chiark / gitweb /
unit: reduce heap usage for unit objects
[elogind.git] / src / unit.c
index 59776c33e48e7a4def9382c68ff3175e72e162ee..fa3c2649b35b87cba48d1cf117021f0f7602fc34 100644 (file)
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
+/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
 
 /***
   This file is part of systemd.
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include "special.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
 #include "missing.h"
+#include "cgroup-attr.h"
 
 const UnitVTable * const unit_vtable[_UNIT_TYPE_MAX] = {
         [UNIT_SERVICE] = &service_vtable,
@@ -56,15 +57,18 @@ const UnitVTable * const unit_vtable[_UNIT_TYPE_MAX] = {
         [UNIT_PATH] = &path_vtable
 };
 
-Unit *unit_new(Manager *m) {
+Unit *unit_new(Manager *m, size_t size) {
         Unit *u;
 
         assert(m);
+        assert(size >= sizeof(Meta));
 
-        if (!(u = new0(Unit, 1)))
+        u = malloc0(size);
+        if (!u)
                 return NULL;
 
-        if (!(u->meta.names = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
+        u->meta.names = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
+        if (!u->meta.names) {
                 free(u);
                 return NULL;
         }
@@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ Unit *unit_new(Manager *m) {
         u->meta.type = _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID;
         u->meta.deserialized_job = _JOB_TYPE_INVALID;
         u->meta.default_dependencies = true;
+        u->meta.unit_file_state = _UNIT_FILE_STATE_INVALID;
 
         return u;
 }
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ int unit_add_name(Unit *u, const char *text) {
         if (!s)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        if (!unit_name_is_valid(s)) {
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(s, false)) {
                 r = -EINVAL;
                 goto fail;
         }
@@ -118,8 +123,10 @@ int unit_add_name(Unit *u, const char *text) {
         if ((r = unit_name_to_instance(s, &i)) < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        if (i && unit_vtable[t]->no_instances)
+        if (i && unit_vtable[t]->no_instances) {
+                r = -EINVAL;
                 goto fail;
+        }
 
         /* Ensure that this unit is either instanced or not instanced,
          * but not both. */
@@ -157,7 +164,7 @@ int unit_add_name(Unit *u, const char *text) {
                 u->meta.id = s;
                 u->meta.instance = i;
 
-                LIST_PREPEND(Meta, units_per_type, u->meta.manager->units_per_type[t], &u->meta);
+                LIST_PREPEND(Meta, units_by_type, u->meta.manager->units_by_type[t], &u->meta);
 
                 if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->init)
                         UNIT_VTABLE(u)->init(u);
@@ -352,7 +359,7 @@ void unit_free(Unit *u) {
                 bidi_set_free(u, u->meta.dependencies[d]);
 
         if (u->meta.type != _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID)
-                LIST_REMOVE(Meta, units_per_type, u->meta.manager->units_per_type[u->meta.type], &u->meta);
+                LIST_REMOVE(Meta, units_by_type, u->meta.manager->units_by_type[u->meta.type], &u->meta);
 
         if (u->meta.in_load_queue)
                 LIST_REMOVE(Meta, load_queue, u->meta.manager->load_queue, &u->meta);
@@ -368,14 +375,19 @@ void unit_free(Unit *u) {
                 u->meta.manager->n_in_gc_queue--;
         }
 
-        cgroup_bonding_free_list(u->meta.cgroup_bondings);
+        cgroup_bonding_free_list(u->meta.cgroup_bondings, u->meta.manager->n_reloading <= 0);
+        cgroup_attribute_free_list(u->meta.cgroup_attributes);
 
         free(u->meta.description);
         free(u->meta.fragment_path);
+        free(u->meta.instance);
 
         set_free_free(u->meta.names);
 
-        free(u->meta.instance);
+        condition_free_list(u->meta.conditions);
+
+        while (u->meta.refs)
+                unit_ref_unset(u->meta.refs);
 
         free(u);
 }
@@ -388,7 +400,7 @@ UnitActiveState unit_active_state(Unit *u) {
 
         /* After a reload it might happen that a unit is not correctly
          * loaded but still has a process around. That's why we won't
-         * shortcut failed loading to UNIT_INACTIVE_MAINTENANCE. */
+         * shortcut failed loading to UNIT_INACTIVE_FAILED. */
 
         return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->active_state(u);
 }
@@ -440,6 +452,7 @@ static void merge_dependencies(Unit *u, Unit *other, UnitDependency d) {
         assert(other);
         assert(d < _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_MAX);
 
+        /* Fix backwards pointers */
         SET_FOREACH(back, other->meta.dependencies[d], i) {
                 UnitDependency k;
 
@@ -479,18 +492,22 @@ int unit_merge(Unit *u, Unit *other) {
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         if (other->meta.load_state != UNIT_STUB &&
-            other->meta.load_state != UNIT_FAILED)
+            other->meta.load_state != UNIT_ERROR)
                 return -EEXIST;
 
         if (other->meta.job)
                 return -EEXIST;
 
-        if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(unit_active_state(other)))
+        if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(unit_active_state(other)))
                 return -EEXIST;
 
         /* Merge names */
         merge_names(u, other);
 
+        /* Redirect all references */
+        while (other->meta.refs)
+                unit_ref_set(other->meta.refs, u);
+
         /* Merge dependencies */
         for (d = 0; d < _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_MAX; d++)
                 merge_dependencies(u, other, d);
@@ -554,18 +571,23 @@ int unit_add_exec_dependencies(Unit *u, ExecContext *c) {
 
         if (c->std_output != EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG &&
             c->std_output != EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG &&
+            c->std_output != EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL &&
+            c->std_output != EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE &&
+            c->std_output != EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE &&
+            c->std_output != EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE &&
             c->std_error != EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG &&
-            c->std_error != EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG)
+            c->std_error != EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG &&
+            c->std_error != EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL &&
+            c->std_error != EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG_AND_CONSOLE &&
+            c->std_error != EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL_AND_CONSOLE &&
+            c->std_error != EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG_AND_CONSOLE)
                 return 0;
 
         /* If syslog or kernel logging is requested, make sure our own
          * logging daemon is run first. */
 
-        if ((r = unit_add_dependency_by_name(u, UNIT_AFTER, SPECIAL_LOGGER_SOCKET, NULL, true)) < 0)
-                return r;
-
         if (u->meta.manager->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM)
-                if ((r = unit_add_dependency_by_name(u, UNIT_REQUIRES, SPECIAL_LOGGER_SOCKET, NULL, true)) < 0)
+                if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(u, UNIT_REQUIRES, UNIT_AFTER, SPECIAL_JOURNALD_SOCKET, NULL, true)) < 0)
                         return r;
 
         return 0;
@@ -577,7 +599,7 @@ const char *unit_description(Unit *u) {
         if (u->meta.description)
                 return u->meta.description;
 
-        return u->meta.id;
+        return strna(u->meta.id);
 }
 
 void unit_dump(Unit *u, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
@@ -586,7 +608,6 @@ void unit_dump(Unit *u, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
         Iterator i;
         char *p2;
         const char *prefix2;
-        CGroupBonding *b;
         char
                 timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX],
                 timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX],
@@ -639,6 +660,15 @@ void unit_dump(Unit *u, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
         if (u->meta.job_timeout > 0)
                 fprintf(f, "%s\tJob Timeout: %s\n", prefix, format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), u->meta.job_timeout));
 
+        condition_dump_list(u->meta.conditions, f, prefix);
+
+        if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&u->meta.condition_timestamp))
+                fprintf(f,
+                        "%s\tCondition Timestamp: %s\n"
+                        "%s\tCondition Result: %s\n",
+                        prefix, strna(format_timestamp(timestamp1, sizeof(timestamp1), u->meta.condition_timestamp.realtime)),
+                        prefix, yes_no(u->meta.condition_result));
+
         for (d = 0; d < _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_MAX; d++) {
                 Unit *other;
 
@@ -647,24 +677,41 @@ void unit_dump(Unit *u, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
         }
 
         if (u->meta.load_state == UNIT_LOADED) {
+                CGroupBonding *b;
+                CGroupAttribute *a;
+
                 fprintf(f,
-                        "%s\tRecursive Stop: %s\n"
                         "%s\tStopWhenUnneeded: %s\n"
                         "%s\tRefuseManualStart: %s\n"
                         "%s\tRefuseManualStop: %s\n"
                         "%s\tDefaultDependencies: %s\n"
-                        "%s\tIgnoreDependencyFailure: %s\n",
-                        prefix, yes_no(u->meta.recursive_stop),
+                        "%s\tOnFailureIsolate: %s\n"
+                        "%s\tIgnoreOnIsolate: %s\n"
+                        "%s\tIgnoreOnSnapshot: %s\n",
                         prefix, yes_no(u->meta.stop_when_unneeded),
                         prefix, yes_no(u->meta.refuse_manual_start),
                         prefix, yes_no(u->meta.refuse_manual_stop),
                         prefix, yes_no(u->meta.default_dependencies),
-                        prefix, yes_no(u->meta.ignore_dependency_failure));
+                        prefix, yes_no(u->meta.on_failure_isolate),
+                        prefix, yes_no(u->meta.ignore_on_isolate),
+                        prefix, yes_no(u->meta.ignore_on_snapshot));
 
                 LIST_FOREACH(by_unit, b, u->meta.cgroup_bondings)
                         fprintf(f, "%s\tControlGroup: %s:%s\n",
                                 prefix, b->controller, b->path);
 
+                LIST_FOREACH(by_unit, a, u->meta.cgroup_attributes) {
+                        char *v = NULL;
+
+                        if (a->map_callback)
+                                a->map_callback(a->controller, a->name, a->value, &v);
+
+                        fprintf(f, "%s\tControlGroupAttribute: %s %s \"%s\"\n",
+                                prefix, a->controller, a->name, v ? v : a->value);
+
+                        free(v);
+                }
+
                 if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->dump)
                         UNIT_VTABLE(u)->dump(u, f, prefix2);
 
@@ -672,6 +719,9 @@ void unit_dump(Unit *u, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
                 fprintf(f,
                         "%s\tMerged into: %s\n",
                         prefix, u->meta.merged_into->meta.id);
+        else if (u->meta.load_state == UNIT_ERROR)
+                fprintf(f, "%s\tLoad Error Code: %s\n", prefix, strerror(-u->meta.load_error));
+
 
         if (u->meta.job)
                 job_dump(u->meta.job, f, prefix2);
@@ -722,6 +772,55 @@ int unit_load_fragment_and_dropin_optional(Unit *u) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+int unit_add_default_target_dependency(Unit *u, Unit *target) {
+        assert(u);
+        assert(target);
+
+        if (target->meta.type != UNIT_TARGET)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Only add the dependency if both units are loaded, so that
+         * that loop check below is reliable */
+        if (u->meta.load_state != UNIT_LOADED ||
+            target->meta.load_state != UNIT_LOADED)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* If either side wants no automatic dependencies, then let's
+         * skip this */
+        if (!u->meta.default_dependencies ||
+            !target->meta.default_dependencies)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Don't create loops */
+        if (set_get(target->meta.dependencies[UNIT_BEFORE], u))
+                return 0;
+
+        return unit_add_dependency(target, UNIT_AFTER, u, true);
+}
+
+static int unit_add_default_dependencies(Unit *u) {
+        static const UnitDependency deps[] = {
+                UNIT_REQUIRED_BY,
+                UNIT_REQUIRED_BY_OVERRIDABLE,
+                UNIT_WANTED_BY,
+                UNIT_BOUND_BY
+        };
+
+        Unit *target;
+        Iterator i;
+        int r;
+        unsigned k;
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        for (k = 0; k < ELEMENTSOF(deps); k++)
+                SET_FOREACH(target, u->meta.dependencies[deps[k]], i)
+                        if ((r = unit_add_default_target_dependency(u, target)) < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 int unit_load(Unit *u) {
         int r;
 
@@ -747,6 +846,21 @@ int unit_load(Unit *u) {
                 goto fail;
         }
 
+        if (u->meta.load_state == UNIT_LOADED &&
+            u->meta.default_dependencies)
+                if ((r = unit_add_default_dependencies(u)) < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+
+        if (u->meta.on_failure_isolate &&
+            set_size(u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_ON_FAILURE]) > 1) {
+
+                log_error("More than one OnFailure= dependencies specified for %s but OnFailureIsolate= enabled. Refusing.",
+                          u->meta.id);
+
+                r = -EINVAL;
+                goto fail;
+        }
+
         assert((u->meta.load_state != UNIT_MERGED) == !u->meta.merged_into);
 
         unit_add_to_dbus_queue(unit_follow_merge(u));
@@ -755,14 +869,25 @@ int unit_load(Unit *u) {
         return 0;
 
 fail:
-        u->meta.load_state = UNIT_FAILED;
+        u->meta.load_state = UNIT_ERROR;
+        u->meta.load_error = r;
         unit_add_to_dbus_queue(u);
+        unit_add_to_gc_queue(u);
 
-        log_notice("Failed to load configuration for %s: %s", u->meta.id, strerror(-r));
+        log_debug("Failed to load configuration for %s: %s", u->meta.id, strerror(-r));
 
         return r;
 }
 
+bool unit_condition_test(Unit *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        dual_timestamp_get(&u->meta.condition_timestamp);
+        u->meta.condition_result = condition_test_list(u->meta.conditions);
+
+        return u->meta.condition_result;
+}
+
 /* Errors:
  *         -EBADR:     This unit type does not support starting.
  *         -EALREADY:  Unit is already started.
@@ -771,20 +896,37 @@ fail:
  */
 int unit_start(Unit *u) {
         UnitActiveState state;
+        Unit *following;
 
         assert(u);
 
         if (u->meta.load_state != UNIT_LOADED)
                 return -EINVAL;
 
-        /* If this is already (being) started, then this will
-         * succeed. Note that this will even succeed if this unit is
-         * not startable by the user. This is relied on to detect when
-         * we need to wait for units and when waiting is finished. */
+        /* If this is already started, then this will succeed. Note
+         * that this will even succeed if this unit is not startable
+         * by the user. This is relied on to detect when we need to
+         * wait for units and when waiting is finished. */
         state = unit_active_state(u);
         if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(state))
                 return -EALREADY;
 
+        /* If the conditions failed, don't do anything at all. If we
+         * already are activating this call might still be useful to
+         * speed up activation in case there is some hold-off time,
+         * but we don't want to recheck the condition in that case. */
+        if (state != UNIT_ACTIVATING &&
+            !unit_condition_test(u)) {
+                log_debug("Starting of %s requested but condition failed. Ignoring.", u->meta.id);
+                return -EALREADY;
+        }
+
+        /* Forward to the main object, if we aren't it. */
+        if ((following = unit_following(u))) {
+                log_debug("Redirecting start request from %s to %s.", u->meta.id, following->meta.id);
+                return unit_start(following);
+        }
+
         /* If it is stopped, but we cannot start it, then fail */
         if (!UNIT_VTABLE(u)->start)
                 return -EBADR;
@@ -797,8 +939,7 @@ int unit_start(Unit *u) {
 
         unit_add_to_dbus_queue(u);
 
-        unit_status_printf(u, "Starting %s...\n", unit_description(u));
-
+        unit_status_printf(u, NULL, "Starting %s...", unit_description(u));
         return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->start(u);
 }
 
@@ -808,6 +949,13 @@ bool unit_can_start(Unit *u) {
         return !!UNIT_VTABLE(u)->start;
 }
 
+bool unit_can_isolate(Unit *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        return unit_can_start(u) &&
+                u->meta.allow_isolate;
+}
+
 /* Errors:
  *         -EBADR:    This unit type does not support stopping.
  *         -EALREADY: Unit is already stopped.
@@ -815,20 +963,25 @@ bool unit_can_start(Unit *u) {
  */
 int unit_stop(Unit *u) {
         UnitActiveState state;
+        Unit *following;
 
         assert(u);
 
         state = unit_active_state(u);
-        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(state))
+        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(state))
                 return -EALREADY;
 
+        if ((following = unit_following(u))) {
+                log_debug("Redirecting stop request from %s to %s.", u->meta.id, following->meta.id);
+                return unit_stop(following);
+        }
+
         if (!UNIT_VTABLE(u)->stop)
                 return -EBADR;
 
         unit_add_to_dbus_queue(u);
 
-        unit_status_printf(u, "Stopping %s...\n", unit_description(u));
-
+        unit_status_printf(u, NULL, "Stopping %s...", unit_description(u));
         return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->stop(u);
 }
 
@@ -839,6 +992,7 @@ int unit_stop(Unit *u) {
  */
 int unit_reload(Unit *u) {
         UnitActiveState state;
+        Unit *following;
 
         assert(u);
 
@@ -855,6 +1009,11 @@ int unit_reload(Unit *u) {
         if (state != UNIT_ACTIVE)
                 return -ENOEXEC;
 
+        if ((following = unit_following(u))) {
+                log_debug("Redirecting reload request from %s to %s.", u->meta.id, following->meta.id);
+                return unit_reload(following);
+        }
+
         unit_add_to_dbus_queue(u);
         return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->reload(u);
 }
@@ -871,7 +1030,7 @@ bool unit_can_reload(Unit *u) {
         return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->can_reload(u);
 }
 
-static void unit_check_uneeded(Unit *u) {
+static void unit_check_unneeded(Unit *u) {
         Iterator i;
         Unit *other;
 
@@ -887,15 +1046,19 @@ static void unit_check_uneeded(Unit *u) {
                 return;
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUIRED_BY], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (unit_pending_active(other))
                         return;
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUIRED_BY_OVERRIDABLE], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (unit_pending_active(other))
                         return;
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_WANTED_BY], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (unit_pending_active(other))
+                        return;
+
+        SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_BOUND_BY], i)
+                if (unit_pending_active(other))
                         return;
 
         log_info("Service %s is not needed anymore. Stopping.", u->meta.id);
@@ -912,27 +1075,36 @@ static void retroactively_start_dependencies(Unit *u) {
         assert(UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(u)));
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUIRES], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (!set_get(u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_AFTER], other) &&
+                    !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                        manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_START, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
+
+        SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_BIND_TO], i)
+                if (!set_get(u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_AFTER], other) &&
+                    !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
                         manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_START, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUIRES_OVERRIDABLE], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (!set_get(u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_AFTER], other) &&
+                    !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
                         manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_START, other, JOB_FAIL, false, NULL, NULL);
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUISITE], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (!set_get(u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_AFTER], other) &&
+                    !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
                         manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_START, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_WANTS], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (!set_get(u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_AFTER], other) &&
+                    !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
                         manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_START, other, JOB_FAIL, false, NULL, NULL);
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_CONFLICTS], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
                         manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_STOP, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
 
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_CONFLICTED_BY], i)
-                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
                         manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_STOP, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -943,33 +1115,60 @@ static void retroactively_stop_dependencies(Unit *u) {
         assert(u);
         assert(UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(u)));
 
-        if (u->meta.recursive_stop) {
-                /* Pull down units need us recursively if enabled */
-                SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUIRED_BY], i)
-                        if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
-                                manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_STOP, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
-        }
+        /* Pull down units which are bound to us recursively if enabled */
+        SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_BOUND_BY], i)
+                if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                        manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_STOP, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
+}
+
+static void check_unneeded_dependencies(Unit *u) {
+        Iterator i;
+        Unit *other;
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(u)));
 
         /* Garbage collect services that might not be needed anymore, if enabled */
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUIRES], i)
                 if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
-                        unit_check_uneeded(other);
+                        unit_check_unneeded(other);
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUIRES_OVERRIDABLE], i)
                 if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
-                        unit_check_uneeded(other);
+                        unit_check_unneeded(other);
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_WANTS], i)
                 if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
-                        unit_check_uneeded(other);
+                        unit_check_unneeded(other);
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUISITE], i)
                 if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
-                        unit_check_uneeded(other);
+                        unit_check_unneeded(other);
         SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_REQUISITE_OVERRIDABLE], i)
                 if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
-                        unit_check_uneeded(other);
+                        unit_check_unneeded(other);
+        SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_BIND_TO], i)
+                if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(other)))
+                        unit_check_unneeded(other);
 }
 
-void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
-        dual_timestamp ts;
+void unit_trigger_on_failure(Unit *u) {
+        Unit *other;
+        Iterator i;
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (set_size(u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_ON_FAILURE]) <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        log_info("Triggering OnFailure= dependencies of %s.", u->meta.id);
+
+        SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_ON_FAILURE], i) {
+                int r;
+
+                if ((r = manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_START, other, u->meta.on_failure_isolate ? JOB_ISOLATE : JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL)) < 0)
+                        log_error("Failed to enqueue OnFailure= job: %s", strerror(-r));
+        }
+}
+
+void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns, bool reload_success) {
         bool unexpected;
 
         assert(u);
@@ -982,23 +1181,27 @@ void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
          * behaviour here. For example: if a mount point is remounted
          * this function will be called too! */
 
-        dual_timestamp_get(&ts);
+        if (u->meta.manager->n_reloading <= 0) {
+                dual_timestamp ts;
 
-        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(os) && !UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(ns))
-                u->meta.inactive_exit_timestamp = ts;
-        else if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(os) && UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(ns))
-                u->meta.inactive_enter_timestamp = ts;
+                dual_timestamp_get(&ts);
 
-        if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(os) && UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(ns))
-                u->meta.active_enter_timestamp = ts;
-        else if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(os) && !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(ns))
-                u->meta.active_exit_timestamp = ts;
+                if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(os) && !UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(ns))
+                        u->meta.inactive_exit_timestamp = ts;
+                else if (!UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(os) && UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(ns))
+                        u->meta.inactive_enter_timestamp = ts;
 
-        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(ns))
-                cgroup_bonding_trim_list(u->meta.cgroup_bondings, true);
+                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(os) && UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(ns))
+                        u->meta.active_enter_timestamp = ts;
+                else if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(os) && !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(ns))
+                        u->meta.active_exit_timestamp = ts;
 
-        timer_unit_notify(u, ns);
-        path_unit_notify(u, ns);
+                timer_unit_notify(u, ns);
+                path_unit_notify(u, ns);
+        }
+
+        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(ns))
+                cgroup_bonding_trim_list(u->meta.cgroup_bondings, true);
 
         if (u->meta.job) {
                 unexpected = false;
@@ -1011,7 +1214,7 @@ void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
                         job_add_to_run_queue(u->meta.job);
 
                 /* Let's check whether this state change constitutes a
-                 * finished job, or maybe cotradicts a running job and
+                 * finished job, or maybe contradicts a running job and
                  * hence needs to invalidate jobs. */
 
                 switch (u->meta.job->type) {
@@ -1020,12 +1223,12 @@ void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
                 case JOB_VERIFY_ACTIVE:
 
                         if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(ns))
-                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, true);
+                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, JOB_DONE);
                         else if (u->meta.job->state == JOB_RUNNING && ns != UNIT_ACTIVATING) {
                                 unexpected = true;
 
-                                if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(ns))
-                                        job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, ns != UNIT_MAINTENANCE);
+                                if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(ns))
+                                        job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, ns == UNIT_FAILED ? JOB_FAILED : JOB_DONE);
                         }
 
                         break;
@@ -1035,12 +1238,12 @@ void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
 
                         if (u->meta.job->state == JOB_RUNNING) {
                                 if (ns == UNIT_ACTIVE)
-                                        job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, true);
+                                        job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, reload_success ? JOB_DONE : JOB_FAILED);
                                 else if (ns != UNIT_ACTIVATING && ns != UNIT_RELOADING) {
                                         unexpected = true;
 
-                                        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(ns))
-                                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, ns != UNIT_MAINTENANCE);
+                                        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(ns))
+                                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, ns == UNIT_FAILED ? JOB_FAILED : JOB_DONE);
                                 }
                         }
 
@@ -1050,11 +1253,11 @@ void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
                 case JOB_RESTART:
                 case JOB_TRY_RESTART:
 
-                        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(ns))
-                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, true);
+                        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(ns))
+                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, JOB_DONE);
                         else if (u->meta.job->state == JOB_RUNNING && ns != UNIT_DEACTIVATING) {
                                 unexpected = true;
-                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, false);
+                                job_finish_and_invalidate(u->meta.job, JOB_FAILED);
                         }
 
                         break;
@@ -1066,64 +1269,61 @@ void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
         } else
                 unexpected = true;
 
-        /* If this state change happened without being requested by a
-         * job, then let's retroactively start or stop
-         * dependencies. We skip that step when deserializing, since
-         * we don't want to create any additional jobs just because
-         * something is already activated. */
-
-        if (unexpected && u->meta.manager->n_deserializing <= 0) {
-                if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(os) && UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(ns))
-                        retroactively_start_dependencies(u);
-                else if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(os) && UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(ns))
-                        retroactively_stop_dependencies(u);
-        }
+        if (u->meta.manager->n_reloading <= 0) {
 
-        if (ns != os && ns == UNIT_MAINTENANCE) {
-                Iterator i;
-                Unit *other;
+                /* If this state change happened without being
+                 * requested by a job, then let's retroactively start
+                 * or stop dependencies. We skip that step when
+                 * deserializing, since we don't want to create any
+                 * additional jobs just because something is already
+                 * activated. */
 
-                SET_FOREACH(other, u->meta.dependencies[UNIT_ON_FAILURE], i)
-                        manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, JOB_START, other, JOB_REPLACE, true, NULL, NULL);
+                if (unexpected) {
+                        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(os) && UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(ns))
+                                retroactively_start_dependencies(u);
+                        else if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(os) && UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(ns))
+                                retroactively_stop_dependencies(u);
+                }
+
+                /* stop unneeded units regardless if going down was expected or not */
+                if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(os) && UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(ns))
+                        check_unneeded_dependencies(u);
 
-                log_notice("Unit %s entered maintenance state.", u->meta.id);
+                if (ns != os && ns == UNIT_FAILED) {
+                        log_notice("Unit %s entered failed state.", u->meta.id);
+                        unit_trigger_on_failure(u);
+                }
         }
 
         /* Some names are special */
         if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(ns)) {
+
                 if (unit_has_name(u, SPECIAL_DBUS_SERVICE))
                         /* The bus just might have become available,
                          * hence try to connect to it, if we aren't
                          * yet connected. */
-                        bus_init(u->meta.manager);
-
-                if (unit_has_name(u, SPECIAL_SYSLOG_SERVICE))
-                        /* The syslog daemon just might have become
-                         * available, hence try to connect to it, if
-                         * we aren't yet connected. */
-                        log_open();
+                        bus_init(u->meta.manager, true);
 
                 if (u->meta.type == UNIT_SERVICE &&
-                    !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(os)) {
+                    !UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(os) &&
+                    u->meta.manager->n_reloading <= 0) {
                         /* Write audit record if we have just finished starting up */
-                        manager_send_unit_audit(u->meta.manager, u, AUDIT_SERVICE_START, 1);
+                        manager_send_unit_audit(u->meta.manager, u, AUDIT_SERVICE_START, true);
                         u->meta.in_audit = true;
                 }
 
-        } else {
+                if (!UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_RELOADING(os))
+                        manager_send_unit_plymouth(u->meta.manager, u);
 
-                if (unit_has_name(u, SPECIAL_SYSLOG_SERVICE))
-                        /* The syslog daemon might just have
-                         * terminated, hence try to disconnect from
-                         * it. */
-                        log_close_syslog();
+        } else {
 
                 /* We don't care about D-Bus here, since we'll get an
                  * asynchronous notification for it anyway. */
 
                 if (u->meta.type == UNIT_SERVICE &&
-                    UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(ns) &&
-                    !UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_MAINTENANCE(os)) {
+                    UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(ns) &&
+                    !UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_FAILED(os) &&
+                    u->meta.manager->n_reloading <= 0) {
 
                         /* Hmm, if there was no start record written
                          * write it now, so that we always have a nice
@@ -1141,9 +1341,11 @@ void unit_notify(Unit *u, UnitActiveState os, UnitActiveState ns) {
                 }
         }
 
+        manager_recheck_journal(u->meta.manager);
+
         /* Maybe we finished startup and are now ready for being
          * stopped because unneeded? */
-        unit_check_uneeded(u);
+        unit_check_unneeded(u);
 
         unit_add_to_dbus_queue(u);
         unit_add_to_gc_queue(u);
@@ -1301,9 +1503,9 @@ bool unit_job_is_applicable(Unit *u, JobType j) {
 
         case JOB_VERIFY_ACTIVE:
         case JOB_START:
+        case JOB_STOP:
                 return true;
 
-        case JOB_STOP:
         case JOB_RESTART:
         case JOB_TRY_RESTART:
                 return unit_can_start(u);
@@ -1327,16 +1529,22 @@ int unit_add_dependency(Unit *u, UnitDependency d, Unit *other, bool add_referen
                 [UNIT_WANTS] = UNIT_WANTED_BY,
                 [UNIT_REQUISITE] = UNIT_REQUIRED_BY,
                 [UNIT_REQUISITE_OVERRIDABLE] = UNIT_REQUIRED_BY_OVERRIDABLE,
+                [UNIT_BIND_TO] = UNIT_BOUND_BY,
                 [UNIT_REQUIRED_BY] = _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_INVALID,
                 [UNIT_REQUIRED_BY_OVERRIDABLE] = _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_INVALID,
                 [UNIT_WANTED_BY] = _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_INVALID,
+                [UNIT_BOUND_BY] = UNIT_BIND_TO,
                 [UNIT_CONFLICTS] = UNIT_CONFLICTED_BY,
                 [UNIT_CONFLICTED_BY] = UNIT_CONFLICTS,
                 [UNIT_BEFORE] = UNIT_AFTER,
                 [UNIT_AFTER] = UNIT_BEFORE,
                 [UNIT_ON_FAILURE] = _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_INVALID,
                 [UNIT_REFERENCES] = UNIT_REFERENCED_BY,
-                [UNIT_REFERENCED_BY] = UNIT_REFERENCES
+                [UNIT_REFERENCED_BY] = UNIT_REFERENCES,
+                [UNIT_TRIGGERS] = UNIT_TRIGGERED_BY,
+                [UNIT_TRIGGERED_BY] = UNIT_TRIGGERS,
+                [UNIT_PROPAGATE_RELOAD_TO] = UNIT_PROPAGATE_RELOAD_FROM,
+                [UNIT_PROPAGATE_RELOAD_FROM] = UNIT_PROPAGATE_RELOAD_TO
         };
         int r, q = 0, v = 0, w = 0;
 
@@ -1344,19 +1552,14 @@ int unit_add_dependency(Unit *u, UnitDependency d, Unit *other, bool add_referen
         assert(d >= 0 && d < _UNIT_DEPENDENCY_MAX);
         assert(other);
 
+        u = unit_follow_merge(u);
+        other = unit_follow_merge(other);
+
         /* We won't allow dependencies on ourselves. We will not
          * consider them an error however. */
         if (u == other)
                 return 0;
 
-        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->no_requires &&
-            (d == UNIT_REQUIRES ||
-             d == UNIT_REQUIRES_OVERRIDABLE ||
-             d == UNIT_REQUISITE ||
-             d == UNIT_REQUISITE_OVERRIDABLE)) {
-                    return -EINVAL;
-        }
-
         if ((r = set_ensure_allocated(&u->meta.dependencies[d], trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func)) < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -1583,7 +1786,6 @@ char *unit_dbus_path(Unit *u) {
 }
 
 int unit_add_cgroup(Unit *u, CGroupBonding *b) {
-        CGroupBonding *l;
         int r;
 
         assert(u);
@@ -1591,19 +1793,26 @@ int unit_add_cgroup(Unit *u, CGroupBonding *b) {
 
         assert(b->path);
 
-        if (!b->controller)
+        if (!b->controller) {
                 if (!(b->controller = strdup(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER)))
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
+                b->ours = true;
+        }
+
         /* Ensure this hasn't been added yet */
         assert(!b->unit);
 
-        l = hashmap_get(u->meta.manager->cgroup_bondings, b->path);
-        LIST_PREPEND(CGroupBonding, by_path, l, b);
+        if (streq(b->controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER)) {
+                CGroupBonding *l;
 
-        if ((r = hashmap_replace(u->meta.manager->cgroup_bondings, b->path, l)) < 0) {
-                LIST_REMOVE(CGroupBonding, by_path, l, b);
-                return r;
+                l = hashmap_get(u->meta.manager->cgroup_bondings, b->path);
+                LIST_PREPEND(CGroupBonding, by_path, l, b);
+
+                if ((r = hashmap_replace(u->meta.manager->cgroup_bondings, b->path, l)) < 0) {
+                        LIST_REMOVE(CGroupBonding, by_path, l, b);
+                        return r;
+                }
         }
 
         LIST_PREPEND(CGroupBonding, by_unit, u->meta.cgroup_bondings, b);
@@ -1614,27 +1823,28 @@ int unit_add_cgroup(Unit *u, CGroupBonding *b) {
 
 static char *default_cgroup_path(Unit *u) {
         char *p;
-        int r;
 
         assert(u);
 
         if (u->meta.instance) {
                 char *t;
 
-                if (!(t = unit_name_template(u->meta.id)))
+                t = unit_name_template(u->meta.id);
+                if (!t)
                         return NULL;
 
-                r = asprintf(&p, "%s/%s/%s", u->meta.manager->cgroup_hierarchy, t, u->meta.instance);
+                p = join(u->meta.manager->cgroup_hierarchy, "/", t, "/", u->meta.instance, NULL);
                 free(t);
         } else
-                r = asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", u->meta.manager->cgroup_hierarchy, u->meta.id);
+                p = join(u->meta.manager->cgroup_hierarchy, "/", u->meta.id, NULL);
 
-        return r < 0 ? NULL : p;
+        return p;
 }
 
 int unit_add_cgroup_from_text(Unit *u, const char *name) {
         char *controller = NULL, *path = NULL;
         CGroupBonding *b = NULL;
+        bool ours = false;
         int r;
 
         assert(u);
@@ -1643,11 +1853,15 @@ int unit_add_cgroup_from_text(Unit *u, const char *name) {
         if ((r = cg_split_spec(name, &controller, &path)) < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if (!path)
+        if (!path) {
                 path = default_cgroup_path(u);
+                ours = true;
+        }
 
-        if (!controller)
+        if (!controller) {
                 controller = strdup(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
+                ours = true;
+        }
 
         if (!path || !controller) {
                 free(path);
@@ -1668,8 +1882,8 @@ int unit_add_cgroup_from_text(Unit *u, const char *name) {
 
         b->controller = controller;
         b->path = path;
-        b->only_us = false;
-        b->clean_up = false;
+        b->ours = ours;
+        b->essential = streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
 
         if ((r = unit_add_cgroup(u, b)) < 0)
                 goto fail;
@@ -1684,25 +1898,29 @@ fail:
         return r;
 }
 
-int unit_add_default_cgroup(Unit *u) {
-        CGroupBonding *b;
+static int unit_add_one_default_cgroup(Unit *u, const char *controller) {
+        CGroupBonding *b = NULL;
         int r = -ENOMEM;
 
         assert(u);
 
-        /* Adds in the default cgroup data, if it wasn't specified yet */
+        if (!controller)
+                controller = SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER;
 
-        if (unit_get_default_cgroup(u))
+        if (cgroup_bonding_find_list(u->meta.cgroup_bondings, controller))
                 return 0;
 
         if (!(b = new0(CGroupBonding, 1)))
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        if (!(b->controller = strdup(controller)))
+                goto fail;
+
         if (!(b->path = default_cgroup_path(u)))
                 goto fail;
 
-        b->clean_up = true;
-        b->only_us = true;
+        b->ours = true;
+        b->essential = streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
 
         if ((r = unit_add_cgroup(u, b)) < 0)
                 goto fail;
@@ -1717,12 +1935,100 @@ fail:
         return r;
 }
 
+int unit_add_default_cgroups(Unit *u) {
+        CGroupAttribute *a;
+        char **c;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(u);
+
+        /* Adds in the default cgroups, if they weren't specified
+         * otherwise. */
+
+        if (!u->meta.manager->cgroup_hierarchy)
+                return 0;
+
+        if ((r = unit_add_one_default_cgroup(u, NULL)) < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(c, u->meta.manager->default_controllers)
+                unit_add_one_default_cgroup(u, *c);
+
+        LIST_FOREACH(by_unit, a, u->meta.cgroup_attributes)
+                unit_add_one_default_cgroup(u, a->controller);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 CGroupBonding* unit_get_default_cgroup(Unit *u) {
         assert(u);
 
         return cgroup_bonding_find_list(u->meta.cgroup_bondings, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
 }
 
+int unit_add_cgroup_attribute(Unit *u, const char *controller, const char *name, const char *value, CGroupAttributeMapCallback map_callback) {
+        int r;
+        char *c = NULL;
+        CGroupAttribute *a;
+
+        assert(u);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(value);
+
+        if (!controller) {
+                const char *dot;
+
+                dot = strchr(name, '.');
+                if (!dot)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                c = strndup(name, dot - name);
+                if (!c)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                controller = c;
+        }
+
+        if (streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER)) {
+                r = -EINVAL;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        a = new0(CGroupAttribute, 1);
+        if (!a) {
+                r = -ENOMEM;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (c) {
+                a->controller = c;
+                c = NULL;
+        } else
+                a->controller = strdup(controller);
+
+        a->name = strdup(name);
+        a->value = strdup(value);
+
+        if (!a->controller || !a->name || !a->value) {
+                free(a->controller);
+                free(a->name);
+                free(a->value);
+                free(a);
+
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+
+        a->map_callback = map_callback;
+
+        LIST_PREPEND(CGroupAttribute, by_unit, u->meta.cgroup_attributes, a);
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        free(c);
+        return r;
+}
+
 int unit_load_related_unit(Unit *u, const char *type, Unit **_found) {
         char *t;
         int r;
@@ -1806,6 +2112,57 @@ static char *specifier_instance_unescaped(char specifier, void *data, void *user
         return strdup("");
 }
 
+static char *specifier_filename(char specifier, void *data, void *userdata) {
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (u->meta.instance)
+                return unit_name_path_unescape(u->meta.instance);
+
+        return unit_name_to_path(u->meta.instance);
+}
+
+static char *specifier_cgroup(char specifier, void *data, void *userdata) {
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        assert(u);
+
+        return default_cgroup_path(u);
+}
+
+static char *specifier_cgroup_root(char specifier, void *data, void *userdata) {
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        char *p;
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (specifier == 'r')
+                return strdup(u->meta.manager->cgroup_hierarchy);
+
+        if (parent_of_path(u->meta.manager->cgroup_hierarchy, &p) < 0)
+                return strdup("");
+
+        if (streq(p, "/")) {
+                free(p);
+                return strdup("");
+        }
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+static char *specifier_runtime(char specifier, void *data, void *userdata) {
+        Unit *u = userdata;
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (u->meta.manager->running_as == MANAGER_USER) {
+                const char *e;
+
+                e = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+                if (e)
+                        return strdup(e);
+        }
+
+        return strdup("/run");
+}
+
 char *unit_name_printf(Unit *u, const char* format) {
 
         /*
@@ -1835,7 +2192,13 @@ char *unit_name_printf(Unit *u, const char* format) {
 char *unit_full_printf(Unit *u, const char *format) {
 
         /* This is similar to unit_name_printf() but also supports
-         * unescaping */
+         * unescaping. Also, adds a couple of additional codes:
+         *
+         * %c cgroup path of unit
+         * %r root cgroup path of this systemd instance (e.g. "/user/lennart/shared/systemd-4711")
+         * %R parent of root cgroup path (e.g. "/usr/lennart/shared")
+         * %t the runtime directory to place sockets in (e.g. "/run" or $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR)
+         */
 
         const Specifier table[] = {
                 { 'n', specifier_string,              u->meta.id },
@@ -1844,6 +2207,11 @@ char *unit_full_printf(Unit *u, const char *format) {
                 { 'P', specifier_prefix_unescaped,    NULL },
                 { 'i', specifier_string,              u->meta.instance },
                 { 'I', specifier_instance_unescaped,  NULL },
+                { 'f', specifier_filename,            NULL },
+                { 'c', specifier_cgroup,              NULL },
+                { 'r', specifier_cgroup_root,         NULL },
+                { 'R', specifier_cgroup_root,         NULL },
+                { 't', specifier_runtime,             NULL },
                 { 0, NULL, NULL }
         };
 
@@ -1873,8 +2241,7 @@ char **unit_full_printf_strv(Unit *u, char **l) {
         return r;
 
 fail:
-        j--;
-        while (j >= r)
+        for (j--; j >= r; j--)
                 free(*j);
 
         free(r);
@@ -1921,6 +2288,15 @@ int unit_serialize(Unit *u, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
         if (u->meta.job)
                 unit_serialize_item(u, f, "job", job_type_to_string(u->meta.job->type));
 
+        dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "inactive-exit-timestamp", &u->meta.inactive_exit_timestamp);
+        dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "active-enter-timestamp", &u->meta.active_enter_timestamp);
+        dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "active-exit-timestamp", &u->meta.active_exit_timestamp);
+        dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "inactive-enter-timestamp", &u->meta.inactive_enter_timestamp);
+        dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "condition-timestamp", &u->meta.condition_timestamp);
+
+        if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&u->meta.condition_timestamp))
+                unit_serialize_item(u, f, "condition-result", yes_no(u->meta.condition_result));
+
         /* End marker */
         fputc('\n', f);
         return 0;
@@ -1964,7 +2340,7 @@ int unit_deserialize(Unit *u, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
                 return 0;
 
         for (;;) {
-                char line[1024], *l, *v;
+                char line[LINE_MAX], *l, *v;
                 size_t k;
 
                 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
@@ -1996,6 +2372,30 @@ int unit_deserialize(Unit *u, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
                         else
                                 u->meta.deserialized_job = type;
 
+                        continue;
+                } else if (streq(l, "inactive-exit-timestamp")) {
+                        dual_timestamp_deserialize(v, &u->meta.inactive_exit_timestamp);
+                        continue;
+                } else if (streq(l, "active-enter-timestamp")) {
+                        dual_timestamp_deserialize(v, &u->meta.active_enter_timestamp);
+                        continue;
+                } else if (streq(l, "active-exit-timestamp")) {
+                        dual_timestamp_deserialize(v, &u->meta.active_exit_timestamp);
+                        continue;
+                } else if (streq(l, "inactive-enter-timestamp")) {
+                        dual_timestamp_deserialize(v, &u->meta.inactive_enter_timestamp);
+                        continue;
+                } else if (streq(l, "condition-timestamp")) {
+                        dual_timestamp_deserialize(v, &u->meta.condition_timestamp);
+                        continue;
+                } else if (streq(l, "condition-result")) {
+                        int b;
+
+                        if ((b = parse_boolean(v)) < 0)
+                                log_debug("Failed to parse condition result value %s", v);
+                        else
+                                u->meta.condition_result = b;
+
                         continue;
                 }
 
@@ -2028,7 +2428,7 @@ int unit_add_node_link(Unit *u, const char *what, bool wants) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies(u, UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES, device, true)) < 0)
+        if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies(u, UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_BIND_TO, device, true)) < 0)
                 return r;
 
         if (wants)
@@ -2048,7 +2448,7 @@ int unit_coldplug(Unit *u) {
                         return r;
 
         if (u->meta.deserialized_job >= 0) {
-                if ((r = manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, u->meta.deserialized_job, u, JOB_FAIL, false, NULL, NULL)) < 0)
+                if ((r = manager_add_job(u->meta.manager, u->meta.deserialized_job, u, JOB_IGNORE_REQUIREMENTS, false, NULL, NULL)) < 0)
                         return r;
 
                 u->meta.deserialized_job = _JOB_TYPE_INVALID;
@@ -2057,7 +2457,7 @@ int unit_coldplug(Unit *u) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-void unit_status_printf(Unit *u, const char *format, ...) {
+void unit_status_printf(Unit *u, const char *status, const char *format, ...) {
         va_list ap;
 
         assert(u);
@@ -2066,43 +2466,44 @@ void unit_status_printf(Unit *u, const char *format, ...) {
         if (!UNIT_VTABLE(u)->show_status)
                 return;
 
-        if (u->meta.manager->running_as != MANAGER_SYSTEM)
-                return;
-
-        if (!u->meta.manager->show_status)
+        if (!manager_get_show_status(u->meta.manager))
                 return;
 
         if (!manager_is_booting_or_shutting_down(u->meta.manager))
                 return;
 
         va_start(ap, format);
-        status_vprintf(format, ap);
+        status_vprintf(status, true, format, ap);
         va_end(ap);
 }
 
 bool unit_need_daemon_reload(Unit *u) {
-        struct stat st;
-
         assert(u);
 
-        if (!u->meta.fragment_path)
-                return false;
+        if (u->meta.fragment_path) {
+                struct stat st;
 
-        zero(st);
-        if (stat(u->meta.fragment_path, &st) < 0)
-                /* What, cannot access this anymore? */
-                return true;
+                zero(st);
+                if (stat(u->meta.fragment_path, &st) < 0)
+                        /* What, cannot access this anymore? */
+                        return true;
+
+                if (u->meta.fragment_mtime > 0 &&
+                    timespec_load(&st.st_mtim) != u->meta.fragment_mtime)
+                        return true;
+        }
+
+        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->need_daemon_reload)
+                return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->need_daemon_reload(u);
 
-        return
-                u->meta.fragment_mtime &&
-                timespec_load(&st.st_mtim) != u->meta.fragment_mtime;
+        return false;
 }
 
-void unit_reset_maintenance(Unit *u) {
+void unit_reset_failed(Unit *u) {
         assert(u);
 
-        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->reset_maintenance)
-                UNIT_VTABLE(u)->reset_maintenance(u);
+        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->reset_failed)
+                UNIT_VTABLE(u)->reset_failed(u);
 }
 
 Unit *unit_following(Unit *u) {
@@ -2114,11 +2515,125 @@ Unit *unit_following(Unit *u) {
         return NULL;
 }
 
+bool unit_pending_inactive(Unit *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        /* Returns true if the unit is inactive or going down */
+
+        if (UNIT_IS_INACTIVE_OR_DEACTIVATING(unit_active_state(u)))
+                return true;
+
+        if (u->meta.job && u->meta.job->type == JOB_STOP)
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+bool unit_pending_active(Unit *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        /* Returns true if the unit is active or going up */
+
+        if (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(u)))
+                return true;
+
+        if (u->meta.job &&
+            (u->meta.job->type == JOB_START ||
+             u->meta.job->type == JOB_RELOAD_OR_START ||
+             u->meta.job->type == JOB_RESTART))
+                return true;
+
+        return false;
+}
+
+UnitType unit_name_to_type(const char *n) {
+        UnitType t;
+
+        assert(n);
+
+        for (t = 0; t < _UNIT_TYPE_MAX; t++)
+                if (endswith(n, unit_vtable[t]->suffix))
+                        return t;
+
+        return _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID;
+}
+
+bool unit_name_is_valid(const char *n, bool template_ok) {
+        UnitType t;
+
+        t = unit_name_to_type(n);
+        if (t < 0 || t >= _UNIT_TYPE_MAX)
+                return false;
+
+        return unit_name_is_valid_no_type(n, template_ok);
+}
+
+int unit_kill(Unit *u, KillWho w, KillMode m, int signo, DBusError *error) {
+        assert(u);
+        assert(w >= 0 && w < _KILL_WHO_MAX);
+        assert(m >= 0 && m < _KILL_MODE_MAX);
+        assert(signo > 0);
+        assert(signo < _NSIG);
+
+        if (m == KILL_NONE)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!UNIT_VTABLE(u)->kill)
+                return -ENOTSUP;
+
+        return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->kill(u, w, m, signo, error);
+}
+
+int unit_following_set(Unit *u, Set **s) {
+        assert(u);
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->following_set)
+                return UNIT_VTABLE(u)->following_set(u, s);
+
+        *s = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+UnitFileState unit_get_unit_file_state(Unit *u) {
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (u->meta.unit_file_state < 0 && u->meta.fragment_path)
+                u->meta.unit_file_state = unit_file_get_state(
+                                u->meta.manager->running_as == MANAGER_SYSTEM ? UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM : UNIT_FILE_USER,
+                                NULL, file_name_from_path(u->meta.fragment_path));
+
+        return u->meta.unit_file_state;
+}
+
+Unit* unit_ref_set(UnitRef *ref, Unit *u) {
+        assert(ref);
+        assert(u);
+
+        if (ref->unit)
+                unit_ref_unset(ref);
+
+        ref->unit = u;
+        LIST_PREPEND(UnitRef, refs, u->meta.refs, ref);
+        return u;
+}
+
+void unit_ref_unset(UnitRef *ref) {
+        assert(ref);
+
+        if (!ref->unit)
+                return;
+
+        LIST_REMOVE(UnitRef, refs, ref->unit->meta.refs, ref);
+        ref->unit = NULL;
+}
+
 static const char* const unit_load_state_table[_UNIT_LOAD_STATE_MAX] = {
         [UNIT_STUB] = "stub",
         [UNIT_LOADED] = "loaded",
-        [UNIT_FAILED] = "failed",
-        [UNIT_MERGED] = "merged"
+        [UNIT_ERROR] = "error",
+        [UNIT_MERGED] = "merged",
+        [UNIT_MASKED] = "masked"
 };
 
 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_load_state, UnitLoadState);
@@ -2127,7 +2642,7 @@ static const char* const unit_active_state_table[_UNIT_ACTIVE_STATE_MAX] = {
         [UNIT_ACTIVE] = "active",
         [UNIT_RELOADING] = "reloading",
         [UNIT_INACTIVE] = "inactive",
-        [UNIT_MAINTENANCE] = "maintenance",
+        [UNIT_FAILED] = "failed",
         [UNIT_ACTIVATING] = "activating",
         [UNIT_DEACTIVATING] = "deactivating"
 };
@@ -2142,23 +2657,20 @@ static const char* const unit_dependency_table[_UNIT_DEPENDENCY_MAX] = {
         [UNIT_REQUISITE_OVERRIDABLE] = "RequisiteOverridable",
         [UNIT_REQUIRED_BY] = "RequiredBy",
         [UNIT_REQUIRED_BY_OVERRIDABLE] = "RequiredByOverridable",
+        [UNIT_BIND_TO] = "BindTo",
         [UNIT_WANTED_BY] = "WantedBy",
         [UNIT_CONFLICTS] = "Conflicts",
         [UNIT_CONFLICTED_BY] = "ConflictedBy",
+        [UNIT_BOUND_BY] = "BoundBy",
         [UNIT_BEFORE] = "Before",
         [UNIT_AFTER] = "After",
         [UNIT_REFERENCES] = "References",
         [UNIT_REFERENCED_BY] = "ReferencedBy",
-        [UNIT_ON_FAILURE] = "OnFailure"
+        [UNIT_ON_FAILURE] = "OnFailure",
+        [UNIT_TRIGGERS] = "Triggers",
+        [UNIT_TRIGGERED_BY] = "TriggeredBy",
+        [UNIT_PROPAGATE_RELOAD_TO] = "PropagateReloadTo",
+        [UNIT_PROPAGATE_RELOAD_FROM] = "PropagateReloadFrom"
 };
 
 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(unit_dependency, UnitDependency);
-
-static const char* const kill_mode_table[_KILL_MODE_MAX] = {
-        [KILL_CONTROL_GROUP] = "control-group",
-        [KILL_PROCESS_GROUP] = "process-group",
-        [KILL_PROCESS] = "process",
-        [KILL_NONE] = "none"
-};
-
-DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(kill_mode, KillMode);