chiark / gitweb /
udev: fix typos
[elogind.git] / src / udev / udevd.c
index a028c9cac0d53d82d99887c2fb458ebaa5513715..37db81c8bba9ba0f8c2a0ae32f7291333100fcf3 100644 (file)
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2004-2012 Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+ * Copyright (C) 2004-2012 Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
  * Copyright (C) 2004 Chris Friesen <chris_friesen@sympatico.ca>
  * Copyright (C) 2009 Canonical Ltd.
  * Copyright (C) 2009 Scott James Remnant <scott@netsplit.com>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 #include <sys/signalfd.h>
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <sys/poll.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/utsname.h>
 
 #include "udev.h"
+#include "udev-util.h"
+#include "rtnl-util.h"
 #include "sd-daemon.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
 #include "dev-setup.h"
-
-static bool debug;
+#include "fileio.h"
 
 void udev_main_log(struct udev *udev, int priority,
                    const char *file, int line, const char *fn,
-                   const char *format, va_list args)
-{
+                   const char *format, va_list args) {
         log_metav(priority, file, line, fn, format, args);
 }
 
 static struct udev_rules *rules;
-static struct udev_queue_export *udev_queue_export;
 static struct udev_ctrl *udev_ctrl;
 static struct udev_monitor *monitor;
 static int worker_watch[2] = { -1, -1 };
@@ -69,12 +70,17 @@ static int fd_inotify = -1;
 static bool stop_exec_queue;
 static bool reload;
 static int children;
-static int children_max;
-static int exec_delay;
+static bool arg_debug = false;
+static int arg_daemonize = false;
+static int arg_resolve_names = 1;
+static int arg_children_max;
+static int arg_exec_delay;
+static usec_t arg_event_timeout_usec = 180 * USEC_PER_SEC;
+static usec_t arg_event_timeout_warn_usec = 180 * USEC_PER_SEC / 3;
 static sigset_t sigmask_orig;
 static UDEV_LIST(event_list);
 static UDEV_LIST(worker_list);
-char *udev_cgroup;
+static char *udev_cgroup;
 static bool udev_exit;
 
 enum event_state {
@@ -95,12 +101,11 @@ struct event {
         size_t devpath_len;
         const char *devpath_old;
         dev_t devnum;
-        bool is_block;
         int ifindex;
+        bool is_block;
 };
 
-static inline struct event *node_to_event(struct udev_list_node *node)
-{
+static inline struct event *node_to_event(struct udev_list_node *node) {
         return container_of(node, struct event, node);
 }
 
@@ -121,7 +126,8 @@ struct worker {
         struct udev_monitor *monitor;
         enum worker_state state;
         struct event *event;
-        unsigned long long event_start_usec;
+        usec_t event_start_usec;
+        bool event_warned;
 };
 
 /* passed from worker to main process */
@@ -130,48 +136,37 @@ struct worker_message {
         int exitcode;
 };
 
-static inline struct worker *node_to_worker(struct udev_list_node *node)
-{
+static inline struct worker *node_to_worker(struct udev_list_node *node) {
         return container_of(node, struct worker, node);
 }
 
-static void event_queue_delete(struct event *event, bool export)
-{
+static void event_queue_delete(struct event *event) {
         udev_list_node_remove(&event->node);
-
-        if (export) {
-                udev_queue_export_device_finished(udev_queue_export, event->dev);
-                log_debug("seq %llu done with %i\n", udev_device_get_seqnum(event->dev), event->exitcode);
-        }
         udev_device_unref(event->dev);
         free(event);
 }
 
-static struct worker *worker_ref(struct worker *worker)
-{
+static struct worker *worker_ref(struct worker *worker) {
         worker->refcount++;
         return worker;
 }
 
-static void worker_cleanup(struct worker *worker)
-{
+static void worker_cleanup(struct worker *worker) {
         udev_list_node_remove(&worker->node);
         udev_monitor_unref(worker->monitor);
         children--;
         free(worker);
 }
 
-static void worker_unref(struct worker *worker)
-{
+static void worker_unref(struct worker *worker) {
         worker->refcount--;
         if (worker->refcount > 0)
                 return;
-        log_debug("worker [%u] cleaned up\n", worker->pid);
+        log_debug("worker [%u] cleaned up", worker->pid);
         worker_cleanup(worker);
 }
 
-static void worker_list_cleanup(struct udev *udev)
-{
+static void worker_list_cleanup(struct udev *udev) {
         struct udev_list_node *loop, *tmp;
 
         udev_list_node_foreach_safe(loop, tmp, &worker_list) {
@@ -181,8 +176,7 @@ static void worker_list_cleanup(struct udev *udev)
         }
 }
 
-static void worker_new(struct event *event)
-{
+static void worker_new(struct event *event) {
         struct udev *udev = event->udev;
         struct worker *worker;
         struct udev_monitor *worker_monitor;
@@ -196,7 +190,7 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
         udev_monitor_allow_unicast_sender(worker_monitor, monitor);
         udev_monitor_enable_receiving(worker_monitor);
 
-        worker = calloc(1, sizeof(struct worker));
+        worker = new0(struct worker, 1);
         if (worker == NULL) {
                 udev_monitor_unref(worker_monitor);
                 return;
@@ -210,6 +204,7 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
         case 0: {
                 struct udev_device *dev = NULL;
                 int fd_monitor;
+                _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
                 struct epoll_event ep_signal, ep_monitor;
                 sigset_t mask;
                 int rc = EXIT_SUCCESS;
@@ -221,7 +216,6 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
                 free(worker);
                 worker_list_cleanup(udev);
                 event_queue_cleanup(udev, EVENT_UNDEF);
-                udev_queue_export_unref(udev_queue_export);
                 udev_monitor_unref(monitor);
                 udev_ctrl_unref(udev_ctrl);
                 close(fd_signal);
@@ -231,30 +225,30 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
                 sigfillset(&mask);
                 fd_signal = signalfd(-1, &mask, SFD_NONBLOCK|SFD_CLOEXEC);
                 if (fd_signal < 0) {
-                        log_error("error creating signalfd %m\n");
+                        log_error("error creating signalfd %m");
                         rc = 2;
                         goto out;
                 }
 
                 fd_ep = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
                 if (fd_ep < 0) {
-                        log_error("error creating epoll fd: %m\n");
+                        log_error("error creating epoll fd: %m");
                         rc = 3;
                         goto out;
                 }
 
-                memset(&ep_signal, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
+                memzero(&ep_signal, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
                 ep_signal.events = EPOLLIN;
                 ep_signal.data.fd = fd_signal;
 
                 fd_monitor = udev_monitor_get_fd(worker_monitor);
-                memset(&ep_monitor, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
+                memzero(&ep_monitor, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
                 ep_monitor.events = EPOLLIN;
                 ep_monitor.data.fd = fd_monitor;
 
                 if (epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_signal, &ep_signal) < 0 ||
                     epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_monitor, &ep_monitor) < 0) {
-                        log_error("fail to add fds to epoll: %m\n");
+                        log_error("fail to add fds to epoll: %m");
                         rc = 4;
                         goto out;
                 }
@@ -263,14 +257,15 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
                 prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM);
 
                 /* reset OOM score, we only protect the main daemon */
-                write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", "0");
+                write_string_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", "0");
 
                 for (;;) {
                         struct udev_event *udev_event;
                         struct worker_message msg;
-                        int err;
+                        int fd_lock = -1;
+                        int err = 0;
 
-                        log_debug("seq %llu running\n", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev));
+                        log_debug("seq %llu running", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev));
                         udev_event = udev_event_new(dev);
                         if (udev_event == NULL) {
                                 rc = 5;
@@ -280,32 +275,67 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
                         /* needed for SIGCHLD/SIGTERM in spawn() */
                         udev_event->fd_signal = fd_signal;
 
-                        if (exec_delay > 0)
-                                udev_event->exec_delay = exec_delay;
+                        if (arg_exec_delay > 0)
+                                udev_event->exec_delay = arg_exec_delay;
+
+                        /*
+                         * Take a shared lock on the device node; this establishes
+                         * a concept of device "ownership" to serialize device
+                         * access. External processes holding an exclusive lock will
+                         * cause udev to skip the event handling; in the case udev
+                         * acquired the lock, the external process can block until
+                         * udev has finished its event handling.
+                         */
+                        if (!streq_ptr(udev_device_get_action(dev), "remove") &&
+                            streq_ptr("block", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev)) &&
+                            !startswith(udev_device_get_sysname(dev), "dm-") &&
+                            !startswith(udev_device_get_sysname(dev), "md")) {
+                                struct udev_device *d = dev;
+
+                                if (streq_ptr("partition", udev_device_get_devtype(d)))
+                                        d = udev_device_get_parent(d);
+
+                                if (d) {
+                                        fd_lock = open(udev_device_get_devnode(d), O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NONBLOCK);
+                                        if (fd_lock >= 0 && flock(fd_lock, LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB) < 0) {
+                                                log_debug("Unable to flock(%s), skipping event handling: %m", udev_device_get_devnode(d));
+                                                err = -EWOULDBLOCK;
+                                                fd_lock = safe_close(fd_lock);
+                                                goto skip;
+                                        }
+                                }
+                        }
+
+                        /* needed for renaming netifs */
+                        udev_event->rtnl = rtnl;
 
                         /* apply rules, create node, symlinks */
-                        err = udev_event_execute_rules(udev_event, rules, &sigmask_orig);
+                        udev_event_execute_rules(udev_event, arg_event_timeout_usec, arg_event_timeout_warn_usec, rules, &sigmask_orig);
 
-                        if (err == 0)
-                                udev_event_execute_run(udev_event, &sigmask_orig);
+                        udev_event_execute_run(udev_event, arg_event_timeout_usec, arg_event_timeout_warn_usec, &sigmask_orig);
+
+                        /* in case rtnl was initialized */
+                        rtnl = sd_rtnl_ref(udev_event->rtnl);
 
                         /* apply/restore inotify watch */
-                        if (err == 0 && udev_event->inotify_watch) {
+                        if (udev_event->inotify_watch) {
                                 udev_watch_begin(udev, dev);
                                 udev_device_update_db(dev);
                         }
 
+                        safe_close(fd_lock);
+
                         /* send processed event back to libudev listeners */
                         udev_monitor_send_device(worker_monitor, NULL, dev);
 
+skip:
                         /* send udevd the result of the event execution */
-                        memset(&msg, 0, sizeof(struct worker_message));
-                        if (err != 0)
-                                msg.exitcode = err;
+                        memzero(&msg, sizeof(struct worker_message));
+                        msg.exitcode = err;
                         msg.pid = getpid();
                         send(worker_watch[WRITE_END], &msg, sizeof(struct worker_message), 0);
 
-                        log_debug("seq %llu processed with %i\n", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev), err);
+                        log_debug("seq %llu processed with %i", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev), err);
 
                         udev_device_unref(dev);
                         dev = NULL;
@@ -327,7 +357,7 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
                                 if (fdcount < 0) {
                                         if (errno == EINTR)
                                                 continue;
-                                        log_error("failed to poll: %m\n");
+                                        log_error("failed to poll: %m");
                                         goto out;
                                 }
 
@@ -352,10 +382,8 @@ static void worker_new(struct event *event)
                 }
 out:
                 udev_device_unref(dev);
-                if (fd_signal >= 0)
-                        close(fd_signal);
-                if (fd_ep >= 0)
-                        close(fd_ep);
+                safe_close(fd_signal);
+                safe_close(fd_ep);
                 close(fd_inotify);
                 close(worker_watch[WRITE_END]);
                 udev_rules_unref(rules);
@@ -369,7 +397,7 @@ out:
                 udev_monitor_unref(worker_monitor);
                 event->state = EVENT_QUEUED;
                 free(worker);
-                log_error("fork of child failed: %m\n");
+                log_error("fork of child failed: %m");
                 break;
         default:
                 /* close monitor, but keep address around */
@@ -377,18 +405,18 @@ out:
                 worker->monitor = worker_monitor;
                 worker->pid = pid;
                 worker->state = WORKER_RUNNING;
-                worker->event_start_usec = now_usec();
+                worker->event_start_usec = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+                worker->event_warned = false;
                 worker->event = event;
                 event->state = EVENT_RUNNING;
                 udev_list_node_append(&worker->node, &worker_list);
                 children++;
-                log_debug("seq %llu forked new worker [%u]\n", udev_device_get_seqnum(event->dev), pid);
+                log_debug("seq %llu forked new worker [%u]", udev_device_get_seqnum(event->dev), pid);
                 break;
         }
 }
 
-static void event_run(struct event *event)
-{
+static void event_run(struct event *event) {
         struct udev_list_node *loop;
 
         udev_list_node_foreach(loop, &worker_list) {
@@ -400,7 +428,7 @@ static void event_run(struct event *event)
 
                 count = udev_monitor_send_device(monitor, worker->monitor, event->dev);
                 if (count < 0) {
-                        log_error("worker [%u] did not accept message %zi (%m), kill it\n", worker->pid, count);
+                        log_error("worker [%u] did not accept message %zi (%m), kill it", worker->pid, count);
                         kill(worker->pid, SIGKILL);
                         worker->state = WORKER_KILLED;
                         continue;
@@ -408,14 +436,15 @@ static void event_run(struct event *event)
                 worker_ref(worker);
                 worker->event = event;
                 worker->state = WORKER_RUNNING;
-                worker->event_start_usec = now_usec();
+                worker->event_start_usec = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+                worker->event_warned = false;
                 event->state = EVENT_RUNNING;
                 return;
         }
 
-        if (children >= children_max) {
-                if (children_max > 1)
-                        log_debug("maximum number (%i) of children reached\n", children);
+        if (children >= arg_children_max) {
+                if (arg_children_max > 1)
+                        log_debug("maximum number (%i) of children reached", children);
                 return;
         }
 
@@ -423,11 +452,10 @@ static void event_run(struct event *event)
         worker_new(event);
 }
 
-static int event_queue_insert(struct udev_device *dev)
-{
+static int event_queue_insert(struct udev_device *dev) {
         struct event *event;
 
-        event = calloc(1, sizeof(struct event));
+        event = new0(struct event, 1);
         if (event == NULL)
                 return -1;
 
@@ -438,11 +466,10 @@ static int event_queue_insert(struct udev_device *dev)
         event->devpath_len = strlen(event->devpath);
         event->devpath_old = udev_device_get_devpath_old(dev);
         event->devnum = udev_device_get_devnum(dev);
-        event->is_block = (strcmp("block", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev)) == 0);
+        event->is_block = streq("block", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev));
         event->ifindex = udev_device_get_ifindex(dev);
 
-        udev_queue_export_device_queued(udev_queue_export, dev);
-        log_debug("seq %llu queued, '%s' '%s'\n", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev),
+        log_debug("seq %llu queued, '%s' '%s'", udev_device_get_seqnum(dev),
              udev_device_get_action(dev), udev_device_get_subsystem(dev));
 
         event->state = EVENT_QUEUED;
@@ -450,8 +477,7 @@ static int event_queue_insert(struct udev_device *dev)
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void worker_kill(struct udev *udev)
-{
+static void worker_kill(struct udev *udev) {
         struct udev_list_node *loop;
 
         udev_list_node_foreach(loop, &worker_list) {
@@ -466,8 +492,7 @@ static void worker_kill(struct udev *udev)
 }
 
 /* lookup event for identical, parent, child device */
-static bool is_devpath_busy(struct event *event)
-{
+static bool is_devpath_busy(struct event *event) {
         struct udev_list_node *loop;
         size_t common;
 
@@ -496,7 +521,7 @@ static bool is_devpath_busy(struct event *event)
                         return true;
 
                 /* check our old name */
-                if (event->devpath_old != NULL && strcmp(loop_event->devpath, event->devpath_old) == 0) {
+                if (event->devpath_old != NULL && streq(loop_event->devpath, event->devpath_old)) {
                         event->delaying_seqnum = loop_event->seqnum;
                         return true;
                 }
@@ -538,8 +563,7 @@ static bool is_devpath_busy(struct event *event)
         return false;
 }
 
-static void event_queue_start(struct udev *udev)
-{
+static void event_queue_start(struct udev *udev) {
         struct udev_list_node *loop;
 
         udev_list_node_foreach(loop, &event_list) {
@@ -556,8 +580,7 @@ static void event_queue_start(struct udev *udev)
         }
 }
 
-static void event_queue_cleanup(struct udev *udev, enum event_state match_type)
-{
+static void event_queue_cleanup(struct udev *udev, enum event_state match_type) {
         struct udev_list_node *loop, *tmp;
 
         udev_list_node_foreach_safe(loop, tmp, &event_list) {
@@ -566,12 +589,11 @@ static void event_queue_cleanup(struct udev *udev, enum event_state match_type)
                 if (match_type != EVENT_UNDEF && match_type != event->state)
                         continue;
 
-                event_queue_delete(event, false);
+                event_queue_delete(event);
         }
 }
 
-static void worker_returned(int fd_worker)
-{
+static void worker_returned(int fd_worker) {
         for (;;) {
                 struct worker_message msg;
                 ssize_t size;
@@ -591,7 +613,7 @@ static void worker_returned(int fd_worker)
                         /* worker returned */
                         if (worker->event) {
                                 worker->event->exitcode = msg.exitcode;
-                                event_queue_delete(worker->event, true);
+                                event_queue_delete(worker->event);
                                 worker->event = NULL;
                         }
                         if (worker->state != WORKER_KILLED)
@@ -603,8 +625,7 @@ static void worker_returned(int fd_worker)
 }
 
 /* receive the udevd message from userspace */
-static struct udev_ctrl_connection *handle_ctrl_msg(struct udev_ctrl *uctrl)
-{
+static struct udev_ctrl_connection *handle_ctrl_msg(struct udev_ctrl *uctrl) {
         struct udev *udev = udev_ctrl_get_udev(uctrl);
         struct udev_ctrl_connection *ctrl_conn;
         struct udev_ctrl_msg *ctrl_msg = NULL;
@@ -621,24 +642,24 @@ static struct udev_ctrl_connection *handle_ctrl_msg(struct udev_ctrl *uctrl)
 
         i = udev_ctrl_get_set_log_level(ctrl_msg);
         if (i >= 0) {
-                log_debug("udevd message (SET_LOG_PRIORITY) received, log_priority=%i\n", i);
+                log_debug("udevd message (SET_LOG_LEVEL) received, log_priority=%i", i);
                 log_set_max_level(i);
                 udev_set_log_priority(udev, i);
                 worker_kill(udev);
         }
 
         if (udev_ctrl_get_stop_exec_queue(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
-                log_debug("udevd message (STOP_EXEC_QUEUE) received\n");
+                log_debug("udevd message (STOP_EXEC_QUEUE) received");
                 stop_exec_queue = true;
         }
 
         if (udev_ctrl_get_start_exec_queue(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
-                log_debug("udevd message (START_EXEC_QUEUE) received\n");
+                log_debug("udevd message (START_EXEC_QUEUE) received");
                 stop_exec_queue = false;
         }
 
         if (udev_ctrl_get_reload(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
-                log_debug("udevd message (RELOAD) received\n");
+                log_debug("udevd message (RELOAD) received");
                 reload = true;
         }
 
@@ -655,14 +676,14 @@ static struct udev_ctrl_connection *handle_ctrl_msg(struct udev_ctrl *uctrl)
                                 val[0] = '\0';
                                 val = &val[1];
                                 if (val[0] == '\0') {
-                                        log_debug("udevd message (ENV) received, unset '%s'\n", key);
+                                        log_debug("udevd message (ENV) received, unset '%s'", key);
                                         udev_add_property(udev, key, NULL);
                                 } else {
-                                        log_debug("udevd message (ENV) received, set '%s=%s'\n", key, val);
+                                        log_debug("udevd message (ENV) received, set '%s=%s'", key, val);
                                         udev_add_property(udev, key, val);
                                 }
                         } else {
-                                log_error("wrong key format '%s'\n", key);
+                                log_error("wrong key format '%s'", key);
                         }
                         free(key);
                 }
@@ -671,15 +692,15 @@ static struct udev_ctrl_connection *handle_ctrl_msg(struct udev_ctrl *uctrl)
 
         i = udev_ctrl_get_set_children_max(ctrl_msg);
         if (i >= 0) {
-                log_debug("udevd message (SET_MAX_CHILDREN) received, children_max=%i\n", i);
-                children_max = i;
+                log_debug("udevd message (SET_MAX_CHILDREN) received, children_max=%i", i);
+                arg_children_max = i;
         }
 
         if (udev_ctrl_get_ping(ctrl_msg) > 0)
-                log_debug("udevd message (SYNC) received\n");
+                log_debug("udevd message (SYNC) received");
 
         if (udev_ctrl_get_exit(ctrl_msg) > 0) {
-                log_debug("udevd message (EXIT) received\n");
+                log_debug("udevd message (EXIT) received");
                 udev_exit = true;
                 /* keep reference to block the client until we exit */
                 udev_ctrl_connection_ref(ctrl_conn);
@@ -689,20 +710,124 @@ out:
         return udev_ctrl_connection_unref(ctrl_conn);
 }
 
-/* read inotify messages */
-static int handle_inotify(struct udev *udev)
-{
+static int synthesize_change(struct udev_device *dev) {
+        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
+        int r;
+
+        if (streq_ptr("block", udev_device_get_subsystem(dev)) &&
+            streq_ptr("disk", udev_device_get_devtype(dev)) &&
+            !startswith(udev_device_get_sysname(dev), "dm-")) {
+                bool part_table_read = false;
+                bool has_partitions = false;
+                int fd;
+                struct udev *udev = udev_device_get_udev(dev);
+                _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
+                struct udev_list_entry *item;
+
+                /*
+                 * Try to re-read the partition table. This only succeeds if
+                 * none of the devices is busy. The kernel returns 0 if no
+                 * partition table is found, and we will not get an event for
+                 * the disk.
+                 */
+                fd = open(udev_device_get_devnode(dev), O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NONBLOCK);
+                if (fd >= 0) {
+                        r = flock(fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                r = ioctl(fd, BLKRRPART, 0);
+
+                        close(fd);
+                        if (r >= 0)
+                                part_table_read = true;
+                }
+
+                /* search for partitions */
+                e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
+                if (!e)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                r = udev_enumerate_add_match_parent(e, dev);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(e, "block");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                udev_list_entry_foreach(item, udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e)) {
+                        _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
+
+                        d = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
+                        if (!d)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!streq_ptr("partition", udev_device_get_devtype(d)))
+                                continue;
+
+                        has_partitions = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                 * We have partitions and re-read the table, the kernel already sent
+                 * out a "change" event for the disk, and "remove/add" for all
+                 * partitions.
+                 */
+                if (part_table_read && has_partitions)
+                        return 0;
+
+                /*
+                 * We have partitions but re-reading the partition table did not
+                 * work, synthesize "change" for the disk and all partitions.
+                 */
+                log_debug("device %s closed, synthesising 'change'", udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
+                strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), "/uevent", NULL);
+                write_string_file(filename, "change");
+
+                udev_list_entry_foreach(item, udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e)) {
+                        _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
+
+                        d = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
+                        if (!d)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (!streq_ptr("partition", udev_device_get_devtype(d)))
+                                continue;
+
+                        log_debug("device %s closed, synthesising partition '%s' 'change'",
+                                  udev_device_get_devnode(dev), udev_device_get_devnode(d));
+                        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device_get_syspath(d), "/uevent", NULL);
+                        write_string_file(filename, "change");
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("device %s closed, synthesising 'change'", udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
+        strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), "/uevent", NULL);
+        write_string_file(filename, "change");
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_inotify(struct udev *udev) {
         int nbytes, pos;
         char *buf;
         struct inotify_event *ev;
+        int r;
 
-        if ((ioctl(fd_inotify, FIONREAD, &nbytes) < 0) || (nbytes <= 0))
-                return 0;
+        r = ioctl(fd_inotify, FIONREAD, &nbytes);
+        if (r < 0 || nbytes <= 0)
+                return -errno;
 
         buf = malloc(nbytes);
-        if (buf == NULL) {
-                log_error("error getting buffer for inotify\n");
-                return -1;
+        if (!buf) {
+                log_error("error getting buffer for inotify");
+                return -ENOMEM;
         }
 
         nbytes = read(fd_inotify, buf, nbytes);
@@ -712,35 +837,23 @@ static int handle_inotify(struct udev *udev)
 
                 ev = (struct inotify_event *)(buf + pos);
                 dev = udev_watch_lookup(udev, ev->wd);
-                if (dev != NULL) {
-                        log_debug("inotify event: %x for %s\n", ev->mask, udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
-                        if (ev->mask & IN_CLOSE_WRITE) {
-                                char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-                                int fd;
-
-                                log_debug("device %s closed, synthesising 'change'\n", udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
-                                util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), udev_device_get_syspath(dev), "/uevent", NULL);
-                                fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY);
-                                if (fd >= 0) {
-                                        if (write(fd, "change", 6) < 0)
-                                                log_debug("error writing uevent: %m\n");
-                                        close(fd);
-                                }
-                        }
-                        if (ev->mask & IN_IGNORED)
-                                udev_watch_end(udev, dev);
+                if (!dev)
+                        continue;
 
-                        udev_device_unref(dev);
-                }
+                log_debug("inotify event: %x for %s", ev->mask, udev_device_get_devnode(dev));
+                if (ev->mask & IN_CLOSE_WRITE)
+                        synthesize_change(dev);
+                else if (ev->mask & IN_IGNORED)
+                        udev_watch_end(udev, dev);
 
+                udev_device_unref(dev);
         }
 
         free(buf);
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void handle_signal(struct udev *udev, int signo)
-{
+static void handle_signal(struct udev *udev, int signo) {
         switch (signo) {
         case SIGINT:
         case SIGTERM:
@@ -761,28 +874,30 @@ static void handle_signal(struct udev *udev, int signo)
 
                                 if (worker->pid != pid)
                                         continue;
-                                log_debug("worker [%u] exit\n", pid);
+                                log_debug("worker [%u] exit", pid);
 
                                 if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
                                         if (WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
-                                                log_error("worker [%u] exit with return code %i\n", pid, WEXITSTATUS(status));
+                                                log_error("worker [%u] exit with return code %i",
+                                                          pid, WEXITSTATUS(status));
                                 } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
-                                        log_error("worker [%u] terminated by signal %i (%s)\n",
-                                            pid, WTERMSIG(status), strsignal(WTERMSIG(status)));
+                                        log_error("worker [%u] terminated by signal %i (%s)",
+                                                  pid, WTERMSIG(status), strsignal(WTERMSIG(status)));
                                 } else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
-                                        log_error("worker [%u] stopped\n", pid);
+                                        log_error("worker [%u] stopped", pid);
                                 } else if (WIFCONTINUED(status)) {
-                                        log_error("worker [%u] continued\n", pid);
+                                        log_error("worker [%u] continued", pid);
                                 } else {
-                                        log_error("worker [%u] exit with status 0x%04x\n", pid, status);
+                                        log_error("worker [%u] exit with status 0x%04x", pid, status);
                                 }
 
                                 if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
                                         if (worker->event) {
-                                                log_error("worker [%u] failed while handling '%s'\n",
+                                                log_error("worker [%u] failed while handling '%s'",
                                                           pid, worker->event->devpath);
                                                 worker->event->exitcode = -32;
-                                                event_queue_delete(worker->event, true);
+                                                event_queue_delete(worker->event);
+
                                                 /* drop reference taken for state 'running' */
                                                 worker_unref(worker);
                                         }
@@ -798,182 +913,7 @@ static void handle_signal(struct udev *udev, int signo)
         }
 }
 
-static void static_dev_create_from_modules(struct udev *udev)
-{
-        struct utsname kernel;
-        char modules[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        char buf[4096];
-        FILE *f;
-
-        uname(&kernel);
-        util_strscpyl(modules, sizeof(modules), ROOTPREFIX "/lib/modules/", kernel.release, "/modules.devname", NULL);
-        f = fopen(modules, "re");
-        if (f == NULL)
-                return;
-
-        while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f) != NULL) {
-                char *s;
-                const char *modname;
-                const char *devname;
-                const char *devno;
-                int maj, min;
-                char type;
-                mode_t mode;
-                char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-                if (buf[0] == '#')
-                        continue;
-
-                modname = buf;
-                s = strchr(modname, ' ');
-                if (s == NULL)
-                        continue;
-                s[0] = '\0';
-
-                devname = &s[1];
-                s = strchr(devname, ' ');
-                if (s == NULL)
-                        continue;
-                s[0] = '\0';
-
-                devno = &s[1];
-                s = strchr(devno, ' ');
-                if (s == NULL)
-                        s = strchr(devno, '\n');
-                if (s != NULL)
-                        s[0] = '\0';
-                if (sscanf(devno, "%c%u:%u", &type, &maj, &min) != 3)
-                        continue;
-
-                mode  = 0600;
-                if (type == 'c')
-                        mode |= S_IFCHR;
-                else if (type == 'b')
-                        mode |= S_IFBLK;
-                else
-                        continue;
-
-                util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/", devname, NULL);
-                mkdir_parents_label(filename, 0755);
-                label_context_set(filename, mode);
-                log_debug("mknod '%s' %c%u:%u\n", filename, type, maj, min);
-                if (mknod(filename, mode, makedev(maj, min)) < 0 && errno == EEXIST)
-                        utimensat(AT_FDCWD, filename, NULL, 0);
-                label_context_clear();
-        }
-
-        fclose(f);
-}
-
-static int mem_size_mb(void)
-{
-        FILE *f;
-        char buf[4096];
-        long int memsize = -1;
-
-        f = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "re");
-        if (f == NULL)
-                return -1;
-
-        while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f) != NULL) {
-                long int value;
-
-                if (sscanf(buf, "MemTotal: %ld kB", &value) == 1) {
-                        memsize = value / 1024;
-                        break;
-                }
-        }
-
-        fclose(f);
-        return memsize;
-}
-
-static int convert_db(struct udev *udev)
-{
-        char filename[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-        struct udev_enumerate *udev_enumerate;
-        struct udev_list_entry *list_entry;
-
-        /* current database */
-        if (access("/run/udev/data", F_OK) >= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        /* make sure we do not get here again */
-        mkdir_p("/run/udev/data", 0755);
-
-        /* old database */
-        util_strscpyl(filename, sizeof(filename), "/dev/.udev/db", NULL);
-        if (access(filename, F_OK) < 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        print_kmsg("converting old udev database\n");
-
-        udev_enumerate = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
-        if (udev_enumerate == NULL)
-                return -1;
-        udev_enumerate_scan_devices(udev_enumerate);
-        udev_list_entry_foreach(list_entry, udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(udev_enumerate)) {
-                struct udev_device *device;
-
-                device = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(list_entry));
-                if (device == NULL)
-                        continue;
-
-                /* try to find the old database for devices without a current one */
-                if (udev_device_read_db(device, NULL) < 0) {
-                        bool have_db;
-                        const char *id;
-                        struct stat stats;
-                        char devpath[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-                        char from[UTIL_PATH_SIZE];
-
-                        have_db = false;
-
-                        /* find database in old location */
-                        id = udev_device_get_id_filename(device);
-                        util_strscpyl(from, sizeof(from), "/dev/.udev/db/", id, NULL);
-                        if (lstat(from, &stats) == 0) {
-                                if (!have_db) {
-                                        udev_device_read_db(device, from);
-                                        have_db = true;
-                                }
-                                unlink(from);
-                        }
-
-                        /* find old database with $subsys:$sysname name */
-                        util_strscpyl(from, sizeof(from), "/dev/.udev/db/",
-                                      udev_device_get_subsystem(device), ":", udev_device_get_sysname(device), NULL);
-                        if (lstat(from, &stats) == 0) {
-                                if (!have_db) {
-                                        udev_device_read_db(device, from);
-                                        have_db = true;
-                                }
-                                unlink(from);
-                        }
-
-                        /* find old database with the encoded devpath name */
-                        util_path_encode(udev_device_get_devpath(device), devpath, sizeof(devpath));
-                        util_strscpyl(from, sizeof(from), "/dev/.udev/db/", devpath, NULL);
-                        if (lstat(from, &stats) == 0) {
-                                if (!have_db) {
-                                        udev_device_read_db(device, from);
-                                        have_db = true;
-                                }
-                                unlink(from);
-                        }
-
-                        /* write out new database */
-                        if (have_db)
-                                udev_device_update_db(device);
-                }
-                udev_device_unref(device);
-        }
-        udev_enumerate_unref(udev_enumerate);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int systemd_fds(struct udev *udev, int *rctrl, int *rnetlink)
-{
+static int systemd_fds(struct udev *udev, int *rctrl, int *rnetlink) {
         int ctrl = -1, netlink = -1;
         int fd, n;
 
@@ -1002,7 +942,7 @@ static int systemd_fds(struct udev *udev, int *rctrl, int *rnetlink)
         if (ctrl < 0 || netlink < 0)
                 return -1;
 
-        log_debug("ctrl=%i netlink=%i\n", ctrl, netlink);
+        log_debug("ctrl=%i netlink=%i", ctrl, netlink);
         *rctrl = ctrl;
         *rnetlink = netlink;
         return 0;
@@ -1014,18 +954,22 @@ static int systemd_fds(struct udev *udev, int *rctrl, int *rnetlink)
  *   udev.children-max=<number of workers>  events are fully serialized if set to 1
  *   udev.exec-delay=<number of seconds>    delay execution of every executed program
  */
-static void kernel_cmdline_options(struct udev *udev)
-{
-        char *line, *w, *state;
+static void kernel_cmdline_options(struct udev *udev) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        const char *word, *state;
         size_t l;
+        int r;
 
-        if (read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line) < 0)
+        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+        if (r <= 0)
                 return;
 
-        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
+        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
                 char *s, *opt;
 
-                s = strndup(w, l);
+                s = strndup(word, l);
                 if (!s)
                         break;
 
@@ -1035,128 +979,191 @@ static void kernel_cmdline_options(struct udev *udev)
                 else
                         opt = s;
 
-                if (startswith(opt, "udev.log-priority="))
-                        udev_set_log_priority(udev, util_log_priority(opt + 18));
-
-                if (startswith(opt, "udev.children-max="))
-                        children_max = strtoul(opt + 18, NULL, 0);
-
-                if (startswith(opt, "udev.exec-delay="))
-                        exec_delay = strtoul(opt + 16, NULL, 0);
+                if (startswith(opt, "udev.log-priority=")) {
+                        int prio;
+
+                        prio = util_log_priority(opt + 18);
+                        log_set_max_level(prio);
+                        udev_set_log_priority(udev, prio);
+                } else if (startswith(opt, "udev.children-max=")) {
+                        r = safe_atoi(opt + 18, &arg_children_max);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid udev.children-max ignored: %s", opt + 18);
+                } else if (startswith(opt, "udev.exec-delay=")) {
+                        r = safe_atoi(opt + 16, &arg_exec_delay);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid udev.exec-delay ignored: %s", opt + 16);
+                } else if (startswith(opt, "udev.event-timeout=")) {
+                        r = safe_atou64(opt + 16, &arg_event_timeout_usec);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_warning("Invalid udev.event-timeout ignored: %s", opt + 16);
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        arg_event_timeout_usec *= USEC_PER_SEC;
+                        arg_event_timeout_warn_usec = (arg_event_timeout_usec / 3) ? : 1;
+                }
 
                 free(s);
         }
+}
 
-        free(line);
+static void help(void) {
+        printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
+               "Manages devices.\n\n"
+               "  --daemon\n"
+               "  --debug\n"
+               "  --children-max=<maximum number of workers>\n"
+               "  --exec-delay=<seconds to wait before executing RUN=>\n"
+               "  --event-timeout=<seconds to wait before terminating an event>\n"
+               "  --resolve-names=early|late|never\n"
+               "  --version\n"
+               "  --help\n"
+               , program_invocation_short_name);
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-        struct udev *udev;
-        sigset_t mask;
-        int daemonize = false;
-        int resolve_names = 1;
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         static const struct option options[] = {
-                { "daemon", no_argument, NULL, 'd' },
-                { "debug", no_argument, NULL, 'D' },
-                { "children-max", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
-                { "exec-delay", required_argument, NULL, 'e' },
-                { "resolve-names", required_argument, NULL, 'N' },
-                { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
-                { "version", no_argument, NULL, 'V' },
+                { "daemon",             no_argument,            NULL, 'd' },
+                { "debug",              no_argument,            NULL, 'D' },
+                { "children-max",       required_argument,      NULL, 'c' },
+                { "exec-delay",         required_argument,      NULL, 'e' },
+                { "event-timeout",      required_argument,      NULL, 't' },
+                { "resolve-names",      required_argument,      NULL, 'N' },
+                { "help",               no_argument,            NULL, 'h' },
+                { "version",            no_argument,            NULL, 'V' },
                 {}
         };
-        int fd_ctrl = -1;
-        int fd_netlink = -1;
-        int fd_worker = -1;
-        struct epoll_event ep_ctrl, ep_inotify, ep_signal, ep_netlink, ep_worker;
-        struct udev_ctrl_connection *ctrl_conn = NULL;
-        int rc = 1;
 
-        udev = udev_new();
-        if (udev == NULL)
-                goto exit;
+        int c;
 
-        log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
-        log_parse_environment();
-        log_open();
-        udev_set_log_fn(udev, udev_main_log);
-        log_debug("version %s\n", VERSION);
-        label_init("/dev");
+        assert(argc >= 0);
+        assert(argv);
 
-        for (;;) {
-                int option;
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:de:DtN:hV", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+                int r;
 
-                option = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:deDtN:hV", options, NULL);
-                if (option == -1)
-                        break;
+                switch (c) {
 
-                switch (option) {
                 case 'd':
-                        daemonize = true;
+                        arg_daemonize = true;
                         break;
                 case 'c':
-                        children_max = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
+                        r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_children_max);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid --children-max ignored: %s", optarg);
                         break;
                 case 'e':
-                        exec_delay = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 0);
+                        r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_exec_delay);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid --exec-delay ignored: %s", optarg);
+                        break;
+                case 't':
+                        r = safe_atou64(optarg, &arg_event_timeout_usec);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Invalid --event-timeout ignored: %s", optarg);
+                        else {
+                                arg_event_timeout_usec *= USEC_PER_SEC;
+                                arg_event_timeout_warn_usec = (arg_event_timeout_usec / 3) ? : 1;
+                        }
                         break;
                 case 'D':
-                        debug = true;
-                        log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
-                        udev_set_log_priority(udev, LOG_INFO);
+                        arg_debug = true;
                         break;
                 case 'N':
-                        if (strcmp (optarg, "early") == 0) {
-                                resolve_names = 1;
-                        } else if (strcmp (optarg, "late") == 0) {
-                                resolve_names = 0;
-                        } else if (strcmp (optarg, "never") == 0) {
-                                resolve_names = -1;
+                        if (streq(optarg, "early")) {
+                                arg_resolve_names = 1;
+                        } else if (streq(optarg, "late")) {
+                                arg_resolve_names = 0;
+                        } else if (streq(optarg, "never")) {
+                                arg_resolve_names = -1;
                         } else {
-                                fprintf(stderr, "resolve-names must be early, late or never\n");
-                                log_error("resolve-names must be early, late or never\n");
-                                goto exit;
+                                log_error("resolve-names must be early, late or never");
+                                return 0;
                         }
                         break;
                 case 'h':
-                        printf("Usage: udevd OPTIONS\n"
-                               "  --daemon\n"
-                               "  --debug\n"
-                               "  --children-max=<maximum number of workers>\n"
-                               "  --exec-delay=<seconds to wait before executing RUN=>\n"
-                               "  --resolve-names=early|late|never\n"
-                               "  --version\n"
-                               "  --help\n"
-                               "\n");
-                        goto exit;
+                        help();
+                        return 0;
                 case 'V':
                         printf("%s\n", VERSION);
-                        goto exit;
+                        return 0;
+                case '?':
+                        return -EINVAL;
                 default:
-                        goto exit;
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+
                 }
         }
 
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+        struct udev *udev;
+        sigset_t mask;
+        int fd_ctrl = -1;
+        int fd_netlink = -1;
+        int fd_worker = -1;
+        struct epoll_event ep_ctrl = { .events = EPOLLIN };
+        struct epoll_event ep_inotify = { .events = EPOLLIN };
+        struct epoll_event ep_signal = { .events = EPOLLIN };
+        struct epoll_event ep_netlink = { .events = EPOLLIN };
+        struct epoll_event ep_worker = { .events = EPOLLIN };
+        struct udev_ctrl_connection *ctrl_conn = NULL;
+        int rc = 1, r;
+
+        udev = udev_new();
+        if (udev == NULL)
+                goto exit;
+
+        log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_AUTO);
+        log_parse_environment();
+        log_open();
+
+        udev_set_log_fn(udev, udev_main_log);
+        log_set_max_level(udev_get_log_priority(udev));
+
+        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                goto exit;
+
         kernel_cmdline_options(udev);
 
+        if (arg_debug) {
+                log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
+                udev_set_log_priority(udev, LOG_DEBUG);
+        }
+
         if (getuid() != 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "root privileges required\n");
-                log_error("root privileges required\n");
+                log_error("root privileges required");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
+        r = label_init("/dev");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("could not initialize labelling: %s", strerror(-r));
                 goto exit;
         }
 
         /* set umask before creating any file/directory */
-        chdir("/");
+        r = chdir("/");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("could not change dir to /: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
+
         umask(022);
 
-        mkdir("/run/udev", 0755);
+        r = mkdir("/run/udev", 0755);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("could not create /run/udev: %m");
+                goto exit;
+        }
 
-        dev_setup();
-        static_dev_create_from_modules(udev);
+        dev_setup(NULL);
 
         /* before opening new files, make sure std{in,out,err} fds are in a sane state */
-        if (daemonize) {
+        if (arg_daemonize) {
                 int fd;
 
                 fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
@@ -1168,13 +1175,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                         if (fd > STDERR_FILENO)
                                 close(fd);
                 } else {
-                        fprintf(stderr, "cannot open /dev/null\n");
-                        log_error("cannot open /dev/null\n");
+                        log_error("cannot open /dev/null");
                 }
         }
 
         if (systemd_fds(udev, &fd_ctrl, &fd_netlink) >= 0) {
-                /* get control and netlink socket from from systemd */
+                /* get control and netlink socket from systemd */
                 udev_ctrl = udev_ctrl_new_from_fd(udev, fd_ctrl);
                 if (udev_ctrl == NULL) {
                         log_error("error taking over udev control socket");
@@ -1184,19 +1190,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                 monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink_fd(udev, "kernel", fd_netlink);
                 if (monitor == NULL) {
-                        log_error("error taking over netlink socket\n");
+                        log_error("error taking over netlink socket");
                         rc = 3;
                         goto exit;
                 }
 
                 /* get our own cgroup, we regularly kill everything udev has left behind */
-                if (cg_get_by_pid(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 0, &udev_cgroup) < 0)
+                if (cg_pid_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 0, &udev_cgroup) < 0)
                         udev_cgroup = NULL;
         } else {
                 /* open control and netlink socket */
                 udev_ctrl = udev_ctrl_new(udev);
                 if (udev_ctrl == NULL) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, "error initializing udev control socket");
                         log_error("error initializing udev control socket");
                         rc = 1;
                         goto exit;
@@ -1205,8 +1210,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                 monitor = udev_monitor_new_from_netlink(udev, "kernel");
                 if (monitor == NULL) {
-                        fprintf(stderr, "error initializing netlink socket\n");
-                        log_error("error initializing netlink socket\n");
+                        log_error("error initializing netlink socket");
                         rc = 3;
                         goto exit;
                 }
@@ -1214,29 +1218,34 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         }
 
         if (udev_monitor_enable_receiving(monitor) < 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "error binding netlink socket\n");
-                log_error("error binding netlink socket\n");
+                log_error("error binding netlink socket");
                 rc = 3;
                 goto exit;
         }
 
         if (udev_ctrl_enable_receiving(udev_ctrl) < 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "error binding udev control socket\n");
-                log_error("error binding udev control socket\n");
+                log_error("error binding udev control socket");
                 rc = 1;
                 goto exit;
         }
 
-        udev_monitor_set_receive_buffer_size(monitor, 128*1024*1024);
+        udev_monitor_set_receive_buffer_size(monitor, 128 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+        log_info("starting version " VERSION "\n");
+
+        udev_builtin_init(udev);
 
-        /* create queue file before signalling 'ready', to make sure we block 'settle' */
-        udev_queue_export = udev_queue_export_new(udev);
-        if (udev_queue_export == NULL) {
-                log_error("error creating queue file\n");
+        rules = udev_rules_new(udev, arg_resolve_names);
+        if (rules == NULL) {
+                log_error("error reading rules");
                 goto exit;
         }
 
-        if (daemonize) {
+        rc = udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(rules);
+        if (rc < 0)
+                log_error("failed to apply permissions on static device nodes - %s", strerror(-rc));
+
+        if (arg_daemonize) {
                 pid_t pid;
 
                 pid = fork();
@@ -1244,7 +1253,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                 case 0:
                         break;
                 case -1:
-                        log_error("fork of daemon failed: %m\n");
+                        log_error("fork of daemon failed: %m");
                         rc = 4;
                         goto exit;
                 default:
@@ -1254,29 +1263,28 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                 setsid();
 
-                write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", "-1000");
+                write_string_file("/proc/self/oom_score_adj", "-1000");
         } else {
                 sd_notify(1, "READY=1");
         }
 
-        print_kmsg("starting version " VERSION "\n");
+        if (arg_children_max <= 0) {
+                cpu_set_t cpu_set;
 
-        if (!debug) {
-                int fd;
+                arg_children_max = 8;
 
-                fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
-                if (fd >= 0) {
-                        dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
-                        dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
-                        dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
-                        close(fd);
+                if (sched_getaffinity(0, sizeof (cpu_set), &cpu_set) == 0) {
+                        arg_children_max +=  CPU_COUNT(&cpu_set) * 2;
                 }
         }
+        log_debug("set children_max to %u", arg_children_max);
+
+        udev_list_node_init(&event_list);
+        udev_list_node_init(&worker_list);
 
         fd_inotify = udev_watch_init(udev);
         if (fd_inotify < 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "error initializing inotify\n");
-                log_error("error initializing inotify\n");
+                log_error("error initializing inotify");
                 rc = 4;
                 goto exit;
         }
@@ -1287,52 +1295,28 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
         sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, &sigmask_orig);
         fd_signal = signalfd(-1, &mask, SFD_NONBLOCK|SFD_CLOEXEC);
         if (fd_signal < 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "error creating signalfd\n");
-                log_error("error creating signalfd\n");
+                log_error("error creating signalfd");
                 rc = 5;
                 goto exit;
         }
 
         /* unnamed socket from workers to the main daemon */
         if (socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, worker_watch) < 0) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "error creating socketpair\n");
-                log_error("error creating socketpair\n");
+                log_error("error creating socketpair");
                 rc = 6;
                 goto exit;
         }
         fd_worker = worker_watch[READ_END];
 
-        udev_builtin_init(udev);
-
-        rules = udev_rules_new(udev, resolve_names);
-        if (rules == NULL) {
-                log_error("error reading rules\n");
-                goto exit;
-        }
-
-        memset(&ep_ctrl, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
-        ep_ctrl.events = EPOLLIN;
         ep_ctrl.data.fd = fd_ctrl;
-
-        memset(&ep_inotify, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
-        ep_inotify.events = EPOLLIN;
         ep_inotify.data.fd = fd_inotify;
-
-        memset(&ep_signal, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
-        ep_signal.events = EPOLLIN;
         ep_signal.data.fd = fd_signal;
-
-        memset(&ep_netlink, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
-        ep_netlink.events = EPOLLIN;
         ep_netlink.data.fd = fd_netlink;
-
-        memset(&ep_worker, 0, sizeof(struct epoll_event));
-        ep_worker.events = EPOLLIN;
         ep_worker.data.fd = fd_worker;
 
         fd_ep = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
         if (fd_ep < 0) {
-                log_error("error creating epoll fd: %m\n");
+                log_error("error creating epoll fd: %m");
                 goto exit;
         }
         if (epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_ctrl, &ep_ctrl) < 0 ||
@@ -1340,31 +1324,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
             epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_signal, &ep_signal) < 0 ||
             epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_netlink, &ep_netlink) < 0 ||
             epoll_ctl(fd_ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd_worker, &ep_worker) < 0) {
-                log_error("fail to add fds to epoll: %m\n");
+                log_error("fail to add fds to epoll: %m");
                 goto exit;
         }
 
-        /* if needed, convert old database from earlier udev version */
-        convert_db(udev);
-
-        if (children_max <= 0) {
-                int memsize = mem_size_mb();
-
-                /* set value depending on the amount of RAM */
-                if (memsize > 0)
-                        children_max = 16 + (memsize / 8);
-                else
-                        children_max = 16;
-        }
-        log_debug("set children_max to %u\n", children_max);
-
-        udev_rules_apply_static_dev_perms(rules);
-
-        udev_list_node_init(&event_list);
-        udev_list_node_init(&worker_list);
-
         for (;;) {
-                static unsigned long long last_usec;
+                static usec_t last_usec;
                 struct epoll_event ev[8];
                 int fdcount;
                 int timeout;
@@ -1393,12 +1358,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                         worker_kill(udev);
 
                         /* exit after all has cleaned up */
-                        if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&event_list) && udev_list_node_is_empty(&worker_list))
+                        if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&event_list) && children == 0)
                                 break;
 
                         /* timeout at exit for workers to finish */
-                        timeout = 30 * 1000;
-                } else if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&event_list) && !children) {
+                        timeout = 30 * MSEC_PER_SEC;
+                } else if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&event_list) && children == 0) {
                         /* we are idle */
                         timeout = -1;
 
@@ -1407,8 +1372,20 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                                 cg_kill(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, udev_cgroup, SIGKILL, false, true, NULL);
                 } else {
                         /* kill idle or hanging workers */
-                        timeout = 3 * 1000;
+                        timeout = 3 * MSEC_PER_SEC;
+                }
+
+                /* tell settle that we are busy or idle */
+                if (!udev_list_node_is_empty(&event_list)) {
+                        int fd;
+
+                        fd = open("/run/udev/queue", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW, 0444);
+                        if (fd >= 0)
+                                close(fd);
+                } else {
+                        unlink("/run/udev/queue");
                 }
+
                 fdcount = epoll_wait(fd_ep, ev, ELEMENTSOF(ev), timeout);
                 if (fdcount < 0)
                         continue;
@@ -1418,36 +1395,41 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                         /* timeout */
                         if (udev_exit) {
-                                log_error("timeout, giving up waiting for workers to finish\n");
+                                log_error("timeout, giving up waiting for workers to finish");
                                 break;
                         }
 
                         /* kill idle workers */
                         if (udev_list_node_is_empty(&event_list)) {
-                                log_debug("cleanup idle workers\n");
+                                log_debug("cleanup idle workers");
                                 worker_kill(udev);
                         }
 
                         /* check for hanging events */
                         udev_list_node_foreach(loop, &worker_list) {
                                 struct worker *worker = node_to_worker(loop);
+                                usec_t ts;
 
                                 if (worker->state != WORKER_RUNNING)
                                         continue;
 
-                                if ((now_usec() - worker->event_start_usec) > 30 * 1000 * 1000) {
-                                        log_error("worker [%u] %s timeout; kill it\n", worker->pid,
-                                            worker->event ? worker->event->devpath : "<idle>");
-                                        kill(worker->pid, SIGKILL);
-                                        worker->state = WORKER_KILLED;
-                                        /* drop reference taken for state 'running' */
-                                        worker_unref(worker);
-                                        if (worker->event) {
-                                                log_error("seq %llu '%s' killed\n",
-                                                          udev_device_get_seqnum(worker->event->dev), worker->event->devpath);
+                                ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
+                                if ((ts - worker->event_start_usec) > arg_event_timeout_warn_usec) {
+                                        if ((ts - worker->event_start_usec) > arg_event_timeout_usec) {
+                                                log_error("worker [%u] %s timeout; kill it", worker->pid, worker->event->devpath);
+                                                kill(worker->pid, SIGKILL);
+                                                worker->state = WORKER_KILLED;
+
+                                                /* drop reference taken for state 'running' */
+                                                worker_unref(worker);
+                                                log_error("seq %llu '%s' killed", udev_device_get_seqnum(worker->event->dev), worker->event->devpath);
                                                 worker->event->exitcode = -64;
-                                                event_queue_delete(worker->event, true);
+                                                event_queue_delete(worker->event);
                                                 worker->event = NULL;
+                                        } else if (!worker->event_warned) {
+                                                log_warning("worker [%u] %s is taking a long time", worker->pid, worker->event->devpath);
+                                                worker->event_warned = true;
                                         }
                                 }
                         }
@@ -1469,13 +1451,13 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                 }
 
                 /* check for changed config, every 3 seconds at most */
-                if ((now_usec() - last_usec) > 3 * 1000 * 1000) {
+                if ((now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - last_usec) > 3 * USEC_PER_SEC) {
                         if (udev_rules_check_timestamp(rules))
                                 reload = true;
                         if (udev_builtin_validate(udev))
                                 reload = true;
 
-                        last_usec = now_usec();
+                        last_usec = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
                 }
 
                 /* reload requested, HUP signal received, rules changed, builtin changed */
@@ -1483,7 +1465,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
                         worker_kill(udev);
                         rules = udev_rules_unref(rules);
                         udev_builtin_exit(udev);
-                        reload = 0;
+                        reload = false;
                 }
 
                 /* event has finished */
@@ -1495,7 +1477,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                         dev = udev_monitor_receive_device(monitor);
                         if (dev != NULL) {
-                                udev_device_set_usec_initialized(dev, now_usec());
+                                udev_device_set_usec_initialized(dev, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
                                 if (event_queue_insert(dev) < 0)
                                         udev_device_unref(dev);
                         }
@@ -1503,8 +1485,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                 /* start new events */
                 if (!udev_list_node_is_empty(&event_list) && !udev_exit && !stop_exec_queue) {
+                        udev_builtin_init(udev);
                         if (rules == NULL)
-                                rules = udev_rules_new(udev, resolve_names);
+                                rules = udev_rules_new(udev, arg_resolve_names);
                         if (rules != NULL)
                                 event_queue_start(udev);
                 }
@@ -1541,8 +1524,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
         rc = EXIT_SUCCESS;
 exit:
-        udev_queue_export_cleanup(udev_queue_export);
         udev_ctrl_cleanup(udev_ctrl);
+        unlink("/run/udev/queue");
 exit_daemonize:
         if (fd_ep >= 0)
                 close(fd_ep);
@@ -1557,7 +1540,6 @@ exit_daemonize:
         if (worker_watch[WRITE_END] >= 0)
                 close(worker_watch[WRITE_END]);
         udev_monitor_unref(monitor);
-        udev_queue_export_unref(udev_queue_export);
         udev_ctrl_connection_unref(ctrl_conn);
         udev_ctrl_unref(udev_ctrl);
         label_finish();