chiark / gitweb /
systemctl: check if iterator was initialized succesfully
[elogind.git] / src / systemctl / systemctl.c
index 6ab92cebf0fd34b5ac60766358c34b08666462ee..99286cfc75b61eeceec6d00f7c8244cfd3344aee 100644 (file)
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <sys/reboot.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
+#include <locale.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@
 
 #include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
 #include <systemd/sd-shutdown.h>
+#include <systemd/sd-login.h>
 
 #include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -63,6 +65,8 @@
 #include "install.h"
 #include "logs-show.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
 
 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
 static const char *arg_load_state = NULL;
@@ -74,9 +78,9 @@ static bool arg_no_block = false;
 static bool arg_no_legend = false;
 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
-static bool arg_no_sync = false;
 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
+static bool arg_ignore_inhibitors = false;
 static bool arg_dry = false;
 static bool arg_quiet = false;
 static bool arg_full = false;
@@ -86,7 +90,6 @@ static bool arg_failed = false;
 static bool arg_runtime = false;
 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
-static const char *arg_kill_mode = NULL;
 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
@@ -100,6 +103,7 @@ static enum action {
         ACTION_EXIT,
         ACTION_SUSPEND,
         ACTION_HIBERNATE,
+        ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
@@ -113,18 +117,12 @@ static enum action {
         ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN,
         _ACTION_MAX
 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
-static enum dot {
-        DOT_ALL,
-        DOT_ORDER,
-        DOT_REQUIRE
-} arg_dot = DOT_ALL;
 static enum transport {
         TRANSPORT_NORMAL,
         TRANSPORT_SSH,
         TRANSPORT_POLKIT
 } arg_transport = TRANSPORT_NORMAL;
 static const char *arg_host = NULL;
-static bool arg_follow = false;
 static unsigned arg_lines = 10;
 static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
 
@@ -133,26 +131,8 @@ static bool private_bus = false;
 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args);
 static void halt_now(enum action a);
 
-static bool on_tty(void) {
-        static int t = -1;
-
-        /* Note that this is invoked relatively early, before we start
-         * the pager. That means the value we return reflects whether
-         * we originally were started on a tty, not if we currently
-         * are. But this is intended, since we want colour and so on
-         * when run in our own pager. */
-
-        if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
-                t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
-
-        return t;
-}
-
 static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
 
-        /* Cache result before we open the pager */
-        on_tty();
-
         if (arg_no_pager)
                 return;
 
@@ -187,35 +167,28 @@ static void polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
 }
 #endif
 
-static const char *ansi_highlight_red(bool b) {
+static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 
         if (!on_tty())
                 return "";
 
-        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
-static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
+static const char *ansi_highlight_red(bool b) {
 
         if (!on_tty())
                 return "";
 
-        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
-static bool error_is_no_service(const DBusError *error) {
-        assert(error);
-
-        if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
-                return false;
-
-        if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
-                return true;
+static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 
-        if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
-                return true;
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return "";
 
-        return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
@@ -248,33 +221,31 @@ static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 
 static void warn_wall(enum action a) {
         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
-                [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
-                [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
-                [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
-                [ACTION_KEXEC]     = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
-                [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
-                [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
+                [ACTION_HALT]            = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
+                [ACTION_REBOOT]          = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
+                [ACTION_POWEROFF]        = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
+                [ACTION_KEXEC]           = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
+                [ACTION_RESCUE]          = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
+                [ACTION_EMERGENCY]       = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!",
+                [ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN] = "The system shutdown has been cancelled NOW!"
         };
 
         if (arg_no_wall)
                 return;
 
         if (arg_wall) {
-                char *p;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p;
 
                 p = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
                 if (!p) {
-                        log_error("Failed to join strings.");
+                        log_oom();
                         return;
                 }
 
                 if (*p) {
                         utmp_wall(p, NULL);
-                        free(p);
                         return;
                 }
-
-                free(p);
         }
 
         if (!table[a])
@@ -300,19 +271,6 @@ static bool avoid_bus(void) {
         return false;
 }
 
-struct unit_info {
-        const char *id;
-        const char *description;
-        const char *load_state;
-        const char *active_state;
-        const char *sub_state;
-        const char *following;
-        const char *unit_path;
-        uint32_t job_id;
-        const char *job_type;
-        const char *job_path;
-};
-
 static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
         const char *d1, *d2;
         const struct unit_info *u = a, *v = b;
@@ -323,7 +281,8 @@ static int compare_unit_info(const void *a, const void *b) {
         if (d1 && d2) {
                 int r;
 
-                if ((r = strcasecmp(d1, d2)) != 0)
+                r = strcasecmp(d1, d2);
+                if (r != 0)
                         return r;
         }
 
@@ -346,6 +305,7 @@ static bool output_show_unit(const struct unit_info *u) {
 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
         unsigned id_len, max_id_len, active_len, sub_len, job_len, desc_len, n_shown = 0;
         const struct unit_info *u;
+        int job_count = 0;
 
         max_id_len = sizeof("UNIT")-1;
         active_len = sizeof("ACTIVE")-1;
@@ -360,14 +320,18 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
                 max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(u->id));
                 active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
                 sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
-                if (u->job_id != 0)
+                if (u->job_id != 0) {
                         job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
+                        job_count++;
+                }
         }
 
         if (!arg_full) {
                 unsigned basic_len;
                 id_len = MIN(max_id_len, 25);
-                basic_len = 5 + id_len + 6 + active_len + sub_len + job_len;
+                basic_len = 5 + id_len + 5 + active_len + sub_len;
+                if (job_count)
+                        basic_len += job_len + 1;
                 if (basic_len < (unsigned) columns()) {
                         unsigned extra_len, incr;
                         extra_len = columns() - basic_len;
@@ -387,23 +351,25 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
         } else
                 id_len = max_id_len;
 
-        if (!arg_no_legend) {
-                printf("%-*s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s ", id_len, "UNIT", "LOAD",
-                       active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
-                if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
-                        printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
-                else
-                        printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
-        }
-
         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
-                char *e;
+                char _cleanup_free_ *e = NULL;
                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
                 const char *on_active, *off_active;
 
                 if (!output_show_unit(u))
                         continue;
 
+                if (!n_shown && !arg_no_legend) {
+                        printf("%-*s %-6s %-*s %-*s ", id_len, "UNIT", "LOAD",
+                               active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB");
+                        if (job_count)
+                                printf("%-*s ", job_len, "JOB");
+                        if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
+                                printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
+                        else
+                                printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
+                }
+
                 n_shown++;
 
                 if (streq(u->load_state, "error")) {
@@ -420,68 +386,73 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
 
                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(u->id, id_len, 33);
 
-                printf("%-*s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s %-*s ",
+                printf("%-*s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s %-*s",
                        id_len, e ? e : u->id,
                        on_loaded, u->load_state, off_loaded,
                        on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
                        sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
-                       job_len, u->job_id ? u->job_type : "");
+                       job_count ? job_len + 1 : 0, u->job_id ? u->job_type : "");
                 if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
                         printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, u->description);
                 else
                         printf("%s\n", u->description);
-
-                free(e);
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_legend) {
-                printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
-                       "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
-                       "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
-                       "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
+                const char *on, *off;
+
+                if (n_shown) {
+                        printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
+                               "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
+                               "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n");
+                        if (job_count)
+                                printf("JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
+                        puts("");
+                        on = ansi_highlight(true);
+                        off = ansi_highlight(false);
+                } else {
+                        on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
+                        off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
+                }
 
                 if (arg_all)
-                        printf("\n%u units listed.\n", n_shown);
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
                 else
-                        printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", n_shown);
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
         }
 }
 
-static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+static int get_unit_list(DBusConnection *bus, DBusMessage **reply,
+                         struct unit_info **unit_infos, unsigned *c) {
+        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
+        unsigned n_units = 0;
         int r;
-        DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
-        unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
-        struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
 
         assert(bus);
+        assert(unit_infos);
+        assert(c);
 
-        pager_open_if_enabled();
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListUnits"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListUnits",
+                        reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(*reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
@@ -489,69 +460,47 @@ static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
                 struct unit_info *u;
 
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (c >= n_units) {
+                if (*c >= n_units) {
                         struct unit_info *w;
 
-                        n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
-                        w = realloc(unit_infos, sizeof(struct unit_info) * n_units);
-
-                        if (!w) {
-                                log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
+                        n_units = MAX(2 * *c, 16);
+                        w = realloc(*unit_infos, sizeof(struct unit_info) * n_units);
+                        if (!w)
+                                return log_oom();
 
-                        unit_infos = w;
+                        *unit_infos = w;
                 }
 
-                u = unit_infos+c;
-
-                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
+                u = *unit_infos + *c;
 
-                if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->id, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->description, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->load_state, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->active_state, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->sub_state, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->following, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->unit_path, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &u->job_id, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->job_type, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &u->job_path, false) < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                bus_parse_unit_info(&sub, u);
 
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
-                c++;
+                (*c)++;
         }
 
-        if (c > 0) {
-                qsort(unit_infos, c, sizeof(struct unit_info), compare_unit_info);
-                output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
-        }
+        if (*c > 0)
+                qsort(*unit_infos, *c, sizeof(struct unit_info), compare_unit_info);
 
-        r = 0;
+        return 0;
+}
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+        int r;
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        free(unit_infos);
+        r = get_unit_list(bus, &reply, &unit_infos, &c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        if (c > 0)
+                output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
 
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int compare_unit_file_list(const void *a, const void *b) {
@@ -605,7 +554,7 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
                 printf("%-*s %-*s\n", id_cols, "UNIT FILE", state_cols, "STATE");
 
         for (u = units; u < units + c; u++) {
-                char *e;
+                char _cleanup_free_ *e = NULL;
                 const char *on, *off;
                 const char *id;
 
@@ -616,7 +565,8 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
 
                 if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED ||
                     u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME ||
-                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED) {
+                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED ||
+                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_INVALID) {
                         on  = ansi_highlight_red(true);
                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
                 } else if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED) {
@@ -632,8 +582,6 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
                 printf("%-*s %s%-*s%s\n",
                        id_cols, e ? e : id,
                        on, state_cols, unit_file_state_to_string(u->state), off);
-
-                free(e);
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_legend)
@@ -641,14 +589,11 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
 }
 
 static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ UnitFileList *units = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
-        UnitFileList *units = NULL;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        int r;
 
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
@@ -658,10 +603,8 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 Iterator i;
 
                 h = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
-                if (!h) {
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
+                if (!h)
+                        return log_oom();
 
                 r = unit_file_get_list(arg_scope, arg_root, h);
                 if (r < 0) {
@@ -674,8 +617,7 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 units = new(UnitFileList, n_units);
                 if (!units) {
                         unit_file_list_free(h);
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        return log_oom();
                 }
 
                 HASHMAP_FOREACH(u, h, i) {
@@ -685,31 +627,23 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
                 hashmap_free(h);
         } else {
-                assert(bus);
-
-                m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                "ListUnitFiles");
-                if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
-
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                                "ListUnitFiles",
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
                     dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
@@ -718,36 +652,27 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                         UnitFileList *u;
                         const char *state;
 
-                        if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                                r = -EIO;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
+                        assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT);
 
                         if (c >= n_units) {
                                 UnitFileList *w;
 
                                 n_units = MAX(2*c, 16);
                                 w = realloc(units, sizeof(struct UnitFileList) * n_units);
-
-                                if (!w) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to allocate unit array.");
-                                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                                        goto finish;
-                                }
+                                if (!w)
+                                        return log_oom();
 
                                 units = w;
                         }
 
-                        u = units+c;
+                        u = units + c;
 
                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 
                         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &u->path, true) < 0 ||
                             bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, false) < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                                r = -EIO;
-                                goto finish;
+                                return -EIO;
                         }
 
                         u->state = unit_file_state_from_string(state);
@@ -762,119 +687,86 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 output_unit_file_list(units, c);
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        free(units);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
-static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
-        static const char * const colors[] = {
-                "Requires",              "[color=\"black\"]",
-                "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
-                "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
-                "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
-                "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
-                "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
-                "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
-                "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
-        };
-
-        const char *c = NULL;
-        unsigned i;
-
-        assert(name);
-        assert(prop);
-        assert(iter);
+static int list_dependencies_print(const char *name, int level, unsigned int branches, bool last) {
+        int i;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        size_t len = 0;
+        size_t max_len = MAX(columns(),20);
 
-        for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(colors); i += 2)
-                if (streq(colors[i], prop)) {
-                        c = colors[i+1];
-                        break;
+        for (i = level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+                len += 2;
+                if(len > max_len - 3 && !arg_full) {
+                        printf("%s...\n",max_len % 2 ? "" : " ");
+                        return 0;
                 }
-
-        if (!c)
+                printf("%s", draw_special_char(branches & (1 << i) ? DRAW_TREE_VERT : DRAW_TREE_SPACE));
+        }
+        len += 2;
+        if(len > max_len - 3 && !arg_full) {
+                printf("%s...\n",max_len % 2 ? "" : " ");
                 return 0;
+        }
+        printf("%s", draw_special_char(last ? DRAW_TREE_RIGHT : DRAW_TREE_BRANCH));
 
-        if (arg_dot != DOT_ALL)
-                if ((arg_dot == DOT_ORDER) != streq(prop, "After"))
-                        return 0;
-
-        switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
-
-        case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
-
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-                        DBusMessageIter sub;
-
-                        dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
-
-                        while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
-                                const char *s;
-
-                                assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
-                                dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
-                                printf("\t\"%s\"->\"%s\" %s;\n", name, s, c);
-
-                                dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
-                        }
-
-                        return 0;
-                }
+        if(arg_full){
+                printf("%s\n", name);
+                return 0;
         }
 
+        n = ellipsize(name, max_len-len, 100);
+        if(!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        printf("%s\n", n);
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+static int list_dependencies_get_dependencies(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, char ***deps) {
+        static const char dependencies[] =
+                "Requires\0"
+                "RequiresOverridable\0"
+                "Requisite\0"
+                "RequisiteOverridable\0"
+                "Wants\0";
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path;
         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
-        int r;
-        DBusError error;
-        DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 
-        assert(bus);
-        assert(path);
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_  DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        int r = 0;
+        char **ret = NULL;
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "GetAll"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(name);
+        assert(deps);
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
+        path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(name);
+        if (path == NULL) {
+                r = -EINVAL;
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                bus,
+                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                path,
+                "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                "GetAll",
+                &reply,
+                NULL,
+                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
-            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
-            dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
+                dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
+                dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
                 r = -EIO;
                 goto finish;
@@ -885,12 +777,7 @@ static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
                 const char *prop;
 
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
+                assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY);
                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 
                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &prop, true) < 0) {
@@ -899,163 +786,140 @@ static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
+                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
                         r = -EIO;
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
-
-                if (dot_one_property(name, prop, &sub3)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
-        }
 
-        r = 0;
+                if (!nulstr_contains(dependencies, prop))
+                        continue;
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                        if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub3) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
+                                DBusMessageIter sub4;
+                                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub3, &sub4);
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                                while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub4) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
+                                        const char *s;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                                        assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub4) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
+                                        dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub4, &s);
 
+                                        r = strv_extend(&ret, s);
+                                        if (r < 0) {
+                                                log_oom();
+                                                goto finish;
+                                        }
+
+                                        dbus_message_iter_next(&sub4);
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+finish:
+        if (r < 0)
+                strv_free(ret);
+        else
+                *deps = ret;
         return r;
 }
 
-static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
-        DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
+static int list_dependencies_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b) {
+        const char **a = (const char**) _a, **b = (const char**) _b;
+        if (unit_name_to_type(*a) == UNIT_TARGET && unit_name_to_type(*b) != UNIT_TARGET)
+                return 1;
+        if (unit_name_to_type(*a) != UNIT_TARGET && unit_name_to_type(*b) == UNIT_TARGET)
+                return -1;
+        return strcasecmp(*a, *b);
+}
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+static int list_dependencies_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, int level, char **units, unsigned int branches) {
+        char _cleanup_strv_free_ **deps = NULL, **u;
+        char **c;
+        int r = 0;
 
-        assert(bus);
+        u = strv_append(units, name);
+        if (!u)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListUnits"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
+        r = list_dependencies_get_dependencies(bus, name, &deps);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
-            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
-            dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
-                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        printf("digraph systemd {\n");
-
-        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
-        while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
-                const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *following, *unit_path;
+        qsort(deps, strv_length(deps), sizeof (char*), list_dependencies_compare);
 
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+        STRV_FOREACH(c, deps) {
+                if (strv_contains(u, *c)) {
+                        r = list_dependencies_print("...", level + 1, (branches << 1) | (c[1] == NULL ? 0 : 1), 1);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        continue;
                 }
 
-                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
+                r = list_dependencies_print(*c, level, branches, c[1] == NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-                if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &following, true) < 0 ||
-                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, true) < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                if (arg_all || unit_name_to_type(*c) == UNIT_TARGET) {
+                       r = list_dependencies_one(bus, *c, level + 1, u, (branches << 1) | (c[1] == NULL ? 0 : 1));
+                       if(r < 0)
+                               return r;
                 }
-
-                if ((r = dot_one(bus, id, unit_path)) < 0)
-                        goto finish;
-
-                /* printf("\t\"%s\";\n", id); */
-                dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
         }
 
-        printf("}\n");
-
-        log_info("   Color legend: black     = Requires\n"
-                 "                 dark blue = Requisite\n"
-                 "                 dark grey = Wants\n"
-                 "                 red       = Conflicts\n"
-                 "                 green     = After\n");
+        return 0;
+}
 
-        if (on_tty())
-                log_notice("-- You probably want to process this output with graphviz' dot tool.\n"
-                           "-- Try a shell pipeline like 'systemctl dot | dot -Tsvg > systemd.svg'!\n");
+static int list_dependencies(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *unit = NULL;
+        const char *u;
 
-        r = 0;
+        assert(bus);
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+        if (args[1]) {
+                unit = unit_name_mangle(args[1]);
+                if (!unit)
+                        return log_oom();
+                u = unit;
+        } else
+                u = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET;
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        puts(u);
 
-        return r;
+        return list_dependencies_one(bus, u, 0, NULL, 0);
 }
 
 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned k = 0;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
+        int r;
 
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListJobs"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListJobs",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
@@ -1066,12 +930,11 @@ static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
                 uint32_t id;
-                char *e;
+                char _cleanup_free_ *e = NULL;
 
                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
@@ -1083,13 +946,11 @@ static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(name, 25, 33);
                 printf("%4u %-25s %-15s %-7s\n", id, e ? e : name, type, state);
-                free(e);
 
                 k++;
 
@@ -1099,269 +960,155 @@ static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         if (on_tty())
                 printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
         char **name;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-                bool b;
-                char *n;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "LoadUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+                int r;
 
                 n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
-                b = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-                free(n);
-                if (!b) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                if (!n)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "LoadUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
         char **name;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
                 return daemon_reload(bus, args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                unsigned id;
-                const char *path;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "GetJob"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                uint32_t id;
+                int r;
 
-                if ((r = safe_atou(*name, &id)) < 0) {
+                r = safe_atou32(*name, &id);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      path,
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
-                                      "Cancel"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return r;
                 }
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "CancelJob",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
         const char
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
                 *path;
-        char *n;
-        bool k;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        int r;
 
         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "GetUnit");
-        if (!m)
-                goto finish;
-
         n = unit_name_mangle(unit);
-        k = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &unit,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-        free(n);
-        if (!k)
-                goto finish;
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL);
-        if (!reply)
-                goto finish;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
 
-        dbus_message_unref(m);
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        reply = NULL;
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                         path,
                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                        "Get");
-        if (!m)
-                goto finish;
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL);
-        if (!reply)
-                goto finish;
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
-
         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN)
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
 
         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         return b;
 }
 
 typedef struct WaitData {
         Set *set;
+
+        char *name;
         char *result;
 } WaitData;
 
 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusError _cleanup_dbus_error_free_ error;
         WaitData *d = data;
 
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
         assert(connection);
         assert(message);
         assert(d);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s",
                   dbus_message_get_interface(message),
                   dbus_message_get_member(message),
@@ -1374,7 +1121,6 @@ static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *me
         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
                 uint32_t id;
                 const char *path, *result, *unit;
-                dbus_bool_t success = true;
 
                 if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
@@ -1382,15 +1128,16 @@ static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *me
                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &result,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        char *p;
 
-                        p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
-                        free(p);
+                        free(set_remove(d->set, (char*) path));
 
-                        if (*result)
+                        if (!isempty(result))
                                 d->result = strdup(result);
 
-                        goto finish;
+                        if (!isempty(unit))
+                                d->name = strdup(unit);
+
+                        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
                 }
 #ifndef LEGACY
                 dbus_error_free(&error);
@@ -1399,47 +1146,21 @@ static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *me
                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &result,
                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        char *p;
-
                         /* Compatibility with older systemd versions <
                          * 183 during upgrades. This should be dropped
                          * one day. */
-                        p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
-                        free(p);
+                        free(set_remove(d->set, (char*) path));
 
                         if (*result)
                                 d->result = strdup(result);
 
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_error_free(&error);
-                if (dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
-                                          DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
-                                          DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                          DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
-                                          DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        char *p;
-
-                        /* Compatibility with older systemd versions <
-                         * 19 during upgrades. This should be dropped
-                         * one day */
-
-                        p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
-                        free(p);
-
-                        if (!success)
-                                d->result = strdup("failed");
-
-                        goto finish;
+                        return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
                 }
 #endif
 
                 log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
         }
 
-finish:
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
 }
 
@@ -1471,7 +1192,7 @@ static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
 }
 
 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
-        int r;
+        int r = 0;
         WaitData d;
 
         assert(bus);
@@ -1480,143 +1201,124 @@ static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
         zero(d);
         d.set = s;
 
-        if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
-                log_error("Failed to add filter.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL))
+                return log_oom();
 
-        while (!set_isempty(s) &&
-               dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
-                ;
+        while (!set_isempty(s)) {
 
-        if (!arg_quiet && d.result) {
-                if (streq(d.result, "timeout"))
-                        log_error("Job timed out.");
-                else if (streq(d.result, "canceled"))
-                        log_error("Job canceled.");
-                else if (streq(d.result, "dependency"))
-                        log_error("A dependency job failed. See system journal for details.");
-                else if (!streq(d.result, "done") && !streq(d.result, "skipped"))
-                        log_error("Job failed. See system journal and 'systemctl status' for details.");
-        }
+                if (!dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1)) {
+                        log_error("Disconnected from bus.");
+                        return -ECONNREFUSED;
+                }
 
-        if (streq_ptr(d.result, "timeout"))
-                r = -ETIME;
-        else if (streq_ptr(d.result, "canceled"))
-                r = -ECANCELED;
-        else if (!streq_ptr(d.result, "done") && !streq_ptr(d.result, "skipped"))
-                r = -EIO;
-        else
-                r = 0;
+                if (!d.result)
+                        goto free_name;
 
-        free(d.result);
+                if (!arg_quiet) {
+                        if (streq(d.result, "timeout"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s timed out.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (streq(d.result, "canceled"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s canceled.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (streq(d.result, "dependency"))
+                                log_error("A dependency job for %s failed. See 'journalctl -xn' for details.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (!streq(d.result, "done") && !streq(d.result, "skipped"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s failed. See 'systemctl status %s' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.", strna(d.name), strna(d.name));
+                }
 
-finish:
-        /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
+                if (streq_ptr(d.result, "timeout"))
+                        r = -ETIME;
+                else if (streq_ptr(d.result, "canceled"))
+                        r = -ECANCELED;
+                else if (!streq_ptr(d.result, "done") && !streq_ptr(d.result, "skipped"))
+                        r = -EIO;
 
+                free(d.result);
+                d.result = NULL;
+
+        free_name:
+                free(d.name);
+                d.name = NULL;
+        }
+
+        dbus_connection_remove_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d);
         return r;
 }
 
-static int check_one_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char *name, bool quiet) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+static int check_one_unit(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, char **check_states, bool quiet) {
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
         const char
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                 *property = "ActiveState";
-        const char *path = NULL;
-        const char *state;
-        int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
-        char *n;
-        bool b;
+        const char *state, *path;
+        DBusError error;
+        int r;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(name);
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "GetUnit");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
         n = unit_name_mangle(name);
-        b = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : &name,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-        free(n);
-        if (!b) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        &reply,
+                        &error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                dbus_error_free(&error);
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
                 if (!quiet)
                         puts("unknown");
-
-                goto finish;
+                return 0;
         }
 
-        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
+        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        dbus_message_unref(m);
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+        reply = NULL;
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (!quiet)
+                        puts("unknown");
+                return 0;
         }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return r;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 
         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return r;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
@@ -1624,73 +1326,88 @@ static int check_one_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char *name, bool quiet) {
         if (!quiet)
                 puts(state);
 
-        if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
-                r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return strv_find(check_states, state) ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
 static void check_triggering_units(
                 DBusConnection *bus,
                 const char *unit_name) {
 
-        DBusError error;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-        char *service_trigger = NULL;
         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
-                   *triggered_by_property = "TriggeredBy";
-
-        char *unit_path = NULL, *n = NULL;
+                   *load_state_property = "LoadState",
+                   *triggered_by_property = "TriggeredBy",
+                   *state;
+        char _cleanup_free_ *unit_path = NULL, *n = NULL;
         bool print_warning_label = true;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        int r;
 
         n = unit_name_mangle(unit_name);
-        unit_path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n ? n : unit_name);
-        free(n);
-        if (!unit_path) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate dbus path.");
-                goto finish;
+        if (!n) {
+                log_oom();
+                return;
         }
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call("org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                         unit_path,
-                                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                                         "Get");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                goto finish;
+        unit_path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n);
+        if (!unit_path) {
+                log_oom();
+                return;
         }
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &triggered_by_property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                goto finish;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        unit_path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state_property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return;
+
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return;
         }
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                goto finish;
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+
+        if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
+            log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+            return;
         }
 
+        dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
+
+        if (streq(state, "masked"))
+            return;
+
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        reply = NULL;
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        unit_path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &triggered_by_property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return;
+
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
-                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                goto finish;
-
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
@@ -1698,38 +1415,34 @@ static void check_triggering_units(
         sub = iter;
 
         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
-                int r;
+                const char * const check_states[] = {
+                        "active",
+                        "reloading",
+                        NULL
+                };
+                const char *service_trigger;
 
                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        goto finish;
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                        return;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &service_trigger);
 
-                r = check_one_unit(bus, service_trigger, true);
+                r = check_one_unit(bus, service_trigger, (char**) check_states, true);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        goto finish;
-                if (r == 0) {
+                        return;
+                if (r > 0) {
                         if (print_warning_label) {
                                 log_warning("Warning: Stopping %s, but it can still be activated by:", unit_name);
                                 print_warning_label = false;
                         }
+
                         log_warning("  %s", service_trigger);
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
         }
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        free(unit_path);
 }
 
 static int start_unit_one(
@@ -1740,150 +1453,108 @@ static int start_unit_one(
                 DBusError *error,
                 Set *s) {
 
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n;
         const char *path;
         int r;
-        char *n;
-        bool b;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(method);
         assert(name);
         assert(mode);
         assert(error);
-        assert(arg_no_block || s);
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                        method);
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
-        b = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char **) &n : &name,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-        free(n);
-        if (!b) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, error);
-        if (!reply) {
-
-                if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(error)) {
+                        method,
+                        &reply,
+                        error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r) {
+                if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
                          * legacy actions. */
                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                else
+                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
 
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return r;
         }
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
-        if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
-                log_warning("Warning: Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
-                            arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
+        if (need_daemon_reload(bus, n))
+                log_warning("Warning: Unit file of %s changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
+                            n, arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
 
-        if (!arg_no_block) {
+        if (s) {
                 char *p;
 
-                if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                p = strdup(path);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-                if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
+                r = set_put(s, p);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         free(p);
                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
-                        goto finish;
+                        return r;
                 }
         }
 
-        /* When stopping a unit warn if it can still be triggered by
-         * another active unit (socket, path, timer) */
-        if (!arg_quiet && streq(method, "StopUnit"))
-                check_triggering_units(bus, name);
-
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
+static const struct {
+        const char *target;
+        const char *verb;
+        const char *mode;
+} action_table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
+        [ACTION_HALT]         = { SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,         "halt",         "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_POWEROFF]     = { SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,     "poweroff",     "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_REBOOT]       = { SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,       "reboot",       "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_KEXEC]        = { SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,        "kexec",        "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2]    = { SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,    NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3]    = { SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,    NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4]    = { SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,    NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5]    = { SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,    NULL,           "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_RESCUE]       = { SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,       "rescue",       "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_EMERGENCY]    = { SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,    "emergency",    "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_DEFAULT]      = { SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,      "default",      "isolate" },
+        [ACTION_EXIT]         = { SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET,         "exit",         "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_SUSPEND]      = { SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET,      "suspend",      "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_HIBERNATE]    = { SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET,    "hibernate",    "replace-irreversibly" },
+        [ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP] = { SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET, "hybrid-sleep", "replace-irreversibly" },
+};
+
 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
-        if (streq(verb, "halt"))
-                return ACTION_HALT;
-        else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
-                return ACTION_POWEROFF;
-        else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
-                return ACTION_REBOOT;
-        else if (streq(verb, "kexec"))
-                return ACTION_KEXEC;
-        else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
-                return ACTION_RESCUE;
-        else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
-                return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
-        else if (streq(verb, "default"))
-                return ACTION_DEFAULT;
-        else if (streq(verb, "exit"))
-                return ACTION_EXIT;
-        else if (streq(verb, "suspend"))
-                return ACTION_SUSPEND;
-        else if (streq(verb, "hibernate"))
-                return ACTION_HIBERNATE;
-        else
-                return ACTION_INVALID;
+        enum action i;
+
+        for (i = ACTION_INVALID; i < _ACTION_MAX; i++)
+                if (action_table[i].verb && streq(verb, action_table[i].verb))
+                        return i;
+        return ACTION_INVALID;
 }
 
 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
-        static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
-                [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_KEXEC] = SPECIAL_KEXEC_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_SUSPEND] = SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET
-        };
-
         int r, ret = 0;
         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
-        Set *s = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        Set _cleanup_set_free_free_ *s = NULL;
+        DBusError _cleanup_dbus_error_free_ error;
         char **name;
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
@@ -1893,6 +1564,7 @@ static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         ask_password_agent_open_if_enabled();
 
         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
+                enum action action;
                 method =
                         streq(args[0], "stop") ||
                         streq(args[0], "condstop")              ? "StopUnit" :
@@ -1909,65 +1581,64 @@ static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
                         streq(args[0], "force-reload")          ? "ReloadOrTryRestartUnit" :
                                                                   "StartUnit";
+                action = verb_to_action(args[0]);
 
-                mode =
-                        (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
-                         streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
-                         streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" : arg_job_mode;
+                mode = streq(args[0], "isolate") ? "isolate" :
+                       action_table[action].mode ?: arg_job_mode;
 
-                one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
+                one_name = action_table[action].target;
 
         } else {
-                assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
-                assert(table[arg_action]);
+                assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(action_table));
+                assert(action_table[arg_action].target);
 
                 method = "StartUnit";
 
-                mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
-                        arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE ||
-                        arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 ||
-                        arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 ||
-                        arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 ||
-                        arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL5) ? "isolate" : "replace";
-
-                one_name = table[arg_action];
+                mode = action_table[arg_action].mode;
+                one_name = action_table[arg_action].target;
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_block) {
-                if ((ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
+                ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus);
+                if (ret < 0) {
                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
-                        goto finish;
+                        return ret;
                 }
 
-                if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
-                        ret = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
+                if (!s)
+                        return log_oom();
         }
 
         if (one_name) {
-                if ((ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s)) <= 0)
-                        goto finish;
+                ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s);
+                if (ret < 0)
+                        ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(ret, &error);
         } else {
-                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
-                        if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s)) != 0) {
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                        r = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
                         }
-        }
-
-        if (!arg_no_block)
-                if ((r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s)) < 0) {
-                        ret = r;
-                        goto finish;
                 }
+        }
 
-finish:
-        if (s)
-                set_free_free(s);
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                /* When stopping units, warn if they can still be triggered by
+                 * another active unit (socket, path, timer) */
+                if (!arg_quiet && streq(method, "StopUnit")) {
+                        if (one_name)
+                                check_triggering_units(bus, one_name);
+                        else
+                                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
+                                        check_triggering_units(bus, *name);
+                }
+        }
 
         return ret;
 }
@@ -1977,12 +1648,10 @@ finish:
 static int reboot_with_logind(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
         const char *method;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
         dbus_bool_t interactive = true;
-        int r;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EIO;
 
         polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
 
@@ -2004,72 +1673,170 @@ static int reboot_with_logind(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
                 method = "Hibernate";
                 break;
 
+        case ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP:
+                method = "HybridSleep";
+                break;
+
         default:
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                "org.freedesktop.login1",
-                                "/org/freedesktop/login1",
-                                "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
-                                method);
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        return bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &interactive,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+#else
+        return -ENOSYS;
+#endif
+}
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &interactive,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+static int check_inhibitors(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
+        int r;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **sessions = NULL;
+        char **s;
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
-                        log_debug("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -ENOENT;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        if (!bus)
+                return 0;
 
-                if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
-                        log_debug("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EACCES;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        if (arg_ignore_inhibitors || arg_force > 0)
+                return 0;
 
-                log_info("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        if (arg_when > 0)
+                return 0;
 
-        r = 0;
+        if (geteuid() == 0)
+                return 0;
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return 0;
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        "ListInhibitors",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                /* If logind is not around, then there are no inhibitors... */
+                return 0;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return -EIO;
+        }
 
-        return r;
-#else
-        return -ENOSYS;
-#endif
-}
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+        while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
+                const char *what, *who, *why, *mode;
+                uint32_t uid, pid;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **sv = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *comm = NULL, *user = NULL;
 
-static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        enum action a;
-        int r;
+                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                        return -EIO;
+                }
 
-        assert(args);
+                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 
-        a = verb_to_action(args[0]);
+                if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &what, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &who, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &why, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &uid, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, false) < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                        return -EIO;
+                }
+
+                if (!streq(mode, "block"))
+                        goto next;
+
+                sv = strv_split(what, ":");
+                if (!sv)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (!strv_contains(sv,
+                                  a == ACTION_HALT ||
+                                  a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
+                                  a == ACTION_REBOOT ||
+                                  a == ACTION_KEXEC ? "shutdown" : "sleep"))
+                        goto next;
+
+                get_process_comm(pid, &comm);
+                user = uid_to_name(uid);
+                log_warning("Operation inhibited by \"%s\" (PID %lu \"%s\", user %s), reason is \"%s\".",
+                            who, (unsigned long) pid, strna(comm), strna(user), why);
+                c++;
+
+        next:
+                dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
+        }
+
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+
+        /* Check for current sessions */
+        sd_get_sessions(&sessions);
+        STRV_FOREACH(s, sessions) {
+                uid_t uid;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *type = NULL, *tty = NULL, *seat = NULL, *user = NULL, *service = NULL, *class = NULL;
+
+                if (sd_session_get_uid(*s, &uid) < 0 || uid == getuid())
+                        continue;
+
+                if (sd_session_get_class(*s, &class) < 0 || !streq(class, "user"))
+                        continue;
+
+                if (sd_session_get_type(*s, &type) < 0 || (!streq(type, "x11") && !streq(type, "tty")))
+                        continue;
+
+                sd_session_get_tty(*s, &tty);
+                sd_session_get_seat(*s, &seat);
+                sd_session_get_service(*s, &service);
+                user = uid_to_name(uid);
+
+                log_warning("User %s is logged in on %s.", strna(user), isempty(tty) ? (isempty(seat) ? strna(service) : seat) : tty);
+                c++;
+        }
+
+        if (c <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_error("Please retry operation after closing inhibitors and logging out other users.\nAlternatively, ignore inhibitors and users with 'systemctl %s -i'.",
+                  action_table[a].verb);
+
+        return -EPERM;
+#else
+        return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        enum action a;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(args);
+
+        a = verb_to_action(args[0]);
+
+        r = check_inhibitors(bus, a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (arg_force >= 2 && geteuid() != 0) {
                 log_error("Must be root.");
@@ -2095,20 +1862,27 @@ static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
             (a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
              a == ACTION_REBOOT ||
              a == ACTION_SUSPEND ||
-             a == ACTION_HIBERNATE)) {
+             a == ACTION_HIBERNATE ||
+             a == ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP)) {
                 r = reboot_with_logind(bus, a);
                 if (r >= 0)
                         return r;
         }
 
         r = start_unit(bus, args);
-        if (r >= 0)
+        if (r == EXIT_SUCCESS)
                 warn_wall(a);
 
         return r;
 }
 
-static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+static int check_unit_active(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        const char * const check_states[] = {
+                "active",
+                "reloading",
+                NULL
+        };
+
         char **name;
         int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
 
@@ -2116,84 +1890,220 @@ static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         assert(args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                int state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, arg_quiet);
+                int state;
+
+                state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, (char**) check_states, arg_quiet);
                 if (state < 0)
                         return state;
-                if (state == 0)
+                if (state > 0)
                         r = 0;
         }
 
         return r;
 }
 
-static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        int r = 0;
-        DBusError error;
+static int check_unit_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        const char * const check_states[] = {
+                "failed",
+                NULL
+        };
+
         char **name;
+        int r = 1;
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                int state;
+
+                state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, (char**) check_states, arg_quiet);
+                if (state < 0)
+                        return state;
+                if (state > 0)
+                        r = 0;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        char **name;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
 
         if (!arg_kill_who)
                 arg_kill_who = "all";
 
-        if (!arg_kill_mode)
-                arg_kill_mode = streq(arg_kill_who, "all") ? "control-group" : "process";
-
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-                char *n;
-                bool b;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
 
-                m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                if (!n)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                "KillUnit");
-                if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                                "KillUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+        return 0;
+}
 
-                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
-                b = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_mode,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-                free(n);
-                if (!b) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+static int set_cgroup(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        const char *method, *runtime;
+        char **argument;
+        int r;
 
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        dbus_error_free(&error);
-                        r = -EIO;
-                }
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+        method =
+                streq(args[0], "set-cgroup")   ? "SetUnitControlGroup" :
+                streq(args[0], "unset-cgroup") ? "UnsetUnitControlGroup"
+                                               : "UnsetUnitControlGroupAttribute";
 
-                if (reply)
-                        dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+        runtime = arg_runtime ? "runtime" : "persistent";
+
+        n = unit_name_mangle(args[1]);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(argument, args + 2) {
+
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                method,
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, argument,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &runtime,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+        return 0;
+}
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+static int set_cgroup_attr(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessageIter iter;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        const char *runtime;
+        int r;
 
-        return r;
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
+
+        runtime = arg_runtime ? "runtime" : "persistent";
+
+        n = unit_name_mangle(args[1]);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SetUnitControlGroupAttribute");
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n) ||
+            !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[2]))
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args + 3);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &runtime))
+                return log_oom();
+
+        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
+        if (!reply) {
+                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
+                dbus_error_free(&error);
+                return -EIO;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_cgroup_attr(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+        char **argument;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
+
+        n = unit_name_mangle(args[1]);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(argument, args + 2) {
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **list = NULL;
+                DBusMessageIter iter;
+                char **a;
+
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "GetUnitControlGroupAttribute",
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, argument,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter)) {
+                        log_error("Failed to initialize iterator.");
+                        return -EIO;
+                }
+
+                r = bus_parse_strv_iter(&iter, &list);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse value list.");
+                        return r;
+                }
+
+                STRV_FOREACH(a, list) {
+                        if (endswith(*a, "\n"))
+                                fputs(*a, stdout);
+                        else
+                                puts(*a);
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
 }
 
 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
@@ -2242,7 +2152,8 @@ static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i)
         if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, true) < 0)
                 return -EIO;
 
-        if (!(i->path = strdup(path)))
+        i->path = strdup(path);
+        if (!i->path)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -2257,8 +2168,8 @@ static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i)
                 n++;
         }
 
-
-        if (!(i->argv = new0(char*, n+1)))
+        i->argv = new0(char*, n+1);
+        if (!i->argv)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
         n = 0;
@@ -2270,8 +2181,11 @@ static int exec_status_info_deserialize(DBusMessageIter *sub, ExecStatusInfo *i)
                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub3, &s);
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub3);
 
-                if (!(i->argv[n++] = strdup(s)))
+                i->argv[n] = strdup(s);
+                if (!i->argv[n])
                         return -ENOMEM;
+
+                n++;
         }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2) ||
@@ -2357,9 +2271,15 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         ExecStatusInfo *p;
         const char *on, *off, *ss;
         usec_t timestamp;
-        char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
+        char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX], *s1;
         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
         const char *path;
+        int flags =
+                arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
+                (!on_tty() || pager_have()) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
+                on_tty() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
+                !arg_quiet * OUTPUT_WARN_CUTOFF |
+                arg_full * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH;
 
         assert(i);
 
@@ -2426,7 +2346,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
                                                                   i->active_exit_timestamp;
 
-        s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
+        s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
         s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
 
         if (s1)
@@ -2437,7 +2357,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                 printf("\n");
 
         if (!i->condition_result && i->condition_timestamp > 0) {
-                s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), i->condition_timestamp);
+                s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), i->condition_timestamp);
                 s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), i->condition_timestamp);
 
                 if (s1)
@@ -2470,7 +2390,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                 printf("\tAccepted: %u; Connected: %u\n", i->n_accepted, i->n_connections);
 
         LIST_FOREACH(exec, p, i->exec) {
-                char *t;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
                 bool good;
 
                 /* Only show exited processes here */
@@ -2479,9 +2399,8 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
 
                 t = strv_join(p->argv, " ");
                 printf("\t Process: %u %s=%s ", p->pid, p->name, strna(t));
-                free(t);
 
-                good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status);
+                good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status, NULL);
                 if (!good) {
                         on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
@@ -2521,12 +2440,10 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                         printf("Main PID: %u", (unsigned) i->main_pid);
 
                         if (i->running) {
-                                char *t = NULL;
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
                                 get_process_comm(i->main_pid, &t);
-                                if (t) {
+                                if (t)
                                         printf(" (%s)", t);
-                                        free(t);
-                                }
                         } else if (i->exit_code > 0) {
                                 printf(" (code=%s, ", sigchld_code_to_string(i->exit_code));
 
@@ -2549,15 +2466,13 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                         printf(";");
 
                 if (i->control_pid > 0) {
-                        char *t = NULL;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
 
                         printf(" Control: %u", (unsigned) i->control_pid);
 
                         get_process_comm(i->control_pid, &t);
-                        if (t) {
+                        if (t)
                                 printf(" (%s)", t);
-                                free(t);
-                        }
                 }
 
                 printf("\n");
@@ -2566,7 +2481,8 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         if (i->status_text)
                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
 
-        if (i->default_control_group) {
+        if (i->default_control_group &&
+            (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0 || cg_is_empty_by_spec(i->default_control_group, false) == 0)) {
                 unsigned c;
 
                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
@@ -2587,13 +2503,29 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                         if (i->control_pid > 0)
                                 extra[k++] = i->control_pid;
 
-                        show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c, false, arg_all, extra, k);
+                        show_cgroup_and_extra_by_spec(i->default_control_group, "\t\t  ", c, false, extra, k, flags);
                 }
         }
 
         if (i->id && arg_transport != TRANSPORT_SSH) {
                 printf("\n");
-                show_journal_by_unit(i->id, arg_output, 0, i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic, arg_lines, arg_all, arg_follow, !arg_quiet);
+                if(arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM)
+                        show_journal_by_unit(stdout,
+                                             i->id,
+                                             arg_output,
+                                             0,
+                                             i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic,
+                                             arg_lines,
+                                             flags);
+                else
+                        show_journal_by_user_unit(stdout,
+                                                  i->id,
+                                                  arg_output,
+                                                  0,
+                                                  i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic,
+                                                  arg_lines,
+                                                  getuid(),
+                                                  flags);
         }
 
         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
@@ -2618,7 +2550,7 @@ static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                 if (startswith(*p, "man:")) {
                         size_t k;
                         char *e = NULL;
-                        char *page = NULL, *section = NULL;
+                        char _cleanup_free_ *page = NULL, *section = NULL;
                         const char *args[4] = { "man", NULL, NULL, NULL };
                         pid_t pid;
 
@@ -2629,15 +2561,9 @@ static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
 
                         if (e) {
                                 page = strndup((*p) + 4, e - *p - 4);
-                                if (!page) {
-                                        log_error("Out of memory.");
-                                        return;
-                                }
-
                                 section = strndup(e + 1, *p + k - e - 2);
-                                if (!section) {
-                                        free(page);
-                                        log_error("Out of memory");
+                                if (!page || !section) {
+                                        log_oom();
                                         return;
                                 }
 
@@ -2649,8 +2575,6 @@ static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                         pid = fork();
                         if (pid < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
-                                free(page);
-                                free(section);
                                 continue;
                         }
 
@@ -2661,9 +2585,6 @@ static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                                 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
-                        free(page);
-                        free(section);
-
                         wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
                 } else
                         log_info("Can't show: %s", *p);
@@ -3006,7 +2927,7 @@ static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &attr, true) >= 0 &&
                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &value, false) >= 0) {
 
-                                        printf("ControlGroupAttribute={ controller=%s ; attribute=%s ; value=\"%s\" }\n",
+                                        printf("ControlGroupAttributes={ controller=%s ; attribute=%s ; value=\"%s\" }\n",
                                                controller,
                                                attr,
                                                value);
@@ -3027,7 +2948,7 @@ static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
                                 zero(info);
                                 if (exec_status_info_deserialize(&sub, &info) >= 0) {
                                         char timestamp1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], timestamp2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
-                                        char *t;
+                                        char _cleanup_free_ *t;
 
                                         t = strv_join(info.argv, " ");
 
@@ -3043,8 +2964,6 @@ static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
                                                info.status,
                                                info.code == CLD_EXITED ? "" : "/",
                                                strempty(info.code == CLD_EXITED ? NULL : signal_to_string(info.status)));
-
-                                        free(t);
                                 }
 
                                 free(info.path);
@@ -3069,51 +2988,36 @@ static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 }
 
 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *interface = "";
         int r;
-        DBusError error;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
         UnitStatusInfo info;
         ExecStatusInfo *p;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(path);
         assert(new_line);
 
         zero(info);
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "GetAll"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "GetAll",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
@@ -3126,24 +3030,13 @@ static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, boo
         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
                 const char *name;
 
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
+                assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY);
                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 
-                if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
+                if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
+                    dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
@@ -3152,11 +3045,9 @@ static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, boo
                         r = print_property(name, &sub3);
                 else
                         r = status_property(name, &sub3, &info);
-
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
@@ -3184,135 +3075,126 @@ static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, boo
                 exec_status_info_free(p);
         }
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int show_one_by_pid(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, uint32_t pid, bool *new_line) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *path = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusError _cleanup_dbus_error_free_ error;
         int r;
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "GetUnitByPID");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnitByPID",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         r = show_one(verb, bus, path, false, new_line);
+        return r;
+}
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+static int show_all(const char* verb, DBusConnection *bus, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+        const struct unit_info *u;
+        int r;
+
+        r = get_unit_list(bus, &reply, &unit_infos, &c);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
+                char _cleanup_free_ *p = NULL;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                if (!output_show_unit(u))
+                        continue;
 
-        return r;
+                p = unit_dbus_path_from_name(u->id);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                printf("%s -> '%s'\n", u->id, p);
+
+                r = show_one(verb, bus, p, show_properties, new_line);
+                if (r != 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         int r, ret = 0;
-        bool show_properties, new_line = false;
+        bool show_properties, show_status, new_line = false;
         char **name;
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         show_properties = streq(args[0], "show");
+        show_status = streq(args[0], "status");
 
         if (show_properties)
                 pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (show_properties && strv_length(args) <= 1) {
-                /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
-                 * itself */
+        /* If no argument is specified inspect the manager itself */
 
+        if (show_properties && strv_length(args) <= 1)
                 return show_one(args[0], bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1", show_properties, &new_line);
-        }
+
+        if (show_status && strv_length(args) <= 1)
+                return show_all(args[0], bus, false, &new_line);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
                 uint32_t id;
 
                 if (safe_atou32(*name, &id) < 0) {
-                        char *p, *n;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *n = NULL;
                         /* Interpret as unit name */
 
                         n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
-                        p = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n ? n : *name);
-                        free(n);
-                        if (!p) {
-                                log_error("Out of memory");
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-                        }
+                        if (!n)
+                                return log_oom();
 
-                        r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
-                        free(p);
+                        p = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n);
+                        if (!p)
+                                return log_oom();
 
+                        r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
                         if (r != 0)
                                 ret = r;
 
                 } else if (show_properties) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 
                         /* Interpret as job id */
-
-                        char *p;
-                        if (asprintf(&p, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/%u", id) < 0) {
-                                log_error("Out of memory");
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-                        }
+                        if (asprintf(&p, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/%u", id) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
 
                         r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
-                        free(p);
-
                         if (r != 0)
                                 ret = r;
 
                 } else {
-
                         /* Interpret as PID */
-
                         r = show_one_by_pid(args[0], bus, id, &new_line);
                         if (r != 0)
                                 ret = r;
@@ -3323,7 +3205,7 @@ static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 }
 
 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
         int r;
         const char *text;
@@ -3332,260 +3214,145 @@ static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "Dump"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "Dump",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                dbus_error_free(&error);
+                return  -EIO;
         }
 
         fputs(text, stdout);
-
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
         int r;
-        const char *name = "", *path, *id;
         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
         const char
+                *path, *id,
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                 *property = "Id";
-        char *n;
-        bool b;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+        if (strv_length(args) > 1)
+                n = snapshot_name_mangle(args[1]);
+        else
+                n = strdup("");
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                        "CreateSnapshot");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (strv_length(args) > 1)
-                name = args[1];
-
-        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
-        b = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &name,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
-                                     DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-        free(n);
-        if (!b) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+                        "CreateSnapshot",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        dbus_message_unref(m);
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
+                dbus_error_free(&error);
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        reply = NULL;
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 
         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
 
         if (!arg_quiet)
                 puts(id);
-        r = 0;
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        int r;
-        DBusError error;
         char **name;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                const char *path = NULL;
-                char *n;
-                bool b;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+                int r;
 
-                m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                n = snapshot_name_mangle(*name);
+                if (!n)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                "GetUnit");
-                if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
-                b = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-                free(n);
-                if (!b) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                path,
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
-                                "Remove");
-                if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                                "RemoveSnapshot",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
         int r;
         const char *method;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        DBusError error;
 
         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
                 method = "Reload";
@@ -3607,154 +3374,90 @@ static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
         }
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-
-                if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
-                        /* There's always a fallback possible for
-                         * legacy actions. */
-                        r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (streq(method, "Reexecute") && dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_REPLY)) {
-                        /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not
-                         * a reply */
-                        r = 0;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        NULL,
+                        &error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+
+        if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
+                /* There's always a fallback possible for
+                 * legacy actions. */
+                r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+        else if (r == -ETIMEDOUT && streq(method, "Reexecute"))
+                /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not
+                 * a reply */
+                r = 0;
+        else if (r < 0)
                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        int r;
-        DBusError error;
-        char **name;
-
-        assert(bus);
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
-                return daemon_reload(bus, args);
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-                char *n;
-                bool b;
-
-                m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                "ResetFailedUnit");
-                if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
-                b = dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
-                                             DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
-                free(n);
-                if (!b) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
 
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        return r;
+}
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
-        }
+static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        int r = 0;
+        char **name;
 
-        r = 0;
+        if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
+                return daemon_reload(bus, args);
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                if (!n)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-        return r;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ResetFailedUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         int r;
         const char
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                 *property = "Environment";
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
@@ -3762,8 +3465,7 @@ static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
@@ -3773,38 +3475,22 @@ static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
-                printf("%s\n", text);
+                puts(text);
 
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int switch_root(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         unsigned l;
-        const char *root, *init;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        const char *root;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *init = NULL;
 
         l = strv_length(args);
         if (l < 2 || l > 3) {
@@ -3813,56 +3499,44 @@ static int switch_root(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         }
 
         root = args[1];
-        init = l >= 3 ? args[2] : "";
-
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                        "SwitchRoot");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(
-                            m,
-                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &root,
-                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &init,
-                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        if (l >= 3)
+                init = strdup(args[2]);
+        else {
+                parse_env_file("/proc/cmdline", WHITESPACE,
+                               "init", &init,
+                               NULL);
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                if (!init)
+                        init = strdup("");
         }
+        if (!init)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        log_debug("switching root - root: %s; init: %s", root, init);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SwitchRoot",
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &root,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &init,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 }
 
 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
-        int r;
         const char *method;
-        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-        char **name;
+        DBusMessageIter iter;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
@@ -3870,61 +3544,34 @@ static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 ? "SetEnvironment"
                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
+        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
 
         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
 
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
-                if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args + 1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
+        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
+        if (!reply) {
                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                dbus_error_free(&error);
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
         int r = 0;
 
-#if defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && (defined(TARGET_FEDORA) || defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA) || defined(TARGET_SUSE) || defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX) || defined(TARGET_MAGEIA))
+#if defined(HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && defined(HAVE_CHKCONFIG)
         const char *verb = args[0];
         unsigned f = 1, t = 1;
         LookupPaths paths;
@@ -3941,7 +3588,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
          * afterwards only the native units remain */
 
         zero(paths);
-        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, MANAGER_SYSTEM, false, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, SYSTEMD_SYSTEM, false, NULL, NULL, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -3974,8 +3621,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
                                 asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", *k, name);
 
                         if (!p) {
-                                log_error("No memory");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                r = log_oom();
                                 goto finish;
                         }
 
@@ -3995,8 +3641,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
                 else
                         asprintf(&p, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", name);
                 if (!p) {
-                        log_error("No memory");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -4024,10 +3669,9 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
 
                 l = strv_join((char**)argv, " ");
                 if (!l) {
-                        log_error("No memory.");
                         free(q);
                         free(p);
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -4097,14 +3741,49 @@ finish:
         return r;
 }
 
+static int mangle_names(char **original_names, char ***mangled_names) {
+        char **i, **l, **name;
+
+        l = new(char*, strv_length(original_names) + 1);
+        if (!l)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        i = l;
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, original_names) {
+
+                /* When enabling units qualified path names are OK,
+                 * too, hence allow them explicitly. */
+
+                if (is_path(*name))
+                        *i = strdup(*name);
+                else
+                        *i = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+
+                if (!*i) {
+                        strv_free(l);
+                        return log_oom();
+                }
+
+                i++;
+        }
+
+        *i = NULL;
+        *mangled_names = l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         const char *verb = args[0];
         UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
         unsigned n_changes = 0, i;
         int carries_install_info = -1;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         int r;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusError _cleanup_dbus_error_free_ error;
+        char _cleanup_strv_free_ **mangled_names = NULL;
+
+        dbus_error_init(&error);
 
         r = enable_sysv_units(args);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -4113,8 +3792,6 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         if (!args[1])
                 return 0;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         if (!bus || avoid_bus()) {
                 if (streq(verb, "enable")) {
                         r = unit_file_enable(arg_scope, arg_runtime, arg_root, args+1, arg_force, &changes, &n_changes);
@@ -4150,6 +3827,7 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                         }
                 }
 
+                r = 0;
         } else {
                 const char *method;
                 bool send_force = true, expect_carries_install_info = false;
@@ -4184,14 +3862,17 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                                 method);
                 if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
 
-                r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args+1);
+                r = mangle_names(args+1, &mangled_names);
+                if(r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, mangled_names);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to append unit files.");
                         goto finish;
@@ -4279,25 +3960,26 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         }
 
         if (carries_install_info == 0)
-                log_warning("The unit files have no [Install] section. They are not meant to be enabled using systemctl.");
+                log_warning("The unit files have no [Install] section. They are not meant to be enabled\n"
+                            "using systemctl.\n"
+                            "Possible reasons for having this kind of units are:\n"
+                            "1) A unit may be statically enabled by being symlinked from another unit's\n"
+                            "   .wants/ or .requires/ directory.\n"
+                            "2) A unit's purpose may be to act as a helper for some other unit which has\n"
+                            "   a requirement dependency on it.\n"
+                            "3) A unit may be started when needed via activation (socket, path, timer,\n"
+                            "   D-Bus, udev, scripted systemctl call, ...).\n");
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
         return r;
 }
 
 static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusError _cleanup_dbus_error_free_ error;
         int r;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ *reply = NULL;
         bool enabled;
         char **name;
 
@@ -4315,10 +3997,8 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                         UnitFileState state;
 
                         state = unit_file_get_state(arg_scope, arg_root, *name);
-                        if (state < 0) {
-                                r = state;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
+                        if (state < 0)
+                                return state;
 
                         if (state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED ||
                             state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED_RUNTIME ||
@@ -4333,43 +4013,28 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
                         const char *s;
 
-                        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                        bus,
                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                        "GetUnitFileState");
-                        if (!m) {
-                                log_error("Out of memory");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                        if (!reply) {
-                                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                                r = -EIO;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
+                                        "GetUnitFileState",
+                                        &reply,
+                                        NULL,
+                                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
+                                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                        if (r)
+                                return r;
 
                         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &s,
                                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                                r = -EIO;
-                                goto finish;
+                                return -EIO;
                         }
 
-                        dbus_message_unref(m);
                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                        m = reply = NULL;
+                        reply = NULL;
 
                         if (streq(s, "enabled") ||
                             streq(s, "enabled-runtime") ||
@@ -4381,17 +4046,7 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 }
         }
 
-        r = enabled ? 0 : 1;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-        return r;
+        return enabled ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int systemctl_help(void) {
@@ -4411,6 +4066,8 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "                      pending\n"
                "     --ignore-dependencies\n"
                "                      When queueing a new job, ignore all its dependencies\n"
+               "  -i --ignore-inhibitors\n"
+               "                      When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors\n"
                "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
                "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
                "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST\n"
@@ -4425,8 +4082,6 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "     --no-pager       Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
                "     --no-ask-password\n"
                "                      Do not ask for system passwords\n"
-               "     --order          When generating graph for dot, show only order\n"
-               "     --require        When generating graph for dot, show only requirement\n"
                "     --system         Connect to system manager\n"
                "     --user           Connect to user service manager\n"
                "     --global         Enable/disable unit files globally\n"
@@ -4435,9 +4090,8 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "     --root=PATH      Enable unit files in the specified root directory\n"
                "     --runtime        Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot\n"
                "  -n --lines=INTEGER  Journal entries to show\n"
-               "     --follow         Follow journal\n"
                "  -o --output=STRING  Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,\n"
-               "                      verbose, export, json, cat)\n\n"
+               "                      verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n\n"
                "Unit Commands:\n"
                "  list-units                      List loaded units\n"
                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
@@ -4445,20 +4099,31 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
-               "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
+               "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units if possible,\n"
                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
-               "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
+               "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units if possible,\n"
                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
                "  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
                "  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active\n"
+               "  is-failed [NAME...]             Check whether units are failed\n"
                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
-               "  help [NAME...|PID...]            Show manual for one or more units\n"
+               "  help [NAME...|PID...]           Show manual for one or more units\n"
                "  reset-failed [NAME...]          Reset failed state for all, one, or more\n"
                "                                  units\n"
-               "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n\n"
+               "  get-cgroup-attr [NAME] [ATTR] ...\n"
+               "                                  Get control group attrubute\n"
+               "  set-cgroup-attr [NAME] [ATTR] [VALUE] ...\n"
+               "                                  Set control group attribute\n"
+               "  unset-cgroup-attr [NAME] [ATTR...]\n"
+               "                                  Unset control group attribute\n"
+               "  set-cgroup [NAME] [CGROUP...]   Add unit to a control group\n"
+               "  unset-cgroup [NAME] [CGROUP...] Remove unit from a control group\n"
+               "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
+               "  list-dependencies [NAME]        Recursively show units which are required\n"
+               "                                  or wanted by this unit\n\n"
                "Unit File Commands:\n"
                "  list-unit-files                 List installed unit files\n"
                "  enable [NAME...]                Enable one or more unit files\n"
@@ -4476,7 +4141,6 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel all, one, or more jobs\n\n"
                "Status Commands:\n"
                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
-               "  dot                             Dump dependency graph for dot(1)\n\n"
                "Snapshot Commands:\n"
                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n\n"
@@ -4498,7 +4162,8 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "  exit                            Request user instance exit\n"
                "  switch-root [ROOT] [INIT]       Change to a different root file system\n"
                "  suspend                         Suspend the system\n"
-               "  hibernate                       Hibernate the system\n",
+               "  hibernate                       Hibernate the system\n"
+               "  hybrid-sleep                    Hibernate and suspend the system\n",
                program_invocation_short_name);
 
         return 0;
@@ -4515,7 +4180,6 @@ static int halt_help(void) {
                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
-               "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
                program_invocation_short_name,
                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
@@ -4570,10 +4234,27 @@ static int runlevel_help(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int help_types(void) {
+        int i;
+
+        puts("Available unit types:");
+        for(i = UNIT_SERVICE; i < _UNIT_TYPE_MAX; i++)
+                if (unit_type_table[i])
+                        puts(unit_type_table[i]);
+
+        puts("\nAvailable unit load states: ");
+        for(i = UNIT_STUB; i < _UNIT_LOAD_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                if (unit_type_table[i])
+                        puts(unit_load_state_table[i]);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         enum {
                 ARG_FAIL = 0x100,
+                ARG_IRREVERSIBLE,
                 ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES,
                 ARG_VERSION,
                 ARG_USER,
@@ -4583,17 +4264,13 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 ARG_NO_LEGEND,
                 ARG_NO_PAGER,
                 ARG_NO_WALL,
-                ARG_ORDER,
-                ARG_REQUIRE,
                 ARG_ROOT,
                 ARG_FULL,
                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
-                ARG_KILL_MODE,
                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
                 ARG_FAILED,
                 ARG_RUNTIME,
-                ARG_FOLLOW,
                 ARG_FORCE
         };
 
@@ -4606,7 +4283,9 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "failed",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAILED    },
                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL      },
                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL      },
+                { "irreversible", no_argument,    NULL, ARG_IRREVERSIBLE },
                 { "ignore-dependencies", no_argument, NULL, ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES },
+                { "ignore-inhibitors", no_argument, NULL, 'i'         },
                 { "user",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER      },
                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM    },
                 { "global",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL    },
@@ -4615,12 +4294,9 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "no-pager",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER  },
                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL   },
                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'           },
-                { "order",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_ORDER     },
-                { "require",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REQUIRE   },
                 { "root",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT      },
                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE     },
                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
-                { "kill-mode", required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_MODE }, /* undocumented on purpose */
                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
@@ -4628,7 +4304,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "privileged",no_argument,       NULL, 'P'           },
                 { "runtime",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_RUNTIME   },
                 { "lines",     required_argument, NULL, 'n'           },
-                { "follow",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FOLLOW    },
                 { "output",    required_argument, NULL, 'o'           },
                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
         };
@@ -4638,7 +4313,7 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         assert(argc >= 0);
         assert(argv);
 
-        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:H:Pn:o:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:H:Pn:o:i", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
 
                 switch (c) {
 
@@ -4648,11 +4323,15 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case ARG_VERSION:
                         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
-                        puts(DISTRIBUTION);
                         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
                         return 0;
 
                 case 't':
+                        if (streq(optarg, "help")) {
+                                help_types();
+                                return 0;
+                        }
+
                         if (unit_type_from_string(optarg) >= 0) {
                                 arg_type = optarg;
                                 break;
@@ -4663,20 +4342,36 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         }
                         log_error("Unkown unit type or load state '%s'.",
                                   optarg);
+                        log_info("Use -t help to see a list of allowed values.");
                         return -EINVAL;
                 case 'p': {
-                        char **l;
+                        char *word, *state;
+                        size_t size;
+                        /* Make sure that if the empty property list
+                           was specified, we won't show any properties. */
+                        const char *source = isempty(optarg) ? " " : optarg;
+
+                        FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, size, source, ",", state) {
+                                char _cleanup_free_ *prop;
+                                char **tmp;
+
+                                prop = strndup(word, size);
+                                if (!prop)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-                        if (!(l = strv_append(arg_property, optarg)))
-                                return -ENOMEM;
+                                tmp = strv_append(arg_property, prop);
+                                if (!tmp)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-                        strv_free(arg_property);
-                        arg_property = l;
+                                strv_free(arg_property);
+                                arg_property = tmp;
+                        }
 
                         /* If the user asked for a particular
                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
                          * empty. */
                         arg_all = true;
+
                         break;
                 }
 
@@ -4688,6 +4383,10 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_job_mode = "fail";
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_IRREVERSIBLE:
+                        arg_job_mode = "replace-irreversibly";
+                        break;
+
                 case ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES:
                         arg_job_mode = "ignore-dependencies";
                         break;
@@ -4720,14 +4419,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_no_wall = true;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_ORDER:
-                        arg_dot = DOT_ORDER;
-                        break;
-
-                case ARG_REQUIRE:
-                        arg_dot = DOT_REQUIRE;
-                        break;
-
                 case ARG_ROOT:
                         arg_root = optarg;
                         break;
@@ -4748,14 +4439,8 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_force ++;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_FOLLOW:
-                        arg_follow = true;
-                        break;
-
                 case 'f':
-                        /* -f is short for both --follow and --force! */
                         arg_force ++;
-                        arg_follow = true;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
@@ -4766,10 +4451,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_KILL_MODE:
-                        arg_kill_mode = optarg;
-                        break;
-
                 case 's':
                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
@@ -4809,6 +4490,10 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         }
                         break;
 
+                case 'i':
+                        arg_ignore_inhibitors = true;
+                        break;
+
                 case '?':
                         return -EINVAL;
 
@@ -4843,7 +4528,6 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
-                { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
         };
@@ -4889,16 +4573,13 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
                         break;
 
-                case 'n':
-                        arg_no_sync = true;
-                        break;
-
                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
                         arg_no_wall = true;
                         break;
 
                 case 'i':
                 case 'h':
+                case 'n':
                         /* Compatibility nops */
                         break;
 
@@ -5048,7 +4729,7 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (argc > optind) {
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action != ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN) {
                 r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
@@ -5057,8 +4738,11 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else
                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
 
-        /* We skip the time argument */
-        if (argc > optind + 1)
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action == ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN)
+                /* No time argument for shutdown cancel */
+                arg_wall = argv + optind;
+        else if (argc > optind + 1)
+                /* We skip the time argument */
                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
 
         optind = argc;
@@ -5262,8 +4946,8 @@ static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
 }
 
 static int talk_upstart(void) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusError _cleanup_dbus_error_free_ error;
         int previous, rl, r;
         char
                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
@@ -5327,7 +5011,7 @@ static int talk_upstart(void) {
 
         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 
-                if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
+                if (bus_error_is_no_service(&error)) {
                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
                         goto finish;
                 }
@@ -5340,20 +5024,12 @@ static int talk_upstart(void) {
         r = 1;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         if (bus) {
                 dbus_connection_flush(bus);
                 dbus_connection_close(bus);
                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
         }
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -5422,14 +5098,19 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "condreload",            MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with ALTLinux */
                 { "condrestart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
                 { "isolate",               EQUAL, 2, start_unit        },
+                { "set-cgroup",            MORE,  3, set_cgroup        },
+                { "unset-cgroup",          MORE,  3, set_cgroup        },
+                { "get-cgroup-attr",       MORE,  3, get_cgroup_attr   },
+                { "set-cgroup-attr",       MORE,  4, set_cgroup_attr   },
+                { "unset-cgroup-attr",     MORE,  3, set_cgroup        },
                 { "kill",                  MORE,  2, kill_unit         },
-                { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit        },
-                { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
+                { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit_active },
+                { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit_active },
+                { "is-failed",             MORE,  2, check_unit_failed },
                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
-                { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
+                { "status",                MORE,  1, show              },
                 { "help",                  MORE,  2, show              },
                 { "dump",                  EQUAL, 1, dump              },
-                { "dot",                   EQUAL, 1, dot               },
                 { "snapshot",              LESS,  2, snapshot          },
                 { "delete",                MORE,  2, delete_snapshot   },
                 { "daemon-reload",         EQUAL, 1, daemon_reload     },
@@ -5443,6 +5124,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "suspend",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "hibernate",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
+                { "hybrid-sleep",          EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
@@ -5457,6 +5139,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "unmask",                MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
                 { "link",                  MORE,  2, enable_unit       },
                 { "switch-root",           MORE,  2, switch_root       },
+                { "list-dependencies",     LESS,  2, list_dependencies },
         };
 
         int left;
@@ -5556,7 +5239,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
 }
 
 static int send_shutdownd(usec_t t, char mode, bool dry_run, bool warn, const char *message) {
-        int fd;
+        int _cleanup_close_ fd;
         struct msghdr msghdr;
         struct iovec iovec[2];
         union sockaddr_union sockaddr;
@@ -5593,12 +5276,9 @@ static int send_shutdownd(usec_t t, char mode, bool dry_run, bool warn, const ch
         }
         msghdr.msg_iov = iovec;
 
-        if (sendmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0) {
-                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+        if (sendmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_NOSIGNAL) < 0)
                 return -errno;
-        }
 
-        close_nointr_nofail(fd);
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -5647,7 +5327,7 @@ done:
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void halt_now(enum action a) {
+static _noreturn_ void halt_now(enum action a) {
 
        /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
          * point on... */
@@ -5680,6 +5360,10 @@ static void halt_now(enum action a) {
 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
         int r;
 
+        r = check_inhibitors(bus, arg_action);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         if (geteuid() != 0) {
                 /* Try logind if we are a normal user and no special
                  * mode applies. Maybe PolicyKit allows us to shutdown
@@ -5687,7 +5371,7 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
 
                 if (arg_when <= 0 &&
                     !arg_dry &&
-                    !arg_force &&
+                    arg_force <= 0 &&
                     (arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
                      arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT)) {
                         r = reboot_with_logind(bus, arg_action);
@@ -5700,7 +5384,7 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
         }
 
         if (arg_when > 0) {
-                char *m;
+                char _cleanup_free_ *m;
 
                 m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
                 r = send_shutdownd(arg_when,
@@ -5711,7 +5395,6 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
                                    arg_dry,
                                    !arg_no_wall,
                                    m);
-                free(m);
 
                 if (r < 0)
                         log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, proceeding with immediate shutdown: %s", strerror(-r));
@@ -5737,9 +5420,6 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (!arg_no_sync)
-                sync();
-
         if (arg_dry)
                 return 0;
 
@@ -5767,10 +5447,11 @@ static int runlevel_main(void) {
 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusError _cleanup_dbus_error_free_ error;
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
         log_parse_environment();
         log_open();
 
@@ -5837,9 +5518,22 @@ int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
                 break;
 
-        case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
-                r = send_shutdownd(0, 0, false, false, NULL);
+        case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN: {
+                char *m = NULL;
+
+                if (arg_wall) {
+                        m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
+                        if (!m) {
+                                retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+                r = send_shutdownd(arg_when, SD_SHUTDOWN_NONE, false, !arg_no_wall, m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, shutdown hasn't been cancelled: %s", strerror(-r));
+                free(m);
                 break;
+        }
 
         case ACTION_INVALID:
         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
@@ -5856,8 +5550,6 @@ finish:
                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
         }
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         dbus_shutdown();
 
         strv_free(arg_property);