chiark / gitweb /
systemctl: honour inhibitors only when running unprivileged
[elogind.git] / src / systemctl / systemctl.c
index f2da2ad604278d5bf26d7ec7ed33aee5e12a8a13..91467cc0855835551f0ed48cc2a072a51fbcae04 100644 (file)
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <sys/reboot.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
+#include <locale.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include "install.h"
 #include "logs-show.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "socket-util.h"
 
 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
+static const char *arg_load_state = NULL;
 static char **arg_property = NULL;
 static bool arg_all = false;
 static const char *arg_job_mode = "replace";
@@ -73,9 +76,9 @@ static bool arg_no_block = false;
 static bool arg_no_legend = false;
 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
-static bool arg_no_sync = false;
 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
 static bool arg_no_reload = false;
+static bool arg_ignore_inhibitors = false;
 static bool arg_dry = false;
 static bool arg_quiet = false;
 static bool arg_full = false;
@@ -85,7 +88,6 @@ static bool arg_failed = false;
 static bool arg_runtime = false;
 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
 static const char *arg_kill_who = NULL;
-static const char *arg_kill_mode = NULL;
 static int arg_signal = SIGTERM;
 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
 static usec_t arg_when = 0;
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ static enum action {
         ACTION_EXIT,
         ACTION_SUSPEND,
         ACTION_HIBERNATE,
+        ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
@@ -123,7 +126,6 @@ static enum transport {
         TRANSPORT_POLKIT
 } arg_transport = TRANSPORT_NORMAL;
 static const char *arg_host = NULL;
-static bool arg_follow = false;
 static unsigned arg_lines = 10;
 static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
 
@@ -132,26 +134,8 @@ static bool private_bus = false;
 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args);
 static void halt_now(enum action a);
 
-static bool on_tty(void) {
-        static int t = -1;
-
-        /* Note that this is invoked relatively early, before we start
-         * the pager. That means the value we return reflects whether
-         * we originally were started on a tty, not if we currently
-         * are. But this is intended, since we want colour and so on
-         * when run in our own pager. */
-
-        if (_unlikely_(t < 0))
-                t = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
-
-        return t;
-}
-
 static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
 
-        /* Cache result before we open the pager */
-        on_tty();
-
         if (arg_no_pager)
                 return;
 
@@ -186,35 +170,28 @@ static void polkit_agent_open_if_enabled(void) {
 }
 #endif
 
-static const char *ansi_highlight_red(bool b) {
+static const char *ansi_highlight(bool b) {
 
         if (!on_tty())
                 return "";
 
-        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
-static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
+static const char *ansi_highlight_red(bool b) {
 
         if (!on_tty())
                 return "";
 
-        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
-static bool error_is_no_service(const DBusError *error) {
-        assert(error);
-
-        if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
-                return false;
-
-        if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
-                return true;
+static const char *ansi_highlight_green(bool b) {
 
-        if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
-                return true;
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return "";
 
-        return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
+        return b ? ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_GREEN_ON : ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF;
 }
 
 static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
@@ -247,12 +224,13 @@ static int translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(int r, const DBusError *error) {
 
 static void warn_wall(enum action a) {
         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
-                [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
-                [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
-                [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
-                [ACTION_KEXEC]     = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
-                [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
-                [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
+                [ACTION_HALT]            = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
+                [ACTION_REBOOT]          = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
+                [ACTION_POWEROFF]        = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
+                [ACTION_KEXEC]           = "The system is going down for kexec reboot NOW!",
+                [ACTION_RESCUE]          = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
+                [ACTION_EMERGENCY]       = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!",
+                [ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN] = "The system shutdown has been cancelled NOW!"
         };
 
         if (arg_no_wall)
@@ -337,12 +315,15 @@ static bool output_show_unit(const struct unit_info *u) {
 
         return (!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(u->id, '.')) &&
                               streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
-                (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive") || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
+                (!arg_load_state || streq(u->load_state, arg_load_state)) &&
+                (arg_all || !(streq(u->active_state, "inactive")
+                              || u->following[0]) || u->job_id > 0);
 }
 
 static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
         unsigned id_len, max_id_len, active_len, sub_len, job_len, desc_len, n_shown = 0;
         const struct unit_info *u;
+        int job_count = 0;
 
         max_id_len = sizeof("UNIT")-1;
         active_len = sizeof("ACTIVE")-1;
@@ -357,14 +338,18 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
                 max_id_len = MAX(max_id_len, strlen(u->id));
                 active_len = MAX(active_len, strlen(u->active_state));
                 sub_len = MAX(sub_len, strlen(u->sub_state));
-                if (u->job_id != 0)
+                if (u->job_id != 0) {
                         job_len = MAX(job_len, strlen(u->job_type));
+                        job_count++;
+                }
         }
 
         if (!arg_full) {
                 unsigned basic_len;
                 id_len = MIN(max_id_len, 25);
-                basic_len = 5 + id_len + 6 + active_len + sub_len + job_len;
+                basic_len = 5 + id_len + 5 + active_len + sub_len;
+                if (job_count)
+                        basic_len += job_len + 1;
                 if (basic_len < (unsigned) columns()) {
                         unsigned extra_len, incr;
                         extra_len = columns() - basic_len;
@@ -384,15 +369,6 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
         } else
                 id_len = max_id_len;
 
-        if (!arg_no_legend) {
-                printf("%-*s %-6s %-*s %-*s %-*s ", id_len, "UNIT", "LOAD",
-                       active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB", job_len, "JOB");
-                if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
-                        printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
-                else
-                        printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
-        }
-
         for (u = unit_infos; u < unit_infos + c; u++) {
                 char *e;
                 const char *on_loaded, *off_loaded;
@@ -401,6 +377,17 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
                 if (!output_show_unit(u))
                         continue;
 
+                if (!n_shown && !arg_no_legend) {
+                        printf("%-*s %-6s %-*s %-*s ", id_len, "UNIT", "LOAD",
+                               active_len, "ACTIVE", sub_len, "SUB");
+                        if (job_count)
+                                printf("%-*s ", job_len, "JOB");
+                        if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
+                                printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, "DESCRIPTION");
+                        else
+                                printf("%s\n", "DESCRIPTION");
+                }
+
                 n_shown++;
 
                 if (streq(u->load_state, "error")) {
@@ -417,12 +404,12 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
 
                 e = arg_full ? NULL : ellipsize(u->id, id_len, 33);
 
-                printf("%-*s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s %-*s ",
+                printf("%-*s %s%-6s%s %s%-*s %-*s%s %-*s",
                        id_len, e ? e : u->id,
                        on_loaded, u->load_state, off_loaded,
                        on_active, active_len, u->active_state,
                        sub_len, u->sub_state, off_active,
-                       job_len, u->job_id ? u->job_type : "");
+                       job_count ? job_len + 1 : 0, u->job_id ? u->job_type : "");
                 if (!arg_full && arg_no_pager)
                         printf("%.*s\n", desc_len, u->description);
                 else
@@ -432,46 +419,53 @@ static void output_units_list(const struct unit_info *unit_infos, unsigned c) {
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_legend) {
-                printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
-                       "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
-                       "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n"
-                       "JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
+                const char *on, *off;
+
+                if (n_shown) {
+                        printf("\nLOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.\n"
+                               "ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.\n"
+                               "SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.\n");
+                        if (job_count)
+                                printf("JOB    = Pending job for the unit.\n");
+                        puts("");
+                        on = ansi_highlight(true);
+                        off = ansi_highlight(false);
+                } else {
+                        on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
+                        off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
+                }
 
                 if (arg_all)
-                        printf("\n%u units listed.\n", n_shown);
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
                 else
-                        printf("\n%u units listed. Pass --all to see inactive units, too.\n", n_shown);
+                        printf("%s%u loaded units listed.%s Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.\n"
+                               "To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.\n",
+                               on, n_shown, off);
         }
 }
 
 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
         struct unit_info *unit_infos = NULL;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListUnits"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListUnits",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -535,19 +529,12 @@ static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 output_units_list(unit_infos, c);
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
         free(unit_infos);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -613,7 +600,8 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
 
                 if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED ||
                     u->state == UNIT_FILE_MASKED_RUNTIME ||
-                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED) {
+                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_DISABLED ||
+                    u->state == UNIT_FILE_INVALID) {
                         on  = ansi_highlight_red(true);
                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
                 } else if (u->state == UNIT_FILE_ENABLED) {
@@ -638,15 +626,12 @@ static void output_unit_file_list(const UnitFileList *units, unsigned c) {
 }
 
 static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned c = 0, n_units = 0;
         UnitFileList *units = NULL;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
         if (avoid_bus()) {
@@ -655,10 +640,8 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 Iterator i;
 
                 h = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
-                if (!h) {
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
+                if (!h)
+                        return log_oom();
 
                 r = unit_file_get_list(arg_scope, arg_root, h);
                 if (r < 0) {
@@ -671,8 +654,7 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 units = new(UnitFileList, n_units);
                 if (!units) {
                         unit_file_list_free(h);
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        return log_oom();
                 }
 
                 HASHMAP_FOREACH(u, h, i) {
@@ -682,24 +664,17 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
                 hashmap_free(h);
         } else {
-                assert(bus);
-
-                m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                 "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                "ListUnitFiles");
-                if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
-
-                reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                if (!reply) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
+                                "ListUnitFiles",
+                                &reply,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r)
                         goto finish;
-                }
 
                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -762,16 +737,11 @@ static int list_unit_files(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
         free(units);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -781,7 +751,7 @@ static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter
                 "RequiresOverridable",   "[color=\"black\"]",
                 "Requisite",             "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
                 "RequisiteOverridable",  "[color=\"darkblue\"]",
-                "Wants",                 "[color=\"darkgrey\"]",
+                "Wants",                 "[color=\"grey66\"]",
                 "Conflicts",             "[color=\"red\"]",
                 "ConflictedBy",          "[color=\"red\"]",
                 "After",                 "[color=\"green\"]"
@@ -834,40 +804,25 @@ static int dot_one_property(const char *name, const char *prop, DBusMessageIter
 }
 
 static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit";
         int r;
-        DBusError error;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(path);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "GetAll"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "GetAll",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -913,44 +868,29 @@ static int dot_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, const char *path) {
                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListUnits"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListUnits",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -1008,44 +948,31 @@ static int dot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         unsigned k = 0;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "ListJobs"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "ListJobs",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -1099,189 +1026,100 @@ static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
         char **name;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "LoadUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+                int r;
 
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "LoadUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
         char **name;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
         if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
                 return daemon_reload(bus, args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                unsigned id;
-                const char *path;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "GetJob"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                uint32_t id;
+                int r;
 
-                if ((r = safe_atou(*name, &id)) < 0) {
+                r = safe_atou32(*name, &id);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      path,
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
-                                      "Cancel"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
+                        return r;
                 }
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "CancelJob",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         dbus_bool_t b = FALSE;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
         const char
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                 *property = "NeedDaemonReload",
                 *path;
+        char *n;
+        int r;
 
         /* We ignore all errors here, since this is used to show a warning only */
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "GetUnit")))
-                goto finish;
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &unit,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
-                goto finish;
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
+        n = unit_name_mangle(unit);
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &unit,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        free(n);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
@@ -1289,23 +1127,19 @@ static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
                 goto finish;
 
-        dbus_message_unref(m);
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get")))
-                goto finish;
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, NULL)))
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
@@ -1320,9 +1154,6 @@ static bool need_daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, const char *unit) {
         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &b);
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -1331,6 +1162,8 @@ finish:
 
 typedef struct WaitData {
         Set *set;
+
+        char *name;
         char *result;
 } WaitData;
 
@@ -1369,9 +1202,12 @@ static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *me
                         p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path);
                         free(p);
 
-                        if (*result)
+                        if (!isempty(result))
                                 d->result = strdup(result);
 
+                        if (!isempty(unit))
+                                d->name = strdup(unit);
+
                         goto finish;
                 }
 #ifndef LEGACY
@@ -1453,7 +1289,7 @@ static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
 }
 
 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
-        int r;
+        int r = 0;
         WaitData d;
 
         assert(bus);
@@ -1462,231 +1298,177 @@ static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
         zero(d);
         d.set = s;
 
-        if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
-                log_error("Failed to add filter.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL))
+                return log_oom();
 
-        while (!set_isempty(s) &&
-               dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
-                ;
+        while (!set_isempty(s)) {
 
-        if (!arg_quiet && d.result) {
-                if (streq(d.result, "timeout"))
-                        log_error("Job timed out.");
-                else if (streq(d.result, "canceled"))
-                        log_error("Job canceled.");
-                else if (streq(d.result, "dependency"))
-                        log_error("A dependency job failed. See system journal for details.");
-                else if (!streq(d.result, "done") && !streq(d.result, "skipped"))
-                        log_error("Job failed. See system journal and 'systemctl status' for details.");
-        }
+                if (!dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1)) {
+                        log_error("Disconnected from bus.");
+                        return -ECONNREFUSED;
+                }
 
-        if (streq_ptr(d.result, "timeout"))
-                r = -ETIME;
-        else if (streq_ptr(d.result, "canceled"))
-                r = -ECANCELED;
-        else if (!streq_ptr(d.result, "done") && !streq_ptr(d.result, "skipped"))
-                r = -EIO;
-        else
-                r = 0;
+                if (!d.result)
+                        goto free_name;
 
-        free(d.result);
+                if (!arg_quiet) {
+                        if (streq(d.result, "timeout"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s timed out.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (streq(d.result, "canceled"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s canceled.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (streq(d.result, "dependency"))
+                                log_error("A dependency job for %s failed. See 'journalctl -xn' for details.", strna(d.name));
+                        else if (!streq(d.result, "done") && !streq(d.result, "skipped"))
+                                log_error("Job for %s failed. See 'systemctl status %s' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.", strna(d.name), strna(d.name));
+                }
+
+                if (streq_ptr(d.result, "timeout"))
+                        r = -ETIME;
+                else if (streq_ptr(d.result, "canceled"))
+                        r = -ECANCELED;
+                else if (!streq_ptr(d.result, "done") && !streq_ptr(d.result, "skipped"))
+                        r = -EIO;
 
-finish:
-        /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
+                free(d.result);
+                d.result = NULL;
 
+        free_name:
+                free(d.name);
+                d.name = NULL;
+        }
+
+        dbus_connection_remove_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d);
         return r;
 }
 
-static int get_unit_path(
-                DBusConnection *bus,
-                const char *name,
-                char **unit_path) {
-
+static int check_one_unit(DBusConnection *bus, const char *name, char **check_states, bool quiet) {
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
+        const char
+                *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+                *property = "ActiveState";
+        const char *state, *path;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
         DBusError error;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        char *path;
-        int r = 0;
+        int r;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(name);
-        assert(unit_path);
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call("org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                         "GetUnit");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnit",
+                        &reply,
+                        &error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                dbus_error_free(&error);
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                if (streq(error.name, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_UNIT))
-                        r = -EINVAL;
-                else {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                }
-                goto finish;
+                if (!quiet)
+                        puts("unknown");
+                return 0;
         }
 
-        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
+        if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, NULL,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        *unit_path = strdup(path);
-        if (!(*unit_path)) {
-               log_error("Failed to duplicate unit path");
-               r = -ENOMEM;
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return -EIO;
         }
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-static int is_socket_listening(
-                DBusConnection *bus,
-                const char *socket_name) {
-
-        DBusError error;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-        char *socket_object_path = NULL;
-        const char *sub_state = NULL,
-                   *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
-                   *property = "SubState";
-        int r = 0;
 
-        assert(bus);
-        assert(socket_name);
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        r = get_unit_path(bus, socket_name, &socket_object_path);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto finish;
-
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call("org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                         socket_object_path,
-                                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                                         "Get");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        reply = NULL;
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (!quiet)
+                        puts("unknown");
+                return 0;
         }
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return r;
         }
 
-        dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter);
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 
-        if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+        if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return r;
         }
-        dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &sub_state);
-        r = streq(sub_state, "listening");
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        if (!quiet)
+                puts(state);
 
-        free(socket_object_path);
-        return r;
+        return strv_find(check_states, state) ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
-static void check_listening_sockets(
+static void check_triggering_units(
                 DBusConnection *bus,
                 const char *unit_name) {
 
-        DBusError error;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-        const char *service_trigger = NULL,
-                   *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
+        const char *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                    *triggered_by_property = "TriggeredBy";
 
-        char *unit_path = NULL;
+        char _cleanup_free_ *unit_path = NULL, *n = NULL;
         bool print_warning_label = true;
+        int r;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        if (get_unit_path(bus, unit_name, &unit_path) < 0)
-                goto finish;
-
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call("org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                         unit_path,
-                                         "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                                         "Get");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                goto finish;
+        n = unit_name_mangle(unit_name);
+        if (!n) {
+                log_oom();
+                return;
         }
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &triggered_by_property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                goto finish;
+        unit_path = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n);
+        if (!unit_path) {
+                log_oom();
+                return;
         }
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        unit_path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &triggered_by_property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return;
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT) {
-                log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                goto finish;
-
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return;
         }
 
         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
@@ -1694,42 +1476,34 @@ static void check_listening_sockets(
         sub = iter;
 
         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
-                int r;
+                const char * const check_states[] = {
+                        "active",
+                        "reloading",
+                        NULL
+                };
+                const char *service_trigger;
 
                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        goto finish;
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                        return;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &service_trigger);
 
-                if (!endswith(service_trigger, ".socket"))
-                        goto next;
-
-                r = is_socket_listening(bus, service_trigger);
+                r = check_one_unit(bus, service_trigger, (char**) check_states, true);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        goto finish;
-                if (r == 1) {
+                        return;
+                if (r > 0) {
                         if (print_warning_label) {
-                                log_warning("There are listening sockets associated with %s :", unit_name);
+                                log_warning("Warning: Stopping %s, but it can still be activated by:", unit_name);
                                 print_warning_label = false;
                         }
-                        log_warning("%s", service_trigger);
-                }
-next:
-                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
-                iter = sub;
-        }
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                        log_warning("  %s", service_trigger);
+                }
 
-        free(unit_path);
+                dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
+        }
 }
 
 static int start_unit_one(
@@ -1740,92 +1514,68 @@ static int start_unit_one(
                 DBusError *error,
                 Set *s) {
 
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *path;
         int r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n, *p = NULL;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(method);
         assert(name);
         assert(mode);
         assert(error);
-        assert(arg_no_block || s);
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        n = unit_name_mangle(name);
+        if (!n)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, error))) {
-
-                if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(error)) {
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        &reply,
+                        error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &n,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r) {
+                if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
                          * legacy actions. */
                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                else
+                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
 
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return r;
         }
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
-        if (need_daemon_reload(bus, name))
-                log_warning("Warning: Unit file of created job changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
-                            arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
+        if (need_daemon_reload(bus, n))
+                log_warning("Warning: Unit file of %s changed on disk, 'systemctl %s daemon-reload' recommended.",
+                            n, arg_scope == UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM ? "--system" : "--user");
 
-        if (!arg_no_block) {
-                char *p;
-
-                if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        if (s) {
+                p = strdup(path);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-                if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
-                        free(p);
+                r = set_put(s, p);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
-                        goto finish;
+                        return r;
                 }
-        }
 
-        /* When stopping unit check if we have some listening sockets active */
-        if (streq(method, "StopUnit") && !arg_quiet)
-                check_listening_sockets(bus, name);
-
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                p = NULL;
+        }
 
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
@@ -1849,6 +1599,8 @@ static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
                 return ACTION_SUSPEND;
         else if (streq(verb, "hibernate"))
                 return ACTION_HIBERNATE;
+        else if (streq(verb, "hybrid-sleep"))
+                return ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP;
         else
                 return ACTION_INVALID;
 }
@@ -1869,7 +1621,8 @@ static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET,
                 [ACTION_EXIT] = SPECIAL_EXIT_TARGET,
                 [ACTION_SUSPEND] = SPECIAL_SUSPEND_TARGET,
-                [ACTION_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET
+                [ACTION_HIBERNATE] = SPECIAL_HIBERNATE_TARGET,
+                [ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP] = SPECIAL_HYBRID_SLEEP_TARGET
         };
 
         int r, ret = 0;
@@ -1926,39 +1679,53 @@ static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         }
 
         if (!arg_no_block) {
-                if ((ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
+                ret = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus);
+                if (ret < 0) {
                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-ret));
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-                if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
-                        ret = -ENOMEM;
+                s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
+                if (!s) {
+                        ret = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
         }
 
         if (one_name) {
-                if ((ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s)) <= 0)
-                        goto finish;
+                ret = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, &error, s);
+                if (ret < 0)
+                        ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(ret, &error);
         } else {
-                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
-                        if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s)) != 0) {
+                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                        r = start_unit_one(bus, method, *name, mode, &error, s);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 ret = translate_bus_error_to_exit_status(r, &error);
                                 dbus_error_free(&error);
                         }
+                }
         }
 
-        if (!arg_no_block)
-                if ((r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s)) < 0) {
+        if (!arg_no_block) {
+                r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         ret = r;
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-finish:
-        if (s)
-                set_free_free(s);
+                /* When stopping units, warn if they can still be triggered by
+                 * another active unit (socket, path, timer) */
+                if (!arg_quiet && streq(method, "StopUnit")) {
+                        if (one_name)
+                                check_triggering_units(bus, one_name);
+                        else
+                                STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
+                                        check_triggering_units(bus, *name);
+                }
+        }
 
+finish:
+        set_free_free(s);
         dbus_error_free(&error);
 
         return ret;
@@ -1969,12 +1736,10 @@ finish:
 static int reboot_with_logind(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
 #ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
         const char *method;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
         dbus_bool_t interactive = true;
-        int r;
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        if (!bus)
+                return -EIO;
 
         polkit_agent_open_if_enabled();
 
@@ -1996,62 +1761,133 @@ static int reboot_with_logind(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
                 method = "Hibernate";
                 break;
 
+        case ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP:
+                method = "HybridSleep";
+                break;
+
         default:
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                "org.freedesktop.login1",
-                                "/org/freedesktop/login1",
-                                "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
-                                method);
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        return bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &interactive,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+#else
+        return -ENOSYS;
+#endif
+}
 
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &interactive,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
+static int check_inhibitors(DBusConnection *bus, enum action a) {
+#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
+        int r;
+        unsigned c = 0;
+
+        if (!bus)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (arg_ignore_inhibitors || arg_force > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (arg_when > 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (geteuid() == 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!on_tty())
+                return 0;
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/login1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.login1.Manager",
+                        "ListInhibitors",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
+                /* If logind is not around, then there are no inhibitors... */
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
+            dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
+                log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                return -EIO;
         }
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
-                        log_debug("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -ENOENT;
-                        goto finish;
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+        while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
+                const char *what, *who, *why, *mode;
+                uint32_t uid, pid;
+                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **sv = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *comm = NULL;
+
+                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
-                if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)) {
-                        log_debug("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EACCES;
-                        goto finish;
+                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
+
+                if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &what, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &who, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &why, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &uid, true) < 0 ||
+                    bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid, false) < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
+                        return -EIO;
                 }
 
-                log_info("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+                if (!streq(mode, "block"))
+                        goto next;
 
-        r = 0;
+                sv = strv_split(what, ":");
+                if (!sv)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+                if (!strv_contains(sv,
+                                  a == ACTION_HALT ||
+                                  a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
+                                  a == ACTION_REBOOT ||
+                                  a == ACTION_KEXEC ? "shutdown" : "sleep"))
+                        goto next;
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                get_process_comm(pid, &comm);
+                log_warning("Operation inhibited by \"%s\" (PID %lu \"%s\", UID %lu), reason is \"%s\".", who, (unsigned long) pid, strna(comm), (unsigned long) uid, why);
+                c++;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        next:
+                dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
+        }
 
-        return r;
+        dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+
+        if (c <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_error("Please try again after closing inhibitors or ignore them with 'systemctl %s -i'.",
+                  a == ACTION_HALT ? "halt" :
+                  a == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "poweroff" :
+                  a == ACTION_REBOOT ? "reboot" :
+                  a == ACTION_KEXEC ? "kexec" :
+                  a == ACTION_SUSPEND ? "suspend" :
+                  a == ACTION_HIBERNATE ? "hibernate" : "hybrid-sleep");
+
+        return -EPERM;
 #else
-        return -ENOSYS;
+        return 0;
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -2063,6 +1899,10 @@ static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         a = verb_to_action(args[0]);
 
+        r = check_inhibitors(bus, a);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         if (arg_force >= 2 && geteuid() != 0) {
                 log_error("Must be root.");
                 return -EPERM;
@@ -2087,204 +1927,102 @@ static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
             (a == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
              a == ACTION_REBOOT ||
              a == ACTION_SUSPEND ||
-             a == ACTION_HIBERNATE)) {
+             a == ACTION_HIBERNATE ||
+             a == ACTION_HYBRID_SLEEP)) {
                 r = reboot_with_logind(bus, a);
-                if (r >= 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
-        r = start_unit(bus, args);
-        if (r >= 0)
-                warn_wall(a);
-
-        return r;
-}
-
-static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        const char
-                *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
-                *property = "ActiveState";
-        int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
-        DBusError error;
-        char **name;
-
-        assert(bus);
-        assert(args);
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                const char *path = NULL;
-                const char *state;
-                DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "GetUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
 
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
+        r = start_unit(bus, args);
+        if (r >= 0)
+                warn_wall(a);
 
-                        /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
-                        if (!arg_quiet)
-                                puts("unknown");
+        return r;
+}
 
-                        dbus_error_free(&error);
-                        dbus_message_unref(m);
-                        m = NULL;
-                        continue;
-                }
+static int check_unit_active(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        const char * const check_states[] = {
+                "active",
+                "reloading",
+                NULL
+        };
 
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        char **name;
+        int r = 3; /* According to LSB: "program is not running" */
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      path,
-                                      "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                                      "Get"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
 
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                int state;
 
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, (char**) check_states, arg_quiet);
+                if (state < 0)
+                        return state;
+                if (state > 0)
+                        r = 0;
+        }
 
-                if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
-                    dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        return r;
+}
 
-                dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
+static int check_unit_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
+        const char * const check_states[] = {
+                "failed",
+                NULL
+        };
 
-                if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        char **name;
+        int r = 1;
 
-                dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
 
-                if (!arg_quiet)
-                        puts(state);
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
+                int state;
 
-                if (streq(state, "active") || streq(state, "reloading"))
+                state = check_one_unit(bus, *name, (char**) check_states, arg_quiet);
+                if (state < 0)
+                        return state;
+                if (state > 0)
                         r = 0;
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
         }
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int kill_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        int r = 0;
-        DBusError error;
         char **name;
+        int r = 0;
 
         assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         if (!arg_kill_who)
                 arg_kill_who = "all";
 
-        if (!arg_kill_mode)
-                arg_kill_mode = streq(arg_kill_who, "all") ? "control-group" : "process";
-
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "KillUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_mode,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        dbus_error_free(&error);
-                        r = -EIO;
-                }
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
 
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
 
-                if (reply)
-                        dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "KillUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &arg_kill_who,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INT32, &arg_signal,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
         }
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 typedef struct ExecStatusInfo {
@@ -2448,7 +2186,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         ExecStatusInfo *p;
         const char *on, *off, *ss;
         usec_t timestamp;
-        char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_PRETTY_MAX], *s1;
+        char since1[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_RELATIVE_MAX], *s1;
         char since2[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *s2;
         const char *path;
 
@@ -2517,7 +2255,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                     streq_ptr(i->active_state, "activating")    ? i->inactive_exit_timestamp :
                                                                   i->active_exit_timestamp;
 
-        s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
+        s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), timestamp);
         s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), timestamp);
 
         if (s1)
@@ -2528,7 +2266,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                 printf("\n");
 
         if (!i->condition_result && i->condition_timestamp > 0) {
-                s1 = format_timestamp_pretty(since1, sizeof(since1), i->condition_timestamp);
+                s1 = format_timestamp_relative(since1, sizeof(since1), i->condition_timestamp);
                 s2 = format_timestamp(since2, sizeof(since2), i->condition_timestamp);
 
                 if (s1)
@@ -2572,7 +2310,7 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                 printf("\t Process: %u %s=%s ", p->pid, p->name, strna(t));
                 free(t);
 
-                good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status);
+                good = is_clean_exit_lsb(p->code, p->status, NULL);
                 if (!good) {
                         on = ansi_highlight_red(true);
                         off = ansi_highlight_red(false);
@@ -2657,7 +2395,8 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         if (i->status_text)
                 printf("\t  Status: \"%s\"\n", i->status_text);
 
-        if (i->default_control_group) {
+        if (i->default_control_group &&
+            (i->main_pid > 0 || i->control_pid > 0 || cg_is_empty_by_spec(i->default_control_group, false) == 0)) {
                 unsigned c;
 
                 printf("\t  CGroup: %s\n", i->default_control_group);
@@ -2683,8 +2422,20 @@ static void print_status_info(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
         }
 
         if (i->id && arg_transport != TRANSPORT_SSH) {
+                int flags =
+                        arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
+                        (!on_tty() || pager_have()) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
+                        on_tty() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
+                        !arg_quiet * OUTPUT_WARN_CUTOFF;
+
                 printf("\n");
-                show_journal_by_unit(i->id, arg_output, 0, i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic, arg_lines, arg_all, arg_follow);
+                show_journal_by_unit(stdout,
+                                     i->id,
+                                     arg_output,
+                                     0,
+                                     i->inactive_exit_timestamp_monotonic,
+                                     arg_lines,
+                                     flags);
         }
 
         if (i->need_daemon_reload)
@@ -2721,14 +2472,14 @@ static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
                         if (e) {
                                 page = strndup((*p) + 4, e - *p - 4);
                                 if (!page) {
-                                        log_error("Out of memory.");
+                                        log_oom();
                                         return;
                                 }
 
                                 section = strndup(e + 1, *p + k - e - 2);
                                 if (!section) {
                                         free(page);
-                                        log_error("Out of memory");
+                                        log_oom();
                                         return;
                                 }
 
@@ -2757,7 +2508,7 @@ static void show_unit_help(UnitStatusInfo *i) {
 
                         wait_for_terminate(pid, NULL);
                 } else
-                        log_info("Can't show %s.", *p);
+                        log_info("Can't show: %s", *p);
         }
 }
 
@@ -3160,44 +2911,30 @@ static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 }
 
 static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, bool show_properties, bool *new_line) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *interface = "";
         int r;
-        DBusError error;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
         UnitStatusInfo info;
         ExecStatusInfo *p;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(path);
         assert(new_line);
 
         zero(info);
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "GetAll"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "GetAll",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
@@ -3276,50 +3013,32 @@ static int show_one(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, const char *path, boo
         }
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int show_one_by_pid(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, uint32_t pid, bool *new_line) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         const char *path = NULL;
         DBusError error;
         int r;
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "GetUnitByPID");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "GetUnitByPID",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &pid,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
@@ -3332,9 +3051,6 @@ static int show_one_by_pid(const char *verb, DBusConnection *bus, uint32_t pid,
         r = show_one(verb, bus, path, false, new_line);
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -3367,17 +3083,14 @@ static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 uint32_t id;
 
                 if (safe_atou32(*name, &id) < 0) {
-
+                        char *p, *n;
                         /* Interpret as unit name */
 
-                        char *e, *p;
-                        e = bus_path_escape(*name);
-                        if (!e)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-                        p = strappend("/org/freedesktop/systemd1/unit/", e);
-                        free(e);
+                        n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                        p = unit_dbus_path_from_name(n ? n : *name);
+                        free(n);
                         if (!p)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
+                                return log_oom();
 
                         r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
                         free(p);
@@ -3391,7 +3104,7 @@ static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
                         char *p;
                         if (asprintf(&p, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1/job/%u", id) < 0)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
+                                return log_oom();
 
                         r = show_one(args[0], bus, p, show_properties, &new_line);
                         free(p);
@@ -3413,7 +3126,7 @@ static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 }
 
 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
         int r;
         const char *text;
@@ -3422,20 +3135,17 @@ static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "Dump"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "Dump",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
@@ -3447,12 +3157,7 @@ static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         fputs(text, stdout);
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -3462,44 +3167,37 @@ finish:
 }
 
 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
         int r;
-        const char *name = "", *path, *id;
         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
         const char
+                *name = "", *path, *id,
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
                 *property = "Id";
+        _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              "CreateSnapshot"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (strv_length(args) > 1)
+        if (strv_length(args) > 1) {
                 name = args[1];
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
+                n = unit_name_mangle(name);
         }
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "CreateSnapshot",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? (const char**) &n : &name,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
@@ -3509,31 +3207,22 @@ static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        dbus_message_unref(m);
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              path,
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        reply = NULL;
+
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r < 0)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
@@ -3554,110 +3243,44 @@ static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
 
         if (!arg_quiet)
                 puts(id);
-        r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         dbus_error_free(&error);
 
         return r;
 }
 
 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        int r;
-        DBusError error;
         char **name;
 
-        assert(bus);
         assert(args);
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                const char *path = NULL;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "GetUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
-                                           DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      path,
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
-                                      "Remove"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
-        }
-
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+                _cleanup_free_ char *n = NULL;
+                int r;
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "RemoveSnapshot",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
 
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
         int r;
         const char *method;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        DBusError error;
 
         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
                 method = "Reload";
@@ -3679,141 +3302,82 @@ static int daemon_reload(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                     /* "daemon-reload" */ "Reload";
         }
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-
-                if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
-                        /* There's always a fallback possible for
-                         * legacy actions. */
-                        r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (streq(method, "Reexecute") && dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_REPLY)) {
-                        /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not
-                         * a reply */
-                        r = 0;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method,
+                        NULL,
+                        &error,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+
+        if (r == -ENOENT && arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL)
+                /* There's always a fallback possible for
+                 * legacy actions. */
+                r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+        else if (r == -ETIMEDOUT && streq(method, "Reexecute"))
+                /* On reexecution, we expect a disconnect, not
+                 * a reply */
+                r = 0;
+        else if (r)
                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        r = 0;
-
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         dbus_error_free(&error);
 
         return r;
 }
 
 static int reset_failed(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL;
-        int r;
-        DBusError error;
-        char **name;
-
-        assert(bus);
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        int r = 0;
+        char **name, *n;
 
         if (strv_length(args) <= 1)
                 return daemon_reload(bus, args);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
-                DBusMessage *reply;
-
-                if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                                      "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                                      "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                      "ResetFailedUnit"))) {
-                        log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                              DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                        log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                        r = -EIO;
+                n = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+                r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                                "ResetFailedUnit",
+                                NULL,
+                                NULL,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_STRING, n ? &n : name,
+                                DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                free(n);
+                if (r)
                         goto finish;
-                }
-
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                m = reply = NULL;
         }
 
-        r = 0;
-
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
-        DBusError error;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
         int r;
         const char
                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                 *property = "Environment";
 
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
-
         pager_open_if_enabled();
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
-                              "Get"))) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
-                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
+                        "Get",
+                        &reply,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+        if (r)
                 goto finish;
-        }
 
         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
@@ -3851,25 +3415,16 @@ static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int switch_root(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         unsigned l;
-        const char *root, *init;
-        DBusError error;
-        int r;
-
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
+        const char *root;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *init = NULL;
 
         l = strv_length(args);
         if (l < 2 || l > 3) {
@@ -3878,56 +3433,46 @@ static int switch_root(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         }
 
         root = args[1];
-        init = l >= 3 ? args[2] : "";
-
-        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                        "SwitchRoot");
-        if (!m) {
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_append_args(
-                            m,
-                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &root,
-                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &init,
-                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
 
-        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-        if (!reply) {
-                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        if (l >= 3)
+                init = strdup(args[2]);
+        else {
+                parse_env_file("/proc/cmdline", WHITESPACE,
+                               "init", &init,
+                               NULL);
 
-        r = 0;
+                if (!init)
+                        init = strdup("");
 
-finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
+                if (!init)
+                        return log_oom();
 
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
+        }
 
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
+        log_debug("switching root - root: %s; init: %s", root, init);
 
-        return r;
+        return bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "SwitchRoot",
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &root,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &init,
+                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
 }
 
 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_dbus_message_unref_ DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         DBusError error;
-        int r;
         const char *method;
-        DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
-        char **name;
+        DBusMessageIter iter;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(bus);
+        assert(args);
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
@@ -3935,38 +3480,22 @@ static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 ? "SetEnvironment"
                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
 
-        if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
-                              "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
-                              "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                              method))) {
-
-                log_error("Could not allocate message.");
-                return -ENOMEM;
-        }
+        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        method);
+        if (!m)
+                return log_oom();
 
         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
 
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1)
-                if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name)) {
-                        log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-        if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
-                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                r = -ENOMEM;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+        r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args + 1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_oom();
 
-        if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
+        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
+        if (!reply) {
                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
                 r = -EIO;
                 goto finish;
@@ -3975,21 +3504,14 @@ static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
-        if (reply)
-                dbus_message_unref(reply);
-
         dbus_error_free(&error);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
         int r = 0;
 
-#if defined (HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && (defined(TARGET_FEDORA) || defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA) || defined(TARGET_SUSE) || defined(TARGET_MEEGO) || defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX) || defined(TARGET_MAGEIA))
+#if defined(HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT) && defined(HAVE_CHKCONFIG)
         const char *verb = args[0];
         unsigned f = 1, t = 1;
         LookupPaths paths;
@@ -4006,7 +3528,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
          * afterwards only the native units remain */
 
         zero(paths);
-        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, MANAGER_SYSTEM, false, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+        r = lookup_paths_init(&paths, SYSTEMD_SYSTEM, false, NULL, NULL, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -4039,8 +3561,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
                                 asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", *k, name);
 
                         if (!p) {
-                                log_error("No memory");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                r = log_oom();
                                 goto finish;
                         }
 
@@ -4060,8 +3581,7 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
                 else
                         asprintf(&p, SYSTEM_SYSVINIT_PATH "/%s", name);
                 if (!p) {
-                        log_error("No memory");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -4089,10 +3609,9 @@ static int enable_sysv_units(char **args) {
 
                 l = strv_join((char**)argv, " ");
                 if (!l) {
-                        log_error("No memory.");
                         free(q);
                         free(p);
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -4162,6 +3681,38 @@ finish:
         return r;
 }
 
+static int mangle_names(char **original_names, char ***mangled_names) {
+        char **i, **l, **name;
+
+        l = new(char*, strv_length(original_names) + 1);
+        if (!l)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        i = l;
+        STRV_FOREACH(name, original_names) {
+
+                /* When enabling units qualified path names are OK,
+                 * too, hence allow them explicitly. */
+
+                if (is_path(*name))
+                        *i = strdup(*name);
+                else
+                        *i = unit_name_mangle(*name);
+
+                if (!*i) {
+                        strv_free(l);
+                        return log_oom();
+                }
+
+                i++;
+        }
+
+        *i = NULL;
+        *mangled_names = l;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         const char *verb = args[0];
         UnitFileChange *changes = NULL;
@@ -4170,6 +3721,7 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
         int r;
         DBusError error;
+        char **mangled_names = NULL;
 
         r = enable_sysv_units(args);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -4215,6 +3767,7 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                         }
                 }
 
+                r = 0;
         } else {
                 const char *method;
                 bool send_force = true, expect_carries_install_info = false;
@@ -4249,14 +3802,17 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                 "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
                                 method);
                 if (!m) {
-                        log_error("Out of memory");
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                        r = log_oom();
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
                 dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
 
-                r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, args+1);
+                r = mangle_names(args+1, &mangled_names);
+                if(r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                r = bus_append_strv_iter(&iter, mangled_names);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to append unit files.");
                         goto finish;
@@ -4344,7 +3900,16 @@ static int enable_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         }
 
         if (carries_install_info == 0)
-                log_warning("Warning: unit files do not carry install information. No operation executed.");
+                log_warning(
+"The unit files have no [Install] section. They are not meant to be enabled\n"
+"using systemctl.\n"
+"Possible reasons for having this kind of units are:\n"
+"1) A unit may be statically enabled by being symlinked from another unit's\n"
+"   .wants/ or .requires/ directory.\n"
+"2) A unit's purpose may be to act as a helper for some other unit which has\n"
+"   a requirement dependency on it.\n"
+"3) A unit may be started when needed via activation (socket, path, timer,\n"
+"   D-Bus, udev, scripted systemctl call, ...).\n");
 
 finish:
         if (m)
@@ -4356,13 +3921,16 @@ finish:
         unit_file_changes_free(changes, n_changes);
 
         dbus_error_free(&error);
+
+        strv_free(mangled_names);
+
         return r;
 }
 
 static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         DBusError error;
         int r;
-        DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
+        DBusMessage *reply = NULL;
         bool enabled;
         char **name;
 
@@ -4398,31 +3966,18 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                 STRV_FOREACH(name, args+1) {
                         const char *s;
 
-                        m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
+                        r = bus_method_call_with_reply (
+                                        bus,
                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
                                         "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
                                         "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
-                                        "GetUnitFileState");
-                        if (!m) {
-                                log_error("Out of memory");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                        "GetUnitFileState",
+                                        &reply,
+                                        NULL,
+                                        DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
+                                        DBUS_TYPE_INVALID);
+                        if (r)
                                 goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_STRING, name,
-                                                      DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
-                                log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-
-                        reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error);
-                        if (!reply) {
-                                log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", bus_error_message(&error));
-                                r = -EIO;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
 
                         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
                                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &s,
@@ -4432,9 +3987,8 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
                                 goto finish;
                         }
 
-                        dbus_message_unref(m);
                         dbus_message_unref(reply);
-                        m = reply = NULL;
+                        reply = NULL;
 
                         if (streq(s, "enabled") ||
                             streq(s, "enabled-runtime") ||
@@ -4449,9 +4003,6 @@ static int unit_is_enabled(DBusConnection *bus, char **args) {
         r = enabled ? 0 : 1;
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
-                dbus_message_unref(m);
-
         if (reply)
                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 
@@ -4476,6 +4027,8 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "                      pending\n"
                "     --ignore-dependencies\n"
                "                      When queueing a new job, ignore all its dependencies\n"
+               "  -i --ignore-inhibitors\n"
+               "                      When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors\n"
                "     --kill-who=WHO   Who to send signal to\n"
                "  -s --signal=SIGNAL  Which signal to send\n"
                "  -H --host=[USER@]HOST\n"
@@ -4500,9 +4053,8 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "     --root=PATH      Enable unit files in the specified root directory\n"
                "     --runtime        Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot\n"
                "  -n --lines=INTEGER  Journal entries to show\n"
-               "     --follow         Follow journal\n"
                "  -o --output=STRING  Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,\n"
-               "                      verbose, export, json, cat)\n\n"
+               "                      verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n\n"
                "Unit Commands:\n"
                "  list-units                      List loaded units\n"
                "  start [NAME...]                 Start (activate) one or more units\n"
@@ -4510,13 +4062,14 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
                "  restart [NAME...]               Start or restart one or more units\n"
                "  try-restart [NAME...]           Restart one or more units if active\n"
-               "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
+               "  reload-or-restart [NAME...]     Reload one or more units if possible,\n"
                "                                  otherwise start or restart\n"
-               "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units is possible,\n"
+               "  reload-or-try-restart [NAME...] Reload one or more units if possible,\n"
                "                                  otherwise restart if active\n"
                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
                "  kill [NAME...]                  Send signal to processes of a unit\n"
                "  is-active [NAME...]             Check whether units are active\n"
+               "  is-failed [NAME...]             Check whether units are failed\n"
                "  status [NAME...|PID...]         Show runtime status of one or more units\n"
                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show properties of one or more\n"
                "                                  units/jobs or the manager\n"
@@ -4563,7 +4116,8 @@ static int systemctl_help(void) {
                "  exit                            Request user instance exit\n"
                "  switch-root [ROOT] [INIT]       Change to a different root file system\n"
                "  suspend                         Suspend the system\n"
-               "  hibernate                       Hibernate the system\n",
+               "  hibernate                       Hibernate the system\n"
+               "  hybrid-sleep                    Hibernate and suspend the system\n",
                program_invocation_short_name);
 
         return 0;
@@ -4580,7 +4134,6 @@ static int halt_help(void) {
                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
-               "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
                program_invocation_short_name,
                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
@@ -4635,6 +4188,22 @@ static int runlevel_help(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int help_types(void) {
+        int i;
+
+        puts("Available unit types:");
+        for(i = UNIT_SERVICE; i < _UNIT_TYPE_MAX; i++)
+                if (unit_type_table[i])
+                        puts(unit_type_table[i]);
+
+        puts("\nAvailable unit load states: ");
+        for(i = UNIT_STUB; i < _UNIT_LOAD_STATE_MAX; i++)
+                if (unit_type_table[i])
+                        puts(unit_load_state_table[i]);
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         enum {
@@ -4653,12 +4222,10 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 ARG_ROOT,
                 ARG_FULL,
                 ARG_NO_RELOAD,
-                ARG_KILL_MODE,
                 ARG_KILL_WHO,
                 ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD,
                 ARG_FAILED,
                 ARG_RUNTIME,
-                ARG_FOLLOW,
                 ARG_FORCE
         };
 
@@ -4672,6 +4239,7 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "full",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL      },
                 { "fail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FAIL      },
                 { "ignore-dependencies", no_argument, NULL, ARG_IGNORE_DEPENDENCIES },
+                { "ignore-inhibitors", no_argument, NULL, 'i'         },
                 { "user",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER      },
                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM    },
                 { "global",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_GLOBAL    },
@@ -4685,7 +4253,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "root",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT      },
                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE     },
                 { "no-reload", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_RELOAD },
-                { "kill-mode", required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_MODE }, /* undocumented on purpose */
                 { "kill-who",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_KILL_WHO  },
                 { "signal",    required_argument, NULL, 's'           },
                 { "no-ask-password", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_ASK_PASSWORD },
@@ -4693,7 +4260,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "privileged",no_argument,       NULL, 'P'           },
                 { "runtime",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_RUNTIME   },
                 { "lines",     required_argument, NULL, 'n'           },
-                { "follow",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FOLLOW    },
                 { "output",    required_argument, NULL, 'o'           },
                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0             }
         };
@@ -4703,7 +4269,7 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         assert(argc >= 0);
         assert(argv);
 
-        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:H:Pn:o:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aqfs:H:Pn:o:i", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
 
                 switch (c) {
 
@@ -4713,14 +4279,27 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case ARG_VERSION:
                         puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
-                        puts(DISTRIBUTION);
                         puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
                         return 0;
 
                 case 't':
-                        arg_type = optarg;
-                        break;
+                        if (streq(optarg, "help")) {
+                                help_types();
+                                return 0;
+                        }
 
+                        if (unit_type_from_string(optarg) >= 0) {
+                                arg_type = optarg;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        if (unit_load_state_from_string(optarg) >= 0) {
+                                arg_load_state = optarg;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        log_error("Unkown unit type or load state '%s'.",
+                                  optarg);
+                        log_info("Use -t help to see a list of allowed values.");
+                        return -EINVAL;
                 case 'p': {
                         char **l;
 
@@ -4805,14 +4384,8 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_force ++;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_FOLLOW:
-                        arg_follow = true;
-                        break;
-
                 case 'f':
-                        /* -f is short for both --follow and --force! */
                         arg_force ++;
-                        arg_follow = true;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_NO_RELOAD:
@@ -4823,10 +4396,6 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_kill_who = optarg;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_KILL_MODE:
-                        arg_kill_mode = optarg;
-                        break;
-
                 case 's':
                         if ((arg_signal = signal_from_string_try_harder(optarg)) < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse signal string %s.", optarg);
@@ -4866,11 +4435,15 @@ static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         }
                         break;
 
+                case 'i':
+                        arg_ignore_inhibitors = true;
+                        break;
+
                 case '?':
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -4900,7 +4473,6 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
-                { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
         };
@@ -4946,16 +4518,13 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
                         break;
 
-                case 'n':
-                        arg_no_sync = true;
-                        break;
-
                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
                         arg_no_wall = true;
                         break;
 
                 case 'i':
                 case 'h':
+                case 'n':
                         /* Compatibility nops */
                         break;
 
@@ -4963,7 +4532,7 @@ static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -5100,12 +4669,12 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
 
-        if (argc > optind) {
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action != ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN) {
                 r = parse_time_spec(argv[optind], &arg_when);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to parse time specification: %s", argv[optind]);
@@ -5114,8 +4683,11 @@ static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else
                 arg_when = now(CLOCK_REALTIME) + USEC_PER_MINUTE;
 
-        /* We skip the time argument */
-        if (argc > optind + 1)
+        if (argc > optind && arg_action == ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN)
+                /* No time argument for shutdown cancel */
+                arg_wall = argv + optind;
+        else if (argc > optind + 1)
+                /* We skip the time argument */
                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
 
         optind = argc;
@@ -5176,7 +4748,7 @@ static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -5201,7 +4773,7 @@ static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
-                log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
+                log_error("Unknown command '%s'.", argv[optind]);
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
@@ -5239,7 +4811,7 @@ static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        log_error("Unknown option code '%c'.", c);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -5384,7 +4956,7 @@ static int talk_upstart(void) {
 
         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 
-                if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
+                if (bus_error_is_no_service(&error)) {
                         r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
                         goto finish;
                 }
@@ -5480,8 +5052,9 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "condrestart",           MORE,  2, start_unit        }, /* For compatibility with RH */
                 { "isolate",               EQUAL, 2, start_unit        },
                 { "kill",                  MORE,  2, kill_unit         },
-                { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit        },
-                { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit        },
+                { "is-active",             MORE,  2, check_unit_active },
+                { "check",                 MORE,  2, check_unit_active },
+                { "is-failed",             MORE,  2, check_unit_failed },
                 { "show",                  MORE,  1, show              },
                 { "status",                MORE,  2, show              },
                 { "help",                  MORE,  2, show              },
@@ -5500,6 +5073,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                 { "kexec",                 EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "suspend",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "hibernate",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
+                { "hybrid-sleep",          EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "default",               EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "rescue",                EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
                 { "emergency",             EQUAL, 1, start_special     },
@@ -5540,7 +5114,7 @@ static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[], DBusError
                                 break;
 
                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
-                        log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
+                        log_error("Unknown operation '%s'.", argv[optind]);
                         return -EINVAL;
                 }
         }
@@ -5704,7 +5278,7 @@ done:
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void halt_now(enum action a) {
+static _noreturn_ void halt_now(enum action a) {
 
        /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
          * point on... */
@@ -5737,6 +5311,10 @@ static void halt_now(enum action a) {
 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
         int r;
 
+        r = check_inhibitors(bus, arg_action);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         if (geteuid() != 0) {
                 /* Try logind if we are a normal user and no special
                  * mode applies. Maybe PolicyKit allows us to shutdown
@@ -5744,7 +5322,7 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
 
                 if (arg_when <= 0 &&
                     !arg_dry &&
-                    !arg_force &&
+                    arg_force <= 0 &&
                     (arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ||
                      arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT)) {
                         r = reboot_with_logind(bus, arg_action);
@@ -5794,9 +5372,6 @@ static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (!arg_no_sync)
-                sync();
-
         if (arg_dry)
                 return 0;
 
@@ -5828,6 +5403,7 @@ int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
 
         dbus_error_init(&error);
 
+        setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
         log_parse_environment();
         log_open();
 
@@ -5894,9 +5470,22 @@ int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
                 r = reload_with_fallback(bus);
                 break;
 
-        case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN:
-                r = send_shutdownd(0, 0, false, false, NULL);
+        case ACTION_CANCEL_SHUTDOWN: {
+                char *m = NULL;
+
+                if (arg_wall) {
+                        m = strv_join(arg_wall, " ");
+                        if (!m) {
+                                retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                }
+                r = send_shutdownd(arg_when, SD_SHUTDOWN_NONE, false, !arg_no_wall, m);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to talk to shutdownd, shutdown hasn't been cancelled: %s", strerror(-r));
+                free(m);
                 break;
+        }
 
         case ACTION_INVALID:
         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL: