chiark / gitweb /
libsystemd-logind: fix detection of session/user/machine of a PID
[elogind.git] / src / shared / cgroup-util.c
index 7efbc2ed39349f601f4f387db8a00f71f559f11c..390259e3e43c5e28b18de5b18494a43291fa0b75 100644 (file)
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "unit-name.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "special.h"
 
 int cg_enumerate_processes(const char *controller, const char *path, FILE **_f) {
-        char *fs;
-        int r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
         FILE *f;
-
-        assert(path);
-        assert(_f);
-
-        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "cgroup.procs", &fs);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return r;
-
-        f = fopen(fs, "re");
-        free(fs);
-
-        if (!f)
-                return -errno;
-
-        *_f = f;
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int cg_enumerate_tasks(const char *controller, const char *path, FILE **_f) {
-        char *fs;
         int r;
-        FILE *f;
 
-        assert(path);
         assert(_f);
 
-        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "tasks", &fs);
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "cgroup.procs", &fs);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         f = fopen(fs, "re");
-        free(fs);
-
         if (!f)
                 return -errno;
 
@@ -88,6 +65,9 @@ int cg_read_pid(FILE *f, pid_t *_pid) {
         /* Note that the cgroup.procs might contain duplicates! See
          * cgroups.txt for details. */
 
+        assert(f);
+        assert(_pid);
+
         errno = 0;
         if (fscanf(f, "%lu", &ul) != 1) {
 
@@ -105,11 +85,10 @@ int cg_read_pid(FILE *f, pid_t *_pid) {
 }
 
 int cg_enumerate_subgroups(const char *controller, const char *path, DIR **_d) {
-        char *fs;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
         int r;
         DIR *d;
 
-        assert(path);
         assert(_d);
 
         /* This is not recursive! */
@@ -119,8 +98,6 @@ int cg_enumerate_subgroups(const char *controller, const char *path, DIR **_d) {
                 return r;
 
         d = opendir(fs);
-        free(fs);
-
         if (!d)
                 return -errno;
 
@@ -132,9 +109,9 @@ int cg_read_subgroup(DIR *d, char **fn) {
         struct dirent *de;
 
         assert(d);
+        assert(fn);
 
-        errno = 0;
-        while ((de = readdir(d))) {
+        FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, return -errno) {
                 char *b;
 
                 if (de->d_type != DT_DIR)
@@ -144,88 +121,68 @@ int cg_read_subgroup(DIR *d, char **fn) {
                     streq(de->d_name, ".."))
                         continue;
 
-                if (!(b = strdup(de->d_name)))
+                b = strdup(de->d_name);
+                if (!b)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
                 *fn = b;
                 return 1;
         }
 
-        if (errno)
-                return -errno;
-
         return 0;
 }
 
-int cg_rmdir(const char *controller, const char *path, bool honour_sticky) {
-        char *p;
+int cg_rmdir(const char *controller, const char *path) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
         int r;
 
         r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &p);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if (honour_sticky) {
-                char *tasks;
-
-                /* If the sticky bit is set don't remove the directory */
-
-                tasks = strappend(p, "/tasks");
-                if (!tasks) {
-                        free(p);
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
-
-                r = file_is_priv_sticky(tasks);
-                free(tasks);
-
-                if (r > 0) {
-                        free(p);
-                        return 0;
-                }
-        }
-
         r = rmdir(p);
-        free(p);
+        if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                return -errno;
 
-        return (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT) ? -errno : 0;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 int cg_kill(const char *controller, const char *path, int sig, bool sigcont, bool ignore_self, Set *s) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *allocated_set = NULL;
         bool done = false;
         int r, ret = 0;
         pid_t my_pid;
-        FILE *f = NULL;
-        Set *allocated_set = NULL;
 
-        assert(controller);
-        assert(path);
         assert(sig >= 0);
 
         /* This goes through the tasks list and kills them all. This
          * is repeated until no further processes are added to the
          * tasks list, to properly handle forking processes */
 
-        if (!s)
-                if (!(s = allocated_set = set_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func)))
+        if (!s) {
+                s = allocated_set = set_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
+                if (!s)
                         return -ENOMEM;
+        }
 
         my_pid = getpid();
 
         do {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
                 pid_t pid = 0;
                 done = true;
 
-                if ((r = cg_enumerate_processes(controller, path, &f)) < 0) {
+                r = cg_enumerate_processes(controller, path, &f);
+                if (r < 0) {
                         if (ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                                ret = r;
+                                return r;
 
-                        goto finish;
+                        return ret;
                 }
 
                 while ((r = cg_read_pid(f, &pid)) > 0) {
 
-                        if (pid == my_pid && ignore_self)
+                        if (ignore_self && pid == my_pid)
                                 continue;
 
                         if (set_get(s, LONG_TO_PTR(pid)) == LONG_TO_PTR(pid))
@@ -246,100 +203,77 @@ int cg_kill(const char *controller, const char *path, int sig, bool sigcont, boo
 
                         done = false;
 
-                        if ((r = set_put(s, LONG_TO_PTR(pid))) < 0) {
+                        r = set_put(s, LONG_TO_PTR(pid));
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 if (ret >= 0)
-                                        ret = r;
+                                        return r;
 
-                                goto finish;
+                                return ret;
                         }
                 }
 
                 if (r < 0) {
                         if (ret >= 0)
-                                ret = r;
+                                return r;
 
-                        goto finish;
+                        return ret;
                 }
 
-                fclose(f);
-                f = NULL;
-
                 /* To avoid racing against processes which fork
                  * quicker than we can kill them we repeat this until
                  * no new pids need to be killed. */
 
         } while (!done);
 
-finish:
-        if (allocated_set)
-                set_free(allocated_set);
-
-        if (f)
-                fclose(f);
-
         return ret;
 }
 
 int cg_kill_recursive(const char *controller, const char *path, int sig, bool sigcont, bool ignore_self, bool rem, Set *s) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *allocated_set = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
         int r, ret = 0;
-        DIR *d = NULL;
         char *fn;
-        Set *allocated_set = NULL;
 
         assert(path);
-        assert(controller);
         assert(sig >= 0);
 
-        if (!s)
-                if (!(s = allocated_set = set_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func)))
+        if (!s) {
+                s = allocated_set = set_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
+                if (!s)
                         return -ENOMEM;
+        }
 
         ret = cg_kill(controller, path, sig, sigcont, ignore_self, s);
 
-        if ((r = cg_enumerate_subgroups(controller, path, &d)) < 0) {
+        r = cg_enumerate_subgroups(controller, path, &d);
+        if (r < 0) {
                 if (ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                        ret = r;
+                        return r;
 
-                goto finish;
+                return ret;
         }
 
         while ((r = cg_read_subgroup(d, &fn)) > 0) {
-                char *p = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 
-                r = asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", path, fn);
+                p = strjoin(path, "/", fn, NULL);
                 free(fn);
-
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        if (ret >= 0)
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
-
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
                 r = cg_kill_recursive(controller, p, sig, sigcont, ignore_self, rem, s);
-                free(p);
-
-                if (r != 0 && ret >= 0)
+                if (ret >= 0 && r != 0)
                         ret = r;
         }
 
-        if (r < 0 && ret >= 0)
+        if (ret >= 0 && r < 0)
                 ret = r;
 
-        if (rem)
-                if ((r = cg_rmdir(controller, path, true)) < 0) {
-                        if (ret >= 0 &&
-                            r != -ENOENT &&
-                            r != -EBUSY)
-                                ret = r;
-                }
-
-finish:
-        if (d)
-                closedir(d);
-
-        if (allocated_set)
-                set_free(allocated_set);
+        if (rem) {
+                r = cg_rmdir(controller, path);
+                if (r < 0 && ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT && r != -EBUSY)
+                        return r;
+        }
 
         return ret;
 }
@@ -348,7 +282,6 @@ int cg_kill_recursive_and_wait(const char *controller, const char *path, bool re
         unsigned i;
 
         assert(path);
-        assert(controller);
 
         /* This safely kills all processes; first it sends a SIGTERM,
          * then checks 8 times after 200ms whether the group is now
@@ -366,7 +299,8 @@ int cg_kill_recursive_and_wait(const char *controller, const char *path, bool re
                 else
                         sig = 0;
 
-                if ((r = cg_kill_recursive(controller, path, sig, true, true, rem, NULL)) <= 0)
+                r = cg_kill_recursive(controller, path, sig, true, true, rem, NULL);
+                if (r <= 0)
                         return r;
 
                 usleep(200 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
@@ -380,7 +314,6 @@ int cg_migrate(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto, const char
         _cleanup_set_free_ Set *s = NULL;
         int r, ret = 0;
         pid_t my_pid;
-        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
 
         assert(cfrom);
         assert(pfrom);
@@ -394,13 +327,14 @@ int cg_migrate(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto, const char
         my_pid = getpid();
 
         do {
+                _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
                 pid_t pid = 0;
                 done = true;
 
-                r = cg_enumerate_tasks(cfrom, pfrom, &f);
+                r = cg_enumerate_processes(cfrom, pfrom, &f);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         if (ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                                ret = r;
+                                return r;
 
                         return ret;
                 }
@@ -410,7 +344,7 @@ int cg_migrate(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto, const char
                         /* This might do weird stuff if we aren't a
                          * single-threaded program. However, we
                          * luckily know we are not */
-                        if (pid == my_pid && ignore_self)
+                        if (ignore_self && pid == my_pid)
                                 continue;
 
                         if (set_get(s, LONG_TO_PTR(pid)) == LONG_TO_PTR(pid))
@@ -428,7 +362,7 @@ int cg_migrate(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto, const char
                         r = set_put(s, LONG_TO_PTR(pid));
                         if (r < 0) {
                                 if (ret >= 0)
-                                        ret = r;
+                                        return r;
 
                                 return ret;
                         }
@@ -436,21 +370,25 @@ int cg_migrate(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto, const char
 
                 if (r < 0) {
                         if (ret >= 0)
-                                ret = r;
+                                return r;
 
                         return ret;
                 }
-
-                fclose(f);
-                f = NULL;
         } while (!done);
 
         return ret;
 }
 
-int cg_migrate_recursive(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto, const char *pto, bool ignore_self, bool rem) {
-        int r, ret = 0;
+int cg_migrate_recursive(
+                const char *cfrom,
+                const char *pfrom,
+                const char *cto,
+                const char *pto,
+                bool ignore_self,
+                bool rem) {
+
         _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        int r, ret = 0;
         char *fn;
 
         assert(cfrom);
@@ -463,7 +401,8 @@ int cg_migrate_recursive(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto,
         r = cg_enumerate_subgroups(cfrom, pfrom, &d);
         if (r < 0) {
                 if (ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                        ret = r;
+                        return r;
+
                 return ret;
         }
 
@@ -474,7 +413,7 @@ int cg_migrate_recursive(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto,
                 free(fn);
                 if (!p) {
                         if (ret >= 0)
-                                ret = -ENOMEM;
+                                return -ENOMEM;
 
                         return ret;
                 }
@@ -488,7 +427,7 @@ int cg_migrate_recursive(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto,
                 ret = r;
 
         if (rem) {
-                r = cg_rmdir(cfrom, pfrom, true);
+                r = cg_rmdir(cfrom, pfrom);
                 if (r < 0 && ret >= 0 && r != -ENOENT && r != -EBUSY)
                         return r;
         }
@@ -498,6 +437,8 @@ int cg_migrate_recursive(const char *cfrom, const char *pfrom, const char *cto,
 
 static const char *normalize_controller(const char *controller) {
 
+        assert(controller);
+
         if (streq(controller, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER))
                 return "systemd";
         else if (startswith(controller, "name="))
@@ -509,23 +450,22 @@ static const char *normalize_controller(const char *controller) {
 static int join_path(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, char **fs) {
         char *t = NULL;
 
-        if (!(controller || path))
-                return -EINVAL;
-
-        if (controller) {
-                if (path && suffix)
+        if (!isempty(controller)) {
+                if (!isempty(path) && !isempty(suffix))
                         t = strjoin("/sys/fs/cgroup/", controller, "/", path, "/", suffix, NULL);
-                else if (path)
+                else if (!isempty(path))
                         t = strjoin("/sys/fs/cgroup/", controller, "/", path, NULL);
-                else if (suffix)
+                else if (!isempty(suffix))
                         t = strjoin("/sys/fs/cgroup/", controller, "/", suffix, NULL);
                 else
-                        t = strjoin("/sys/fs/cgroup/", controller, NULL);
+                        t = strappend("/sys/fs/cgroup/", controller);
         } else {
-                if (path && suffix)
+                if (!isempty(path) && !isempty(suffix))
                         t = strjoin(path, "/", suffix, NULL);
-                else if (path)
+                else if (!isempty(path))
                         t = strdup(path);
+                else
+                        return -EINVAL;
         }
 
         if (!t)
@@ -543,6 +483,9 @@ int cg_get_path(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, ch
 
         assert(fs);
 
+        if (controller && !cg_controller_is_valid(controller, true))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
         if (_unlikely_(!good)) {
                 int r;
 
@@ -555,10 +498,11 @@ int cg_get_path(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *suffix, ch
         }
 
         p = controller ? normalize_controller(controller) : NULL;
+
         return join_path(p, path, suffix, fs);
 }
 
-static int check(const char *p) {
+static int check_hierarchy(const char *p) {
         char *cc;
 
         assert(p);
@@ -576,17 +520,16 @@ int cg_get_path_and_check(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *
         const char *p;
         int r;
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(fs);
 
-        if (isempty(controller))
+        if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller, true))
                 return -EINVAL;
 
         /* Normalize the controller syntax */
         p = normalize_controller(controller);
 
         /* Check if this controller actually really exists */
-        r = check(p);
+        r = check_hierarchy(p);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -594,8 +537,9 @@ int cg_get_path_and_check(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *
 }
 
 static int trim_cb(const char *path, const struct stat *sb, int typeflag, struct FTW *ftwbuf) {
-        char *p;
-        bool is_sticky;
+        assert(path);
+        assert(sb);
+        assert(ftwbuf);
 
         if (typeflag != FTW_DP)
                 return 0;
@@ -603,27 +547,14 @@ static int trim_cb(const char *path, const struct stat *sb, int typeflag, struct
         if (ftwbuf->level < 1)
                 return 0;
 
-        p = strappend(path, "/tasks");
-        if (!p) {
-                errno = ENOMEM;
-                return 1;
-        }
-
-        is_sticky = file_is_priv_sticky(p) > 0;
-        free(p);
-
-        if (is_sticky)
-                return 0;
-
         rmdir(path);
         return 0;
 }
 
 int cg_trim(const char *controller, const char *path, bool delete_root) {
-        char *fs;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
         int r = 0;
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(path);
 
         r = cg_get_path(controller, path, NULL, &fs);
@@ -631,60 +562,40 @@ int cg_trim(const char *controller, const char *path, bool delete_root) {
                 return r;
 
         errno = 0;
-        if (nftw(fs, trim_cb, 64, FTW_DEPTH|FTW_MOUNT|FTW_PHYS) < 0)
+        if (nftw(fs, trim_cb, 64, FTW_DEPTH|FTW_MOUNT|FTW_PHYS) != 0)
                 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
 
         if (delete_root) {
-                bool is_sticky;
-                char *p;
-
-                p = strappend(fs, "/tasks");
-                if (!p) {
-                        free(fs);
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-                }
-
-                is_sticky = file_is_priv_sticky(p) > 0;
-                free(p);
-
-                if (!is_sticky)
-                        if (rmdir(fs) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
-                                if (r == 0)
-                                        r = -errno;
-                        }
+                if (rmdir(fs) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+                        return -errno;
         }
 
-        free(fs);
-
         return r;
 }
 
 int cg_delete(const char *controller, const char *path) {
-        char *parent;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *parent = NULL;
         int r;
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(path);
 
-        if ((r = path_get_parent(path, &parent)) < 0)
+        r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         r = cg_migrate_recursive(controller, path, controller, parent, false, true);
-        free(parent);
-
         return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
 }
 
 int cg_attach(const char *controller, const char *path, pid_t pid) {
-        char *fs;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
+        char c[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t) + 2];
         int r;
-        char c[32];
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(path);
         assert(pid >= 0);
 
-        r = cg_get_path_and_check(controller, path, "tasks", &fs);
+        r = cg_get_path_and_check(controller, path, "cgroup.procs", &fs);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -692,19 +603,20 @@ int cg_attach(const char *controller, const char *path, pid_t pid) {
                 pid = getpid();
 
         snprintf(c, sizeof(c), "%lu\n", (unsigned long) pid);
-        char_array_0(c);
 
-        r = write_one_line_file(fs, c);
-        free(fs);
-
-        return r;
+        return write_string_file(fs, c);
 }
 
-int cg_set_group_access(const char *controller, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
-        char *fs;
+int cg_set_group_access(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                mode_t mode,
+                uid_t uid,
+                gid_t gid) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL;
         int r;
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(path);
 
         if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
@@ -714,196 +626,179 @@ int cg_set_group_access(const char *controller, const char *path, mode_t mode, u
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = chmod_and_chown(fs, mode, uid, gid);
-        free(fs);
-
-        return r;
+        return chmod_and_chown(fs, mode, uid, gid);
 }
 
-int cg_set_task_access(const char *controller, const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int sticky) {
-        char *fs;
+int cg_set_task_access(
+                const char *controller,
+                const char *path,
+                mode_t mode,
+                uid_t uid,
+                gid_t gid) {
+
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL, *procs = NULL;
         int r;
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(path);
 
-        if (mode == (mode_t) -1 && uid == (uid_t) -1 && gid == (gid_t) -1 && sticky < 0)
+        if (mode == (mode_t) -1 && uid == (uid_t) -1 && gid == (gid_t) -1)
                 return 0;
 
         if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
                 mode &= 0666;
 
-        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "tasks", &fs);
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "cgroup.procs", &fs);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if (sticky >= 0 && mode != (mode_t) -1)
-                /* Both mode and sticky param are passed */
-                mode |= (sticky ? S_ISVTX : 0);
-        else if ((sticky >= 0 && mode == (mode_t) -1) ||
-                 (mode != (mode_t) -1 && sticky < 0)) {
-                struct stat st;
-
-                /* Only one param is passed, hence read the current
-                 * mode from the file itself */
-
-                r = lstat(fs, &st);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        free(fs);
-                        return -errno;
-                }
-
-                if (mode == (mode_t) -1)
-                        /* No mode set, we just shall set the sticky bit */
-                        mode = (st.st_mode & ~S_ISVTX) | (sticky ? S_ISVTX : 0);
-                else
-                        /* Only mode set, leave sticky bit untouched */
-                        mode = (st.st_mode & ~0777) | mode;
-        }
-
         r = chmod_and_chown(fs, mode, uid, gid);
-        free(fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        return r;
+        /* Compatibility, Always keep values for "tasks" in sync with
+         * "cgroup.procs" */
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, "tasks", &procs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return chmod_and_chown(procs, mode, uid, gid);
 }
 
-int cg_get_by_pid(const char *controller, pid_t pid, char **path) {
-        int r;
-        char *p = NULL;
-        FILE *f;
-        char *fs;
+int cg_pid_get_path(const char *controller, pid_t pid, char **path) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
+        char line[LINE_MAX];
+        const char *fs;
         size_t cs;
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(path);
         assert(pid >= 0);
 
-        if (pid == 0)
-                pid = getpid();
+        if (controller) {
+                if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller, true))
+                        return -EINVAL;
 
-        if (asprintf(&fs, "/proc/%lu/cgroup", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+                controller = normalize_controller(controller);
+        } else
+                controller = SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER;
 
-        f = fopen(fs, "re");
-        free(fs);
+        if (pid == 0)
+                fs = "/proc/self/cgroup";
+        else
+                fs = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cgroup");
 
+        f = fopen(fs, "re");
         if (!f)
                 return errno == ENOENT ? -ESRCH : -errno;
 
         cs = strlen(controller);
 
-        while (!feof(f)) {
-                char line[LINE_MAX];
-                char *l;
-
-                errno = 0;
-                if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
-                        if (feof(f))
-                                break;
-
-                        r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
+                char *l, *p, *w, *e;
+                size_t k;
+                char *state;
+                bool found = false;
 
                 truncate_nl(line);
 
-                if (!(l = strchr(line, ':')))
+                l = strchr(line, ':');
+                if (!l)
                         continue;
 
                 l++;
-                if (!strneq(l, controller, cs))
+                e = strchr(l, ':');
+                if (!e)
                         continue;
 
-                if (l[cs] != ':')
-                        continue;
+                *e = 0;
 
-                if (!(p = strdup(l + cs + 1))) {
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
+                FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, k, l, ",", state) {
+
+                        if (k == cs && memcmp(w, controller, cs) == 0) {
+                                found = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (k == 5 + cs &&
+                            memcmp(w, "name=", 5) == 0 &&
+                            memcmp(w+5, controller, cs) == 0) {
+                                found = true;
+                                break;
+                        }
                 }
 
-                *path = p;
-                r = 0;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+                if (!found)
+                        continue;
 
-        r = -ENOENT;
+                p = strdup(e + 1);
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
-finish:
-        fclose(f);
+                *path = p;
+                return 0;
+        }
 
-        return r;
+        return -ENOENT;
 }
 
 int cg_install_release_agent(const char *controller, const char *agent) {
-        char *fs = NULL, *contents = NULL, *line = NULL, *sc;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *fs = NULL, *contents = NULL;
+        char *sc;
         int r;
 
-        assert(controller);
         assert(agent);
 
-        if ((r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "release_agent", &fs)) < 0)
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "release_agent", &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if ((r = read_one_line_file(fs, &contents)) < 0)
-                goto finish;
+        r = read_one_line_file(fs, &contents);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         sc = strstrip(contents);
         if (sc[0] == 0) {
-
-                if (asprintf(&line, "%s\n", agent) < 0) {
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
-
-                if ((r = write_one_line_file(fs, line)) < 0)
-                        goto finish;
-
-        } else if (!streq(sc, agent)) {
-                r = -EEXIST;
-                goto finish;
-        }
+                r = write_string_file(fs, agent);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        } else if (!streq(sc, agent))
+                return -EEXIST;
 
         free(fs);
         fs = NULL;
-        if ((r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "notify_on_release", &fs)) < 0)
-                goto finish;
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, NULL, "notify_on_release", &fs);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         free(contents);
         contents = NULL;
-        if ((r = read_one_line_file(fs, &contents)) < 0)
-                goto finish;
+        r = read_one_line_file(fs, &contents);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         sc = strstrip(contents);
-
         if (streq(sc, "0")) {
-                if ((r = write_one_line_file(fs, "1\n")) < 0)
-                        goto finish;
+                r = write_string_file(fs, "1");
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-                r = 1;
-        } else if (!streq(sc, "1")) {
-                r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        } else
-                r = 0;
+                return 1;
+        }
 
-finish:
-        free(fs);
-        free(contents);
-        free(line);
+        if (!streq(sc, "1"))
+                return -EIO;
 
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 int cg_is_empty(const char *controller, const char *path, bool ignore_self) {
+        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
         pid_t pid = 0, self_pid;
-        int r;
-        FILE *f = NULL;
         bool found = false;
+        int r;
 
         assert(path);
 
-        r = cg_enumerate_tasks(controller, path, &f);
+        r = cg_enumerate_processes(controller, path, &f);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r == -ENOENT ? 1 : r;
 
@@ -918,8 +813,6 @@ int cg_is_empty(const char *controller, const char *path, bool ignore_self) {
                 break;
         }
 
-        fclose(f);
-
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -927,8 +820,8 @@ int cg_is_empty(const char *controller, const char *path, bool ignore_self) {
 }
 
 int cg_is_empty_by_spec(const char *spec, bool ignore_self) {
-        int r;
         _cleanup_free_ char *controller = NULL, *path = NULL;
+        int r;
 
         assert(spec);
 
@@ -940,9 +833,9 @@ int cg_is_empty_by_spec(const char *spec, bool ignore_self) {
 }
 
 int cg_is_empty_recursive(const char *controller, const char *path, bool ignore_self) {
-        int r;
-        DIR *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
         char *fn;
+        int r;
 
         assert(path);
 
@@ -955,37 +848,28 @@ int cg_is_empty_recursive(const char *controller, const char *path, bool ignore_
                 return r == -ENOENT ? 1 : r;
 
         while ((r = cg_read_subgroup(d, &fn)) > 0) {
-                char *p = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
 
-                r = asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", path, fn);
+                p = strjoin(path, "/", fn, NULL);
                 free(fn);
-
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                if (!p)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
 
                 r = cg_is_empty_recursive(controller, p, ignore_self);
-                free(p);
-
                 if (r <= 0)
-                        goto finish;
+                        return r;
         }
 
-        if (r >= 0)
-                r = 1;
-
-finish:
-
-        if (d)
-                closedir(d);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        return r;
+        return 1;
 }
 
 int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **controller, char **path) {
         const char *e;
         char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *v = NULL;
 
         assert(spec);
 
@@ -998,6 +882,7 @@ int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **controller, char **path) {
                         if (!t)
                                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+                        path_kill_slashes(t);
                         *path = t;
                 }
 
@@ -1009,11 +894,11 @@ int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **controller, char **path) {
 
         e = strchr(spec, ':');
         if (!e) {
-                if (!filename_is_safe(spec))
+                if (!cg_controller_is_valid(spec, true))
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 if (controller) {
-                        t = strdup(spec);
+                        t = strdup(normalize_controller(spec));
                         if (!t)
                                 return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -1026,10 +911,13 @@ int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **controller, char **path) {
                 return 0;
         }
 
-        t = strndup(spec, e-spec);
+        v = strndup(spec, e-spec);
+        if (!v)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        t = strdup(normalize_controller(v));
         if (!t)
                 return -ENOMEM;
-        if (!filename_is_safe(t)) {
+        if (!cg_controller_is_valid(t, true)) {
                 free(t);
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
@@ -1039,12 +927,15 @@ int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **controller, char **path) {
                 free(t);
                 return -ENOMEM;
         }
-        if (!path_is_safe(u)) {
+        if (!path_is_safe(u) ||
+            !path_is_absolute(u)) {
                 free(t);
                 free(u);
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
+        path_kill_slashes(u);
+
         if (controller)
                 *controller = t;
         else
@@ -1059,36 +950,48 @@ int cg_split_spec(const char *spec, char **controller, char **path) {
 }
 
 int cg_join_spec(const char *controller, const char *path, char **spec) {
-        assert(controller);
+        char *s;
+
         assert(path);
 
-        if (!path_is_absolute(path) ||
-            controller[0] == 0 ||
-            strchr(controller, ':') ||
-            strchr(controller, '/'))
+        if (!controller)
+                controller = "systemd";
+        else {
+                if (!cg_controller_is_valid(controller, true))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                controller = normalize_controller(controller);
+        }
+
+        if (!path_is_absolute(path))
                 return -EINVAL;
 
-        if (asprintf(spec, "%s:%s", controller, path) < 0)
+        s = strjoin(controller, ":", path, NULL);
+        if (!s)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        path_kill_slashes(s + strlen(controller) + 1);
+
+        *spec = s;
         return 0;
 }
 
-int cg_fix_path(const char *path, char **result) {
-        char *t, *c, *p;
+int cg_mangle_path(const char *path, char **result) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *c = NULL, *p = NULL;
+        char *t;
         int r;
 
         assert(path);
         assert(result);
 
         /* First check if it already is a filesystem path */
-        if (path_startswith(path, "/sys/fs/cgroup") &&
-            access(path, F_OK) >= 0) {
+        if (path_startswith(path, "/sys/fs/cgroup")) {
 
                 t = strdup(path);
                 if (!t)
                         return -ENOMEM;
 
+                path_kill_slashes(t);
                 *result = t;
                 return 0;
         }
@@ -1098,36 +1001,22 @@ int cg_fix_path(const char *path, char **result) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = cg_get_path(c ? c : SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, p ? p : "/", NULL, result);
-        free(c);
-        free(p);
-
-        return r;
+        return cg_get_path(c ? c : SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, p ? p : "/", NULL, result);
 }
 
-int cg_get_user_path(char **path) {
-        char *root, *p;
+int cg_get_root_path(char **path) {
+        char *p, *e;
+        int r;
 
         assert(path);
 
-        /* Figure out the place to put user cgroups below. We use the
-         * same as PID 1 has but with the "/system" suffix replaced by
-         * "/user" */
-
-        if (cg_get_by_pid(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 1, &root) < 0)
-                p = strdup("/user");
-        else {
-                if (endswith(root, "/system"))
-                        root[strlen(root) - 7] = 0;
-                else if (streq(root, "/"))
-                        root[0] = 0;
+        r = cg_pid_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 1, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-                p = strappend(root, "/user");
-                free(root);
-        }
-
-        if (!p)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        e = endswith(p, "/" SPECIAL_SYSTEM_SLICE);
+        if (e)
+                *e = 0;
 
         *path = p;
         return 0;
@@ -1136,25 +1025,29 @@ int cg_get_user_path(char **path) {
 char **cg_shorten_controllers(char **controllers) {
         char **f, **t;
 
-        controllers = strv_uniq(controllers);
-
         if (!controllers)
                 return controllers;
 
         for (f = controllers, t = controllers; *f; f++) {
-                int r;
                 const char *p;
+                int r;
+
+                p = normalize_controller(*f);
 
-                if (streq(*f, "systemd") || streq(*f, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER)) {
+                if (streq(p, "systemd")) {
                         free(*f);
                         continue;
                 }
 
-                p = normalize_controller(*f);
+                if (!cg_controller_is_valid(p, true)) {
+                        log_warning("Controller %s is not valid, removing from controllers list.", p);
+                        free(*f);
+                        continue;
+                }
 
-                r = check(p);
+                r = check_hierarchy(p);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_debug("Controller %s is not available, removing from controllers list.", *f);
+                        log_debug("Controller %s is not available, removing from controllers list.", p);
                         free(*f);
                         continue;
                 }
@@ -1163,40 +1056,28 @@ char **cg_shorten_controllers(char **controllers) {
         }
 
         *t = NULL;
-        return controllers;
+        return strv_uniq(controllers);
 }
 
-int cg_pid_get_cgroup(pid_t pid, char **root, char **cgroup) {
-        char *cg_process, *cg_init, *p;
+int cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid_t pid, char **root, char **cgroup) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cg_root = NULL;
+        char *cg_process, *p;
         int r;
 
-        assert(pid >= 0);
-
-        if (pid == 0)
-                pid = getpid();
-
-        r = cg_get_by_pid(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, pid, &cg_process);
+        r = cg_get_root_path(&cg_root);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = cg_get_by_pid(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 1, &cg_init);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                free(cg_process);
+        r = cg_pid_get_path(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, pid, &cg_process);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
-        }
-
-        if (endswith(cg_init, "/system"))
-                cg_init[strlen(cg_init)-7] = 0;
-        else if (streq(cg_init, "/"))
-                cg_init[0] = 0;
 
-        if (startswith(cg_process, cg_init))
-                p = cg_process + strlen(cg_init);
+        p = path_startswith(cg_process, cg_root);
+        if (p)
+                p--;
         else
                 p = cg_process;
 
-        free(cg_init);
-
         if (cgroup) {
                 char* c;
 
@@ -1218,84 +1099,321 @@ int cg_pid_get_cgroup(pid_t pid, char **root, char **cgroup) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int instance_unit_from_cgroup(char *cgroup){
-        char *at;
+int cg_path_decode_unit(const char *cgroup, char **unit){
+        char *p, *e, *c, *s, *k;
 
         assert(cgroup);
+        assert(unit);
 
-        at = strstr(cgroup, "@.");
-        if (at) {
-                /* This is a templated service */
+        e = strchrnul(cgroup, '/');
+        c = strndupa(cgroup, e - cgroup);
+        c = cg_unescape(c);
 
-                char *i;
-                char _cleanup_free_ *i2 = NULL, *s = NULL;
+        /* Could this be a valid unit name? */
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(c, true))
+                return -EINVAL;
 
-                i = strchr(at, '/');
-                if (!i || !i[1]) /* disallow empty instances */
+        if (!unit_name_is_template(c))
+                s = strdup(c);
+        else {
+                if (*e != '/')
                         return -EINVAL;
 
-                s = strndup(at + 1, i - at - 1);
-                i2 = strdup(i + 1);
-                if (!s || !i2)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                e += strspn(e, "/");
+
+                p = strchrnul(e, '/');
+                k = strndupa(e, p - e);
+                k = cg_unescape(k);
 
-                strcpy(at + 1, i2);
-                strcat(at + 1, s);
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(k, false))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                s = strdup(k);
         }
 
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *unit = s;
         return 0;
 }
 
-/* non-static only for testing purposes */
-int cgroup_to_unit(char *cgroup, char **unit){
+static const char *skip_slices(const char *p) {
+        /* Skips over all slice assignments */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+                n = strcspn(p, "/");
+                if (n <= 6 || memcmp(p + n - 6, ".slice", 6) != 0)
+                        return p;
+
+                p += n;
+        }
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_unit(const char *path, char **unit) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(unit);
+
+        e = skip_slices(path);
+
+        return cg_path_decode_unit(e, unit);
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
         int r;
-        char *p;
 
-        assert(cgroup);
         assert(unit);
 
-        r = instance_unit_from_cgroup(cgroup);
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        p = strrchr(cgroup, '/');
+        return cg_path_get_unit(cgroup, unit);
+}
+
+static const char *skip_session(const char *p) {
+        size_t n;
+
         assert(p);
 
-        r = unit_name_is_valid(p + 1, true);
+        p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+        n = strcspn(p, "/");
+        if (n <= 12 || memcmp(p, "session-", 8) != 0 || memcmp(p + n - 6, ".scope", 6) != 0)
+                return NULL;
+
+        p += n;
+        p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+        return p;
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_user_unit(const char *path, char **unit) {
+        const char *e;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(unit);
+
+        /* We always have to parse the path from the beginning as unit
+         * cgroups might have arbitrary child cgroups and we shouldn't get
+         * confused by those */
+
+        /* Skip slices, if there are any */
+        e = skip_slices(path);
+
+        /* Skip the session scope, require that there is one */
+        e = skip_session(e);
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        /* And skip more slices */
+        e = skip_slices(e);
+
+        return cg_path_decode_unit(e, unit);
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_user_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(unit);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_user_unit(cgroup, unit);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_machine_name(const char *path, char **machine) {
+        const char *e, *n, *x;
+        char *s, *r;
+        size_t l;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(machine);
+
+        /* Skip slices, if there are any */
+        e = skip_slices(path);
+
+        n = strchrnul(e, '/');
+        if (e == n)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        s = strndupa(e, n - e);
+        s = cg_unescape(s);
+
+        x = startswith(s, "machine-");
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOENT;
+        if (!endswith(x, ".scope"))
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        l = strlen(x);
+        if (l <= 6)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        r = strndup(x, l - 6);
         if (!r)
-                return -EINVAL;
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *machine = r;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_machine_name(pid_t pid, char **machine) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(machine);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_machine_name(cgroup, machine);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_session(const char *path, char **session) {
+        const char *e, *n, *x;
+        char *s, *r;
+        size_t l;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(session);
+
+        /* Skip slices, if there are any */
+        e = skip_slices(path);
+
+        n = strchrnul(e, '/');
+        if (e == n)
+                return -ENOENT;
 
-        *unit = strdup(p + 1);
-        if (!*unit)
+        s = strndupa(e, n - e);
+        s = cg_unescape(s);
+
+        x = startswith(s, "session-");
+        if (!x)
+                return -ENOENT;
+        if (!endswith(x, ".scope"))
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        l = strlen(x);
+        if (l <= 6)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        r = strndup(x, l - 6);
+        if (!r)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        *session = r;
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int cg_pid_get(const char *prefix, pid_t pid, char **unit) {
+int cg_pid_get_session(pid_t pid, char **session) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
         int r;
-        char _cleanup_free_ *cgroup = NULL;
 
-        assert(pid >= 0);
-        assert(unit);
+        assert(session);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_session(cgroup, session);
+}
+
+int cg_path_get_owner_uid(const char *path, uid_t *uid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *slice = NULL;
+        const char *e;
+        char *s;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(path);
+        assert(uid);
 
-        r = cg_pid_get_cgroup(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        r = cg_path_get_slice(path, &slice);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if (!startswith(cgroup, prefix))
+        e = startswith(slice, "user-");
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENOENT;
+        if (!endswith(slice, ".slice"))
                 return -ENOENT;
 
-        r = cgroup_to_unit(cgroup, unit);
-        return r;
+        s = strndupa(e, strlen(e) - 6);
+        if (!s)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        return parse_uid(s, uid);
 }
 
-int cg_pid_get_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit) {
-        return cg_pid_get("/system/", pid, unit);
+int cg_pid_get_owner_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(uid);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_owner_uid(cgroup, uid);
 }
 
-int cg_pid_get_user_unit(pid_t pid, char **unit) {
-        return cg_pid_get("/user/", pid, unit);
+int cg_path_get_slice(const char *p, char **slice) {
+        const char *e = NULL;
+        size_t m = 0;
+
+        assert(p);
+        assert(slice);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                size_t n;
+
+                p += strspn(p, "/");
+
+                n = strcspn(p, "/");
+                if (n <= 6 || memcmp(p + n - 6, ".slice", 6) != 0) {
+                        char *s;
+
+                        if (!e)
+                                return -ENOENT;
+
+                        s = strndup(e, m);
+                        if (!s)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        *slice = s;
+                        return 0;
+                }
+
+                e = p;
+                m = n;
+
+                p += n;
+        }
+}
+
+int cg_pid_get_slice(pid_t pid, char **slice) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *cgroup = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(slice);
+
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(pid, NULL, &cgroup);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return cg_path_get_slice(cgroup, slice);
 }
 
 int cg_controller_from_attr(const char *attr, char **controller) {
@@ -1318,7 +1436,7 @@ int cg_controller_from_attr(const char *attr, char **controller) {
         if (!c)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        if (!filename_is_safe(c)) {
+        if (!cg_controller_is_valid(c, false)) {
                 free(c);
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
@@ -1326,3 +1444,303 @@ int cg_controller_from_attr(const char *attr, char **controller) {
         *controller = c;
         return 1;
 }
+
+char *cg_escape(const char *p) {
+        bool need_prefix = false;
+
+        /* This implements very minimal escaping for names to be used
+         * as file names in the cgroup tree: any name which might
+         * conflict with a kernel name or is prefixed with '_' is
+         * prefixed with a '_'. That way, when reading cgroup names it
+         * is sufficient to remove a single prefixing underscore if
+         * there is one. */
+
+        /* The return value of this function (unlike cg_unescape())
+         * needs free()! */
+
+        if (p[0] == 0 ||
+            p[0] == '_' ||
+            p[0] == '.' ||
+            streq(p, "notify_on_release") ||
+            streq(p, "release_agent") ||
+            streq(p, "tasks"))
+                need_prefix = true;
+        else {
+                const char *dot;
+
+                dot = strrchr(p, '.');
+                if (dot) {
+
+                        if (dot - p == 6 && memcmp(p, "cgroup", 6) == 0)
+                                need_prefix = true;
+                        else {
+                                char *n;
+
+                                n = strndupa(p, dot - p);
+
+                                if (check_hierarchy(n) >= 0)
+                                        need_prefix = true;
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (need_prefix)
+                return strappend("_", p);
+        else
+                return strdup(p);
+}
+
+char *cg_unescape(const char *p) {
+        assert(p);
+
+        /* The return value of this function (unlike cg_escape())
+         * doesn't need free()! */
+
+        if (p[0] == '_')
+                return (char*) p+1;
+
+        return (char*) p;
+}
+
+#define CONTROLLER_VALID                        \
+        "0123456789"                            \
+        "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"            \
+        "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"            \
+        "_"
+
+bool cg_controller_is_valid(const char *p, bool allow_named) {
+        const char *t, *s;
+
+        if (!p)
+                return false;
+
+        if (allow_named) {
+                s = startswith(p, "name=");
+                if (s)
+                        p = s;
+        }
+
+        if (*p == 0 || *p == '_')
+                return false;
+
+        for (t = p; *t; t++)
+                if (!strchr(CONTROLLER_VALID, *t))
+                        return false;
+
+        if (t - p > FILENAME_MAX)
+                return false;
+
+        return true;
+}
+
+int cg_slice_to_path(const char *unit, char **ret) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *s = NULL, *e = NULL;
+        const char *dash;
+
+        assert(unit);
+        assert(ret);
+
+        if (!unit_name_is_valid(unit, false))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        if (!endswith(unit, ".slice"))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        p = unit_name_to_prefix(unit);
+        if (!p)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        dash = strchr(p, '-');
+        while (dash) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *escaped = NULL;
+                char n[dash - p + sizeof(".slice")];
+
+                strcpy(stpncpy(n, p, dash - p), ".slice");
+
+                if (!unit_name_is_valid(n, false))
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                escaped = cg_escape(n);
+                if (!escaped)
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                if (!strextend(&s, escaped, "/", NULL))
+                        return -ENOMEM;
+
+                dash = strchr(dash+1, '-');
+        }
+
+        e = cg_escape(unit);
+        if (!e)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        if (!strextend(&s, e, NULL))
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        *ret = s;
+        s = NULL;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int cg_set_attribute(const char *controller, const char *path, const char *attribute, const char *value) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_get_path(controller, path, attribute, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return write_string_file(p, value);
+}
+
+static const char mask_names[] =
+        "cpu\0"
+        "cpuacct\0"
+        "blkio\0"
+        "memory\0"
+        "devices\0";
+
+int cg_create_with_mask(CGroupControllerMask mask, const char *path) {
+        CGroupControllerMask bit = 1;
+        const char *n;
+        int r;
+
+        /* This one will create a cgroup in our private tree, but also
+         * duplicate it in the trees specified in mask, and remove it
+         * in all others */
+
+        /* First create the cgroup in our own hierarchy. */
+        r = cg_create(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Then, do the same in the other hierarchies */
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(n, mask_names) {
+                if (bit & mask)
+                        cg_create(n, path);
+                else
+                        cg_trim(n, path, true);
+
+                bit <<= 1;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int cg_attach_with_mask(CGroupControllerMask mask, const char *path, pid_t pid) {
+        CGroupControllerMask bit = 1;
+        const char *n;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_attach(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, path, pid);
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(n, mask_names) {
+                if (bit & mask)
+                        cg_attach(n, path, pid);
+                else {
+                        char prefix[strlen(path) + 1], *slash;
+
+                        /* OK, this one is a bit harder... Now we need
+                         * to add to the closest parent cgroup we
+                         * can find */
+                        strcpy(prefix, path);
+                        while ((slash = strrchr(prefix, '/'))) {
+                                int q;
+                                *slash = 0;
+
+                                q = cg_attach(n, prefix, pid);
+                                if (q >= 0)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                bit <<= 1;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int cg_attach_many_with_mask(CGroupControllerMask mask, const char *path, Set* pids) {
+        Iterator i;
+        void *pidp;
+        int r = 0;
+
+        SET_FOREACH(pidp, pids, i) {
+                pid_t pid = PTR_TO_LONG(pidp);
+                int k;
+
+                k = cg_attach_with_mask(mask, path, pid);
+                if (k < 0)
+                        r = k;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int cg_migrate_with_mask(CGroupControllerMask mask, const char *from, const char *to) {
+        CGroupControllerMask bit = 1;
+        const char *n;
+        int r;
+
+        if (path_equal(from, to))
+                return 0;
+
+        r = cg_migrate_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, from, SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, to, false, true);
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(n, mask_names) {
+                if (bit & mask)
+                        cg_migrate_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, to, n, to, false, false);
+                else {
+                        char prefix[strlen(to) + 1], *slash;
+
+                        strcpy(prefix, to);
+                        while ((slash = strrchr(prefix, '/'))) {
+                                int q;
+
+                                *slash = 0;
+
+                                q = cg_migrate_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, to, n, prefix, false, false);
+                                if (q >= 0)
+                                        break;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                bit <<= 1;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int cg_trim_with_mask(CGroupControllerMask mask, const char *path, bool delete_root) {
+        CGroupControllerMask bit = 1;
+        const char *n;
+        int r;
+
+        r = cg_trim(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, path, delete_root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(n, mask_names) {
+                if (bit & mask)
+                        cg_trim(n, path, delete_root);
+
+                bit <<= 1;
+        }
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+CGroupControllerMask cg_mask_supported(void) {
+        CGroupControllerMask bit = 1, mask = 0;
+        const char *n;
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(n, mask_names) {
+                if (check_hierarchy(n) >= 0)
+                        mask |= bit;
+
+                bit <<= 1;
+        }
+
+        return mask;
+}