chiark / gitweb /
seccomp: add helper call to add all secondary archs to a seccomp filter
[elogind.git] / src / nspawn / nspawn.c
index 1f3bda5b4aded530b46484e6202cc0b0f3cd50e1..54f71877542538507a571068348473e0f22fc399 100644 (file)
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #include <sys/capability.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
 #include <termios.h>
 #include <sys/signalfd.h>
 #include <grp.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
+#include <linux/veth.h>
 
-#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
+#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include <seccomp.h>
+#endif
 
+#include "sd-daemon.h"
+#include "sd-bus.h"
+#include "sd-id128.h"
+#include "sd-rtnl.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "mkdir.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "loopback-setup.h"
-#include "sd-id128.h"
 #include "dev-setup.h"
 #include "fdset.h"
+#include "build.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "ptyfwd.h"
+#include "bus-kernel.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "def.h"
+#include "rtnl-util.h"
+#include "udev-util.h"
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include "seccomp-util.h"
+#endif
 
 typedef enum LinkJournal {
         LINK_NO,
@@ -66,8 +92,11 @@ typedef enum LinkJournal {
 
 static char *arg_directory = NULL;
 static char *arg_user = NULL;
-static char **arg_controllers = NULL;
-static char *arg_uuid = NULL;
+static sd_id128_t arg_uuid = {};
+static char *arg_machine = NULL;
+static char *arg_selinux_context = NULL;
+static char *arg_selinux_apifs_context = NULL;
+static const char *arg_slice = NULL;
 static bool arg_private_network = false;
 static bool arg_read_only = false;
 static bool arg_boot = false;
@@ -95,23 +124,64 @@ static uint64_t arg_retain =
         (1ULL << CAP_SYS_PTRACE) |
         (1ULL << CAP_SYS_TTY_CONFIG) |
         (1ULL << CAP_SYS_RESOURCE) |
-        (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT);
+        (1ULL << CAP_SYS_BOOT) |
+        (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_WRITE) |
+        (1ULL << CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
+        (1ULL << CAP_MKNOD);
+static char **arg_bind = NULL;
+static char **arg_bind_ro = NULL;
+static char **arg_setenv = NULL;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+static bool arg_share_system = false;
+static bool arg_register = true;
+static bool arg_keep_unit = false;
+static char **arg_network_interfaces = NULL;
+static bool arg_network_veth = false;
+static char *arg_network_bridge = NULL;
 
 static int help(void) {
 
         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [PATH] [ARGUMENTS...]\n\n"
                "Spawn a minimal namespace container for debugging, testing and building.\n\n"
-               "  -h --help               Show this help\n"
-               "  -D --directory=NAME     Root directory for the container\n"
-               "  -b --boot               Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
-               "  -u --user=USER          Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
-               "  -C --controllers=LIST   Put the container in specified comma-separated cgroup hierarchies\n"
-               "     --uuid=UUID          Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
-               "     --private-network    Disable network in container\n"
-               "     --read-only          Mount the root directory read-only\n"
-               "     --capability=CAP     In addition to the default, retain specified capability\n"
-               "     --link-journal=MODE  Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, host\n"
-               "  -j                      Equivalent to --link-journal=host\n",
+               "  -h --help                 Show this help\n"
+               "     --version              Print version string\n"
+               "  -q --quiet                Do not show status information\n"
+               "  -D --directory=NAME       Root directory for the container\n"
+               "  -b --boot                 Boot up full system (i.e. invoke init)\n"
+               "  -u --user=USER            Run the command under specified user or uid\n"
+               "  -M --machine=NAME         Set the machine name for the container\n"
+               "     --uuid=UUID            Set a specific machine UUID for the container\n"
+               "  -S --slice=SLICE          Place the container in the specified slice\n"
+               "     --private-network      Disable network in container\n"
+               "     --network-interface=INTERFACE\n"
+               "                            Assign an existing network interface to the\n"
+               "                            container\n"
+               "     --network-veth         Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
+               "                            and container\n"
+               "     --network-bridge=INTERFACE\n"
+               "                            Add a virtual ethernet connection between host\n"
+               "                            and container and add it to an existing bridge on\n"
+               "                            the host\n"
+               "  -Z --selinux-context=SECLABEL\n"
+               "                            Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
+               "                            processes in the container\n"
+               "  -L --selinux-apifs-context=SECLABEL\n"
+               "                            Set the SELinux security context to be used by\n"
+               "                            API/tmpfs file systems in the container\n"
+               "     --capability=CAP       In addition to the default, retain specified\n"
+               "                            capability\n"
+               "     --drop-capability=CAP  Drop the specified capability from the default set\n"
+               "     --link-journal=MODE    Link up guest journal, one of no, auto, guest, host\n"
+               "  -j                        Equivalent to --link-journal=host\n"
+               "     --read-only            Mount the root directory read-only\n"
+               "     --bind=PATH[:PATH]     Bind mount a file or directory from the host into\n"
+               "                            the container\n"
+               "     --bind-ro=PATH[:PATH]  Similar, but creates a read-only bind mount\n"
+               "     --setenv=NAME=VALUE    Pass an environment variable to PID 1\n"
+               "     --share-system         Share system namespaces with host\n"
+               "     --register=BOOLEAN     Register container as machine\n"
+               "     --keep-unit            Do not register a scope for the machine, reuse\n"
+               "                            the service unit nspawn is running in\n",
                program_invocation_short_name);
 
         return 0;
@@ -120,45 +190,76 @@ static int help(void) {
 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         enum {
-                ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK = 0x100,
+                ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+                ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK,
                 ARG_UUID,
                 ARG_READ_ONLY,
                 ARG_CAPABILITY,
-                ARG_LINK_JOURNAL
+                ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY,
+                ARG_LINK_JOURNAL,
+                ARG_BIND,
+                ARG_BIND_RO,
+                ARG_SETENV,
+                ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM,
+                ARG_REGISTER,
+                ARG_KEEP_UNIT,
+                ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE,
+                ARG_NETWORK_VETH,
+                ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE,
         };
 
         static const struct option options[] = {
-                { "help",            no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                 },
-                { "directory",       required_argument, NULL, 'D'                 },
-                { "user",            required_argument, NULL, 'u'                 },
-                { "controllers",     required_argument, NULL, 'C'                 },
-                { "private-network", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK },
-                { "boot",            no_argument,       NULL, 'b'                 },
-                { "uuid",            required_argument, NULL, ARG_UUID            },
-                { "read-only",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_READ_ONLY       },
-                { "capability",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_CAPABILITY      },
-                { "link-journal",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL    },
-                { NULL,              0,                 NULL, 0                   }
+                { "help",                  no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                   },
+                { "version",               no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION           },
+                { "directory",             required_argument, NULL, 'D'                   },
+                { "user",                  required_argument, NULL, 'u'                   },
+                { "private-network",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK   },
+                { "boot",                  no_argument,       NULL, 'b'                   },
+                { "uuid",                  required_argument, NULL, ARG_UUID              },
+                { "read-only",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_READ_ONLY         },
+                { "capability",            required_argument, NULL, ARG_CAPABILITY        },
+                { "drop-capability",       required_argument, NULL, ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY   },
+                { "link-journal",          required_argument, NULL, ARG_LINK_JOURNAL      },
+                { "bind",                  required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND              },
+                { "bind-ro",               required_argument, NULL, ARG_BIND_RO           },
+                { "machine",               required_argument, NULL, 'M'                   },
+                { "slice",                 required_argument, NULL, 'S'                   },
+                { "setenv",                required_argument, NULL, ARG_SETENV            },
+                { "selinux-context",       required_argument, NULL, 'Z'                   },
+                { "selinux-apifs-context", required_argument, NULL, 'L'                   },
+                { "quiet",                 no_argument,       NULL, 'q'                   },
+                { "share-system",          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM      },
+                { "register",              required_argument, NULL, ARG_REGISTER          },
+                { "keep-unit",             no_argument,       NULL, ARG_KEEP_UNIT         },
+                { "network-interface",     required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE },
+                { "network-veth",          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NETWORK_VETH      },
+                { "network-bridge",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE    },
+                {}
         };
 
-        int c;
+        int c, r;
+        uint64_t plus = 0, minus = 0;
 
         assert(argc >= 0);
         assert(argv);
 
-        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hD:u:C:bj", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "+hD:u:bL:M:jS:Z:q", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
 
                 switch (c) {
 
                 case 'h':
-                        help();
+                        return help();
+
+                case ARG_VERSION:
+                        puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
+                        puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
                         return 0;
 
                 case 'D':
                         free(arg_directory);
                         arg_directory = canonicalize_file_name(optarg);
                         if (!arg_directory) {
-                                log_error("Failed to canonicalize root directory.");
+                                log_error("Invalid root directory: %m");
                                 return -ENOMEM;
                         }
 
@@ -166,24 +267,30 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case 'u':
                         free(arg_user);
-                        if (!(arg_user = strdup(optarg))) {
-                                log_error("Failed to duplicate user name.");
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-                        }
+                        arg_user = strdup(optarg);
+                        if (!arg_user)
+                                return log_oom();
 
                         break;
 
-                case 'C':
-                        strv_free(arg_controllers);
-                        arg_controllers = strv_split(optarg, ",");
-                        if (!arg_controllers) {
-                                log_error("Failed to split controllers list.");
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-                        }
-                        strv_uniq(arg_controllers);
+                case ARG_NETWORK_BRIDGE:
+                        arg_network_bridge = strdup(optarg);
+                        if (!arg_network_bridge)
+                                return log_oom();
 
+                        /* fall through */
+
+                case ARG_NETWORK_VETH:
+                        arg_network_veth = true;
+                        arg_private_network = true;
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_NETWORK_INTERFACE:
+                        if (strv_push(&arg_network_interfaces, optarg) < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        /* fall through */
+
                 case ARG_PRIVATE_NETWORK:
                         arg_private_network = true;
                         break;
@@ -193,33 +300,80 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_UUID:
-                        arg_uuid = optarg;
+                        r = sd_id128_from_string(optarg, &arg_uuid);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Invalid UUID: %s", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                case 'S':
+                        arg_slice = strdup(optarg);
+                        if (!arg_slice)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+
+                case 'M':
+                        if (isempty(optarg)) {
+                                free(arg_machine);
+                                arg_machine = NULL;
+                        } else {
+
+                                if (!hostname_is_valid(optarg)) {
+                                        log_error("Invalid machine name: %s", optarg);
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                                }
+
+                                free(arg_machine);
+                                arg_machine = strdup(optarg);
+                                if (!arg_machine)
+                                        return log_oom();
+
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                case 'Z':
+                        arg_selinux_context = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'L':
+                        arg_selinux_apifs_context = optarg;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_READ_ONLY:
                         arg_read_only = true;
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_CAPABILITY: {
+                case ARG_CAPABILITY:
+                case ARG_DROP_CAPABILITY: {
                         char *state, *word;
                         size_t length;
 
                         FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(word, length, optarg, ",", state) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *t;
                                 cap_value_t cap;
-                                char *t;
 
                                 t = strndup(word, length);
                                 if (!t)
                                         return log_oom();
 
-                                if (cap_from_name(t, &cap) < 0) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t);
-                                        free(t);
-                                        return -EINVAL;
-                                }
+                                if (streq(t, "all")) {
+                                        if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
+                                                plus = (uint64_t) -1;
+                                        else
+                                                minus = (uint64_t) -1;
+                                } else {
+                                        if (cap_from_name(t, &cap) < 0) {
+                                                log_error("Failed to parse capability %s.", t);
+                                                return -EINVAL;
+                                        }
 
-                                free(t);
-                                arg_retain |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
+                                        if (c == ARG_CAPABILITY)
+                                                plus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
+                                        else
+                                                minus |= 1ULL << (uint64_t) cap;
+                                }
                         }
 
                         break;
@@ -245,15 +399,104 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_BIND:
+                case ARG_BIND_RO: {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *a = NULL, *b = NULL;
+                        char *e;
+                        char ***x;
+
+                        x = c == ARG_BIND ? &arg_bind : &arg_bind_ro;
+
+                        e = strchr(optarg, ':');
+                        if (e) {
+                                a = strndup(optarg, e - optarg);
+                                b = strdup(e + 1);
+                        } else {
+                                a = strdup(optarg);
+                                b = strdup(optarg);
+                        }
+
+                        if (!a || !b)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        if (!path_is_absolute(a) || !path_is_absolute(b)) {
+                                log_error("Invalid bind mount specification: %s", optarg);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        r = strv_extend(x, a);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        r = strv_extend(x, b);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case ARG_SETENV: {
+                        char **n;
+
+                        if (!env_assignment_is_valid(optarg)) {
+                                log_error("Environment variable assignment '%s' is not valid.", optarg);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+
+                        n = strv_env_set(arg_setenv, optarg);
+                        if (!n)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        strv_free(arg_setenv);
+                        arg_setenv = n;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                case 'q':
+                        arg_quiet = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SHARE_SYSTEM:
+                        arg_share_system = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_REGISTER:
+                        r = parse_boolean(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse --register= argument: %s", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_register = r;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_KEEP_UNIT:
+                        arg_keep_unit = true;
+                        break;
+
                 case '?':
                         return -EINVAL;
 
                 default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
-                        return -EINVAL;
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
                 }
         }
 
+        if (arg_share_system)
+                arg_register = false;
+
+        if (arg_boot && arg_share_system) {
+                log_error("--boot and --share-system may not be combined.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_keep_unit && cg_pid_get_owner_uid(0, NULL) >= 0) {
+                log_error("--keep-unit may not be used when invoked from a user session.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        arg_retain = (arg_retain | plus | (arg_private_network ? 1ULL << CAP_NET_ADMIN : 0)) & ~minus;
+
         return 1;
 }
 
@@ -274,7 +517,7 @@ static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
                 { NULL,        "/proc/sys", NULL,    NULL,       MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY|MS_REMOUNT, true  },   /* Then, make it r/o */
                 { "sysfs",     "/sys",      "sysfs", NULL,       MS_RDONLY|MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC|MS_NODEV, true  },
                 { "tmpfs",     "/dev",      "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_STRICTATIME,     true  },
-                { "/dev/pts",  "/dev/pts",  NULL,    NULL,       MS_BIND,                      true  },
+                { "devpts",    "/dev/pts",  "devpts","newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=620,gid=" STRINGIFY(TTY_GID), MS_NOSUID|MS_NOEXEC, true },
                 { "tmpfs",     "/dev/shm",  "tmpfs", "mode=1777", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true  },
                 { "tmpfs",     "/run",      "tmpfs", "mode=755", MS_NOSUID|MS_NODEV|MS_STRICTATIME, true  },
 #ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
@@ -287,17 +530,16 @@ static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
         int r = 0;
 
         for (k = 0; k < ELEMENTSOF(mount_table); k++) {
-                char _cleanup_free_ *where = NULL;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL;
+#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
+                _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
+#endif
+                const char *o;
                 int t;
 
-                if (asprintf(&where, "%s/%s", dest, mount_table[k].where) < 0) {
-                        log_oom();
-
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-
-                        break;
-                }
+                where = strjoin(dest, "/", mount_table[k].where, NULL);
+                if (!where)
+                        return log_oom();
 
                 t = path_is_mount_point(where, true);
                 if (t < 0) {
@@ -313,13 +555,26 @@ static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
                 if (mount_table[k].what && t > 0)
                         continue;
 
-                mkdir_p_label(where, 0755);
+                mkdir_p(where, 0755);
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
+                if (arg_selinux_apifs_context &&
+                    (streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "tmpfs") || streq_ptr(mount_table[k].what, "devpts"))) {
+                        options = strjoin(mount_table[k].options, ",context=\"", arg_selinux_apifs_context, "\"", NULL);
+                        if (!options)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        o = options;
+                } else
+#endif
+                        o = mount_table[k].options;
+
 
                 if (mount(mount_table[k].what,
                           where,
                           mount_table[k].type,
                           mount_table[k].flags,
-                          mount_table[k].options) < 0 &&
+                          o) < 0 &&
                     mount_table[k].fatal) {
 
                         log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
@@ -332,6 +587,66 @@ static int mount_all(const char *dest) {
         return r;
 }
 
+static int mount_binds(const char *dest, char **l, unsigned long flags) {
+        char **x, **y;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH_PAIR(x, y, l) {
+                char *where;
+                struct stat source_st, dest_st;
+                int r;
+
+                if (stat(*x, &source_st) < 0) {
+                        log_error("failed to stat %s: %m", *x);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                where = strappenda(dest, *y);
+                r = stat(where, &dest_st);
+                if (r == 0) {
+                        if ((source_st.st_mode & S_IFMT) != (dest_st.st_mode & S_IFMT)) {
+                                log_error("The file types of %s and %s do not match. Refusing bind mount",
+                                                *x, where);
+                                return -EINVAL;
+                        }
+                } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                        r = mkdir_parents_label(where, 0755);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(-r));
+                                return r;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        log_error("Failed to bind mount %s: %s", *x, strerror(errno));
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+                /* Create the mount point, but be conservative -- refuse to create block
+                * and char devices. */
+                if (S_ISDIR(source_st.st_mode))
+                        mkdir_label(where, 0755);
+                else if (S_ISFIFO(source_st.st_mode))
+                        mkfifo(where, 0644);
+                else if (S_ISSOCK(source_st.st_mode))
+                        mknod(where, 0644 | S_IFSOCK, 0);
+                else if (S_ISREG(source_st.st_mode))
+                        touch(where);
+                else {
+                        log_error("Refusing to create mountpoint for file: %s", *x);
+                        return -ENOTSUP;
+                }
+
+                if (mount(*x, where, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
+                        log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                if (flags && mount(NULL, where, NULL, MS_REMOUNT|MS_BIND|flags, NULL) < 0) {
+                        log_error("mount(%s) failed: %m", where);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int setup_timezone(const char *dest) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *where = NULL, *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *check = NULL, *what = NULL;
         char *z, *y;
@@ -393,7 +708,7 @@ static int setup_timezone(const char *dest) {
 }
 
 static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
-        char *where;
+        char _cleanup_free_ *where = NULL;
 
         assert(dest);
 
@@ -407,22 +722,22 @@ static int setup_resolv_conf(const char *dest) {
 
         /* We don't really care for the results of this really. If it
          * fails, it fails, but meh... */
-        if (mount("/etc/resolv.conf", where, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) >= 0)
-                mount("/etc/resolv.conf", where, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL);
-
-        free(where);
+        copy_file("/etc/resolv.conf", where, O_TRUNC|O_NOFOLLOW);
 
         return 0;
 }
 
 static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
-        char _cleanup_free_ *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
         sd_id128_t rnd;
         char as_uuid[37];
         int r;
 
         assert(dest);
 
+        if (arg_share_system)
+                return 0;
+
         /* Generate a new randomized boot ID, so that each boot-up of
          * the container gets a new one */
 
@@ -442,7 +757,7 @@ static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
                  SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(rnd));
         char_array_0(as_uuid);
 
-        r = write_one_line_file(from, as_uuid);
+        r = write_string_file(from, as_uuid);
         if (r < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to write boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
                 return r;
@@ -451,8 +766,8 @@ static int setup_boot_id(const char *dest) {
         if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to bind mount boot id: %m");
                 r = -errno;
-        } else
-                mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL);
+        } else if (mount(from, to, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, NULL))
+                log_warning("Failed to make boot id read-only: %m");
 
         unlink(from);
         return r;
@@ -466,63 +781,67 @@ static int copy_devnodes(const char *dest) {
                 "full\0"
                 "random\0"
                 "urandom\0"
-                "tty\0"
-                "ptmx\0";
+                "tty\0";
 
         const char *d;
         int r = 0;
-        mode_t _cleanup_umask_ u;
+        _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
 
         assert(dest);
 
         u = umask(0000);
 
         NULSTR_FOREACH(d, devnodes) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
                 struct stat st;
-                char _cleanup_free_ *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
 
-                asprintf(&from, "/dev/%s", d);
-                asprintf(&to, "%s/dev/%s", dest, d);
-
-                if (!from || !to) {
-                        log_oom();
-
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-
-                        break;
-                }
+                from = strappend("/dev/", d);
+                to = strjoin(dest, "/dev/", d, NULL);
+                if (!from || !to)
+                        return log_oom();
 
                 if (stat(from, &st) < 0) {
 
                         if (errno != ENOENT) {
                                 log_error("Failed to stat %s: %m", from);
-                                if (r == 0)
-                                        r = -errno;
+                                return -errno;
                         }
 
                 } else if (!S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) && !S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
 
                         log_error("%s is not a char or block device, cannot copy", from);
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                r = -EIO;
+                        return -EIO;
 
                 } else if (mknod(to, st.st_mode, st.st_rdev) < 0) {
 
                         log_error("mknod(%s) failed: %m", dest);
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                r = -errno;
+                        return  -errno;
                 }
         }
 
         return r;
 }
 
+static int setup_ptmx(const char *dest) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+
+        p = strappend(dest, "/dev/ptmx");
+        if (!p)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        if (symlink("pts/ptmx", p) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to create /dev/ptmx symlink: %m");
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest, const char *console) {
         struct stat st;
-        char _cleanup_free_ *to = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *to = NULL;
         int r;
-        mode_t _cleanup_umask_ u;
+        _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
 
         assert(dest);
         assert(console);
@@ -568,14 +887,17 @@ static int setup_dev_console(const char *dest, const char *console) {
 }
 
 static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
-        char _cleanup_free_ *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *from = NULL, *to = NULL;
         int r, fd, k;
-        mode_t _cleanup_umask_ u;
+        _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
         union {
                 struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
                 uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
-        } control;
-        struct msghdr mh;
+        } control = {};
+        struct msghdr mh = {
+                .msg_control = &control,
+                .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
+        };
         struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
 
         assert(dest);
@@ -616,12 +938,6 @@ static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
                 return -errno;
         }
 
-        zero(mh);
-        zero(control);
-
-        mh.msg_control = &control;
-        mh.msg_controllen = sizeof(control);
-
         cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&mh);
         cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
         cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
@@ -646,36 +962,22 @@ static int setup_kmsg(const char *dest, int kmsg_socket) {
 }
 
 static int setup_hostname(void) {
-        char *hn;
-        int r = 0;
 
-        hn = path_get_file_name(arg_directory);
-        if (hn) {
-                hn = strdup(hn);
-                if (!hn)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                hostname_cleanup(hn);
-
-                if (!isempty(hn))
-                        if (sethostname(hn, strlen(hn)) < 0)
-                                r = -errno;
+        if (arg_share_system)
+                return 0;
 
-                free(hn);
-        }
+        if (sethostname(arg_machine, strlen(arg_machine)) < 0)
+                return -errno;
 
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
-        sd_id128_t machine_id;
-        char _cleanup_free_ *p = NULL, *b = NULL, *q = NULL, *d = NULL;
+        sd_id128_t machine_id, this_id;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL, *b = NULL, *q = NULL, *d = NULL;
         char *id;
         int r;
 
-        if (arg_link_journal == LINK_NO)
-                return 0;
-
         p = strappend(directory, "/etc/machine-id");
         if (!p)
                 return log_oom();
@@ -699,6 +1001,24 @@ static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
                 return r;
         }
 
+        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&this_id);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to retrieve machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        if (sd_id128_equal(machine_id, this_id)) {
+                log_full(arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_ERR,
+                         "Host and machine ids are equal (%s): refusing to link journals", id);
+                if (arg_link_journal == LINK_AUTO)
+                        return 0;
+                return
+                        -EEXIST;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_link_journal == LINK_NO)
+                return 0;
+
         free(p);
         p = strappend("/var/log/journal/", id);
         q = strjoin(directory, "/var/log/journal/", id, NULL);
@@ -799,277 +1119,472 @@ static int setup_journal(const char *directory) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int setup_kdbus(const char *dest, const char *path) {
+        const char *p;
+
+        if (!path)
+                return 0;
+
+        p = strappenda(dest, "/dev/kdbus");
+        if (mkdir(p, 0755) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to create kdbus path: %m");
+                return  -errno;
+        }
+
+        if (mount(path, p, "bind", MS_BIND, NULL) < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to mount kdbus domain path: %m");
+                return -errno;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int drop_capabilities(void) {
         return capability_bounding_set_drop(~arg_retain, false);
 }
 
-static int is_os_tree(const char *path) {
+static int register_machine(pid_t pid) {
+        _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
         int r;
-        char *p;
-        /* We use /bin/sh as flag file if something is an OS */
 
-        if (asprintf(&p, "%s/bin/sh", path) < 0)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        if (!arg_register)
+                return 0;
 
-        r = access(p, F_OK);
-        free(p);
+        r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_keep_unit) {
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.machine1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
+                                "RegisterMachine",
+                                &error,
+                                NULL,
+                                "sayssus",
+                                arg_machine,
+                                SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
+                                "nspawn",
+                                "container",
+                                (uint32_t) pid,
+                                strempty(arg_directory));
+        } else {
+                r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                                bus,
+                                "org.freedesktop.machine1",
+                                "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
+                                "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
+                                "CreateMachine",
+                                &error,
+                                NULL,
+                                "sayssusa(sv)",
+                                arg_machine,
+                                SD_BUS_MESSAGE_APPEND_ID128(arg_uuid),
+                                "nspawn",
+                                "container",
+                                (uint32_t) pid,
+                                strempty(arg_directory),
+                                !isempty(arg_slice), "Slice", "s", arg_slice);
+        }
 
-        return r < 0 ? 0 : 1;
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to register machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
 }
 
-static int process_pty(int master, pid_t pid, sigset_t *mask) {
+static int terminate_machine(pid_t pid) {
+        _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+        _cleanup_bus_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        const char *path;
+        int r;
 
-        char in_buffer[LINE_MAX], out_buffer[LINE_MAX];
-        size_t in_buffer_full = 0, out_buffer_full = 0;
-        struct epoll_event stdin_ev, stdout_ev, master_ev, signal_ev;
-        bool stdin_readable = false, stdout_writable = false, master_readable = false, master_writable = false;
-        int ep = -1, signal_fd = -1, r;
-        bool tried_orderly_shutdown = false;
+        if (!arg_register)
+                return 0;
 
-        assert(master >= 0);
-        assert(pid > 0);
-        assert(mask);
+        r = sd_bus_default_system(&bus);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open system bus: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-        fd_nonblock(STDIN_FILENO, 1);
-        fd_nonblock(STDOUT_FILENO, 1);
-        fd_nonblock(master, 1);
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/machine1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.Manager",
+                        "GetMachineByPID",
+                        &error,
+                        &reply,
+                        "u",
+                        (uint32_t) pid);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                /* Note that the machine might already have been
+                 * cleaned up automatically, hence don't consider it a
+                 * failure if we cannot get the machine object. */
+                log_debug("Failed to get machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return 0;
+        }
 
-        signal_fd = signalfd(-1, mask, SFD_NONBLOCK|SFD_CLOEXEC);
-        if (signal_fd < 0) {
-                log_error("signalfd(): %m");
-                r = -errno;
-                goto finish;
+        r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "o", &path);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1",
+                        path,
+                        "org.freedesktop.machine1.Machine",
+                        "Terminate",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_debug("Failed to terminate machine: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return 0;
         }
 
-        ep = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
-        if (ep < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to create epoll: %m");
-                r = -errno;
-                goto finish;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int reset_audit_loginuid(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        if (arg_share_system)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/loginuid", &p);
+        if (r == -EEXIST)
+                return 0;
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to read /proc/self/loginuid: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
         }
 
-        /* We read from STDIN only if this is actually a TTY,
-         * otherwise we assume non-interactivity. */
-        if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
-                zero(stdin_ev);
-                stdin_ev.events = EPOLLIN|EPOLLET;
-                stdin_ev.data.fd = STDIN_FILENO;
+        /* Already reset? */
+        if (streq(p, "4294967295"))
+                return 0;
 
-                if (epoll_ctl(ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, STDIN_FILENO, &stdin_ev) < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to register STDIN in epoll: %m");
-                        r = -errno;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        r = write_string_file("/proc/self/loginuid", "4294967295");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to reset audit login UID. This probably means that your kernel is too\n"
+                          "old and you have audit enabled. Note that the auditing subsystem is known to\n"
+                          "be incompatible with containers on old kernels. Please make sure to upgrade\n"
+                          "your kernel or to off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command line before\n"
+                          "using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s... (%s)\n", strerror(-r));
+
+                sleep(5);
         }
 
-        zero(stdout_ev);
-        stdout_ev.events = EPOLLOUT|EPOLLET;
-        stdout_ev.data.fd = STDOUT_FILENO;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int setup_veth(pid_t pid, char iface_name[]) {
+        _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
+        int r;
 
-        zero(master_ev);
-        master_ev.events = EPOLLIN|EPOLLOUT|EPOLLET;
-        master_ev.data.fd = master;
+        if (!arg_private_network)
+                return 0;
 
-        zero(signal_ev);
-        signal_ev.events = EPOLLIN;
-        signal_ev.data.fd = signal_fd;
+        if (!arg_network_veth)
+                return 0;
 
-        if (epoll_ctl(ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, STDOUT_FILENO, &stdout_ev) < 0 ||
-            epoll_ctl(ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, master, &master_ev) < 0 ||
-            epoll_ctl(ep, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, signal_fd, &signal_ev) < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to register fds in epoll: %m");
-                r = -errno;
-                goto finish;
+        strncpy(iface_name+3, arg_machine, IFNAMSIZ - 3);
+
+        r = sd_rtnl_open(0, &rtnl);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
         }
 
-        for (;;) {
-                struct epoll_event ev[16];
-                ssize_t k;
-                int i, nfds;
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, RTM_NEWLINK, 0, &m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                nfds = epoll_wait(ep, ev, ELEMENTSOF(ev), -1);
-                if (nfds < 0) {
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, iface_name);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                        if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
-                                continue;
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_LINKINFO);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                        log_error("epoll_wait(): %m");
-                        r = -errno;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_INFO_KIND, "veth");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to append netlink kind: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                assert(nfds >= 1);
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, IFLA_INFO_DATA);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                for (i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
-                        if (ev[i].data.fd == STDIN_FILENO) {
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_open_container(m, VETH_INFO_PEER);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                if (ev[i].events & (EPOLLIN|EPOLLHUP))
-                                        stdin_readable = true;
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, "host0");
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                        } else if (ev[i].data.fd == STDOUT_FILENO) {
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add netlink namespace field: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                if (ev[i].events & (EPOLLOUT|EPOLLHUP))
-                                        stdout_writable = true;
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                        } else if (ev[i].data.fd == master) {
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                if (ev[i].events & (EPOLLIN|EPOLLHUP))
-                                        master_readable = true;
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_close_container(m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to close netlink container: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                if (ev[i].events & (EPOLLOUT|EPOLLHUP))
-                                        master_writable = true;
+        r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add new veth interfaces: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                        } else if (ev[i].data.fd == signal_fd) {
-                                struct signalfd_siginfo sfsi;
-                                ssize_t n;
+        return 0;
+}
 
-                                n = read(signal_fd, &sfsi, sizeof(sfsi));
-                                if (n != sizeof(sfsi)) {
+static int setup_bridge(const char veth_name[]) {
+        _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
+        _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
+        int r, bridge;
 
-                                        if (n >= 0) {
-                                                log_error("Failed to read from signalfd: invalid block size");
-                                                r = -EIO;
-                                                goto finish;
-                                        }
+        if (!arg_private_network)
+                return 0;
 
-                                        if (errno != EINTR && errno != EAGAIN) {
-                                                log_error("Failed to read from signalfd: %m");
-                                                r = -errno;
-                                                goto finish;
-                                        }
-                                } else {
+        if (!arg_network_veth)
+                return 0;
 
-                                        if (sfsi.ssi_signo == SIGWINCH) {
-                                                struct winsize ws;
+        if (!arg_network_bridge)
+                return 0;
 
-                                                /* The window size changed, let's forward that. */
-                                                if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
-                                                        ioctl(master, TIOCSWINSZ, &ws);
-                                        } else if (sfsi.ssi_signo == SIGTERM && arg_boot && !tried_orderly_shutdown) {
+        bridge = (int) if_nametoindex(arg_network_bridge);
+        if (bridge <= 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", arg_network_bridge);
+                return -errno;
+        }
 
-                                                log_info("Trying to halt container. Send SIGTERM again to trigger immediate termination.");
+        r = sd_rtnl_open(0, &rtnl);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                                /* This only works for systemd... */
-                                                tried_orderly_shutdown = true;
-                                                kill(pid, SIGRTMIN+3);
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, RTM_SETLINK, 0, &m);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                        } else {
-                                                r = 0;
-                                                goto finish;
-                                        }
-                                }
-                        }
-                }
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_append_string(m, IFLA_IFNAME, veth_name);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add netlink interface name field: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                while ((stdin_readable && in_buffer_full <= 0) ||
-                       (master_writable && in_buffer_full > 0) ||
-                       (master_readable && out_buffer_full <= 0) ||
-                       (stdout_writable && out_buffer_full > 0)) {
+        r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_MASTER, bridge);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add netlink master field: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                        if (stdin_readable && in_buffer_full < LINE_MAX) {
+        r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add veth interface to bridge: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                k = read(STDIN_FILENO, in_buffer + in_buffer_full, LINE_MAX - in_buffer_full);
-                                if (k < 0) {
+        return 0;
+}
 
-                                        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EPIPE || errno == ECONNRESET || errno == EIO)
-                                                stdin_readable = false;
-                                        else {
-                                                log_error("read(): %m");
-                                                r = -errno;
-                                                goto finish;
-                                        }
-                                } else
-                                        in_buffer_full += (size_t) k;
-                        }
+static int move_network_interfaces(pid_t pid) {
+        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
+        _cleanup_rtnl_unref_ sd_rtnl *rtnl = NULL;
+        char **i;
+        int r;
 
-                        if (master_writable && in_buffer_full > 0) {
+        if (!arg_private_network)
+                return 0;
 
-                                k = write(master, in_buffer, in_buffer_full);
-                                if (k < 0) {
+        if (strv_isempty(arg_network_interfaces))
+                return 0;
 
-                                        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EPIPE || errno == ECONNRESET || errno == EIO)
-                                                master_writable = false;
-                                        else {
-                                                log_error("write(): %m");
-                                                r = -errno;
-                                                goto finish;
-                                        }
+        r = sd_rtnl_open(0, &rtnl);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to connect to netlink: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-                                } else {
-                                        assert(in_buffer_full >= (size_t) k);
-                                        memmove(in_buffer, in_buffer + k, in_buffer_full - k);
-                                        in_buffer_full -= k;
-                                }
-                        }
+        udev = udev_new();
+        if (!udev) {
+                log_error("Failed to connect to udev.");
+                return -ENOMEM;
+        }
 
-                        if (master_readable && out_buffer_full < LINE_MAX) {
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_network_interfaces) {
+                _cleanup_rtnl_message_unref_ sd_rtnl_message *m = NULL;
+                _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d = NULL;
+                char ifi_str[2 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int)];
+                int ifi;
 
-                                k = read(master, out_buffer + out_buffer_full, LINE_MAX - out_buffer_full);
-                                if (k < 0) {
+                ifi = (int) if_nametoindex(*i);
+                if (ifi <= 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to resolve interface %s: %m", *i);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
 
-                                        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EPIPE || errno == ECONNRESET || errno == EIO)
-                                                master_readable = false;
-                                        else {
-                                                log_error("read(): %m");
-                                                r = -errno;
-                                                goto finish;
-                                        }
-                                }  else
-                                        out_buffer_full += (size_t) k;
-                        }
+                sprintf(ifi_str, "n%i", ifi);
+                d = udev_device_new_from_device_id(udev, ifi_str);
+                if (!d) {
+                        log_error("Failed to get udev device for interface %s: %m", *i);
+                        return -errno;
+                }
 
-                        if (stdout_writable && out_buffer_full > 0) {
+                if (udev_device_get_is_initialized(d) <= 0) {
+                        log_error("Network interface %s is not initialized yet.", *i);
+                        return -EBUSY;
+                }
 
-                                k = write(STDOUT_FILENO, out_buffer, out_buffer_full);
-                                if (k < 0) {
+                r = sd_rtnl_message_new_link(rtnl, RTM_NEWLINK, ifi, &m);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to allocate netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
 
-                                        if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EPIPE || errno == ECONNRESET || errno == EIO)
-                                                stdout_writable = false;
-                                        else {
-                                                log_error("write(): %m");
-                                                r = -errno;
-                                                goto finish;
-                                        }
+                r = sd_rtnl_message_append_u32(m, IFLA_NET_NS_PID, pid);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to append namespace PID to netlink message: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
 
-                                } else {
-                                        assert(out_buffer_full >= (size_t) k);
-                                        memmove(out_buffer, out_buffer + k, out_buffer_full - k);
-                                        out_buffer_full -= k;
-                                }
-                        }
+                r = sd_rtnl_call(rtnl, m, 0, NULL);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to move interface %s to namespace: %s", *i, strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
                 }
         }
 
-finish:
-        if (ep >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(ep);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int audit_still_doesnt_work_in_containers(void) {
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+        scmp_filter_ctx seccomp;
+        int r;
+
+        /*
+           Audit is broken in containers, much of the userspace audit
+           hookup will fail if running inside a container. We don't
+           care and just turn off creation of audit sockets.
 
-        if (signal_fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(signal_fd);
+           This will make socket(AF_NETLINK, *, NETLINK_AUDIT) fail
+           with EAFNOSUPPORT which audit userspace uses as indication
+           that audit is disabled in the kernel.
+         */
 
+        seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
+        if (!seccomp)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        r = seccomp_add_secondary_archs(seccomp);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST) {
+                log_error("Failed to add secondary archs to seccomp filter: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = seccomp_rule_add_exact(
+                        seccomp,
+                        SCMP_ACT_ERRNO(EAFNOSUPPORT),
+                        SCMP_SYS(socket),
+                        2,
+                        SCMP_A0(SCMP_CMP_EQ, AF_NETLINK),
+                        SCMP_A2(SCMP_CMP_EQ, NETLINK_AUDIT));
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to add audit seccomp rule: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error("Failed to install seccomp audit filter: %s", strerror(-r));
+
+finish:
+        seccomp_release(seccomp);
         return r;
+#else
+        return 0;
+#endif
+
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
-        pid_t pid = 0;
-        int r = EXIT_FAILURE, k;
-        char *oldcg = NULL, *newcg = NULL;
-        char **controller = NULL;
-        int master = -1, n_fd_passed;
+
+        _cleanup_close_ int master = -1, kdbus_fd = -1, sync_fd = -1;
+        _cleanup_close_pipe_ int kmsg_socket_pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
+        _cleanup_free_ char *kdbus_domain = NULL;
+        _cleanup_fdset_free_ FDSet *fds = NULL;
         const char *console = NULL;
-        struct termios saved_attr, raw_attr;
+        int r = EXIT_FAILURE, k;
+        int n_fd_passed;
+        pid_t pid = 0;
         sigset_t mask;
-        bool saved_attr_valid = false;
-        struct winsize ws;
-        int kmsg_socket_pair[2] = { -1, -1 };
-        FDSet *fds = NULL;
+        char veth_name[IFNAMSIZ] = "ve-";
 
         log_parse_environment();
         log_open();
 
-        r = parse_argv(argc, argv);
-        if (r <= 0)
+        k = parse_argv(argc, argv);
+        if (k < 0)
+                goto finish;
+        else if (k == 0) {
+                r = EXIT_SUCCESS;
                 goto finish;
+        }
 
         if (arg_directory) {
                 char *p;
@@ -1081,12 +1596,26 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 arg_directory = get_current_dir_name();
 
         if (!arg_directory) {
-                log_error("Failed to determine path");
+                log_error("Failed to determine path, please use -D.");
                 goto finish;
         }
 
         path_kill_slashes(arg_directory);
 
+        if (!arg_machine) {
+                arg_machine = strdup(basename(arg_directory));
+                if (!arg_machine) {
+                        log_oom();
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
+                hostname_cleanup(arg_machine, false);
+                if (isempty(arg_machine)) {
+                        log_error("Failed to determine machine name automatically, please use -M.");
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
         if (geteuid() != 0) {
                 log_error("Need to be root.");
                 goto finish;
@@ -1102,9 +1631,21 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        if (is_os_tree(arg_directory) <= 0) {
-                log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory. Refusing.", arg_directory);
-                goto finish;
+        if (arg_boot) {
+                if (path_is_os_tree(arg_directory) <= 0) {
+                        log_error("Directory %s doesn't look like an OS root directory (/etc/os-release is missing). Refusing.", arg_directory);
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        } else {
+                const char *p;
+
+                p = strappenda(arg_directory,
+                               argc > optind && path_is_absolute(argv[optind]) ? argv[optind] : "/usr/bin/");
+                if (access(p, F_OK) < 0) {
+                        log_error("Directory %s lacks the binary to execute or doesn't look like a binary tree. Refusing.", arg_directory);
+                        goto finish;
+
+                }
         }
 
         log_close();
@@ -1119,29 +1660,6 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         fdset_close_others(fds);
         log_open();
 
-        k = cg_get_by_pid(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 0, &oldcg);
-        if (k < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to determine current cgroup: %s", strerror(-k));
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        if (asprintf(&newcg, "%s/nspawn-%lu", oldcg, (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to allocate cgroup path.");
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        k = cg_create_and_attach(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, newcg, 0);
-        if (k < 0)  {
-                log_error("Failed to create cgroup: %s", strerror(-k));
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-        STRV_FOREACH(controller, arg_controllers) {
-                k = cg_create_and_attach(*controller, newcg, 0);
-                if (k < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to create cgroup in controller %s: %s", *controller, strerror(-k));
-        }
-
         master = posix_openpt(O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY);
         if (master < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to acquire pseudo tty: %m");
@@ -1154,29 +1672,41 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        log_info("Spawning namespace container on %s (console is %s).", arg_directory, console);
-
-        if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
-                ioctl(master, TIOCSWINSZ, &ws);
+        if (!arg_quiet)
+                log_info("Spawning container %s on %s. Press ^] three times within 1s to abort execution.", arg_machine, arg_directory);
 
         if (unlockpt(master) < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to unlock tty: %m");
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &saved_attr) >= 0) {
-                saved_attr_valid = true;
+        if (access("/dev/kdbus/control", F_OK) >= 0) {
+
+                if (arg_share_system) {
+                        kdbus_domain = strdup("/dev/kdbus");
+                        if (!kdbus_domain) {
+                                log_oom();
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        const char *ns;
 
-                raw_attr = saved_attr;
-                cfmakeraw(&raw_attr);
-                raw_attr.c_lflag &= ~ECHO;
+                        ns = strappenda("machine-", arg_machine);
+                        kdbus_fd = bus_kernel_create_domain(ns, &kdbus_domain);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_debug("Failed to create kdbus domain: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        else
+                                log_debug("Successfully created kdbus domain as %s", kdbus_domain);
+                }
         }
 
         if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_NONBLOCK|SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, kmsg_socket_pair) < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to create kmsg socket pair");
+                log_error("Failed to create kmsg socket pair: %m");
                 goto finish;
         }
 
+        sd_notify(0, "READY=1");
+
         assert_se(sigemptyset(&mask) == 0);
         sigset_add_many(&mask, SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH, SIGTERM, SIGINT, -1);
         assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
@@ -1184,14 +1714,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         for (;;) {
                 siginfo_t status;
 
-                if (saved_attr_valid) {
-                        if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &raw_attr) < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to set terminal attributes: %m");
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
+                sync_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC);
+                if (sync_fd < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to create event fd: %m");
+                        goto finish;
                 }
 
-                pid = syscall(__NR_clone, SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS|(arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), NULL);
+                pid = syscall(__NR_clone,
+                              SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
+                              (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
+                              (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), NULL);
                 if (pid < 0) {
                         if (errno == EINVAL)
                                 log_error("clone() failed, do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in): %m");
@@ -1203,13 +1735,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 if (pid == 0) {
                         /* child */
-
                         const char *home = NULL;
                         uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
                         gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
-                        unsigned n_env = 0;
+                        unsigned n_env = 2;
                         const char *envp[] = {
-                                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
+                                "PATH=" DEFAULT_PATH_SPLIT_USR,
                                 "container=systemd-nspawn", /* LXC sets container=lxc, so follow the scheme here */
                                 NULL, /* TERM */
                                 NULL, /* HOME */
@@ -1220,9 +1751,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 NULL, /* LISTEN_PID */
                                 NULL
                         };
+                        char **env_use;
+                        eventfd_t x;
 
-                        envp[2] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
-                        n_env = 3;
+                        envp[n_env] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
+                        if (envp[n_env])
+                                n_env ++;
 
                         close_nointr_nofail(master);
                         master = -1;
@@ -1261,6 +1795,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 goto child_fail;
                         }
 
+                        if (reset_audit_loginuid() < 0)
+                                goto child_fail;
+
                         if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL) < 0) {
                                 log_error("PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
                                 goto child_fail;
@@ -1292,8 +1829,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         if (copy_devnodes(arg_directory) < 0)
                                 goto child_fail;
 
+                        if (setup_ptmx(arg_directory) < 0)
+                                goto child_fail;
+
                         dev_setup(arg_directory);
 
+                        if (audit_still_doesnt_work_in_containers() < 0)
+                                goto child_fail;
+
                         if (setup_dev_console(arg_directory, console) < 0)
                                 goto child_fail;
 
@@ -1315,6 +1858,15 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         if (setup_journal(arg_directory) < 0)
                                 goto child_fail;
 
+                        if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind, 0) < 0)
+                                goto child_fail;
+
+                        if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind_ro, MS_RDONLY) < 0)
+                                goto child_fail;
+
+                        if (setup_kdbus(arg_directory, kdbus_domain) < 0)
+                                goto child_fail;
+
                         if (chdir(arg_directory) < 0) {
                                 log_error("chdir(%s) failed: %m", arg_directory);
                                 goto child_fail;
@@ -1337,7 +1889,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                         umask(0022);
 
-                        loopback_setup();
+                        if (arg_private_network)
+                                loopback_setup();
 
                         if (drop_capabilities() < 0) {
                                 log_error("drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
@@ -1407,8 +1960,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 goto child_fail;
                         }
 
-                        if (arg_uuid) {
-                                if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=%s", arg_uuid) < 0) {
+                        if (!sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
+                                if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_uuid)) < 0) {
                                         log_oom();
                                         goto child_fail;
                                 }
@@ -1422,7 +1975,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 }
 
                                 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fd_passed) < 0) ||
-                                    (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0)) {
+                                    (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0)) {
                                         log_oom();
                                         goto child_fail;
                                 }
@@ -1430,6 +1983,28 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                         setup_hostname();
 
+                        eventfd_read(sync_fd, &x);
+                        close_nointr_nofail(sync_fd);
+                        sync_fd = -1;
+
+                        if (!strv_isempty(arg_setenv)) {
+                                char **n;
+
+                                n = strv_env_merge(2, envp, arg_setenv);
+                                if (!n) {
+                                        log_oom();
+                                        goto child_fail;
+                                }
+
+                                env_use = n;
+                        } else
+                                env_use = (char**) envp;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
+                        if (arg_selinux_context)
+                                if (setexeccon(arg_selinux_context) < 0)
+                                        log_error("setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context);
+#endif
                         if (arg_boot) {
                                 char **a;
                                 size_t l;
@@ -1441,18 +2016,19 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 memcpy(a + 1, argv + optind, l * sizeof(char*));
 
                                 a[0] = (char*) "/usr/lib/systemd/systemd";
-                                execve(a[0], a, (char**) envp);
+                                execve(a[0], a, env_use);
 
                                 a[0] = (char*) "/lib/systemd/systemd";
-                                execve(a[0], a, (char**) envp);
+                                execve(a[0], a, env_use);
 
                                 a[0] = (char*) "/sbin/init";
-                                execve(a[0], a, (char**) envp);
+                                execve(a[0], a, env_use);
                         } else if (argc > optind)
-                                execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, (char**) envp);
+                                execvpe(argv[optind], argv + optind, env_use);
                         else {
                                 chdir(home ? home : "/root");
-                                execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, (char**) envp);
+                                execle("/bin/bash", "-bash", NULL, env_use);
+                                execle("/bin/sh", "-sh", NULL, env_use);
                         }
 
                         log_error("execv() failed: %m");
@@ -1464,70 +2040,93 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 fdset_free(fds);
                 fds = NULL;
 
-                if (process_pty(master, pid, &mask) < 0)
+                r = register_machine(pid);
+                if (r < 0)
                         goto finish;
 
-                if (saved_attr_valid)
-                        tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &saved_attr);
+                r = move_network_interfaces(pid);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
 
-                r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
-                if (r < 0) {
+                r = setup_veth(pid, veth_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                r = setup_bridge(veth_name);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+
+                eventfd_write(sync_fd, 1);
+                close_nointr_nofail(sync_fd);
+                sync_fd = -1;
+
+                k = process_pty(master, &mask, arg_boot ? pid : 0, SIGRTMIN+3);
+                if (k < 0) {
+                        r = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                if (!arg_quiet)
+                        putc('\n', stdout);
+
+                /* Kill if it is not dead yet anyway */
+                terminate_machine(pid);
+
+                /* Redundant, but better safe than sorry */
+                kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+
+                k = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
+                pid = 0;
+
+                if (k < 0) {
                         r = EXIT_FAILURE;
                         break;
                 }
 
                 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
+                        r = status.si_status;
                         if (status.si_status != 0) {
-                                log_error("Container failed with error code %i.", status.si_status);
-                                r = status.si_status;
+                                log_error("Container %s failed with error code %i.", arg_machine, status.si_status);
                                 break;
                         }
 
-                        log_debug("Container exited successfully.");
+                        if (!arg_quiet)
+                                log_debug("Container %s exited successfully.", arg_machine);
                         break;
                 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED &&
                            status.si_status == SIGINT) {
-                        log_info("Container has been shut down.");
+
+                        if (!arg_quiet)
+                                log_info("Container %s has been shut down.", arg_machine);
                         r = 0;
                         break;
                 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED &&
                            status.si_status == SIGHUP) {
-                        log_info("Container is being rebooted.");
+
+                        if (!arg_quiet)
+                                log_info("Container %s is being rebooted.", arg_machine);
                         continue;
                 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
                            status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
 
-                        log_error("Container terminated by signal %s.", signal_to_string(status.si_status));
+                        log_error("Container %s terminated by signal %s.", arg_machine, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
                         r = EXIT_FAILURE;
                         break;
                 } else {
-                        log_error("Container failed due to unknown reason.");
+                        log_error("Container %s failed due to unknown reason.", arg_machine);
                         r = EXIT_FAILURE;
                         break;
                 }
         }
 
 finish:
-        if (saved_attr_valid)
-                tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &saved_attr);
-
-        if (master >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(master);
-
-        close_pipe(kmsg_socket_pair);
-
-        if (oldcg)
-                cg_attach(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, oldcg, 0);
-
-        if (newcg)
-                cg_kill_recursive_and_wait(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, newcg, true);
+        if (pid > 0)
+                kill(pid, SIGKILL);
 
         free(arg_directory);
-        strv_free(arg_controllers);
-        free(oldcg);
-        free(newcg);
-
-        fdset_free(fds);
+        free(arg_machine);
+        free(arg_setenv);
+        free(arg_network_interfaces);
 
         return r;
 }