+static void print_subtree(const char *prefix, const char *path, char **l) {
+ const char *vertical, *space;
+ char **n;
+
+ /* We assume the list is sorted. Let's first skip over the
+ * entry we are looking at. */
+ for (;;) {
+ if (!*l)
+ return;
+
+ if (!streq(*l, path))
+ break;
+
+ l++;
+ }
+
+ vertical = strappenda(prefix, draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL));
+ space = strappenda(prefix, draw_special_char(DRAW_TREE_SPACE));
+
+ for (;;) {
+ bool has_more = false;
+
+ if (!*l || !path_startswith(*l, path))
+ break;
+
+ n = l + 1;
+ for (;;) {
+ if (!*n || !path_startswith(*n, path))
+ break;
+
+ if (!path_startswith(*n, *l)) {
+ has_more = true;
+ break;
+ }
+
+ n++;
+ }
+
+ printf("%s%s%s\n", prefix, draw_special_char(has_more ? DRAW_TREE_BRANCH : DRAW_TREE_RIGHT), *l);
+
+ print_subtree(has_more ? vertical : space, *l, l);
+ l = n;
+ }
+}
+
+static void print_tree(const char *prefix, char **l) {
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ prefix = strempty(prefix);
+
+ if (arg_list) {
+ char **i;
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, l)
+ printf("%s%s\n", prefix, *i);
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (strv_isempty(l)) {
+ printf("No objects discovered.\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (streq(l[0], "/") && !l[1]) {
+ printf("Only root object discovered.\n");
+ return;
+ }
+
+ print_subtree(prefix, "/", l);
+}
+
+static int on_path(const char *path, void *userdata) {
+ Set *paths = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(paths);
+
+ r = set_put_strdup(paths, path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int find_nodes(sd_bus *bus, const char *service, const char *path, Set *paths, bool many) {
+ static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
+ .on_path = on_path,
+ };
+
+ _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+ _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ const char *xml;
+ int r;
+
+ r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, service, path, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect", &error, &reply, "");
+ if (r < 0) {
+ if (many)
+ printf("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s\n", path, service, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ else
+ log_error("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s", path, service, bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &xml);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ return parse_xml_introspect(path, xml, &ops, paths);
+}
+
+static int tree_one(sd_bus *bus, const char *service, const char *prefix, bool many) {
+ _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *paths = NULL, *done = NULL, *failed = NULL;
+ _cleanup_free_ char **l = NULL;
+ char *m;
+ int r;
+
+ paths = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!paths)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!done)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ failed = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!failed)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m = strdup("/");
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(paths, m);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ free(m);
+ return log_oom();
+ }
+
+ for (;;) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+ int q;
+
+ p = set_steal_first(paths);
+ if (!p)
+ break;
+
+ if (set_contains(done, p) ||
+ set_contains(failed, p))
+ continue;
+
+ q = find_nodes(bus, service, p, paths, many);
+ if (q < 0) {
+ if (r >= 0)
+ r = q;
+
+ q = set_put(failed, p);
+ } else
+ q = set_put(done, p);
+
+ if (q < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ assert(q != 0);
+ p = NULL;
+ }
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ l = set_get_strv(done);
+ if (!l)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ strv_sort(l);
+ print_tree(prefix, l);
+
+ fflush(stdout);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+static int tree(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
+ char **i;
+ int r = 0;
+
+ if (!arg_unique && !arg_acquired)
+ arg_acquired = true;
+
+ if (strv_length(argv) <= 1) {
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **names = NULL;
+ bool not_first = false;
+
+ r = sd_bus_list_names(bus, &names, NULL);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to get name list: %s", strerror(-r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, names) {
+ int q;
+
+ if (!arg_unique && (*i)[0] == ':')
+ continue;
+
+ if (!arg_acquired && (*i)[0] == ':')
+ continue;
+
+ if (not_first)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *i, ansi_highlight_off());
+
+ q = tree_one(bus, *i, NULL, true);
+ if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+ r = q;
+
+ not_first = true;
+ }
+ } else {
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, argv+1) {
+ int q;
+
+ if (i > argv+1)
+ printf("\n");
+
+ if (argv[2]) {
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+ printf("Service %s%s%s:\n", ansi_highlight(), *i, ansi_highlight_off());
+ }
+
+ q = tree_one(bus, *i, NULL, !!argv[2]);
+ if (q < 0 && r >= 0)
+ r = q;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+typedef struct Member {
+ const char *type;
+ char *interface;
+ char *name;
+ char *signature;
+ char *result;
+ bool writable;
+ uint64_t flags;
+} Member;
+
+static unsigned long member_hash_func(const void *p, const uint8_t hash_key[]) {
+ const Member *m = p;
+ unsigned long ul;
+
+ assert(m);
+ assert(m->type);
+
+ ul = string_hash_func(m->type, hash_key);
+
+ if (m->name)
+ ul ^= string_hash_func(m->name, hash_key);
+
+ if (m->interface)
+ ul ^= string_hash_func(m->interface, hash_key);
+
+ return ul;
+}
+
+static int member_compare_func(const void *a, const void *b) {
+ const Member *x = a, *y = b;
+ int d;
+
+ assert(x);
+ assert(y);
+ assert(x->type);
+ assert(y->type);
+
+ if (!x->interface && y->interface)
+ return -1;
+ if (x->interface && !y->interface)
+ return 1;
+ if (x->interface && y->interface) {
+ d = strcmp(x->interface, y->interface);
+ if (d != 0)
+ return d;
+ }
+
+ d = strcmp(x->type, y->type);
+ if (d != 0)
+ return d;
+
+ if (!x->name && y->name)
+ return -1;
+ if (x->name && !y->name)
+ return 1;
+ if (x->name && y->name)
+ return strcmp(x->name, y->name);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int member_compare_funcp(const void *a, const void *b) {
+ const Member *const * x = (const Member *const *) a, * const *y = (const Member *const *) b;
+
+ return member_compare_func(*x, *y);
+}
+
+static void member_free(Member *m) {
+ if (!m)
+ return;
+
+ free(m->interface);
+ free(m->name);
+ free(m->signature);
+ free(m->result);
+ free(m);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Member*, member_free);
+
+static void member_set_free(Set *s) {
+ Member *m;
+
+ while ((m = set_steal_first(s)))
+ member_free(m);
+
+ set_free(s);
+}
+
+DEFINE_TRIVIAL_CLEANUP_FUNC(Set*, member_set_free);
+
+static int on_interface(const char *interface, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(members);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "interface";
+ m->flags = flags;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate interface");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_method(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, const char *result, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(name);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "method";
+ m->flags = flags;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->result, result);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate method");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_signal(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(name);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "signal";
+ m->flags = flags;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate signal");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_property(const char *interface, const char *name, const char *signature, bool writable, uint64_t flags, void *userdata) {
+ _cleanup_(member_freep) Member *m;
+ Set *members = userdata;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(interface);
+ assert(name);
+
+ m = new0(Member, 1);
+ if (!m)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ m->type = "property";
+ m->flags = flags;
+ m->writable = writable;
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->interface, interface);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->name, name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = free_and_strdup(&m->signature, signature);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = set_put(members, m);
+ if (r <= 0) {
+ log_error("Duplicate property");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ m = NULL;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *strdash(const char *x) {
+ return isempty(x) ? "-" : x;
+}
+
+static int introspect(sd_bus *bus, char **argv) {
+ static const struct hash_ops member_hash_ops = {
+ .hash = member_hash_func,
+ .compare = member_compare_func,
+ };
+
+ static const XMLIntrospectOps ops = {
+ .on_interface = on_interface,
+ .on_method = on_method,
+ .on_signal = on_signal,
+ .on_property = on_property,
+ };
+
+ _cleanup_bus_message_unref_ sd_bus_message *reply = NULL;
+ _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+ _cleanup_(member_set_freep) Set *members = NULL;
+ Iterator i;
+ Member *m;
+ const char *xml;
+ int r;
+ unsigned name_width, type_width, signature_width, result_width;
+ Member **sorted = NULL;
+ unsigned k = 0, j;
+
+ if (strv_length(argv) != 3) {
+ log_error("Requires service and object path argument.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ members = set_new(&member_hash_ops);
+ if (!members)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = sd_bus_call_method(bus, argv[1], argv[2], "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable", "Introspect", &error, &reply, "");
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to introspect object %s of service %s: %s", argv[2], argv[1], bus_error_message(&error, r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ r = sd_bus_message_read(reply, "s", &xml);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return bus_log_parse_error(r);
+
+ r = parse_xml_introspect(argv[2], xml, &ops, members);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ name_width = strlen("NAME");
+ type_width = strlen("TYPE");
+ signature_width = strlen("SIGNATURE");
+ result_width = strlen("RESULT");
+
+ sorted = newa(Member*, set_size(members));
+
+ SET_FOREACH(m, members, i) {
+ if (m->interface)
+ name_width = MAX(name_width, strlen(m->interface));
+ if (m->name)
+ name_width = MAX(name_width, strlen(m->name) + 1);
+ if (m->type)
+ type_width = MAX(type_width, strlen(m->type));
+ if (m->signature)
+ signature_width = MAX(signature_width, strlen(m->signature));
+ if (m->result)
+ result_width = MAX(result_width, strlen(m->result));
+
+ sorted[k++] = m;
+ }
+
+ assert(k == set_size(members));
+ qsort(sorted, k, sizeof(Member*), member_compare_funcp);
+
+ printf("%-*s %-*s %-*s %-*s %s\n",
+ (int) name_width, "NAME",
+ (int) type_width, "TYPE",
+ (int) signature_width, "SIGNATURE",
+ (int) result_width, "RESULT",
+ "FLAGS");
+
+ for (j = 0; j < k; j++) {
+ bool is_interface;
+
+ m = sorted[j];
+
+ is_interface = streq(m->type, "interface");
+
+ printf("%s%s%-*s%s %-*s %-*s %-*s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
+ is_interface ? ansi_highlight() : "",
+ is_interface ? "" : ".",
+ - !is_interface + (int) name_width, strdash(streq_ptr(m->type, "interface") ? m->interface : m->name),
+ is_interface ? ansi_highlight_off() : "",
+ (int) type_width, strdash(m->type),
+ (int) signature_width, strdash(m->signature),
+ (int) result_width, strdash(m->result),
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED) ? " deprecated" : (m->flags || m->writable ? "" : " -"),
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_METHOD_NO_REPLY) ? " no-reply" : "",
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_CONST) ? " const" : "",
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_CHANGE) ? " emits-change" : "",
+ (m->flags & SD_BUS_VTABLE_PROPERTY_EMITS_INVALIDATION) ? " emits-invalidation" : "",
+ m->writable ? " writable" : "");
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+