chiark / gitweb /
journald: fix flushing
[elogind.git] / src / journal / journald-server.c
index 364ab0f113f615bfc137a4723947ca67d710123c..12735c4b81d3e34e3311c0ab4d5e377ba43d9ccd 100644 (file)
 #include <linux/sockios.h>
 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/timerfd.h>
 
 #include <libudev.h>
-#include <systemd/sd-journal.h>
-#include <systemd/sd-messages.h>
-#include <systemd/sd-daemon.h>
-
-#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
-#include <systemd/sd-login.h>
-#endif
 
+#include "sd-journal.h"
+#include "sd-messages.h"
+#include "sd-daemon.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "mkdir.h"
 #include "hashmap.h"
 #include "socket-util.h"
 #include "cgroup-util.h"
 #include "list.h"
-#include "virt.h"
 #include "missing.h"
 #include "conf-parser.h"
+#include "selinux-util.h"
 #include "journal-internal.h"
 #include "journal-vacuum.h"
 #include "journal-authenticate.h"
-#include "journald-server.h"
 #include "journald-rate-limit.h"
 #include "journald-kmsg.h"
 #include "journald-syslog.h"
 #include "journald-stream.h"
 #include "journald-console.h"
 #include "journald-native.h"
+#include "journald-server.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_ACL
 #include <sys/acl.h>
 
 #define USER_JOURNALS_MAX 1024
 
-#define DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_INTERVAL (10*USEC_PER_SEC)
-#define DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_BURST 200
+#define DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL_USEC (5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
+#define DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_INTERVAL (30*USEC_PER_SEC)
+#define DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_BURST 1000
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_USEC USEC_PER_MONTH
 
 #define RECHECK_AVAILABLE_SPACE_USEC (30*USEC_PER_SEC)
 
-static const char* const storage_table[] = {
+static const char* const storage_table[_STORAGE_MAX] = {
         [STORAGE_AUTO] = "auto",
         [STORAGE_VOLATILE] = "volatile",
         [STORAGE_PERSISTENT] = "persistent",
@@ -82,30 +81,31 @@ static const char* const storage_table[] = {
 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(storage, Storage);
 DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_storage, storage, Storage, "Failed to parse storage setting");
 
-static const char* const split_mode_table[] = {
-        [SPLIT_NONE] = "none",
+static const char* const split_mode_table[_SPLIT_MAX] = {
+        [SPLIT_LOGIN] = "login",
         [SPLIT_UID] = "uid",
-        [SPLIT_LOGIN] = "login"
+        [SPLIT_NONE] = "none",
 };
 
 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(split_mode, SplitMode);
 DEFINE_CONFIG_PARSE_ENUM(config_parse_split_mode, split_mode, SplitMode, "Failed to parse split mode setting");
 
-static uint64_t available_space(Server *s) {
+static uint64_t available_space(Server *s, bool verbose) {
         char ids[33];
-        char _cleanup_free_ *p = NULL;
-        const char *f;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
         sd_id128_t machine;
         struct statvfs ss;
-        uint64_t sum = 0, avail = 0, ss_avail = 0;
+        uint64_t sum = 0, ss_avail = 0, avail = 0;
         int r;
-        DIR _cleanup_closedir_ *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
         usec_t ts;
+        const char *f;
         JournalMetrics *m;
 
         ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 
-        if (s->cached_available_space_timestamp + RECHECK_AVAILABLE_SPACE_USEC > ts)
+        if (s->cached_available_space_timestamp + RECHECK_AVAILABLE_SPACE_USEC > ts
+            && !verbose)
                 return s->cached_available_space;
 
         r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
@@ -136,11 +136,11 @@ static uint64_t available_space(Server *s) {
         for (;;) {
                 struct stat st;
                 struct dirent *de;
-                union dirent_storage buf;
 
-                r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
-                if (r != 0)
-                        break;
+                errno = 0;
+                de = readdir(d);
+                if (!de && errno != 0)
+                        return 0;
 
                 if (!de)
                         break;
@@ -158,38 +158,37 @@ static uint64_t available_space(Server *s) {
                 sum += (uint64_t) st.st_blocks * 512UL;
         }
 
-        avail = sum >= m->max_use ? 0 : m->max_use - sum;
-
         ss_avail = ss.f_bsize * ss.f_bavail;
 
-        ss_avail = ss_avail < m->keep_free ? 0 : ss_avail - m->keep_free;
-
-        if (ss_avail < avail)
-                avail = ss_avail;
+        /* If we reached a high mark, we will always allow this much
+         * again, unless usage goes above max_use. This watermark
+         * value is cached so that we don't give up space on pressure,
+         * but hover below the maximum usage. */
 
-        s->cached_available_space = avail;
-        s->cached_available_space_timestamp = ts;
-
-        return avail;
-}
+        if (m->use < sum)
+                m->use = sum;
 
-static void server_read_file_gid(Server *s) {
-        const char *g = "systemd-journal";
-        int r;
-
-        assert(s);
+        avail = LESS_BY(ss_avail, m->keep_free);
 
-        if (s->file_gid_valid)
-                return;
+        s->cached_available_space = LESS_BY(MIN(m->max_use, avail), sum);
+        s->cached_available_space_timestamp = ts;
 
-        r = get_group_creds(&g, &s->file_gid);
-        if (r < 0)
-                log_warning("Failed to resolve '%s' group: %s", g, strerror(-r));
+        if (verbose) {
+                char    fb1[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], fb2[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], fb3[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX],
+                        fb4[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], fb5[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
+
+                server_driver_message(s, SD_MESSAGE_JOURNAL_USAGE,
+                                      "%s journal is using %s (max allowed %s, "
+                                      "trying to leave %s free of %s available → current limit %s).",
+                                      s->system_journal ? "Permanent" : "Runtime",
+                                      format_bytes(fb1, sizeof(fb1), sum),
+                                      format_bytes(fb2, sizeof(fb2), m->max_use),
+                                      format_bytes(fb3, sizeof(fb3), m->keep_free),
+                                      format_bytes(fb4, sizeof(fb4), ss_avail),
+                                      format_bytes(fb5, sizeof(fb5), s->cached_available_space + sum));
+        }
 
-        /* if we couldn't read the gid, then it will be 0, but that's
-         * fine and we shouldn't try to resolve the group again, so
-         * let's just pretend it worked right-away. */
-        s->file_gid_valid = true;
+        return s->cached_available_space;
 }
 
 void server_fix_perms(Server *s, JournalFile *f, uid_t uid) {
@@ -202,14 +201,12 @@ void server_fix_perms(Server *s, JournalFile *f, uid_t uid) {
 
         assert(f);
 
-        server_read_file_gid(s);
-
-        r = fchmod_and_fchown(f->fd, 0640, 0, s->file_gid);
+        r = fchmod(f->fd, 0640);
         if (r < 0)
-                log_warning("Failed to fix access mode/rights on %s, ignoring: %s", f->path, strerror(-r));
+                log_warning("Failed to fix access mode on %s, ignoring: %s", f->path, strerror(-r));
 
 #ifdef HAVE_ACL
-        if (uid <= 0)
+        if (uid <= SYSTEM_UID_MAX)
                 return;
 
         acl = acl_get_fd(f->fd);
@@ -229,9 +226,11 @@ void server_fix_perms(Server *s, JournalFile *f, uid_t uid) {
                 }
         }
 
+        /* We do not recalculate the mask unconditionally here,
+         * so that the fchmod() mask above stays intact. */
         if (acl_get_permset(entry, &permset) < 0 ||
             acl_add_perm(permset, ACL_READ) < 0 ||
-            acl_calc_mask(&acl) < 0) {
+            calc_acl_mask_if_needed(&acl) < 0) {
                 log_warning("Failed to patch ACL on %s, ignoring: %m", f->path);
                 goto finish;
         }
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ finish:
 }
 
 static JournalFile* find_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid) {
-        char *p;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
         int r;
         JournalFile *f;
         sd_id128_t machine;
@@ -260,37 +259,35 @@ static JournalFile* find_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid) {
         if (s->runtime_journal)
                 return s->runtime_journal;
 
-        if (uid <= 0)
+        if (uid <= SYSTEM_UID_MAX)
                 return s->system_journal;
 
         r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
         if (r < 0)
                 return s->system_journal;
 
-        f = hashmap_get(s->user_journals, UINT32_TO_PTR(uid));
+        f = ordered_hashmap_get(s->user_journals, UINT32_TO_PTR(uid));
         if (f)
                 return f;
 
-        if (asprintf(&p, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/user-%lu.journal",
-                     SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine), (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
+        if (asprintf(&p, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/user-"UID_FMT".journal",
+                     SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine), uid) < 0)
                 return s->system_journal;
 
-        while (hashmap_size(s->user_journals) >= USER_JOURNALS_MAX) {
+        while (ordered_hashmap_size(s->user_journals) >= USER_JOURNALS_MAX) {
                 /* Too many open? Then let's close one */
-                f = hashmap_steal_first(s->user_journals);
+                f = ordered_hashmap_steal_first(s->user_journals);
                 assert(f);
                 journal_file_close(f);
         }
 
-        r = journal_file_open_reliably(p, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0640, s->compress, s->seal, &s->system_metrics, s->mmap, s->system_journal, &f);
-        free(p);
-
+        r = journal_file_open_reliably(p, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0640, s->compress, s->seal, &s->system_metrics, s->mmap, NULL, &f);
         if (r < 0)
                 return s->system_journal;
 
         server_fix_perms(s, f, uid);
 
-        r = hashmap_put(s->user_journals, UINT32_TO_PTR(uid), f);
+        r = ordered_hashmap_put(s->user_journals, UINT32_TO_PTR(uid), f);
         if (r < 0) {
                 journal_file_close(f);
                 return s->system_journal;
@@ -299,6 +296,27 @@ static JournalFile* find_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid) {
         return f;
 }
 
+static int do_rotate(Server *s, JournalFile **f, const char* name,
+                     bool seal, uint32_t uid) {
+        int r;
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (!*f)
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        r = journal_file_rotate(f, s->compress, seal);
+        if (r < 0)
+                if (*f)
+                        log_error("Failed to rotate %s: %s",
+                                  (*f)->path, strerror(-r));
+                else
+                        log_error("Failed to create new %s journal: %s",
+                                  name, strerror(-r));
+        else
+                server_fix_perms(s, *f, uid);
+        return r;
+}
+
 void server_rotate(Server *s) {
         JournalFile *f;
         void *k;
@@ -307,45 +325,61 @@ void server_rotate(Server *s) {
 
         log_debug("Rotating...");
 
-        if (s->runtime_journal) {
-                r = journal_file_rotate(&s->runtime_journal, s->compress, false);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        if (s->runtime_journal)
-                                log_error("Failed to rotate %s: %s", s->runtime_journal->path, strerror(-r));
-                        else
-                                log_error("Failed to create new runtime journal: %s", strerror(-r));
-                else
-                        server_fix_perms(s, s->runtime_journal, 0);
+        do_rotate(s, &s->runtime_journal, "runtime", false, 0);
+        do_rotate(s, &s->system_journal, "system", s->seal, 0);
+
+        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(f, k, s->user_journals, i) {
+                r = do_rotate(s, &f, "user", s->seal, PTR_TO_UINT32(k));
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        ordered_hashmap_replace(s->user_journals, k, f);
+                else if (!f)
+                        /* Old file has been closed and deallocated */
+                        ordered_hashmap_remove(s->user_journals, k);
         }
+}
+
+void server_sync(Server *s) {
+        JournalFile *f;
+        void *k;
+        Iterator i;
+        int r;
 
         if (s->system_journal) {
-                r = journal_file_rotate(&s->system_journal, s->compress, s->seal);
+                r = journal_file_set_offline(s->system_journal);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        if (s->system_journal)
-                                log_error("Failed to rotate %s: %s", s->system_journal->path, strerror(-r));
-                        else
-                                log_error("Failed to create new system journal: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error("Failed to sync system journal: %s", strerror(-r));
+        }
 
-                else
-                        server_fix_perms(s, s->system_journal, 0);
+        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(f, k, s->user_journals, i) {
+                r = journal_file_set_offline(f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_error("Failed to sync user journal: %s", strerror(-r));
         }
 
-        HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(f, k, s->user_journals, i) {
-                r = journal_file_rotate(&f, s->compress, s->seal);
+        if (s->sync_event_source) {
+                r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->sync_event_source, SD_EVENT_OFF);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        if (f)
-                                log_error("Failed to rotate %s: %s", f->path, strerror(-r));
-                        else
-                                log_error("Failed to create user journal: %s", strerror(-r));
-                else {
-                        hashmap_replace(s->user_journals, k, f);
-                        server_fix_perms(s, f, PTR_TO_UINT32(k));
-                }
+                        log_error("Failed to disable sync timer source: %s", strerror(-r));
         }
+
+        s->sync_scheduled = false;
 }
 
-void server_vacuum(Server *s) {
+static void do_vacuum(Server *s, char *ids, JournalFile *f, const char* path,
+                      JournalMetrics *metrics) {
         char *p;
+        int r;
+
+        if (!f)
+                return;
+
+        p = strappenda(path, ids);
+        r = journal_directory_vacuum(p, metrics->max_use, s->max_retention_usec, &s->oldest_file_usec);
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                log_error("Failed to vacuum %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
+}
+
+void server_vacuum(Server *s) {
         char ids[33];
         sd_id128_t machine;
         int r;
@@ -359,66 +393,56 @@ void server_vacuum(Server *s) {
                 log_error("Failed to get machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
                 return;
         }
-
         sd_id128_to_string(machine, ids);
 
-        if (s->system_journal) {
-                p = strappend("/var/log/journal/", ids);
-                if (!p) {
-                        log_oom();
-                        return;
-                }
+        do_vacuum(s, ids, s->system_journal, "/var/log/journal/", &s->system_metrics);
+        do_vacuum(s, ids, s->runtime_journal, "/run/log/journal/", &s->runtime_metrics);
 
-                r = journal_directory_vacuum(p, s->system_metrics.max_use, s->system_metrics.keep_free, s->max_retention_usec, &s->oldest_file_usec);
-                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                        log_error("Failed to vacuum %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
-                free(p);
-        }
+        s->cached_available_space_timestamp = 0;
+}
 
-        if (s->runtime_journal) {
-                p = strappend("/run/log/journal/", ids);
-                if (!p) {
-                        log_oom();
-                        return;
-                }
+static void server_cache_machine_id(Server *s) {
+        sd_id128_t id;
+        int r;
 
-                r = journal_directory_vacuum(p, s->runtime_metrics.max_use, s->runtime_metrics.keep_free, s->max_retention_usec, &s->oldest_file_usec);
-                if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
-                        log_error("Failed to vacuum %s: %s", p, strerror(-r));
-                free(p);
-        }
+        assert(s);
 
-        s->cached_available_space_timestamp = 0;
+        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return;
+
+        sd_id128_to_string(id, stpcpy(s->machine_id_field, "_MACHINE_ID="));
 }
 
-static char *shortened_cgroup_path(pid_t pid) {
+static void server_cache_boot_id(Server *s) {
+        sd_id128_t id;
         int r;
-        char _cleanup_free_ *process_path = NULL, *init_path = NULL;
-        char *path;
 
-        assert(pid > 0);
+        assert(s);
 
-        r = cg_get_by_pid(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, pid, &process_path);
+        r = sd_id128_get_boot(&id);
         if (r < 0)
-                return NULL;
+                return;
 
-        r = cg_get_by_pid(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, 1, &init_path);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return NULL;
+        sd_id128_to_string(id, stpcpy(s->boot_id_field, "_BOOT_ID="));
+}
 
-        if (endswith(init_path, "/system"))
-                init_path[strlen(init_path) - 7] = 0;
-        else if (streq(init_path, "/"))
-                init_path[0] = 0;
+static void server_cache_hostname(Server *s) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+        char *x;
 
-        if (startswith(process_path, init_path)) {
-                path = strdup(process_path + strlen(init_path));
-        } else {
-                path = process_path;
-                process_path = NULL;
-        }
+        assert(s);
 
-        return path;
+        t = gethostname_malloc();
+        if (!t)
+                return;
+
+        x = strappend("_HOSTNAME=", t);
+        if (!x)
+                return;
+
+        free(s->hostname_field);
+        s->hostname_field = x;
 }
 
 bool shall_try_append_again(JournalFile *f, int r) {
@@ -450,7 +474,7 @@ bool shall_try_append_again(JournalFile *f, int r) {
         return true;
 }
 
-static void write_to_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid, struct iovec *iovec, unsigned n) {
+static void write_to_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid, struct iovec *iovec, unsigned n, int priority) {
         JournalFile *f;
         bool vacuumed = false;
         int r;
@@ -475,11 +499,18 @@ static void write_to_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid, struct iovec *iovec, unsigned
         }
 
         r = journal_file_append_entry(f, NULL, iovec, n, &s->seqnum, NULL, NULL);
-        if (r >= 0)
+        if (r >= 0) {
+                server_schedule_sync(s, priority);
                 return;
+        }
 
         if (vacuumed || !shall_try_append_again(f, r)) {
-                log_error("Failed to write entry, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+                size_t size = 0;
+                unsigned i;
+                for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                        size += iovec[i].iov_len;
+
+                log_error("Failed to write entry (%d items, %zu bytes), ignoring: %s", n, size, strerror(-r));
                 return;
         }
 
@@ -492,8 +523,15 @@ static void write_to_journal(Server *s, uid_t uid, struct iovec *iovec, unsigned
 
         log_debug("Retrying write.");
         r = journal_file_append_entry(f, NULL, iovec, n, &s->seqnum, NULL, NULL);
-        if (r < 0)
-                log_error("Failed to write entry, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+        if (r < 0) {
+                size_t size = 0;
+                unsigned i;
+                for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                        size += iovec[i].iov_len;
+
+                log_error("Failed to write entry (%d items, %zu bytes) despite vacuuming, ignoring: %s", n, size, strerror(-r));
+        } else
+                server_schedule_sync(s, priority);
 }
 
 static void dispatch_message_real(
@@ -502,166 +540,265 @@ static void dispatch_message_real(
                 struct ucred *ucred,
                 struct timeval *tv,
                 const char *label, size_t label_len,
-                const char *unit_id) {
-
-        char _cleanup_free_ *pid = NULL, *uid = NULL, *gid = NULL,
-                *source_time = NULL, *boot_id = NULL, *machine_id = NULL,
-                *comm = NULL, *cmdline = NULL, *hostname = NULL,
-                *audit_session = NULL, *audit_loginuid = NULL,
-                *exe = NULL, *cgroup = NULL, *session = NULL,
-                *owner_uid = NULL, *unit = NULL, *selinux_context = NULL;
-
-        char idbuf[33];
-        sd_id128_t id;
+                const char *unit_id,
+                int priority,
+                pid_t object_pid) {
+
+        char    pid[sizeof("_PID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(pid_t)],
+                uid[sizeof("_UID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t)],
+                gid[sizeof("_GID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(gid_t)],
+                owner_uid[sizeof("_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t)],
+                source_time[sizeof("_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(usec_t)],
+                o_uid[sizeof("OBJECT_UID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t)],
+                o_gid[sizeof("OBJECT_GID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(gid_t)],
+                o_owner_uid[sizeof("OBJECT_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t)];
+        uid_t object_uid;
+        gid_t object_gid;
+        char *x;
         int r;
-        char *t;
+        char *t, *c;
         uid_t realuid = 0, owner = 0, journal_uid;
         bool owner_valid = false;
+#ifdef HAVE_AUDIT
+        char    audit_session[sizeof("_AUDIT_SESSION=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint32_t)],
+                audit_loginuid[sizeof("_AUDIT_LOGINUID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t)],
+                o_audit_session[sizeof("OBJECT_AUDIT_SESSION=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uint32_t)],
+                o_audit_loginuid[sizeof("OBJECT_AUDIT_LOGINUID=") + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(uid_t)];
+
+        uint32_t audit;
+        uid_t loginuid;
+#endif
 
         assert(s);
         assert(iovec);
         assert(n > 0);
-        assert(n + N_IOVEC_META_FIELDS <= m);
+        assert(n + N_IOVEC_META_FIELDS + (object_pid ? N_IOVEC_OBJECT_FIELDS : 0) <= m);
 
         if (ucred) {
-                uint32_t audit;
-                uid_t loginuid;
-
                 realuid = ucred->uid;
 
-                if (asprintf(&pid, "_PID=%lu", (unsigned long) ucred->pid) >= 0)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], pid);
+                sprintf(pid, "_PID="PID_FMT, ucred->pid);
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], pid);
 
-                if (asprintf(&uid, "_UID=%lu", (unsigned long) ucred->uid) >= 0)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], uid);
+                sprintf(uid, "_UID="UID_FMT, ucred->uid);
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], uid);
 
-                if (asprintf(&gid, "_GID=%lu", (unsigned long) ucred->gid) >= 0)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], gid);
+                sprintf(gid, "_GID="GID_FMT, ucred->gid);
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], gid);
 
                 r = get_process_comm(ucred->pid, &t);
                 if (r >= 0) {
-                        comm = strappend("_COMM=", t);
+                        x = strappenda("_COMM=", t);
                         free(t);
-
-                        if (comm)
-                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], comm);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
                 }
 
                 r = get_process_exe(ucred->pid, &t);
                 if (r >= 0) {
-                        exe = strappend("_EXE=", t);
+                        x = strappenda("_EXE=", t);
                         free(t);
-
-                        if (exe)
-                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], exe);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
                 }
 
                 r = get_process_cmdline(ucred->pid, 0, false, &t);
                 if (r >= 0) {
-                        cmdline = strappend("_CMDLINE=", t);
+                        x = strappenda("_CMDLINE=", t);
                         free(t);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                }
 
-                        if (cmdline)
-                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], cmdline);
+                r = get_process_capeff(ucred->pid, &t);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        x = strappenda("_CAP_EFFECTIVE=", t);
+                        free(t);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
                 }
 
+#ifdef HAVE_AUDIT
                 r = audit_session_from_pid(ucred->pid, &audit);
-                if (r >= 0)
-                        if (asprintf(&audit_session, "_AUDIT_SESSION=%lu", (unsigned long) audit) >= 0)
-                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], audit_session);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        sprintf(audit_session, "_AUDIT_SESSION=%"PRIu32, audit);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], audit_session);
+                }
 
                 r = audit_loginuid_from_pid(ucred->pid, &loginuid);
-                if (r >= 0)
-                        if (asprintf(&audit_loginuid, "_AUDIT_LOGINUID=%lu", (unsigned long) loginuid) >= 0)
-                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], audit_loginuid);
-
-                t = shortened_cgroup_path(ucred->pid);
-                if (t) {
-                        cgroup = strappend("_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=", t);
-                        free(t);
-
-                        if (cgroup)
-                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], cgroup);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        sprintf(audit_loginuid, "_AUDIT_LOGINUID="UID_FMT, loginuid);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], audit_loginuid);
                 }
+#endif
 
-#ifdef HAVE_LOGIND
-                if (sd_pid_get_session(ucred->pid, &t) >= 0) {
-                        session = strappend("_SYSTEMD_SESSION=", t);
-                        free(t);
+                r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(ucred->pid, s->cgroup_root, &c);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        char *session = NULL;
+
+                        x = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=", c);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
 
-                        if (session)
+                        r = cg_path_get_session(c, &t);
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                session = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_SESSION=", t);
+                                free(t);
                                 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], session);
-                }
+                        }
+
+                        if (cg_path_get_owner_uid(c, &owner) >= 0) {
+                                owner_valid = true;
 
-                if (sd_pid_get_owner_uid(ucred->pid, &owner) >= 0) {
-                        owner_valid = true;
-                        if (asprintf(&owner_uid, "_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID=%lu", (unsigned long) owner) >= 0)
+                                sprintf(owner_uid, "_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID="UID_FMT, owner);
                                 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], owner_uid);
+                        }
+
+                        if (cg_path_get_unit(c, &t) >= 0) {
+                                x = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=", t);
+                                free(t);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        } else if (unit_id && !session) {
+                                x = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=", unit_id);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        }
+
+                        if (cg_path_get_user_unit(c, &t) >= 0) {
+                                x = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=", t);
+                                free(t);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        } else if (unit_id && session) {
+                                x = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=", unit_id);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        }
+
+                        if (cg_path_get_slice(c, &t) >= 0) {
+                                x = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_SLICE=", t);
+                                free(t);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        }
+
+                        free(c);
+                } else if (unit_id) {
+                        x = strappenda("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=", unit_id);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                }
+
+#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
+                if (mac_selinux_use()) {
+                        if (label) {
+                                x = alloca(strlen("_SELINUX_CONTEXT=") + label_len + 1);
+
+                                *((char*) mempcpy(stpcpy(x, "_SELINUX_CONTEXT="), label, label_len)) = 0;
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        } else {
+                                security_context_t con;
+
+                                if (getpidcon(ucred->pid, &con) >= 0) {
+                                        x = strappenda("_SELINUX_CONTEXT=", con);
+
+                                        freecon(con);
+                                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                                }
+                        }
                 }
 #endif
+        }
+        assert(n <= m);
+
+        if (object_pid) {
+                r = get_process_uid(object_pid, &object_uid);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        sprintf(o_uid, "OBJECT_UID="UID_FMT, object_uid);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], o_uid);
+                }
+
+                r = get_process_gid(object_pid, &object_gid);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        sprintf(o_gid, "OBJECT_GID="GID_FMT, object_gid);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], o_gid);
+                }
+
+                r = get_process_comm(object_pid, &t);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        x = strappenda("OBJECT_COMM=", t);
+                        free(t);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                }
 
-                if (cg_pid_get_unit(ucred->pid, &t) >= 0) {
-                        unit = strappend("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=", t);
+                r = get_process_exe(object_pid, &t);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        x = strappenda("OBJECT_EXE=", t);
                         free(t);
-                } else if (cg_pid_get_user_unit(ucred->pid, &t) >= 0) {
-                        unit = strappend("_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=", t);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                }
+
+                r = get_process_cmdline(object_pid, 0, false, &t);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        x = strappenda("OBJECT_CMDLINE=", t);
                         free(t);
-                } else if (unit_id) {
-                        if (session)
-                                unit = strappend("_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=", unit_id);
-                        else
-                                unit = strappend("_SYSTEMD_UNIT=", unit_id);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
                 }
 
-                if (unit)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], unit);
+#ifdef HAVE_AUDIT
+                r = audit_session_from_pid(object_pid, &audit);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        sprintf(o_audit_session, "OBJECT_AUDIT_SESSION=%"PRIu32, audit);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], o_audit_session);
+                }
 
-#ifdef HAVE_SELINUX
-                if (label) {
-                        selinux_context = malloc(sizeof("_SELINUX_CONTEXT=") + label_len);
-                        if (selinux_context) {
-                                *((char*) mempcpy(stpcpy(selinux_context, "_SELINUX_CONTEXT="), label, label_len)) = 0;
-                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], selinux_context);
+                r = audit_loginuid_from_pid(object_pid, &loginuid);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        sprintf(o_audit_loginuid, "OBJECT_AUDIT_LOGINUID="UID_FMT, loginuid);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], o_audit_loginuid);
+                }
+#endif
+
+                r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(object_pid, s->cgroup_root, &c);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        x = strappenda("OBJECT_SYSTEMD_CGROUP=", c);
+                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+
+                        r = cg_path_get_session(c, &t);
+                        if (r >= 0) {
+                                x = strappenda("OBJECT_SYSTEMD_SESSION=", t);
+                                free(t);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
                         }
-                } else {
-                        security_context_t con;
 
-                        if (getpidcon(ucred->pid, &con) >= 0) {
-                                selinux_context = strappend("_SELINUX_CONTEXT=", con);
-                                if (selinux_context)
-                                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], selinux_context);
-                                freecon(con);
+                        if (cg_path_get_owner_uid(c, &owner) >= 0) {
+                                sprintf(o_owner_uid, "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_OWNER_UID="UID_FMT, owner);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], o_owner_uid);
                         }
+
+                        if (cg_path_get_unit(c, &t) >= 0) {
+                                x = strappenda("OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT=", t);
+                                free(t);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        }
+
+                        if (cg_path_get_user_unit(c, &t) >= 0) {
+                                x = strappenda("OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=", t);
+                                free(t);
+                                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], x);
+                        }
+
+                        free(c);
                 }
-#endif
         }
+        assert(n <= m);
 
         if (tv) {
-                if (asprintf(&source_time, "_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=%llu",
-                             (unsigned long long) timeval_load(tv)) >= 0)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], source_time);
+                sprintf(source_time, "_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP=%llu", (unsigned long long) timeval_load(tv));
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], source_time);
         }
 
         /* Note that strictly speaking storing the boot id here is
          * redundant since the entry includes this in-line
          * anyway. However, we need this indexed, too. */
-        r = sd_id128_get_boot(&id);
-        if (r >= 0)
-                if (asprintf(&boot_id, "_BOOT_ID=%s", sd_id128_to_string(id, idbuf)) >= 0)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], boot_id);
+        if (!isempty(s->boot_id_field))
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s->boot_id_field);
 
-        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&id);
-        if (r >= 0)
-                if (asprintf(&machine_id, "_MACHINE_ID=%s", sd_id128_to_string(id, idbuf)) >= 0)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], machine_id);
+        if (!isempty(s->machine_id_field))
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s->machine_id_field);
 
-        t = gethostname_malloc();
-        if (t) {
-                hostname = strappend("_HOSTNAME=", t);
-                free(t);
-                if (hostname)
-                        IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], hostname);
-        }
+        if (!isempty(s->hostname_field))
+                IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s->hostname_field);
 
         assert(n <= m);
 
@@ -669,17 +806,16 @@ static void dispatch_message_real(
                 /* Split up strictly by any UID */
                 journal_uid = realuid;
         else if (s->split_mode == SPLIT_LOGIN && realuid > 0 && owner_valid && owner > 0)
-                /* Split up by login UIDs, this avoids creation of
-                 * individual journals for system UIDs.  We do this
-                 * only if the realuid is not root, in order not to
-                 * accidentally leak privileged information to the
-                 * user that is logged by a privileged process that is
-                 * part of an unprivileged session.*/
+                /* Split up by login UIDs.  We do this only if the
+                 * realuid is not root, in order not to accidentally
+                 * leak privileged information to the user that is
+                 * logged by a privileged process that is part of an
+                 * unprivileged session.*/
                 journal_uid = owner;
         else
                 journal_uid = 0;
 
-        write_to_journal(s, journal_uid, iovec, n);
+        write_to_journal(s, journal_uid, iovec, n, priority);
 }
 
 void server_driver_message(Server *s, sd_id128_t message_id, const char *format, ...) {
@@ -688,7 +824,7 @@ void server_driver_message(Server *s, sd_id128_t message_id, const char *format,
         struct iovec iovec[N_IOVEC_META_FIELDS + 4];
         int n = 0;
         va_list ap;
-        struct ucred ucred;
+        struct ucred ucred = {};
 
         assert(s);
         assert(format);
@@ -709,12 +845,11 @@ void server_driver_message(Server *s, sd_id128_t message_id, const char *format,
                 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], mid);
         }
 
-        zero(ucred);
         ucred.pid = getpid();
         ucred.uid = getuid();
         ucred.gid = getgid();
 
-        dispatch_message_real(s, iovec, n, ELEMENTSOF(iovec), &ucred, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
+        dispatch_message_real(s, iovec, n, ELEMENTSOF(iovec), &ucred, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL, LOG_INFO, 0);
 }
 
 void server_dispatch_message(
@@ -724,10 +859,11 @@ void server_dispatch_message(
                 struct timeval *tv,
                 const char *label, size_t label_len,
                 const char *unit_id,
-                int priority) {
+                int priority,
+                pid_t object_pid) {
 
-        int rl;
-        char _cleanup_free_ *path = NULL;
+        int rl, r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
         char *c;
 
         assert(s);
@@ -739,11 +875,16 @@ void server_dispatch_message(
         if (LOG_PRI(priority) > s->max_level_store)
                 return;
 
+        /* Stop early in case the information will not be stored
+         * in a journal. */
+        if (s->storage == STORAGE_NONE)
+                return;
+
         if (!ucred)
                 goto finish;
 
-        path = shortened_cgroup_path(ucred->pid);
-        if (!path)
+        r = cg_pid_get_path_shifted(ucred->pid, s->cgroup_root, &path);
+        if (r < 0)
                 goto finish;
 
         /* example: /user/lennart/3/foobar
@@ -763,7 +904,7 @@ void server_dispatch_message(
         }
 
         rl = journal_rate_limit_test(s->rate_limit, path,
-                                     priority & LOG_PRIMASK, available_space(s));
+                                     priority & LOG_PRIMASK, available_space(s, false));
 
         if (rl == 0)
                 return;
@@ -774,25 +915,28 @@ void server_dispatch_message(
                                       "Suppressed %u messages from %s", rl - 1, path);
 
 finish:
-        dispatch_message_real(s, iovec, n, m, ucred, tv, label, label_len, unit_id);
+        dispatch_message_real(s, iovec, n, m, ucred, tv, label, label_len, unit_id, priority, object_pid);
 }
 
 
-static int system_journal_open(Server *s) {
+static int system_journal_open(Server *s, bool flush_requested) {
         int r;
         char *fn;
         sd_id128_t machine;
         char ids[33];
 
         r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
-        if (r < 0)
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to get machine id: %s", strerror(-r));
                 return r;
+        }
 
         sd_id128_to_string(machine, ids);
 
         if (!s->system_journal &&
             (s->storage == STORAGE_PERSISTENT || s->storage == STORAGE_AUTO) &&
-            access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0) {
+            (flush_requested
+             || access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0)) {
 
                 /* If in auto mode: first try to create the machine
                  * path, but not the prefix.
@@ -803,29 +947,15 @@ static int system_journal_open(Server *s) {
                 if (s->storage == STORAGE_PERSISTENT)
                         (void) mkdir("/var/log/journal/", 0755);
 
-                fn = strappend("/var/log/journal/", ids);
-                if (!fn)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
+                fn = strappenda("/var/log/journal/", ids);
                 (void) mkdir(fn, 0755);
-                free(fn);
-
-                fn = strjoin("/var/log/journal/", ids, "/system.journal", NULL);
-                if (!fn)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
 
+                fn = strappenda(fn, "/system.journal");
                 r = journal_file_open_reliably(fn, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0640, s->compress, s->seal, &s->system_metrics, s->mmap, NULL, &s->system_journal);
-                free(fn);
-
-                if (r >= 0) {
-                        char fb[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
 
+                if (r >= 0)
                         server_fix_perms(s, s->system_journal, 0);
-                        server_driver_message(s, SD_ID128_NULL, "Allowing system journal files to grow to %s.",
-                                              format_bytes(fb, sizeof(fb), s->system_metrics.max_use));
-
-                } else if (r < 0) {
-
+                else if (r < 0) {
                         if (r != -ENOENT && r != -EROFS)
                                 log_warning("Failed to open system journal: %s", strerror(-r));
 
@@ -861,7 +991,10 @@ static int system_journal_open(Server *s) {
                         /* OK, we really need the runtime journal, so create
                          * it if necessary. */
 
-                        (void) mkdir_parents(fn, 0755);
+                        (void) mkdir("/run/log", 0755);
+                        (void) mkdir("/run/log/journal", 0755);
+                        (void) mkdir_parents(fn, 0750);
+
                         r = journal_file_open_reliably(fn, O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0640, s->compress, false, &s->runtime_metrics, s->mmap, NULL, &s->runtime_journal);
                         free(fn);
 
@@ -871,22 +1004,22 @@ static int system_journal_open(Server *s) {
                         }
                 }
 
-                if (s->runtime_journal) {
-                        char fb[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
-
+                if (s->runtime_journal)
                         server_fix_perms(s, s->runtime_journal, 0);
-                        server_driver_message(s, SD_ID128_NULL, "Allowing runtime journal files to grow to %s.",
-                                              format_bytes(fb, sizeof(fb), s->runtime_metrics.max_use));
-                }
         }
 
+        available_space(s, true);
+
         return r;
 }
 
 int server_flush_to_var(Server *s) {
-        int r;
         sd_id128_t machine;
         sd_journal *j = NULL;
+        char ts[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX];
+        usec_t start;
+        unsigned n = 0;
+        int r;
 
         assert(s);
 
@@ -897,18 +1030,18 @@ int server_flush_to_var(Server *s) {
         if (!s->runtime_journal)
                 return 0;
 
-        system_journal_open(s);
+        system_journal_open(s, true);
 
         if (!s->system_journal)
                 return 0;
 
         log_debug("Flushing to /var...");
 
+        start = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+
         r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to get machine id: %s", strerror(-r));
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
-        }
 
         r = sd_journal_open(&j, SD_JOURNAL_RUNTIME_ONLY);
         if (r < 0) {
@@ -925,6 +1058,8 @@ int server_flush_to_var(Server *s) {
                 f = j->current_file;
                 assert(f && f->current_offset > 0);
 
+                n++;
+
                 r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, f->current_offset, &o);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Can't read entry: %s", strerror(-r));
@@ -943,6 +1078,12 @@ int server_flush_to_var(Server *s) {
                 server_rotate(s);
                 server_vacuum(s);
 
+                if (!s->system_journal) {
+                        log_notice("Didn't flush runtime journal since rotation of system journal wasn't successful.");
+                        r = -EIO;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
                 log_debug("Retrying write.");
                 r = journal_file_copy_entry(f, s->system_journal, o, f->current_offset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                 if (r < 0) {
@@ -960,236 +1101,162 @@ finish:
         if (r >= 0)
                 rm_rf("/run/log/journal", false, true, false);
 
-        if (j)
-                sd_journal_close(j);
+        sd_journal_close(j);
+
+        server_driver_message(s, SD_ID128_NULL, "Time spent on flushing to /var is %s for %u entries.", format_timespan(ts, sizeof(ts), now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - start, 0), n);
 
         return r;
 }
 
-int process_event(Server *s, struct epoll_event *ev) {
+int process_datagram(sd_event_source *es, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
+        Server *s = userdata;
+
         assert(s);
-        assert(ev);
+        assert(fd == s->native_fd || fd == s->syslog_fd);
+
+        if (revents != EPOLLIN) {
+                log_error("Got invalid event from epoll for datagram fd: %"PRIx32, revents);
+                return -EIO;
+        }
+
+        for (;;) {
+                struct ucred *ucred = NULL;
+                struct timeval *tv = NULL;
+                struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+                char *label = NULL;
+                size_t label_len = 0;
+                struct iovec iovec;
+
+                union {
+                        struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
+
+                        /* We use NAME_MAX space for the SELinux label
+                         * here. The kernel currently enforces no
+                         * limit, but according to suggestions from
+                         * the SELinux people this will change and it
+                         * will probably be identical to NAME_MAX. For
+                         * now we use that, but this should be updated
+                         * one day when the final limit is known.*/
+                        uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred)) +
+                                    CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval)) +
+                                    CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) + /* fd */
+                                    CMSG_SPACE(NAME_MAX)]; /* selinux label */
+                } control = {};
+                struct msghdr msghdr = {
+                        .msg_iov = &iovec,
+                        .msg_iovlen = 1,
+                        .msg_control = &control,
+                        .msg_controllen = sizeof(control),
+                };
 
-        if (ev->data.fd == s->signal_fd) {
-                struct signalfd_siginfo sfsi;
                 ssize_t n;
+                int v;
+                int *fds = NULL;
+                unsigned n_fds = 0;
 
-                if (ev->events != EPOLLIN) {
-                        log_error("Got invalid event from epoll.");
-                        return -EIO;
+                if (ioctl(fd, SIOCINQ, &v) < 0) {
+                        log_error("SIOCINQ failed: %m");
+                        return -errno;
                 }
 
-                n = read(s->signal_fd, &sfsi, sizeof(sfsi));
-                if (n != sizeof(sfsi)) {
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s->buffer, s->buffer_size, LINE_MAX + (size_t) v))
+                        return log_oom();
 
-                        if (n >= 0)
-                                return -EIO;
+                iovec.iov_base = s->buffer;
+                iovec.iov_len = s->buffer_size;
 
+                n = recvmsg(fd, &msghdr, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC);
+                if (n < 0) {
                         if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
-                                return 1;
+                                return 0;
 
+                        log_error("recvmsg() failed: %m");
                         return -errno;
                 }
 
-                log_info("Received SIG%s", signal_to_string(sfsi.ssi_signo));
-
-                if (sfsi.ssi_signo == SIGUSR1) {
-                        touch("/run/systemd/journal/flushed");
-                        server_flush_to_var(s);
-                        return 1;
-                }
-
-                if (sfsi.ssi_signo == SIGUSR2) {
-                        server_rotate(s);
-                        server_vacuum(s);
-                        return 1;
-                }
-
-                return 0;
-
-        } else if (ev->data.fd == s->dev_kmsg_fd) {
-                int r;
-
-                if (ev->events != EPOLLIN) {
-                        log_error("Got invalid event from epoll.");
-                        return -EIO;
+                for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msghdr); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msghdr, cmsg)) {
+
+                        if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
+                            cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_CREDENTIALS &&
+                            cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred)))
+                                ucred = (struct ucred*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+                        else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
+                                 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_SECURITY) {
+                                label = (char*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+                                label_len = cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0);
+                        } else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
+                                   cmsg->cmsg_type == SO_TIMESTAMP &&
+                                   cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct timeval)))
+                                tv = (struct timeval*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+                        else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
+                                 cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
+                                fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
+                                n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
+                        }
                 }
 
-                r = server_read_dev_kmsg(s);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                return 1;
+                if (fd == s->syslog_fd) {
+                        if (n > 0 && n_fds == 0) {
+                                s->buffer[n] = 0;
+                                server_process_syslog_message(s, strstrip(s->buffer), ucred, tv, label, label_len);
+                        } else if (n_fds > 0)
+                                log_warning("Got file descriptors via syslog socket. Ignoring.");
 
-        } else if (ev->data.fd == s->native_fd ||
-                   ev->data.fd == s->syslog_fd) {
-
-                if (ev->events != EPOLLIN) {
-                        log_error("Got invalid event from epoll.");
-                        return -EIO;
+                } else {
+                        if (n > 0 && n_fds == 0)
+                                server_process_native_message(s, s->buffer, n, ucred, tv, label, label_len);
+                        else if (n == 0 && n_fds == 1)
+                                server_process_native_file(s, fds[0], ucred, tv, label, label_len);
+                        else if (n_fds > 0)
+                                log_warning("Got too many file descriptors via native socket. Ignoring.");
                 }
 
-                for (;;) {
-                        struct msghdr msghdr;
-                        struct iovec iovec;
-                        struct ucred *ucred = NULL;
-                        struct timeval *tv = NULL;
-                        struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
-                        char *label = NULL;
-                        size_t label_len = 0;
-                        union {
-                                struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
-
-                                /* We use NAME_MAX space for the
-                                 * SELinux label here. The kernel
-                                 * currently enforces no limit, but
-                                 * according to suggestions from the
-                                 * SELinux people this will change and
-                                 * it will probably be identical to
-                                 * NAME_MAX. For now we use that, but
-                                 * this should be updated one day when
-                                 * the final limit is known.*/
-                                uint8_t buf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct ucred)) +
-                                            CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(struct timeval)) +
-                                            CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int)) + /* fd */
-                                            CMSG_SPACE(NAME_MAX)]; /* selinux label */
-                        } control;
-                        ssize_t n;
-                        int v;
-                        int *fds = NULL;
-                        unsigned n_fds = 0;
-
-                        if (ioctl(ev->data.fd, SIOCINQ, &v) < 0) {
-                                log_error("SIOCINQ failed: %m");
-                                return -errno;
-                        }
-
-                        if (s->buffer_size < (size_t) v) {
-                                void *b;
-                                size_t l;
-
-                                l = MAX(LINE_MAX + (size_t) v, s->buffer_size * 2);
-                                b = realloc(s->buffer, l+1);
-
-                                if (!b) {
-                                        log_error("Couldn't increase buffer.");
-                                        return -ENOMEM;
-                                }
-
-                                s->buffer_size = l;
-                                s->buffer = b;
-                        }
-
-                        zero(iovec);
-                        iovec.iov_base = s->buffer;
-                        iovec.iov_len = s->buffer_size;
-
-                        zero(control);
-                        zero(msghdr);
-                        msghdr.msg_iov = &iovec;
-                        msghdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
-                        msghdr.msg_control = &control;
-                        msghdr.msg_controllen = sizeof(control);
-
-                        n = recvmsg(ev->data.fd, &msghdr, MSG_DONTWAIT|MSG_CMSG_CLOEXEC);
-                        if (n < 0) {
-
-                                if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
-                                        return 1;
-
-                                log_error("recvmsg() failed: %m");
-                                return -errno;
-                        }
-
-                        for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msghdr); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msghdr, cmsg)) {
-
-                                if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
-                                    cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_CREDENTIALS &&
-                                    cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct ucred)))
-                                        ucred = (struct ucred*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
-                                else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
-                                         cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_SECURITY) {
-                                        label = (char*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
-                                        label_len = cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0);
-                                } else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
-                                         cmsg->cmsg_type == SO_TIMESTAMP &&
-                                         cmsg->cmsg_len == CMSG_LEN(sizeof(struct timeval)))
-                                        tv = (struct timeval*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
-                                else if (cmsg->cmsg_level == SOL_SOCKET &&
-                                         cmsg->cmsg_type == SCM_RIGHTS) {
-                                        fds = (int*) CMSG_DATA(cmsg);
-                                        n_fds = (cmsg->cmsg_len - CMSG_LEN(0)) / sizeof(int);
-                                }
-                        }
-
-                        if (ev->data.fd == s->syslog_fd) {
-                                char *e;
-
-                                if (n > 0 && n_fds == 0) {
-                                        e = memchr(s->buffer, '\n', n);
-                                        if (e)
-                                                *e = 0;
-                                        else
-                                                s->buffer[n] = 0;
+                close_many(fds, n_fds);
+        }
+}
 
-                                        server_process_syslog_message(s, strstrip(s->buffer), ucred, tv, label, label_len);
-                                } else if (n_fds > 0)
-                                        log_warning("Got file descriptors via syslog socket. Ignoring.");
+static int dispatch_sigusr1(sd_event_source *es, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
+        Server *s = userdata;
 
-                        } else {
-                                if (n > 0 && n_fds == 0)
-                                        server_process_native_message(s, s->buffer, n, ucred, tv, label, label_len);
-                                else if (n == 0 && n_fds == 1)
-                                        server_process_native_file(s, fds[0], ucred, tv, label, label_len);
-                                else if (n_fds > 0)
-                                        log_warning("Got too many file descriptors via native socket. Ignoring.");
-                        }
+        assert(s);
 
-                        close_many(fds, n_fds);
-                }
+        log_info("Received request to flush runtime journal from PID %"PRIu32, si->ssi_pid);
 
-                return 1;
+        server_flush_to_var(s);
+        server_sync(s);
+        server_vacuum(s);
 
-        } else if (ev->data.fd == s->stdout_fd) {
+        touch("/run/systemd/journal/flushed");
 
-                if (ev->events != EPOLLIN) {
-                        log_error("Got invalid event from epoll.");
-                        return -EIO;
-                }
+        return 0;
+}
 
-                stdout_stream_new(s);
-                return 1;
+static int dispatch_sigusr2(sd_event_source *es, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
+        Server *s = userdata;
 
-        } else {
-                StdoutStream *stream;
+        assert(s);
 
-                if ((ev->events|EPOLLIN|EPOLLHUP) != (EPOLLIN|EPOLLHUP)) {
-                        log_error("Got invalid event from epoll.");
-                        return -EIO;
-                }
+        log_info("Received request to rotate journal from PID %"PRIu32, si->ssi_pid);
+        server_rotate(s);
+        server_vacuum(s);
 
-                /* If it is none of the well-known fds, it must be an
-                 * stdout stream fd. Note that this is a bit ugly here
-                 * (since we rely that none of the well-known fds
-                 * could be interpreted as pointer), but nonetheless
-                 * safe, since the well-known fds would never get an
-                 * fd > 4096, i.e. beyond the first memory page */
+        return 0;
+}
 
-                stream = ev->data.ptr;
+static int dispatch_sigterm(sd_event_source *es, const struct signalfd_siginfo *si, void *userdata) {
+        Server *s = userdata;
 
-                if (stdout_stream_process(stream) <= 0)
-                        stdout_stream_free(stream);
+        assert(s);
 
-                return 1;
-        }
+        log_received_signal(LOG_INFO, si);
 
-        log_error("Unknown event.");
+        sd_event_exit(s->event, 0);
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int open_signalfd(Server *s) {
+static int setup_signals(Server *s) {
         sigset_t mask;
-        struct epoll_event ev;
+        int r;
 
         assert(s);
 
@@ -1197,41 +1264,39 @@ static int open_signalfd(Server *s) {
         sigset_add_many(&mask, SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGUSR1, SIGUSR2, -1);
         assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &mask, NULL) == 0);
 
-        s->signal_fd = signalfd(-1, &mask, SFD_NONBLOCK|SFD_CLOEXEC);
-        if (s->signal_fd < 0) {
-                log_error("signalfd(): %m");
-                return -errno;
-        }
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigusr1_event_source, SIGUSR1, dispatch_sigusr1, s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        zero(ev);
-        ev.events = EPOLLIN;
-        ev.data.fd = s->signal_fd;
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigusr2_event_source, SIGUSR2, dispatch_sigusr2, s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        if (epoll_ctl(s->epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, s->signal_fd, &ev) < 0) {
-                log_error("epoll_ctl(): %m");
-                return -errno;
-        }
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigterm_event_source, SIGTERM, dispatch_sigterm, s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = sd_event_add_signal(s->event, &s->sigint_event_source, SIGINT, dispatch_sigterm, s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
         return 0;
 }
 
 static int server_parse_proc_cmdline(Server *s) {
-        char _cleanup_free_ *line = NULL;
-        char *w, *state;
-        int r;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
+        const char *w, *state;
         size_t l;
+        int r;
 
-        if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", &line);
-        if (r < 0) {
+        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
+        if (r < 0)
                 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+        if (r <= 0)
                 return 0;
-        }
 
         FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
-                char _cleanup_free_ *word;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *word;
 
                 word = strndup(w, l);
                 if (!word)
@@ -1255,35 +1320,130 @@ static int server_parse_proc_cmdline(Server *s) {
                                 log_warning("Failed to parse forward to console switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 36);
                         else
                                 s->forward_to_console = r;
+                } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.journald.forward_to_wall=")) {
+                        r = parse_boolean(word + 33);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Failed to parse forward to wall switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 33);
+                        else
+                                s->forward_to_wall = r;
                 } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.journald"))
                         log_warning("Invalid systemd.journald parameter. Ignoring.");
         }
+        /* do not warn about state here, since probably systemd already did */
 
         return 0;
 }
 
 static int server_parse_config_file(Server *s) {
-        static const char *fn = "/etc/systemd/journald.conf";
-        FILE _cleanup_fclose_ *f = NULL;
+        assert(s);
+
+        return config_parse(NULL, "/etc/systemd/journald.conf", NULL,
+                            "Journal\0",
+                            config_item_perf_lookup, journald_gperf_lookup,
+                            false, false, true, s);
+}
+
+static int server_dispatch_sync(sd_event_source *es, usec_t t, void *userdata) {
+        Server *s = userdata;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        server_sync(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+int server_schedule_sync(Server *s, int priority) {
         int r;
 
         assert(s);
 
-        f = fopen(fn, "re");
-        if (!f) {
-                if (errno == ENOENT)
-                        return 0;
+        if (priority <= LOG_CRIT) {
+                /* Immediately sync to disk when this is of priority CRIT, ALERT, EMERG */
+                server_sync(s);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (s->sync_scheduled)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (s->sync_interval_usec > 0) {
+                usec_t when;
+
+                r = sd_event_now(s->event, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &when);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                when += s->sync_interval_usec;
+
+                if (!s->sync_event_source) {
+                        r = sd_event_add_time(
+                                        s->event,
+                                        &s->sync_event_source,
+                                        CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
+                                        when, 0,
+                                        server_dispatch_sync, s);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(s->sync_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_IMPORTANT);
+                } else {
+                        r = sd_event_source_set_time(s->sync_event_source, when);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->sync_event_source, SD_EVENT_ONESHOT);
+                }
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-                log_warning("Failed to open configuration file %s: %m", fn);
+                s->sync_scheduled = true;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int dispatch_hostname_change(sd_event_source *es, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
+        Server *s = userdata;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        server_cache_hostname(s);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int server_open_hostname(Server *s) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        s->hostname_fd = open("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NDELAY|O_NOCTTY);
+        if (s->hostname_fd < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open /proc/sys/kernel/hostname: %m");
                 return -errno;
         }
 
-        r = config_parse(fn, f, "Journal\0", config_item_perf_lookup,
-                         (void*) journald_gperf_lookup, false, s);
-        if (r < 0)
-                log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
+        r = sd_event_add_io(s->event, &s->hostname_event_source, s->hostname_fd, 0, dispatch_hostname_change, s);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                /* kernels prior to 3.2 don't support polling this file. Ignore
+                 * the failure. */
+                if (r == -EPERM) {
+                        log_warning("Failed to register hostname fd in event loop: %s. Ignoring.",
+                                        strerror(-r));
+                        s->hostname_fd = safe_close(s->hostname_fd);
+                        return 0;
+                }
 
-        return r;
+                log_error("Failed to register hostname fd in event loop: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_event_source_set_priority(s->hostname_event_source, SD_EVENT_PRIORITY_IMPORTANT-10);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to adjust priority of host name event source: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
 }
 
 int server_init(Server *s) {
@@ -1292,19 +1452,25 @@ int server_init(Server *s) {
         assert(s);
 
         zero(*s);
-        s->syslog_fd = s->native_fd = s->stdout_fd = s->signal_fd = s->epoll_fd = s->dev_kmsg_fd = -1;
+        s->syslog_fd = s->native_fd = s->stdout_fd = s->dev_kmsg_fd = s->hostname_fd = -1;
         s->compress = true;
         s->seal = true;
 
+        s->sync_interval_usec = DEFAULT_SYNC_INTERVAL_USEC;
+        s->sync_scheduled = false;
+
         s->rate_limit_interval = DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_INTERVAL;
         s->rate_limit_burst = DEFAULT_RATE_LIMIT_BURST;
 
-        s->forward_to_syslog = true;
+        s->forward_to_wall = true;
+
+        s->max_file_usec = DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_USEC;
 
         s->max_level_store = LOG_DEBUG;
         s->max_level_syslog = LOG_DEBUG;
         s->max_level_kmsg = LOG_NOTICE;
         s->max_level_console = LOG_INFO;
+        s->max_level_wall = LOG_EMERG;
 
         memset(&s->system_metrics, 0xFF, sizeof(s->system_metrics));
         memset(&s->runtime_metrics, 0xFF, sizeof(s->runtime_metrics));
@@ -1312,15 +1478,14 @@ int server_init(Server *s) {
         server_parse_config_file(s);
         server_parse_proc_cmdline(s);
         if (!!s->rate_limit_interval ^ !!s->rate_limit_burst) {
-                log_debug("Setting both rate limit interval and burst from %llu,%u to 0,0",
-                          (long long unsigned) s->rate_limit_interval,
-                          s->rate_limit_burst);
+                log_debug("Setting both rate limit interval and burst from "USEC_FMT",%u to 0,0",
+                          s->rate_limit_interval, s->rate_limit_burst);
                 s->rate_limit_interval = s->rate_limit_burst = 0;
         }
 
         mkdir_p("/run/systemd/journal", 0755);
 
-        s->user_journals = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
+        s->user_journals = ordered_hashmap_new(NULL);
         if (!s->user_journals)
                 return log_oom();
 
@@ -1328,12 +1493,14 @@ int server_init(Server *s) {
         if (!s->mmap)
                 return log_oom();
 
-        s->epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
-        if (s->epoll_fd < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to create epoll object: %m");
-                return -errno;
+        r = sd_event_default(&s->event);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to create event loop: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
         }
 
+        sd_event_set_watchdog(s->event, true);
+
         n = sd_listen_fds(true);
         if (n < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to read listening file descriptors from environment: %s", strerror(-n));
@@ -1360,7 +1527,8 @@ int server_init(Server *s) {
 
                         s->stdout_fd = fd;
 
-                } else if (sd_is_socket_unix(fd, SOCK_DGRAM, -1, "/dev/log", 0) > 0) {
+                } else if (sd_is_socket_unix(fd, SOCK_DGRAM, -1, "/dev/log", 0) > 0 ||
+                           sd_is_socket_unix(fd, SOCK_DGRAM, -1, "/run/systemd/journal/dev-log", 0) > 0) {
 
                         if (s->syslog_fd >= 0) {
                                 log_error("Too many /dev/log sockets passed.");
@@ -1395,7 +1563,11 @@ int server_init(Server *s) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        r = open_signalfd(s);
+        r = server_open_hostname(s);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = setup_signals(s);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -1403,12 +1575,19 @@ int server_init(Server *s) {
         if (!s->udev)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        s->rate_limit = journal_rate_limit_new(s->rate_limit_interval,
-                                               s->rate_limit_burst);
+        s->rate_limit = journal_rate_limit_new(s->rate_limit_interval, s->rate_limit_burst);
         if (!s->rate_limit)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
-        r = system_journal_open(s);
+        r = cg_get_root_path(&s->cgroup_root);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        server_cache_hostname(s);
+        server_cache_boot_id(s);
+        server_cache_machine_id(s);
+
+        r = system_journal_open(s, false);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
@@ -1426,7 +1605,7 @@ void server_maybe_append_tags(Server *s) {
         if (s->system_journal)
                 journal_file_maybe_append_tag(s->system_journal, n);
 
-        HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, s->user_journals, i)
+        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, s->user_journals, i)
                 journal_file_maybe_append_tag(f, n);
 #endif
 }
@@ -1444,28 +1623,28 @@ void server_done(Server *s) {
         if (s->runtime_journal)
                 journal_file_close(s->runtime_journal);
 
-        while ((f = hashmap_steal_first(s->user_journals)))
+        while ((f = ordered_hashmap_steal_first(s->user_journals)))
                 journal_file_close(f);
 
-        hashmap_free(s->user_journals);
-
-        if (s->epoll_fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(s->epoll_fd);
-
-        if (s->signal_fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(s->signal_fd);
-
-        if (s->syslog_fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(s->syslog_fd);
-
-        if (s->native_fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(s->native_fd);
-
-        if (s->stdout_fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(s->stdout_fd);
-
-        if (s->dev_kmsg_fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(s->dev_kmsg_fd);
+        ordered_hashmap_free(s->user_journals);
+
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->syslog_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->native_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->stdout_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->dev_kmsg_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->sync_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigusr1_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigusr2_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigterm_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->sigint_event_source);
+        sd_event_source_unref(s->hostname_event_source);
+        sd_event_unref(s->event);
+
+        safe_close(s->syslog_fd);
+        safe_close(s->native_fd);
+        safe_close(s->stdout_fd);
+        safe_close(s->dev_kmsg_fd);
+        safe_close(s->hostname_fd);
 
         if (s->rate_limit)
                 journal_rate_limit_free(s->rate_limit);
@@ -1475,6 +1654,7 @@ void server_done(Server *s) {
 
         free(s->buffer);
         free(s->tty_path);
+        free(s->cgroup_root);
 
         if (s->mmap)
                 mmap_cache_unref(s->mmap);