chiark / gitweb /
journalctl: update hint now that we set ACL everywhere
[elogind.git] / src / journal / journalctl.c
index 2ebac405c2704197aaffcf7f176b1801cb1dff18..2b0e00ee8f4f4ab400f7286c52941bc8f210a5b7 100644 (file)
 
 #include <locale.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fnmatch.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <time.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#include <poll.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/inotify.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 
-#ifdef HAVE_ACL
-#include <sys/acl.h>
-#include "acl-util.h"
-#endif
-
-#include <systemd/sd-journal.h>
+#include "sd-journal.h"
+#include "sd-bus.h"
 
 #include "log.h"
 #include "logs-show.h"
 #include "util.h"
+#include "acl-util.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
 #include "build.h"
 #include "pager.h"
-#include "logs-show.h"
 #include "strv.h"
+#include "set.h"
+#include "sigbus.h"
 #include "journal-internal.h"
 #include "journal-def.h"
 #include "journal-verify.h"
-#include "journal-authenticate.h"
 #include "journal-qrcode.h"
+#include "journal-vacuum.h"
 #include "fsprg.h"
 #include "unit-name.h"
 #include "catalog.h"
+#include "mkdir.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
 
 #define DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC (15*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
 
+enum {
+        /* Special values for arg_lines */
+        ARG_LINES_DEFAULT = -2,
+        ARG_LINES_ALL = -1,
+};
+
 static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
+static bool arg_utc = false;
 static bool arg_pager_end = false;
 static bool arg_follow = false;
-static bool arg_full = false;
+static bool arg_full = true;
 static bool arg_all = false;
 static bool arg_no_pager = false;
-static int arg_lines = -1;
+static int arg_lines = ARG_LINES_DEFAULT;
 static bool arg_no_tail = false;
 static bool arg_quiet = false;
 static bool arg_merge = false;
-static bool arg_this_boot = false;
+static bool arg_boot = false;
+static sd_id128_t arg_boot_id = {};
+static int arg_boot_offset = 0;
+static bool arg_dmesg = false;
 static const char *arg_cursor = NULL;
+static const char *arg_after_cursor = NULL;
+static bool arg_show_cursor = false;
 static const char *arg_directory = NULL;
+static char **arg_file = NULL;
 static int arg_priorities = 0xFF;
 static const char *arg_verify_key = NULL;
 #ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
 static usec_t arg_interval = DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC;
+static bool arg_force = false;
 #endif
 static usec_t arg_since, arg_until;
 static bool arg_since_set = false, arg_until_set = false;
-static const char *arg_unit = NULL;
-static bool arg_unit_system;
+static char **arg_syslog_identifier = NULL;
+static char **arg_system_units = NULL;
+static char **arg_user_units = NULL;
 static const char *arg_field = NULL;
 static bool arg_catalog = false;
 static bool arg_reverse = false;
+static int arg_journal_type = 0;
 static const char *arg_root = NULL;
+static const char *arg_machine = NULL;
+static off_t arg_vacuum_size = (off_t) -1;
+static usec_t arg_vacuum_time = USEC_INFINITY;
 
 static enum {
         ACTION_SHOW,
@@ -96,57 +118,132 @@ static enum {
         ACTION_DISK_USAGE,
         ACTION_LIST_CATALOG,
         ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG,
-        ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG
+        ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG,
+        ACTION_LIST_BOOTS,
+        ACTION_FLUSH,
+        ACTION_VACUUM,
 } arg_action = ACTION_SHOW;
 
-static int help(void) {
+typedef struct boot_id_t {
+        sd_id128_t id;
+        uint64_t first;
+        uint64_t last;
+} boot_id_t;
+
+static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
+
+        if (arg_no_pager)
+                return;
+
+        pager_open(arg_pager_end);
+}
+
+static char *format_timestamp_maybe_utc(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
+
+        if (arg_utc)
+                return format_timestamp_utc(buf, l, t);
+
+        return format_timestamp(buf, l, t);
+}
+
+static int parse_boot_descriptor(const char *x, sd_id128_t *boot_id, int *offset) {
+        sd_id128_t id = SD_ID128_NULL;
+        int off = 0, r;
+
+        if (strlen(x) >= 32) {
+                char *t;
+
+                t = strndupa(x, 32);
+                r = sd_id128_from_string(t, &id);
+                if (r >= 0)
+                        x += 32;
+
+                if (*x != '-' && *x != '+' && *x != 0)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+
+                if (*x != 0) {
+                        r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                }
+        } else {
+                r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        if (boot_id)
+                *boot_id = id;
+
+        if (offset)
+                *offset = off;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static void help(void) {
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
 
         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]\n\n"
                "Query the journal.\n\n"
                "Flags:\n"
-               "     --since=DATE        Start showing entries newer or of the specified date\n"
-               "     --until=DATE        Stop showing entries older or of the specified date\n"
-               "  -c --cursor=CURSOR     Start showing entries from specified cursor\n"
-               "  -b --this-boot         Show data only from current boot\n"
-               "  -u --unit=UNIT         Show data only from the specified unit\n"
-               "     --user-unit=UNIT    Show data only from the specified user session unit\n"
-               "  -p --priority=RANGE    Show only messages within the specified priority range\n"
-               "  -e --pager-end         Immediately jump to end of the journal in the pager\n"
-               "  -f --follow            Follow journal\n"
-               "  -n --lines[=INTEGER]   Number of journal entries to show\n"
-               "     --no-tail           Show all lines, even in follow mode\n"
-               "  -r --reverse           Show the newest entries first\n"
-               "  -o --output=STRING     Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,\n"
-               "                         verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n"
-               "  -x --catalog           Add message explanations where available\n"
-               "     --full              Do not ellipsize fields\n"
-               "  -a --all               Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
-               "  -q --quiet             Don't show privilege warning\n"
-               "     --no-pager          Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
-               "  -m --merge             Show entries from all available journals\n"
-               "  -D --directory=PATH    Show journal files from directory\n"
-               "     --root=ROOT         Operate on catalog files underneath the root ROOT\n"
+               "     --system              Show the system journal\n"
+               "     --user                Show the user journal for the current user\n"
+               "  -M --machine=CONTAINER   Operate on local container\n"
+               "     --since=DATE          Show entries not older than the specified date\n"
+               "     --until=DATE          Show entries not newer than the specified date\n"
+               "  -c --cursor=CURSOR       Show entries starting at the specified cursor\n"
+               "     --after-cursor=CURSOR Show entries after the specified cursor\n"
+               "     --show-cursor         Print the cursor after all the entries\n"
+               "  -b --boot[=ID]           Show current boot or the specified boot\n"
+               "     --list-boots          Show terse information about recorded boots\n"
+               "  -k --dmesg               Show kernel message log from the current boot\n"
+               "  -u --unit=UNIT           Show logs from the specified unit\n"
+               "     --user-unit=UNIT      Show logs from the specified user unit\n"
+               "  -t --identifier=STRING   Show entries with the specified syslog identifier\n"
+               "  -p --priority=RANGE      Show entries with the specified priority\n"
+               "  -e --pager-end           Immediately jump to the end in the pager\n"
+               "  -f --follow              Follow the journal\n"
+               "  -n --lines[=INTEGER]     Number of journal entries to show\n"
+               "     --no-tail             Show all lines, even in follow mode\n"
+               "  -r --reverse             Show the newest entries first\n"
+               "  -o --output=STRING       Change journal output mode (short, short-iso,\n"
+               "                                   short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,\n"
+               "                                   export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n"
+               "     --utc                 Express time in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)\n"
+               "  -x --catalog             Add message explanations where available\n"
+               "     --no-full             Ellipsize fields\n"
+               "  -a --all                 Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
+               "  -q --quiet               Do not show privilege warning\n"
+               "     --no-pager            Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+               "  -m --merge               Show entries from all available journals\n"
+               "  -D --directory=PATH      Show journal files from directory\n"
+               "     --file=PATH           Show journal file\n"
+               "     --root=ROOT           Operate on catalog files underneath the root ROOT\n"
 #ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-               "     --interval=TIME     Time interval for changing the FSS sealing key\n"
-               "     --verify-key=KEY    Specify FSS verification key\n"
+               "     --interval=TIME       Time interval for changing the FSS sealing key\n"
+               "     --verify-key=KEY      Specify FSS verification key\n"
+               "     --force               Override of the FSS key pair with --setup-keys\n"
 #endif
                "\nCommands:\n"
-               "  -h --help              Show this help\n"
-               "     --version           Show package version\n"
-               "     --new-id128         Generate a new 128 Bit ID\n"
-               "     --header            Show journal header information\n"
-               "     --disk-usage        Show total disk usage\n"
-               "  -F --field=FIELD       List all values a certain field takes\n"
-               "     --list-catalog      Show message IDs of all entries in the message catalog\n"
-               "     --dump-catalog      Show entries in the message catalog\n"
-               "     --update-catalog    Update the message catalog database\n"
+               "  -h --help                Show this help text\n"
+               "     --version             Show package version\n"
+               "  -F --field=FIELD         List all values that a specified field takes\n"
+               "     --new-id128           Generate a new 128-bit ID\n"
+               "     --disk-usage          Show total disk usage of all journal files\n"
+               "     --vacuum-size=BYTES   Reduce disk usage below specified size\n"
+               "     --vacuum-time=TIME    Remove journal files older than specified date\n"
+               "     --flush               Flush all journal data from /run into /var\n"
+               "     --header              Show journal header information\n"
+               "     --list-catalog        Show all message IDs in the catalog\n"
+               "     --dump-catalog        Show entries in the message catalog\n"
+               "     --update-catalog      Update the message catalog database\n"
 #ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
-               "     --setup-keys        Generate new FSS key pair\n"
-               "     --verify            Verify journal file consistency\n"
+               "     --setup-keys          Generate a new FSS key pair\n"
+               "     --verify              Verify journal file consistency\n"
 #endif
                , program_invocation_short_name);
-
-        return 0;
 }
 
 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
@@ -154,60 +251,87 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         enum {
                 ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
                 ARG_NO_PAGER,
+                ARG_NO_FULL,
                 ARG_NO_TAIL,
                 ARG_NEW_ID128,
+                ARG_LIST_BOOTS,
+                ARG_USER,
+                ARG_SYSTEM,
                 ARG_ROOT,
                 ARG_HEADER,
-                ARG_FULL,
                 ARG_SETUP_KEYS,
+                ARG_FILE,
                 ARG_INTERVAL,
                 ARG_VERIFY,
                 ARG_VERIFY_KEY,
                 ARG_DISK_USAGE,
                 ARG_SINCE,
                 ARG_UNTIL,
+                ARG_AFTER_CURSOR,
+                ARG_SHOW_CURSOR,
                 ARG_USER_UNIT,
                 ARG_LIST_CATALOG,
                 ARG_DUMP_CATALOG,
-                ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG
+                ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG,
+                ARG_FORCE,
+                ARG_UTC,
+                ARG_FLUSH,
+                ARG_VACUUM_SIZE,
+                ARG_VACUUM_TIME,
         };
 
         static const struct option options[] = {
-                { "help",         no_argument,       NULL, 'h'              },
-                { "version" ,     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION      },
-                { "no-pager",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER     },
-                { "pager-end",    no_argument,       NULL, 'e'              },
-                { "follow",       no_argument,       NULL, 'f'              },
-                { "output",       required_argument, NULL, 'o'              },
-                { "all",          no_argument,       NULL, 'a'              },
-                { "full",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FULL         },
-                { "lines",        optional_argument, NULL, 'n'              },
-                { "no-tail",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_TAIL      },
-                { "new-id128",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NEW_ID128    },
-                { "quiet",        no_argument,       NULL, 'q'              },
-                { "merge",        no_argument,       NULL, 'm'              },
-                { "this-boot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'b'              },
-                { "directory",    required_argument, NULL, 'D'              },
-                { "root",         required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT         },
-                { "header",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HEADER       },
-                { "priority",     required_argument, NULL, 'p'              },
-                { "setup-keys",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SETUP_KEYS   },
-                { "interval",     required_argument, NULL, ARG_INTERVAL     },
-                { "verify",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERIFY       },
-                { "verify-key",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY_KEY   },
-                { "disk-usage",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DISK_USAGE   },
-                { "cursor",       required_argument, NULL, 'c'              },
-                { "since",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_SINCE        },
-                { "until",        required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNTIL        },
-                { "unit",         required_argument, NULL, 'u'              },
-                { "user-unit",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_USER_UNIT    },
-                { "field",        required_argument, NULL, 'F'              },
-                { "catalog",      no_argument,       NULL, 'x'              },
-                { "list-catalog", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_LIST_CATALOG },
-                { "dump-catalog", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CATALOG },
-                { "update-catalog",no_argument,      NULL, ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG },
-                { "reverse",      no_argument,       NULL, 'r'              },
-                { NULL,           0,                 NULL, 0                }
+                { "help",           no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                },
+                { "version" ,       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION        },
+                { "no-pager",       no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER       },
+                { "pager-end",      no_argument,       NULL, 'e'                },
+                { "follow",         no_argument,       NULL, 'f'                },
+                { "force",          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FORCE          },
+                { "output",         required_argument, NULL, 'o'                },
+                { "all",            no_argument,       NULL, 'a'                },
+                { "full",           no_argument,       NULL, 'l'                },
+                { "no-full",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_FULL        },
+                { "lines",          optional_argument, NULL, 'n'                },
+                { "no-tail",        no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_TAIL        },
+                { "new-id128",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NEW_ID128      },
+                { "quiet",          no_argument,       NULL, 'q'                },
+                { "merge",          no_argument,       NULL, 'm'                },
+                { "boot",           optional_argument, NULL, 'b'                },
+                { "list-boots",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_LIST_BOOTS     },
+                { "this-boot",      optional_argument, NULL, 'b'                }, /* deprecated */
+                { "dmesg",          no_argument,       NULL, 'k'                },
+                { "system",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM         },
+                { "user",           no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER           },
+                { "directory",      required_argument, NULL, 'D'                },
+                { "file",           required_argument, NULL, ARG_FILE           },
+                { "root",           required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT           },
+                { "header",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HEADER         },
+                { "identifier",     required_argument, NULL, 't'                },
+                { "priority",       required_argument, NULL, 'p'                },
+                { "setup-keys",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SETUP_KEYS     },
+                { "interval",       required_argument, NULL, ARG_INTERVAL       },
+                { "verify",         no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERIFY         },
+                { "verify-key",     required_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY_KEY     },
+                { "disk-usage",     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DISK_USAGE     },
+                { "cursor",         required_argument, NULL, 'c'                },
+                { "after-cursor",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_AFTER_CURSOR   },
+                { "show-cursor",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SHOW_CURSOR    },
+                { "since",          required_argument, NULL, ARG_SINCE          },
+                { "until",          required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNTIL          },
+                { "unit",           required_argument, NULL, 'u'                },
+                { "user-unit",      required_argument, NULL, ARG_USER_UNIT      },
+                { "field",          required_argument, NULL, 'F'                },
+                { "catalog",        no_argument,       NULL, 'x'                },
+                { "list-catalog",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_LIST_CATALOG   },
+                { "dump-catalog",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CATALOG   },
+                { "update-catalog", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG },
+                { "reverse",        no_argument,       NULL, 'r'                },
+                { "machine",        required_argument, NULL, 'M'                },
+                { "utc",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_UTC            },
+                { "flush",          no_argument,       NULL, ARG_FLUSH          },
+                { "vacuum-size",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_VACUUM_SIZE    },
+                { "vacuum-time",    required_argument, NULL, ARG_VACUUM_TIME    },
+                {}
         };
 
         int c, r;
@@ -215,7 +339,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         assert(argc >= 0);
         assert(argv);
 
-        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hefo:an::qmbD:p:c:u:F:xr", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+        while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hefo:aln::qmb::kD:p:c:t:u:F:xrM:", options, NULL)) >= 0)
 
                 switch (c) {
 
@@ -235,7 +359,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 case 'e':
                         arg_pager_end = true;
 
-                        if (arg_lines < 0)
+                        if (arg_lines == ARG_LINES_DEFAULT)
                                 arg_lines = 1000;
 
                         break;
@@ -260,39 +384,47 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                         break;
 
-                case ARG_FULL:
+                case 'l':
                         arg_full = true;
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_NO_FULL:
+                        arg_full = false;
+                        break;
+
                 case 'a':
                         arg_all = true;
                         break;
 
                 case 'n':
                         if (optarg) {
-                                r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_lines);
-                                if (r < 0 || arg_lines < 0) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
-                                        return -EINVAL;
+                                if (streq(optarg, "all"))
+                                        arg_lines = ARG_LINES_ALL;
+                                else {
+                                        r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_lines);
+                                        if (r < 0 || arg_lines < 0) {
+                                                log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
+                                                return -EINVAL;
+                                        }
                                 }
                         } else {
-                                int n;
+                                arg_lines = 10;
 
                                 /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
                                  * word on the command line is
                                  * supposed to be the argument? Let's
                                  * see if there is one, and is
-                                 * parsable as a positive
-                                 * integer... */
-
-                                if (optind < argc &&
-                                    safe_atoi(argv[optind], &n) >= 0 &&
-                                    n >= 0) {
-
-                                        arg_lines = n;
-                                        optind++;
-                                } else
-                                        arg_lines = 10;
+                                 * parsable. */
+                                if (optind < argc) {
+                                        int n;
+                                        if (streq(argv[optind], "all")) {
+                                                arg_lines = ARG_LINES_ALL;
+                                                optind++;
+                                        } else if (safe_atoi(argv[optind], &n) >= 0 && n >= 0) {
+                                                arg_lines = n;
+                                                optind++;
+                                        }
+                                }
                         }
 
                         break;
@@ -314,13 +446,59 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case 'b':
-                        arg_this_boot = true;
+                        arg_boot = true;
+
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                r =  parse_boot_descriptor(optarg, &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse boot descriptor '%s'", optarg);
+                                        return -EINVAL;
+                                }
+                        } else {
+
+                                /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
+                                 * word on the command line is
+                                 * supposed to be the argument? Let's
+                                 * see if there is one and is parsable
+                                 * as a boot descriptor... */
+
+                                if (optind < argc &&
+                                    parse_boot_descriptor(argv[optind], &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset) >= 0)
+                                        optind++;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_LIST_BOOTS:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_LIST_BOOTS;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'k':
+                        arg_boot = arg_dmesg = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SYSTEM:
+                        arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_USER:
+                        arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER;
+                        break;
+
+                case 'M':
+                        arg_machine = optarg;
                         break;
 
                 case 'D':
                         arg_directory = optarg;
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_FILE:
+                        r = glob_extend(&arg_file, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add paths: %m");
+                        break;
+
                 case ARG_ROOT:
                         arg_root = optarg;
                         break;
@@ -329,6 +507,14 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_cursor = optarg;
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_AFTER_CURSOR:
+                        arg_after_cursor = optarg;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_SHOW_CURSOR:
+                        arg_show_cursor = true;
+                        break;
+
                 case ARG_HEADER:
                         arg_action = ACTION_PRINT_HEADER;
                         break;
@@ -341,7 +527,31 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_action = ACTION_DISK_USAGE;
                         break;
 
+                case ARG_VACUUM_SIZE:
+                        r = parse_size(optarg, 1024, &arg_vacuum_size);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse vacuum size: %s", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_action = ACTION_VACUUM;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_VACUUM_TIME:
+                        r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_vacuum_time);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error("Failed to parse vacuum time: %s", optarg);
+                                return r;
+                        }
+
+                        arg_action = ACTION_VACUUM;
+                        break;
+
 #ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+                case ARG_FORCE:
+                        arg_force = true;
+                        break;
+
                 case ARG_SETUP_KEYS:
                         arg_action = ACTION_SETUP_KEYS;
                         break;
@@ -364,6 +574,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 case ARG_SETUP_KEYS:
                 case ARG_VERIFY_KEY:
                 case ARG_INTERVAL:
+                case ARG_FORCE:
                         log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
                         return -ENOTSUP;
 #endif
@@ -436,19 +647,24 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_until_set = true;
                         break;
 
+                case 't':
+                        r = strv_extend(&arg_syslog_identifier, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
+                        break;
+
                 case 'u':
-                        arg_unit = optarg;
-                        arg_unit_system = true;
+                        r = strv_extend(&arg_system_units, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_USER_UNIT:
-                        arg_unit = optarg;
-                        arg_unit_system = false;
+                        r = strv_extend(&arg_user_units, optarg);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_oom();
                         break;
 
-                case '?':
-                        return -EINVAL;
-
                 case 'F':
                         arg_field = optarg;
                         break;
@@ -473,22 +689,36 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         arg_reverse = true;
                         break;
 
-                default:
-                        log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                case ARG_UTC:
+                        arg_utc = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_FLUSH:
+                        arg_action = ACTION_FLUSH;
+                        break;
+
+                case '?':
                         return -EINVAL;
+
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
                 }
-        }
 
-        if (arg_follow && !arg_no_tail && arg_lines < 0)
+        if (arg_follow && !arg_no_tail && !arg_since && arg_lines == ARG_LINES_DEFAULT)
                 arg_lines = 10;
 
+        if (!!arg_directory + !!arg_file + !!arg_machine > 1) {
+                log_error("Please specify either -D/--directory= or --file= or -M/--machine=, not more than one.");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
         if (arg_since_set && arg_until_set && arg_since > arg_until) {
                 log_error("--since= must be before --until=.");
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        if (arg_cursor && arg_since_set) {
-                log_error("Please specify either --since= or --cursor=, not both.");
+        if (!!arg_cursor + !!arg_after_cursor + !!arg_since_set > 1) {
+                log_error("Please specify only one of --since=, --cursor=, and --after-cursor.");
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
@@ -497,6 +727,11 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
+        if (arg_action != ACTION_SHOW && optind < argc) {
+                log_error("Extraneous arguments starting with '%s'", argv[optind]);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
         return 1;
 }
 
@@ -506,10 +741,8 @@ static int generate_new_id128(void) {
         unsigned i;
 
         r = sd_id128_randomize(&id);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to generate ID: %s", strerror(-r));
-                return r;
-        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to generate ID: %m");
 
         printf("As string:\n"
                SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "\n\n"
@@ -533,34 +766,62 @@ static int generate_new_id128(void) {
 
 static int add_matches(sd_journal *j, char **args) {
         char **i;
+        bool have_term = false;
 
         assert(j);
 
         STRV_FOREACH(i, args) {
                 int r;
 
-                if (streq(*i, "+"))
+                if (streq(*i, "+")) {
+                        if (!have_term)
+                                break;
                         r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
-                else if (path_is_absolute(*i)) {
-                        char _cleanup_free_ *p, *t = NULL;
+                        have_term = false;
+
+                } else if (path_is_absolute(*i)) {
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *p, *t = NULL, *t2 = NULL;
                         const char *path;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *interpreter = NULL;
                         struct stat st;
 
                         p = canonicalize_file_name(*i);
                         path = p ? p : *i;
 
-                        if (stat(path, &st) < 0)  {
-                                log_error("Couldn't stat file: %m");
-                                return -errno;
-                        }
+                        if (stat(path, &st) < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(errno, "Couldn't stat file: %m");
+
+                        if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && (0111 & st.st_mode)) {
+                                if (executable_is_script(path, &interpreter) > 0) {
+                                        _cleanup_free_ char *comm;
+
+                                        comm = strndup(basename(path), 15);
+                                        if (!comm)
+                                                return log_oom();
+
+                                        t = strappend("_COMM=", comm);
 
-                        if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && (0111 & st.st_mode))
-                                t = strappend("_EXE=", path);
-                        else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode))
-                                asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=c%u:%u", major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev));
-                        else if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))
-                                asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=b%u:%u", major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev));
-                        else {
+                                        /* Append _EXE only if the interpreter is not a link.
+                                           Otherwise, it might be outdated often. */
+                                        if (lstat(interpreter, &st) == 0 &&
+                                            !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+                                                t2 = strappend("_EXE=", interpreter);
+                                                if (!t2)
+                                                        return log_oom();
+                                        }
+                                } else
+                                        t = strappend("_EXE=", path);
+                        } else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
+                                if (asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=c%u:%u",
+                                             major(st.st_rdev),
+                                             minor(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        } else if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode)) {
+                                if (asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=b%u:%u",
+                                             major(st.st_rdev),
+                                             minor(st.st_rdev)) < 0)
+                                        return -ENOMEM;
+                        } else {
                                 log_error("File is neither a device node, nor regular file, nor executable: %s", *i);
                                 return -EINVAL;
                         }
@@ -569,41 +830,205 @@ static int add_matches(sd_journal *j, char **args) {
                                 return log_oom();
 
                         r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t, 0);
-                } else
+                        if (t2)
+                                r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t2, 0);
+                        have_term = true;
+
+                } else {
                         r = sd_journal_add_match(j, *i, 0);
+                        have_term = true;
+                }
 
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to add match '%s': %s", *i, strerror(-r));
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match '%s': %m", *i);
+        }
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(args) && !have_term) {
+                log_error("\"+\" can only be used between terms");
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int boot_id_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
+        uint64_t _a, _b;
+
+        _a = ((const boot_id_t *)a)->first;
+        _b = ((const boot_id_t *)b)->first;
+
+        return _a < _b ? -1 : (_a > _b ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+static int get_boots(sd_journal *j,
+                     boot_id_t **boots,
+                     unsigned int *count,
+                     boot_id_t *query_ref_boot) {
+        int r;
+        const void *data;
+        size_t length, allocated = 0;
+
+        assert(j);
+        assert(boots);
+        assert(count);
+
+        r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, "_BOOT_ID");
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        *count = 0;
+        SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, length) {
+                boot_id_t *id;
+
+                assert(startswith(data, "_BOOT_ID="));
+
+                if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(*boots, allocated, *count + 1))
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                id = *boots + *count;
+
+                r = sd_id128_from_string(((const char *)data) + strlen("_BOOT_ID="), &id->id);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                r = sd_journal_add_match(j, data, length);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_journal_seek_head(j);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = sd_journal_next(j);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
+                else if (r == 0)
+                        goto flush;
+
+                r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &id->first);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (query_ref_boot) {
+                        id->last = 0;
+                        if (sd_id128_equal(id->id, query_ref_boot->id))
+                                *query_ref_boot = *id;
+                } else {
+                        r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+
+                        r = sd_journal_previous(j);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        else if (r == 0)
+                                goto flush;
+
+                        r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &id->last);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
                 }
+
+                (*count)++;
+        flush:
+                sd_journal_flush_matches(j);
+        }
+
+        qsort_safe(*boots, *count, sizeof(boot_id_t), boot_id_cmp);
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int list_boots(sd_journal *j) {
+        int r, w, i;
+        unsigned int count;
+        boot_id_t *id;
+        _cleanup_free_ boot_id_t *all_ids = NULL;
+
+        assert(j);
+
+        r = get_boots(j, &all_ids, &count, NULL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+        /* numbers are one less, but we need an extra char for the sign */
+        w = DECIMAL_STR_WIDTH(count - 1) + 1;
+
+        for (id = all_ids, i = 0; id < all_ids + count; id++, i++) {
+                char a[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], b[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
+
+                printf("% *i " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR " %s—%s\n",
+                       w, i - count + 1,
+                       SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id->id),
+                       format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a, sizeof(a), id->first),
+                       format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b, sizeof(b), id->last));
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_boot_id_by_offset(sd_journal *j, sd_id128_t *boot_id, int offset) {
+        int r;
+        unsigned int count;
+        boot_id_t ref_boot_id = {}, *id;
+        _cleanup_free_ boot_id_t *all_ids = NULL;
+
+        assert(j);
+        assert(boot_id);
+
+        ref_boot_id.id = *boot_id;
+        r = get_boots(j, &all_ids, &count, &ref_boot_id);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (sd_id128_equal(*boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
+                if (offset > (int) count || offset <= -(int)count)
+                        return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
+                *boot_id = all_ids[(offset <= 0)*count + offset - 1].id;
+        } else {
+                id = bsearch(&ref_boot_id, all_ids, count, sizeof(boot_id_t), boot_id_cmp);
+
+                if (!id ||
+                    offset <= 0 ? (id - all_ids) + offset < 0 :
+                                    (id - all_ids) + offset >= (int) count)
+                        return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
+                *boot_id = (id + offset)->id;
         }
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int add_this_boot(sd_journal *j) {
+static int add_boot(sd_journal *j) {
         char match[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
-        sd_id128_t boot_id;
         int r;
 
         assert(j);
 
-        if (!arg_this_boot)
+        if (!arg_boot)
                 return 0;
 
-        r = sd_id128_get_boot(&boot_id);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to get boot id: %s", strerror(-r));
-                return r;
-        }
+        if (arg_boot_offset == 0 && sd_id128_equal(arg_boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL))
+                return add_match_this_boot(j, arg_machine);
 
-        sd_id128_to_string(boot_id, match + 9);
-        r = sd_journal_add_match(j, match, strlen(match));
+        r = get_boot_id_by_offset(j, &arg_boot_id, arg_boot_offset);
         if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to add match: %s", strerror(-r));
+                if (sd_id128_equal(arg_boot_id, SD_ID128_NULL))
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to look up boot %+i: %m", arg_boot_offset);
+                else
+                        log_error("Failed to look up boot ID "SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR"%+i: %s",
+                                  SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(arg_boot_id), arg_boot_offset, strerror(-r));
                 return r;
         }
 
+        sd_id128_to_string(arg_boot_id, match + 9);
+
+        r = sd_journal_add_match(j, match, sizeof(match) - 1);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
+
         r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
@@ -611,26 +1036,195 @@ static int add_this_boot(sd_journal *j) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int add_unit(sd_journal *j) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+static int add_dmesg(sd_journal *j) {
         int r;
-
         assert(j);
 
-        if (isempty(arg_unit))
+        if (!arg_dmesg)
                 return 0;
 
-        u = unit_name_mangle(arg_unit);
-        if (!u)
-                return log_oom();
+        r = sd_journal_add_match(j, "_TRANSPORT=kernel", strlen("_TRANSPORT=kernel"));
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
 
-        if (arg_unit_system)
-                r = add_matches_for_unit(j, u);
-        else
-                r = add_matches_for_user_unit(j, u, getuid());
+        r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_possible_units(sd_journal *j,
+                              const char *fields,
+                              char **patterns,
+                              Set **units) {
+        _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *found;
+        const char *field;
+        int r;
+
+        found = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+        if (!found)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        NULSTR_FOREACH(field, fields) {
+                const void *data;
+                size_t size;
+
+                r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, field);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                SD_JOURNAL_FOREACH_UNIQUE(j, data, size) {
+                        char **pattern, *eq;
+                        size_t prefix;
+                        _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+
+                        eq = memchr(data, '=', size);
+                        if (eq)
+                                prefix = eq - (char*) data + 1;
+                        else
+                                prefix = 0;
+
+                        u = strndup((char*) data + prefix, size - prefix);
+                        if (!u)
+                                return log_oom();
+
+                        STRV_FOREACH(pattern, patterns)
+                                if (fnmatch(*pattern, u, FNM_NOESCAPE) == 0) {
+                                        log_debug("Matched %s with pattern %s=%s", u, field, *pattern);
+
+                                        r = set_consume(found, u);
+                                        u = NULL;
+                                        if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST)
+                                                return r;
+
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                }
+        }
+
+        *units = found;
+        found = NULL;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+/* This list is supposed to return the superset of unit names
+ * possibly matched by rules added with add_matches_for_unit... */
+#define SYSTEM_UNITS                 \
+        "_SYSTEMD_UNIT\0"            \
+        "COREDUMP_UNIT\0"            \
+        "UNIT\0"                     \
+        "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_UNIT\0"      \
+        "_SYSTEMD_SLICE\0"
+
+/* ... and add_matches_for_user_unit */
+#define USER_UNITS                   \
+        "_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0"       \
+        "USER_UNIT\0"                \
+        "COREDUMP_USER_UNIT\0"       \
+        "OBJECT_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT\0"
+
+static int add_units(sd_journal *j) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **patterns = NULL;
+        int r, count = 0;
+        char **i;
+
+        assert(j);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_system_units) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+
+                u = unit_name_mangle(*i, MANGLE_GLOB);
+                if (!u)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (string_is_glob(u)) {
+                        r = strv_push(&patterns, u);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        u = NULL;
+                } else {
+                        r = add_matches_for_unit(j, u);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        count ++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(patterns)) {
+                _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *units = NULL;
+                Iterator it;
+                char *u;
+
+                r = get_possible_units(j, SYSTEM_UNITS, patterns, &units);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                SET_FOREACH(u, units, it) {
+                        r = add_matches_for_unit(j, u);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        count ++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        strv_free(patterns);
+        patterns = NULL;
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_user_units) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *u = NULL;
+
+                u = unit_name_mangle(*i, MANGLE_GLOB);
+                if (!u)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                if (string_is_glob(u)) {
+                        r = strv_push(&patterns, u);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        u = NULL;
+                } else {
+                        r = add_matches_for_user_unit(j, u, getuid());
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        count ++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (!strv_isempty(patterns)) {
+                _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *units = NULL;
+                Iterator it;
+                char *u;
+
+                r = get_possible_units(j, USER_UNITS, patterns, &units);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                SET_FOREACH(u, units, it) {
+                        r = add_matches_for_user_unit(j, u, getuid());
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return r;
+                        count ++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        /* Complain if the user request matches but nothing whatsoever was
+         * found, since otherwise everything would be matched. */
+        if (!(strv_isempty(arg_system_units) && strv_isempty(arg_user_units)) && count == 0)
+                return -ENODATA;
+
         r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
@@ -651,10 +1245,8 @@ static int add_priorities(sd_journal *j) {
                         match[sizeof(match)-2] = '0' + i;
 
                         r = sd_journal_add_match(j, match, strlen(match));
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to add match: %s", strerror(-r));
-                                return r;
-                        }
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add match: %m");
                 }
 
         r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
@@ -664,37 +1256,79 @@ static int add_priorities(sd_journal *j) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+
+static int add_syslog_identifier(sd_journal *j) {
+        int r;
+        char **i;
+
+        assert(j);
+
+        STRV_FOREACH(i, arg_syslog_identifier) {
+                char *u;
+
+                u = strjoina("SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=", *i);
+                r = sd_journal_add_match(j, u, 0);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+                r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        r = sd_journal_add_conjunction(j);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static int setup_keys(void) {
 #ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
         size_t mpk_size, seed_size, state_size, i;
         uint8_t *mpk, *seed, *state;
         ssize_t l;
-        int fd = -1, r, attr = 0;
+        int fd = -1, r;
         sd_id128_t machine, boot;
         char *p = NULL, *k = NULL;
         struct FSSHeader h;
         uint64_t n;
+        struct stat st;
 
-        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to get machine ID: %s", strerror(-r));
-                return r;
+        r = stat("/var/log/journal", &st);
+        if (r < 0 && errno != ENOENT && errno != ENOTDIR)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "stat(\"%s\") failed: %m", "/var/log/journal");
+
+        if (r < 0 || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
+                log_error("%s is not a directory, must be using persistent logging for FSS.",
+                          "/var/log/journal");
+                return r < 0 ? -errno : -ENOTDIR;
         }
 
+        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get machine ID: %m");
+
         r = sd_id128_get_boot(&boot);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to get boot ID: %s", strerror(-r));
-                return r;
-        }
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get boot ID: %m");
 
         if (asprintf(&p, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/fss",
                      SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine)) < 0)
                 return log_oom();
 
         if (access(p, F_OK) >= 0) {
-                log_error("Sealing key file %s exists already.", p);
-                r = -EEXIST;
-                goto finish;
+                if (arg_force) {
+                        r = unlink(p);
+                        if (r < 0) {
+                                log_error_errno(errno, "unlink(\"%s\") failed: %m", p);
+                                r = -errno;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+                } else {
+                        log_error("Sealing key file %s exists already. (--force to recreate)", p);
+                        r = -EEXIST;
+                        goto finish;
+                }
         }
 
         if (asprintf(&k, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/fss.tmp.XXXXXX",
@@ -714,7 +1348,7 @@ static int setup_keys(void) {
 
         fd = open("/dev/random", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
         if (fd < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to open /dev/random: %m");
+                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open /dev/random: %m");
                 r = -errno;
                 goto finish;
         }
@@ -722,7 +1356,7 @@ static int setup_keys(void) {
         log_info("Generating seed...");
         l = loop_read(fd, seed, seed_size, true);
         if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != seed_size) {
-                log_error("Failed to read random seed: %s", strerror(EIO));
+                log_error_errno(EIO, "Failed to read random seed: %m");
                 r = -EIO;
                 goto finish;
         }
@@ -738,23 +1372,19 @@ static int setup_keys(void) {
         n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
         n /= arg_interval;
 
-        close_nointr_nofail(fd);
-        fd = mkostemp(k, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
+        safe_close(fd);
+        fd = mkostemp_safe(k, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
         if (fd < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", k);
+                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open %s: %m", k);
                 r = -errno;
                 goto finish;
         }
 
         /* Enable secure remove, exclusion from dump, synchronous
          * writing and in-place updating */
-        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_GETFLAGS, &attr) < 0)
-                log_warning("FS_IOC_GETFLAGS failed: %m");
-
-        attr |= FS_SECRM_FL|FS_NODUMP_FL|FS_SYNC_FL|FS_NOCOW_FL;
-
-        if (ioctl(fd, FS_IOC_SETFLAGS, &attr) < 0)
-                log_warning("FS_IOC_SETFLAGS failed: %m");
+        r = chattr_fd(fd, true, FS_SECRM_FL|FS_NODUMP_FL|FS_SYNC_FL|FS_NOCOW_FL);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_warning_errno(errno, "Failed to set file attributes: %m");
 
         zero(h);
         memcpy(h.signature, "KSHHRHLP", 8);
@@ -766,22 +1396,20 @@ static int setup_keys(void) {
         h.fsprg_secpar = htole16(FSPRG_RECOMMENDED_SECPAR);
         h.fsprg_state_size = htole64(state_size);
 
-        l = loop_write(fd, &h, sizeof(h), false);
-        if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != sizeof(h)) {
-                log_error("Failed to write header: %s", strerror(EIO));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = loop_write(fd, &h, sizeof(h), false);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write header: %m");
                 goto finish;
         }
 
-        l = loop_write(fd, state, state_size, false);
-        if (l < 0 || (size_t) l != state_size) {
-                log_error("Failed to write state: %s", strerror(EIO));
-                r = -EIO;
+        r = loop_write(fd, state, state_size, false);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to write state: %m");
                 goto finish;
         }
 
         if (link(k, p) < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to link file: %m");
+                log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to link file: %m");
                 r = -errno;
                 goto finish;
         }
@@ -819,7 +1447,7 @@ static int setup_keys(void) {
                 hn = gethostname_malloc();
 
                 if (hn) {
-                        hostname_cleanup(hn);
+                        hostname_cleanup(hn, false);
                         fprintf(stderr, "\nThe keys have been generated for host %s/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".\n", hn, SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine));
                 } else
                         fprintf(stderr, "\nThe keys have been generated for host " SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR ".\n", SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine));
@@ -837,8 +1465,7 @@ static int setup_keys(void) {
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        if (fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+        safe_close(fd);
 
         if (k) {
                 unlink(k);
@@ -863,7 +1490,7 @@ static int verify(sd_journal *j) {
 
         log_show_color(true);
 
-        HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, j->files, i) {
+        ORDERED_HASHMAP_FOREACH(f, j->files, i) {
                 int k;
                 usec_t first, validated, last;
 
@@ -886,8 +1513,8 @@ static int verify(sd_journal *j) {
                         if (arg_verify_key && JOURNAL_HEADER_SEALED(f->header)) {
                                 if (validated > 0) {
                                         log_info("=> Validated from %s to %s, final %s entries not sealed.",
-                                                 format_timestamp(a, sizeof(a), first),
-                                                 format_timestamp(b, sizeof(b), validated),
+                                                 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(a, sizeof(a), first),
+                                                 format_timestamp_maybe_utc(b, sizeof(b), validated),
                                                  format_timespan(c, sizeof(c), last > validated ? last - validated : 0, 0));
                                 } else if (last > 0)
                                         log_info("=> No sealing yet, %s of entries not sealed.",
@@ -912,10 +1539,17 @@ static int access_check_var_log_journal(sd_journal *j) {
         have_access = in_group("systemd-journal") > 0;
 
         if (!have_access) {
+                const char* dir;
+
+                if (access("/run/log/journal", F_OK) >= 0)
+                        dir = "/run/log/journal";
+                else
+                        dir = "/var/log/journal";
+
                 /* Let's enumerate all groups from the default ACL of
                  * the directory, which generally should allow access
                  * to most journal files too */
-                r = search_acl_groups(&g, "/var/log/journal/", &have_access);
+                r = search_acl_groups(&g, dir, &have_access);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
         }
@@ -941,7 +1575,7 @@ static int access_check_var_log_journal(sd_journal *j) {
                                 return log_oom();
 
                         log_notice("Hint: You are currently not seeing messages from other users and the system.\n"
-                                   "      Users in the groups '%s' can see all messages.\n"
+                                   "      Users in groups '%s' can see all messages.\n"
                                    "      Pass -q to turn off this notice.", s);
                 }
         }
@@ -958,25 +1592,15 @@ static int access_check(sd_journal *j) {
         assert(j);
 
         if (set_isempty(j->errors)) {
-                if (hashmap_isempty(j->files))
+                if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(j->files))
                         log_notice("No journal files were found.");
                 return 0;
         }
 
         if (set_contains(j->errors, INT_TO_PTR(-EACCES))) {
 #ifdef HAVE_ACL
-                /* If /var/log/journal doesn't even exist,
-                 * unprivileged users have no access at all */
-                if (access("/var/log/journal", F_OK) < 0 &&
-                    geteuid() != 0 &&
-                    in_group("systemd-journal") <= 0) {
-                        log_error("Unprivileged users cannot access messages, unless persistent log storage is\n"
-                                  "enabled. Users in the 'systemd-journal' group may always access messages.");
-                        return -EACCES;
-                }
-
-                /* If /var/log/journal exists, try to pring a nice
-                   notice if the user lacks access to it */
+                /* If /run/log/journal or /var/log/journal exist, try
+                   to pring a nice notice if the user lacks access to it. */
                 if (!arg_quiet && geteuid() != 0) {
                         r = access_check_var_log_journal(j);
                         if (r < 0)
@@ -990,7 +1614,7 @@ static int access_check(sd_journal *j) {
                 }
 #endif
 
-                if (hashmap_isempty(j->files)) {
+                if (ordered_hashmap_isempty(j->files)) {
                         log_error("No journal files were opened due to insufficient permissions.");
                         r = -EACCES;
                 }
@@ -1003,20 +1627,79 @@ static int access_check(sd_journal *j) {
                 assert(err > 0);
 
                 if (err != EACCES)
-                        log_warning("Error was encountered while opening journal files: %s",
-                                    strerror(err));
+                        log_warning_errno(err, "Error was encountered while opening journal files: %m");
         }
 
         return r;
 }
 
+static int flush_to_var(void) {
+        _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
+        _cleanup_bus_close_unref_ sd_bus *bus = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int watch_fd = -1;
+        int r;
+
+        /* Quick exit */
+        if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* OK, let's actually do the full logic, send SIGUSR1 to the
+         * daemon and set up inotify to wait for the flushed file to appear */
+        r = bus_open_system_systemd(&bus);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get D-Bus connection: %m");
+
+        r = sd_bus_call_method(
+                        bus,
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
+                        "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
+                        "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
+                        "KillUnit",
+                        &error,
+                        NULL,
+                        "ssi", "systemd-journald.service", "main", SIGUSR1);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to kill journal service: %s", bus_error_message(&error, r));
+                return r;
+        }
+
+        mkdir_p("/run/systemd/journal", 0755);
+
+        watch_fd = inotify_init1(IN_NONBLOCK|IN_CLOEXEC);
+        if (watch_fd < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to create inotify watch: %m");
+
+        r = inotify_add_watch(watch_fd, "/run/systemd/journal", IN_CREATE|IN_DONT_FOLLOW|IN_ONLYDIR);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to watch journal directory: %m");
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (access("/run/systemd/journal/flushed", F_OK) >= 0)
+                        break;
+
+                if (errno != ENOENT)
+                        return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to check for existence of /run/systemd/journal/flushed: %m");
+
+                r = fd_wait_for_event(watch_fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for event: %m");
+
+                r = flush_fd(watch_fd);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return log_error_errno(r, "Failed to flush inotify events: %m");
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         int r;
-        sd_journal _cleanup_journal_close_ *j = NULL;
+        _cleanup_journal_close_ sd_journal *j = NULL;
         bool need_seek = false;
         sd_id128_t previous_boot_id;
         bool previous_boot_id_valid = false, first_line = true;
         int n_shown = 0;
+        bool ellipsized = false;
 
         setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
         log_parse_environment();
@@ -1027,12 +1710,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 goto finish;
 
         signal(SIGWINCH, columns_lines_cache_reset);
+        sigbus_install();
+
+        /* Increase max number of open files to 16K if we can, we
+         * might needs this when browsing journal files, which might
+         * be split up into many files. */
+        setrlimit_closest(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &RLIMIT_MAKE_CONST(16384));
 
         if (arg_action == ACTION_NEW_ID128) {
                 r = generate_new_id128();
                 goto finish;
         }
 
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_FLUSH) {
+                r = flush_to_var();
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
         if (arg_action == ACTION_SETUP_KEYS) {
                 r = setup_keys();
                 goto finish;
@@ -1042,22 +1736,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
             arg_action == ACTION_LIST_CATALOG ||
             arg_action == ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG) {
 
-                const char* database = CATALOG_DATABASE;
-                char _cleanup_free_ *copy = NULL;
-                if (arg_root) {
-                        copy = strjoin(arg_root, "/", CATALOG_DATABASE, NULL);
-                        if (!copy) {
-                                r = log_oom();
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-                        path_kill_slashes(copy);
-                        database = copy;
+                _cleanup_free_ char *database;
+
+                database = path_join(arg_root, CATALOG_DATABASE, NULL);
+                if (!database) {
+                        r = log_oom();
+                        goto finish;
                 }
 
                 if (arg_action == ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG) {
                         r = catalog_update(database, arg_root, catalog_file_dirs);
                         if (r < 0)
-                                log_error("Failed to list catalog: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list catalog: %m");
                 } else {
                         bool oneline = arg_action == ACTION_LIST_CATALOG;
 
@@ -1067,18 +1757,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         else
                                 r = catalog_list(stdout, database, oneline);
                         if (r < 0)
-                                log_error("Failed to list catalog: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to list catalog: %m");
                 }
 
                 goto finish;
         }
 
         if (arg_directory)
-                r = sd_journal_open_directory(&j, arg_directory, 0);
+                r = sd_journal_open_directory(&j, arg_directory, arg_journal_type);
+        else if (arg_file)
+                r = sd_journal_open_files(&j, (const char**) arg_file, 0);
+        else if (arg_machine)
+                r = sd_journal_open_container(&j, arg_machine, 0);
         else
-                r = sd_journal_open(&j, arg_merge ? 0 : SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY);
+                r = sd_journal_open(&j, !arg_merge*SD_JOURNAL_LOCAL_ONLY + arg_journal_type);
         if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to open journal: %s", strerror(-r));
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to open %s: %m",
+                                arg_directory ? arg_directory : arg_file ? "files" : "journal");
                 return EXIT_FAILURE;
         }
 
@@ -1097,38 +1792,86 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         }
 
         if (arg_action == ACTION_DISK_USAGE) {
-                uint64_t bytes;
+                uint64_t bytes = 0;
                 char sbytes[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
 
                 r = sd_journal_get_usage(j, &bytes);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
 
-                printf("Journals take up %s on disk.\n",
+                printf("Archived and active journals take up %s on disk.\n",
                        format_bytes(sbytes, sizeof(sbytes), bytes));
                 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
         }
 
-        r = add_this_boot(j);
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_VACUUM) {
+                Directory *d;
+                Iterator i;
+
+                HASHMAP_FOREACH(d, j->directories_by_path, i) {
+                        int q;
+
+                        if (d->is_root)
+                                continue;
+
+                        q = journal_directory_vacuum(d->path, arg_vacuum_size, arg_vacuum_time, NULL, true);
+                        if (q < 0) {
+                                log_error_errno(q, "Failed to vacuum: %m");
+                                r = q;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_LIST_BOOTS) {
+                r = list_boots(j);
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        /* add_boot() must be called first!
+         * It may need to seek the journal to find parent boot IDs. */
+        r = add_boot(j);
         if (r < 0)
                 return EXIT_FAILURE;
 
-        r = add_unit(j);
+        r = add_dmesg(j);
         if (r < 0)
                 return EXIT_FAILURE;
 
+        r = add_units(j);
+        strv_free(arg_system_units);
+        strv_free(arg_user_units);
+
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filter for units: %m");
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        r = add_syslog_identifier(j);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filter for syslog identifiers: %m");
+                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+
         r = add_priorities(j);
-        if (r < 0)
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filter for priorities: %m");
                 return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
 
         r = add_matches(j, argv + optind);
-        if (r < 0)
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to add filters: %m");
                 return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
 
-        /* Opening the fd now means the first sd_journal_wait() will actually wait */
-        r = sd_journal_get_fd(j);
-        if (r < 0)
-                return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        if (_unlikely_(log_get_max_level() >= LOG_DEBUG)) {
+                _cleanup_free_ char *filter;
+
+                filter = journal_make_match_string(j);
+                log_debug("Journal filter: %s", filter);
+        }
 
         if (arg_field) {
                 const void *data;
@@ -1142,7 +1885,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, arg_field);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to query unique data objects: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to query unique data objects: %m");
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
                 }
 
@@ -1164,21 +1907,36 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 return EXIT_SUCCESS;
         }
 
-        if (arg_cursor) {
-                r = sd_journal_seek_cursor(j, arg_cursor);
+        /* Opening the fd now means the first sd_journal_wait() will actually wait */
+        if (arg_follow) {
+                r = sd_journal_get_fd(j);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        if (arg_cursor || arg_after_cursor) {
+                r = sd_journal_seek_cursor(j, arg_cursor ?: arg_after_cursor);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to seek to cursor: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to cursor: %m");
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
                 }
                 if (!arg_reverse)
-                        r = sd_journal_next(j);
+                        r = sd_journal_next_skip(j, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor);
                 else
-                        r = sd_journal_previous(j);
+                        r = sd_journal_previous_skip(j, 1 + !!arg_after_cursor);
+
+                if (arg_after_cursor && r < 2) {
+                        /* We couldn't find the next entry after the cursor. */
+                        if (arg_follow)
+                                need_seek = true;
+                        else
+                                arg_lines = 0;
+                }
 
         } else if (arg_since_set && !arg_reverse) {
                 r = sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j, arg_since);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to seek to date: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to date: %m");
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
                 }
                 r = sd_journal_next(j);
@@ -1186,7 +1944,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else if (arg_until_set && arg_reverse) {
                 r = sd_journal_seek_realtime_usec(j, arg_until);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to seek to date: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to date: %m");
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
                 }
                 r = sd_journal_previous(j);
@@ -1194,7 +1952,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else if (arg_lines >= 0) {
                 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to seek to tail: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to tail: %m");
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
                 }
 
@@ -1203,7 +1961,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else if (arg_reverse) {
                 r = sd_journal_seek_tail(j);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to seek to tail: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to tail: %m");
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
                 }
 
@@ -1212,7 +1970,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else {
                 r = sd_journal_seek_head(j);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to seek to head: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to seek to head: %m");
                         return EXIT_FAILURE;
                 }
 
@@ -1220,12 +1978,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         }
 
         if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to iterate through journal: %s", strerror(-r));
+                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to iterate through journal: %m");
                 return EXIT_FAILURE;
         }
 
-        if (!arg_no_pager && !arg_follow)
-                pager_open(arg_pager_end);
+        if (!arg_follow)
+                pager_open_if_enabled();
 
         if (!arg_quiet) {
                 usec_t start, end;
@@ -1233,18 +1991,18 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 r = sd_journal_get_cutoff_realtime_usec(j, &start, &end);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed to get cutoff: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get cutoff: %m");
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
                 if (r > 0) {
                         if (arg_follow)
                                 printf("-- Logs begin at %s. --\n",
-                                       format_timestamp(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start));
+                                       format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start));
                         else
                                 printf("-- Logs begin at %s, end at %s. --\n",
-                                       format_timestamp(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start),
-                                       format_timestamp(end_buf, sizeof(end_buf), end));
+                                       format_timestamp_maybe_utc(start_buf, sizeof(start_buf), start),
+                                       format_timestamp_maybe_utc(end_buf, sizeof(end_buf), end));
                 }
         }
 
@@ -1258,20 +2016,19 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 else
                                         r = sd_journal_previous(j);
                                 if (r < 0) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to iterate through journal: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to iterate through journal: %m");
                                         goto finish;
                                 }
+                                if (r == 0)
+                                        break;
                         }
 
-                        if (r == 0)
-                                break;
-
                         if (arg_until_set && !arg_reverse) {
                                 usec_t usec;
 
                                 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &usec);
                                 if (r < 0) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to determine timestamp: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine timestamp: %m");
                                         goto finish;
                                 }
                                 if (usec > arg_until)
@@ -1283,21 +2040,22 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                                 r = sd_journal_get_realtime_usec(j, &usec);
                                 if (r < 0) {
-                                        log_error("Failed to determine timestamp: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to determine timestamp: %m");
                                         goto finish;
                                 }
                                 if (usec < arg_since)
                                         goto finish;
                         }
 
-                        if (!arg_merge) {
+                        if (!arg_merge && !arg_quiet) {
                                 sd_id128_t boot_id;
 
                                 r = sd_journal_get_monotonic_usec(j, NULL, &boot_id);
                                 if (r >= 0) {
                                         if (previous_boot_id_valid &&
                                             !sd_id128_equal(boot_id, previous_boot_id))
-                                                printf(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON "-- Reboot --" ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF "\n");
+                                                printf("%s-- Reboot --%s\n",
+                                                       ansi_highlight(), ansi_highlight_off());
 
                                         previous_boot_id = boot_id;
                                         previous_boot_id_valid = true;
@@ -1306,24 +2064,38 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                         flags =
                                 arg_all * OUTPUT_SHOW_ALL |
-                                (arg_full || !on_tty() || pager_have()) * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
+                                arg_full * OUTPUT_FULL_WIDTH |
                                 on_tty() * OUTPUT_COLOR |
-                                arg_catalog * OUTPUT_CATALOG;
+                                arg_catalog * OUTPUT_CATALOG |
+                                arg_utc * OUTPUT_UTC;
 
-                        r = output_journal(stdout, j, arg_output, 0, flags);
-                        if (r < 0 || ferror(stdout))
+                        r = output_journal(stdout, j, arg_output, 0, flags, &ellipsized);
+                        need_seek = true;
+                        if (r == -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+                                break;
+                        else if (r < 0 || ferror(stdout))
                                 goto finish;
 
-                        need_seek = true;
                         n_shown++;
                 }
 
-                if (!arg_follow)
+                if (!arg_follow) {
+                        if (arg_show_cursor) {
+                                _cleanup_free_ char *cursor = NULL;
+
+                                r = sd_journal_get_cursor(j, &cursor);
+                                if (r < 0 && r != -EADDRNOTAVAIL)
+                                        log_error_errno(r, "Failed to get cursor: %m");
+                                else if (r >= 0)
+                                        printf("-- cursor: %s\n", cursor);
+                        }
+
                         break;
+                }
 
                 r = sd_journal_wait(j, (uint64_t) -1);
                 if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Couldn't wait for journal event: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        log_error_errno(r, "Couldn't wait for journal event: %m");
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -1333,5 +2105,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 finish:
         pager_close();
 
+        strv_free(arg_file);
+
         return r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }