chiark / gitweb /
journal: include tag object header in hmac
[elogind.git] / src / journal / journal-file.c
index 4a006d3bf3510b282b87678bf0cfa93e3bc5aeed..9235e5fea2df5711acbe92ce141567ef175c7665 100644 (file)
@@ -6,16 +6,16 @@
   Copyright 2011 Lennart Poettering
 
   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
   (at your option) any later version.
 
   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-  General Public License for more details.
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.
 
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 ***/
 
 #include "journal-file.h"
 #include "lookup3.h"
 #include "compress.h"
+#include "fsprg.h"
 
-#define DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE (2047ULL*16ULL)
-#define DEFAULT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE_SIZE (2047ULL*16ULL)
+#define DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE (2047ULL*sizeof(HashItem))
+#define DEFAULT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE_SIZE (333ULL*sizeof(HashItem))
 
-#define DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE (128ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)
+#define DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE (8ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)
 
-#define COMPRESSION_SIZE_THRESHOLD (64ULL)
+#define COMPRESSION_SIZE_THRESHOLD (512ULL)
 
-static const char signature[] = { 'L', 'P', 'K', 'S', 'H', 'H', 'R', 'H' };
+/* This is the minimum journal file size */
+#define JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN (64ULL*1024ULL)                  /* 64 KiB */
+
+/* These are the lower and upper bounds if we deduce the max_use value
+ * from the file system size */
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER (1ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)           /* 1 MiB */
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_USE_UPPER (4ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)   /* 4 GiB */
+
+/* This is the upper bound if we deduce max_size from max_use */
+#define DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE_UPPER (128ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL)        /* 128 MiB */
+
+/* This is the upper bound if we deduce the keep_free value from the
+ * file system size */
+#define DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE_UPPER (4ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL) /* 4 GiB */
+
+/* This is the keep_free value when we can't determine the system
+ * size */
+#define DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE (1024ULL*1024ULL)                    /* 1 MB */
+
+/* n_data was the first entry we added after the initial file format design */
+#define HEADER_SIZE_MIN ALIGN64(offsetof(Header, n_data))
 
 #define ALIGN64(x) (((x) + 7ULL) & ~7ULL)
 
+#define JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(h, field) \
+        (le64toh((h)->header_size) >= offsetof(Header, field) + sizeof((h)->field))
+
+static int journal_file_maybe_append_tag(JournalFile *f, uint64_t realtime);
+static int journal_file_hmac_put_object(JournalFile *f, int type, uint64_t p);
+
 void journal_file_close(JournalFile *f) {
         int t;
 
         assert(f);
 
-        if (f->header && f->writable)
-                f->header->state = STATE_OFFLINE;
-
+        /* Write the final tag */
+        if (f->authenticate)
+                journal_file_append_tag(f);
 
+        /* Sync everything to disk, before we mark the file offline */
         for (t = 0; t < _WINDOW_MAX; t++)
                 if (f->windows[t].ptr)
                         munmap(f->windows[t].ptr, f->windows[t].size);
 
+        if (f->writable && f->fd >= 0)
+                fdatasync(f->fd);
+
+        if (f->header) {
+                /* Mark the file offline. Don't override the archived state if it already is set */
+                if (f->writable && f->header->state == STATE_ONLINE)
+                        f->header->state = STATE_OFFLINE;
+
+                munmap(f->header, PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(Header)));
+        }
+
         if (f->fd >= 0)
                 close_nointr_nofail(f->fd);
 
@@ -65,6 +104,14 @@ void journal_file_close(JournalFile *f) {
         free(f->compress_buffer);
 #endif
 
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+        if (f->fsprg_header)
+                munmap(f->fsprg_header, PAGE_ALIGN(f->fsprg_size));
+
+        if (f->hmac)
+                gcry_md_close(f->hmac);
+#endif
+
         free(f);
 }
 
@@ -76,8 +123,14 @@ static int journal_file_init_header(JournalFile *f, JournalFile *template) {
         assert(f);
 
         zero(h);
-        memcpy(h.signature, signature, 8);
-        h.arena_offset = htole64(ALIGN64(sizeof(h)));
+        memcpy(h.signature, HEADER_SIGNATURE, 8);
+        h.header_size = htole64(ALIGN64(sizeof(h)));
+
+        h.incompatible_flags =
+                htole32(f->compress ? HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED : 0);
+
+        h.compatible_flags =
+                htole32(f->authenticate ? HEADER_COMPATIBLE_AUTHENTICATED : 0);
 
         r = sd_id128_randomize(&h.file_id);
         if (r < 0)
@@ -85,7 +138,7 @@ static int journal_file_init_header(JournalFile *f, JournalFile *template) {
 
         if (template) {
                 h.seqnum_id = template->header->seqnum_id;
-                h.seqnum = template->header->seqnum;
+                h.tail_seqnum = template->header->tail_seqnum;
         } else
                 h.seqnum_id = h.file_id;
 
@@ -119,28 +172,51 @@ static int journal_file_refresh_header(JournalFile *f) {
         f->header->boot_id = boot_id;
 
         f->header->state = STATE_ONLINE;
+
+        /* Sync the online state to disk */
+        msync(f->header, PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(Header)), MS_SYNC);
+        fdatasync(f->fd);
+
         return 0;
 }
 
 static int journal_file_verify_header(JournalFile *f) {
         assert(f);
 
-        if (memcmp(f->header, signature, 8))
+        if (memcmp(f->header->signature, HEADER_SIGNATURE, 8))
                 return -EBADMSG;
 
+        /* In both read and write mode we refuse to open files with
+         * incompatible flags we don't know */
 #ifdef HAVE_XZ
-        if ((le64toh(f->header->incompatible_flags) & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED) != 0)
+        if ((le32toh(f->header->incompatible_flags) & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED) != 0)
                 return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
 #else
         if (f->header->incompatible_flags != 0)
                 return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
 #endif
 
-        if ((uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size < (le64toh(f->header->arena_offset) + le64toh(f->header->arena_size)))
+        /* When open for writing we refuse to open files with
+         * compatible flags, too */
+        if (f->writable) {
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+                if ((le32toh(f->header->compatible_flags) & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_AUTHENTICATED) != 0)
+                        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#else
+                if (f->header->compatible_flags != 0)
+                        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        /* The first addition was n_data, so check that we are at least this large */
+        if (le64toh(f->header->header_size) < HEADER_SIZE_MIN)
+                return -EBADMSG;
+
+        if ((uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size < (le64toh(f->header->header_size) + le64toh(f->header->arena_size)))
                 return -ENODATA;
 
         if (f->writable) {
-                uint32_t state;
+                uint8_t state;
                 sd_id128_t machine_id;
                 int r;
 
@@ -153,19 +229,26 @@ static int journal_file_verify_header(JournalFile *f) {
 
                 state = f->header->state;
 
-                if (state == STATE_ONLINE)
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s is already online. Assuming unclean closing. Ignoring.", f->path);
-                else if (state == STATE_ARCHIVED)
+                if (state == STATE_ONLINE) {
+                        log_debug("Journal file %s is already online. Assuming unclean closing.", f->path);
+                        return -EBUSY;
+                } else if (state == STATE_ARCHIVED)
                         return -ESHUTDOWN;
-                else if (state != STATE_OFFLINE)
-                        log_debug("Journal file %s has unknown state %u. Ignoring.", f->path, state);
+                else if (state != STATE_OFFLINE) {
+                        log_debug("Journal file %s has unknown state %u.", f->path, state);
+                        return -EBUSY;
+                }
         }
 
+        f->compress = !!(le32toh(f->header->incompatible_flags) & HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED);
+        f->authenticate = !!(le32toh(f->header->compatible_flags) & HEADER_COMPATIBLE_AUTHENTICATED);
+
         return 0;
 }
 
 static int journal_file_allocate(JournalFile *f, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size) {
         uint64_t old_size, new_size;
+        int r;
 
         assert(f);
 
@@ -174,12 +257,12 @@ static int journal_file_allocate(JournalFile *f, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size)
          * ourselves */
 
         old_size =
-                le64toh(f->header->arena_offset) +
+                le64toh(f->header->header_size) +
                 le64toh(f->header->arena_size);
 
         new_size = PAGE_ALIGN(offset + size);
-        if (new_size < le64toh(f->header->arena_offset))
-                new_size = le64toh(f->header->arena_offset);
+        if (new_size < le64toh(f->header->header_size))
+                new_size = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
 
         if (new_size <= old_size)
                 return 0;
@@ -210,13 +293,14 @@ static int journal_file_allocate(JournalFile *f, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size)
         /* Note that the glibc fallocate() fallback is very
            inefficient, hence we try to minimize the allocation area
            as we can. */
-        if (posix_fallocate(f->fd, old_size, new_size - old_size) < 0)
-                return -errno;
+        r = posix_fallocate(f->fd, old_size, new_size - old_size);
+        if (r != 0)
+                return -r;
 
         if (fstat(f->fd, &f->last_stat) < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        f->header->arena_size = new_size - htole64(f->header->arena_offset);
+        f->header->arena_size = htole64(new_size - le64toh(f->header->header_size));
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -241,6 +325,10 @@ static int journal_file_map(
         wsize = size + (offset - woffset);
         wsize = PAGE_ALIGN(wsize);
 
+        /* Avoid SIGBUS on invalid accesses */
+        if (woffset + wsize > (uint64_t) PAGE_ALIGN(f->last_stat.st_size))
+                return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
         window = mmap(NULL, wsize, f->prot, MAP_SHARED, f->fd, woffset);
         if (window == MAP_FAILED)
                 return -errno;
@@ -260,7 +348,7 @@ static int journal_file_map(
 }
 
 static int journal_file_move_to(JournalFile *f, int wt, uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, void **ret) {
-        void *p;
+        void *p = NULL;
         uint64_t delta;
         int r;
         Window *w;
@@ -270,6 +358,15 @@ static int journal_file_move_to(JournalFile *f, int wt, uint64_t offset, uint64_
         assert(wt >= 0);
         assert(wt < _WINDOW_MAX);
 
+        if (offset + size > (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size) {
+                /* Hmm, out of range? Let's refresh the fstat() data
+                 * first, before we trust that check. */
+
+                if (fstat(f->fd, &f->last_stat) < 0 ||
+                    offset + size > (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size)
+                        return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+        }
+
         w = f->windows + wt;
 
         if (_likely_(w->ptr &&
@@ -295,16 +392,22 @@ static int journal_file_move_to(JournalFile *f, int wt, uint64_t offset, uint64_
                  * the window space before and half behind the
                  * requested mapping */
 
-                delta = PAGE_ALIGN((DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE - size) / 2);
+                delta = (DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE - size) / 2;
 
-                if (offset < delta)
+                if (delta > offset)
                         delta = offset;
 
                 offset -= delta;
-                size += (DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE - delta);
+                size = DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE;
         } else
                 delta = 0;
 
+        if (offset + size > (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size)
+                size = (uint64_t) f->last_stat.st_size - offset;
+
+        if (size <= 0)
+                return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
+
         r = journal_file_map(f,
                              offset, size,
                              &w->ptr, &w->offset, &w->size,
@@ -372,12 +475,12 @@ int journal_file_move_to_object(JournalFile *f, int type, uint64_t offset, Objec
         return 0;
 }
 
-static uint64_t journal_file_seqnum(JournalFile *f, uint64_t *seqnum) {
+static uint64_t journal_file_entry_seqnum(JournalFile *f, uint64_t *seqnum) {
         uint64_t r;
 
         assert(f);
 
-        r = le64toh(f->header->seqnum) + 1;
+        r = le64toh(f->header->tail_seqnum) + 1;
 
         if (seqnum) {
                 /* If an external seqnum counter was passed, we update
@@ -390,10 +493,10 @@ static uint64_t journal_file_seqnum(JournalFile *f, uint64_t *seqnum) {
                 *seqnum = r;
         }
 
-        f->header->seqnum = htole64(r);
+        f->header->tail_seqnum = htole64(r);
 
-        if (f->header->first_seqnum == 0)
-                f->header->first_seqnum = htole64(r);
+        if (f->header->head_seqnum == 0)
+                f->header->head_seqnum = htole64(r);
 
         return r;
 }
@@ -411,7 +514,7 @@ static int journal_file_append_object(JournalFile *f, int type, uint64_t size, O
 
         p = le64toh(f->header->tail_object_offset);
         if (p == 0)
-                p = le64toh(f->header->arena_offset);
+                p = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
         else {
                 r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, -1, p, &tail);
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -450,7 +553,17 @@ static int journal_file_setup_data_hash_table(JournalFile *f) {
 
         assert(f);
 
-        s = DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE;
+        /* We estimate that we need 1 hash table entry per 768 of
+           journal file and we want to make sure we never get beyond
+           75% fill level. Calculate the hash table size for the
+           maximum file size based on these metrics. */
+
+        s = (f->metrics.max_size * 4 / 768 / 3) * sizeof(HashItem);
+        if (s < DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE)
+                s = DEFAULT_DATA_HASH_TABLE_SIZE;
+
+        log_info("Reserving %llu entries in hash table.", (unsigned long long) (s / sizeof(HashItem)));
+
         r = journal_file_append_object(f,
                                        OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE,
                                        offsetof(Object, hash_table.items) + s,
@@ -540,32 +653,33 @@ static int journal_file_link_data(JournalFile *f, Object *o, uint64_t offset, ui
         assert(offset > 0);
         assert(o->object.type == OBJECT_DATA);
 
+        /* This might alter the window we are looking at */
+
         o->data.next_hash_offset = o->data.next_field_offset = 0;
         o->data.entry_offset = o->data.entry_array_offset = 0;
         o->data.n_entries = 0;
 
         h = hash % (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem));
-        p = le64toh(f->data_hash_table[h].head_hash_offset);
+        p = le64toh(f->data_hash_table[h].tail_hash_offset);
         if (p == 0) {
                 /* Only entry in the hash table is easy */
                 f->data_hash_table[h].head_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
         } else {
-                /* Temporarily move back to the previous data object,
-                 * to patch in pointer */
+                /* Move back to the previous data object, to patch in
+                 * pointer */
 
                 r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
                 o->data.next_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, offset, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
         }
 
         f->data_hash_table[h].tail_hash_offset = htole64(offset);
 
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data))
+                f->header->n_data = htole64(le64toh(f->header->n_data) + 1);
+
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -573,6 +687,7 @@ int journal_file_find_data_object_with_hash(
                 JournalFile *f,
                 const void *data, uint64_t size, uint64_t hash,
                 Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
+
         uint64_t p, osize, h;
         int r;
 
@@ -595,7 +710,7 @@ int journal_file_find_data_object_with_hash(
                         return r;
 
                 if (le64toh(o->data.hash) != hash)
-                        return -EBADMSG;
+                        goto next;
 
                 if (o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED) {
 #ifdef HAVE_XZ
@@ -637,6 +752,7 @@ int journal_file_find_data_object_with_hash(
                         return 1;
                 }
 
+        next:
                 p = le64toh(o->data.next_hash_offset);
         }
 
@@ -660,7 +776,11 @@ int journal_file_find_data_object(
                                                        ret, offset);
 }
 
-static int journal_file_append_data(JournalFile *f, const void *data, uint64_t size, Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
+static int journal_file_append_data(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                const void *data, uint64_t size,
+                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
+
         uint64_t hash, p;
         uint64_t osize;
         Object *o;
@@ -704,20 +824,28 @@ static int journal_file_append_data(JournalFile *f, const void *data, uint64_t s
                         o->object.size = htole64(offsetof(Object, data.payload) + rsize);
                         o->object.flags |= OBJECT_COMPRESSED;
 
-                        f->header->incompatible_flags = htole32(le32toh(f->header->incompatible_flags) | HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED);
-
                         log_debug("Compressed data object %lu -> %lu", (unsigned long) size, (unsigned long) rsize);
                 }
         }
 #endif
 
-        if (!compressed)
+        if (!compressed && size > 0)
                 memcpy(o->data.payload, data, size);
 
         r = journal_file_link_data(f, o, p, hash);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
+        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* The linking might have altered the window, so let's
+         * refresh our pointer */
+        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         if (ret)
                 *ret = o;
 
@@ -729,21 +857,21 @@ static int journal_file_append_data(JournalFile *f, const void *data, uint64_t s
 
 uint64_t journal_file_entry_n_items(Object *o) {
         assert(o);
-        assert(o->object.type == htole64(OBJECT_ENTRY));
+        assert(o->object.type == OBJECT_ENTRY);
 
         return (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry.items)) / sizeof(EntryItem);
 }
 
 static uint64_t journal_file_entry_array_n_items(Object *o) {
         assert(o);
-        assert(o->object.type == htole64(OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY));
+        assert(o->object.type == OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY);
 
         return (le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, entry_array.items)) / sizeof(uint64_t);
 }
 
 static int link_entry_into_array(JournalFile *f,
-                                 uint64_t *first,
-                                 uint64_t *idx,
+                                 le64_t *first,
+                                 le64_t *idx,
                                  uint64_t p) {
         int r;
         uint64_t n = 0, ap = 0, q, i, a, hidx;
@@ -788,10 +916,14 @@ static int link_entry_into_array(JournalFile *f,
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
+        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, q);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         o->entry_array.items[i] = htole64(p);
 
         if (ap == 0)
-                *first = q;
+                *first = htole64(q);
         else {
                 r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY, ap, &o);
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -806,9 +938,9 @@ static int link_entry_into_array(JournalFile *f,
 }
 
 static int link_entry_into_array_plus_one(JournalFile *f,
-                                          uint64_t *extra,
-                                          uint64_t *first,
-                                          uint64_t *idx,
+                                          le64_t *extra,
+                                          le64_t *first,
+                                          le64_t *idx,
                                           uint64_t p) {
 
         int r;
@@ -822,9 +954,9 @@ static int link_entry_into_array_plus_one(JournalFile *f,
         if (*idx == 0)
                 *extra = htole64(p);
         else {
-                uint64_t i;
+                le64_t i;
 
-                i = le64toh(*idx) - 1;
+                i = htole64(le64toh(*idx) - 1);
                 r = link_entry_into_array(f, first, &i, p);
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
@@ -865,6 +997,8 @@ static int journal_file_link_entry(JournalFile *f, Object *o, uint64_t offset) {
         assert(offset > 0);
         assert(o->object.type == OBJECT_ENTRY);
 
+        __sync_synchronize();
+
         /* Link up the entry itself */
         r = link_entry_into_array(f,
                                   &f->header->entry_array_offset,
@@ -873,7 +1007,7 @@ static int journal_file_link_entry(JournalFile *f, Object *o, uint64_t offset) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        log_error("=> %s seqnr=%lu n_entries=%lu", f->path, (unsigned long) o->entry.seqnum, (unsigned long) f->header->n_entries);
+        /* log_debug("=> %s seqnr=%lu n_entries=%lu", f->path, (unsigned long) o->entry.seqnum, (unsigned long) f->header->n_entries); */
 
         if (f->header->head_entry_realtime == 0)
                 f->header->head_entry_realtime = o->entry.realtime;
@@ -916,13 +1050,17 @@ static int journal_file_append_entry_internal(
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        o->entry.seqnum = htole64(journal_file_seqnum(f, seqnum));
+        o->entry.seqnum = htole64(journal_file_entry_seqnum(f, seqnum));
         memcpy(o->entry.items, items, n_items * sizeof(EntryItem));
         o->entry.realtime = htole64(ts->realtime);
         o->entry.monotonic = htole64(ts->monotonic);
         o->entry.xor_hash = htole64(xor_hash);
         o->entry.boot_id = f->header->boot_id;
 
+        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, np);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
         r = journal_file_link_entry(f, o, np);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
@@ -936,7 +1074,7 @@ static int journal_file_append_entry_internal(
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void journal_file_post_change(JournalFile *f) {
+void journal_file_post_change(JournalFile *f) {
         assert(f);
 
         /* inotify() does not receive IN_MODIFY events from file
@@ -972,12 +1110,12 @@ int journal_file_append_entry(JournalFile *f, const dual_timestamp *ts, const st
             ts->monotonic < le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_monotonic))
                 return -EINVAL;
 
-        if (ts->realtime < le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime))
-                return -EINVAL;
+        r = journal_file_maybe_append_tag(f, ts->realtime);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
 
-        items = new(EntryItem, n_iovec);
-        if (!items)
-                return -ENOMEM;
+        /* alloca() can't take 0, hence let's allocate at least one */
+        items = alloca(sizeof(EntryItem) * MAX(1, n_iovec));
 
         for (i = 0; i < n_iovec; i++) {
                 uint64_t p;
@@ -985,7 +1123,7 @@ int journal_file_append_entry(JournalFile *f, const dual_timestamp *ts, const st
 
                 r = journal_file_append_data(f, iovec[i].iov_base, iovec[i].iov_len, &o, &p);
                 if (r < 0)
-                        goto finish;
+                        return r;
 
                 xor_hash ^= le64toh(o->data.hash);
                 items[i].object_offset = htole64(p);
@@ -996,9 +1134,6 @@ int journal_file_append_entry(JournalFile *f, const dual_timestamp *ts, const st
 
         journal_file_post_change(f);
 
-finish:
-        free(items);
-
         return r;
 }
 
@@ -1008,7 +1143,7 @@ static int generic_array_get(JournalFile *f,
                              Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
 
         Object *o;
-        uint64_t p, a;
+        uint64_t p = 0, a;
         int r;
 
         assert(f);
@@ -1158,8 +1293,15 @@ static int generic_array_bisect(JournalFile *f,
                         }
                 }
 
-                if (k > n)
+                if (k > n) {
+                        if (direction == DIRECTION_UP) {
+                                i = n;
+                                subtract_one = true;
+                                goto found;
+                        }
+
                         return 0;
+                }
 
                 last_p = lp;
 
@@ -1192,7 +1334,7 @@ found:
                 *offset = p;
 
         if (idx)
-                *idx = t + i - (subtract_one ? 1 : 0);
+                *idx = t + i + (subtract_one ? -1 : 0);
 
         return 1;
 }
@@ -1209,6 +1351,8 @@ static int generic_array_bisect_plus_one(JournalFile *f,
                                          uint64_t *idx) {
 
         int r;
+        bool step_back = false;
+        Object *o;
 
         assert(f);
         assert(test_object);
@@ -1221,34 +1365,81 @@ static int generic_array_bisect_plus_one(JournalFile *f,
         r = test_object(f, extra, needle);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
-        else if (r == TEST_FOUND) {
-                Object *o;
-
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, extra, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (ret)
-                        *ret = o;
 
-                if (offset)
-                        *offset = extra;
+        if (r == TEST_FOUND)
+                r = direction == DIRECTION_DOWN ? TEST_RIGHT : TEST_LEFT;
 
-                if (idx)
-                        *idx = 0;
+        /* if we are looking with DIRECTION_UP then we need to first
+           see if in the actual array there is a matching entry, and
+           return the last one of that. But if there isn't any we need
+           to return this one. Hence remember this, and return it
+           below. */
+        if (r == TEST_LEFT)
+                step_back = direction == DIRECTION_UP;
 
-                return 1;
-        } else if (r == TEST_RIGHT)
-                return 0;
+        if (r == TEST_RIGHT) {
+                if (direction == DIRECTION_DOWN)
+                        goto found;
+                else
+                        return 0;
+        }
 
         r = generic_array_bisect(f, first, n-1, needle, test_object, direction, ret, offset, idx);
 
-        if (r > 0)
+        if (r == 0 && step_back)
+                goto found;
+
+        if (r > 0 && idx)
                 (*idx) ++;
 
         return r;
+
+found:
+        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, extra, &o);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (ret)
+                *ret = o;
+
+        if (offset)
+                *offset = extra;
+
+        if (idx)
+                *idx = 0;
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+static int test_object_offset(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle) {
+        assert(f);
+        assert(p > 0);
+
+        if (p == needle)
+                return TEST_FOUND;
+        else if (p < needle)
+                return TEST_LEFT;
+        else
+                return TEST_RIGHT;
+}
+
+int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_offset(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                uint64_t p,
+                direction_t direction,
+                Object **ret,
+                uint64_t *offset) {
+
+        return generic_array_bisect(f,
+                                    le64toh(f->header->entry_array_offset),
+                                    le64toh(f->header->n_entries),
+                                    p,
+                                    test_object_offset,
+                                    direction,
+                                    ret, offset, NULL);
 }
 
+
 static int test_object_seqnum(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle) {
         Object *o;
         int r;
@@ -1346,16 +1537,17 @@ int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_monotonic(
                 Object **ret,
                 uint64_t *offset) {
 
-        char t[8+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
+        char t[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
         Object *o;
         int r;
 
-        sd_id128_to_string(boot_id, t + 8);
+        assert(f);
 
+        sd_id128_to_string(boot_id, t + 9);
         r = journal_file_find_data_object(f, t, strlen(t), &o, NULL);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
-        else if (r == 0)
+        if (r == 0)
                 return -ENOENT;
 
         return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
@@ -1368,18 +1560,6 @@ int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_monotonic(
                                              ret, offset, NULL);
 }
 
-static int test_object_offset(JournalFile *f, uint64_t p, uint64_t needle) {
-        assert(f);
-        assert(p > 0);
-
-        if (p == needle)
-                return TEST_FOUND;
-        else if (p < needle)
-                return TEST_LEFT;
-        else
-                return TEST_RIGHT;
-}
-
 int journal_file_next_entry(
                 JournalFile *f,
                 Object *o, uint64_t p,
@@ -1544,6 +1724,119 @@ int journal_file_next_entry_for_data(
                                           ret, offset);
 }
 
+int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_offset_for_data(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                uint64_t data_offset,
+                uint64_t p,
+                direction_t direction,
+                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
+
+        int r;
+        Object *d;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
+                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
+                                             le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
+                                             le64toh(d->data.n_entries),
+                                             p,
+                                             test_object_offset,
+                                             direction,
+                                             ret, offset, NULL);
+}
+
+int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_monotonic_for_data(
+                JournalFile *f,
+                uint64_t data_offset,
+                sd_id128_t boot_id,
+                uint64_t monotonic,
+                direction_t direction,
+                Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
+
+        char t[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
+        Object *o, *d;
+        int r;
+        uint64_t b, z;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        /* First, seek by time */
+        sd_id128_to_string(boot_id, t + 9);
+        r = journal_file_find_data_object(f, t, strlen(t), &o, &b);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+        if (r == 0)
+                return -ENOENT;
+
+        r = generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
+                                          le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
+                                          le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset),
+                                          le64toh(o->data.n_entries),
+                                          monotonic,
+                                          test_object_monotonic,
+                                          direction,
+                                          NULL, &z, NULL);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* And now, continue seeking until we find an entry that
+         * exists in both bisection arrays */
+
+        for (;;) {
+                Object *qo;
+                uint64_t p, q;
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
+                                                  le64toh(d->data.entry_offset),
+                                                  le64toh(d->data.entry_array_offset),
+                                                  le64toh(d->data.n_entries),
+                                                  z,
+                                                  test_object_offset,
+                                                  direction,
+                                                  NULL, &p, NULL);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, b, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
+                                                  le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
+                                                  le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset),
+                                                  le64toh(o->data.n_entries),
+                                                  p,
+                                                  test_object_offset,
+                                                  direction,
+                                                  &qo, &q, NULL);
+
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (p == q) {
+                        if (ret)
+                                *ret = qo;
+                        if (offset)
+                                *offset = q;
+
+                        return 1;
+                }
+
+                z = q;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_seqnum_for_data(
                 JournalFile *f,
                 uint64_t data_offset,
@@ -1554,8 +1847,10 @@ int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_seqnum_for_data(
         Object *d;
         int r;
 
+        assert(f);
+
         r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
-        if (r <= 0)
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
@@ -1578,8 +1873,10 @@ int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_realtime_for_data(
         Object *d;
         int r;
 
+        assert(f);
+
         r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, data_offset, &d);
-        if (r <= 0)
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         return generic_array_bisect_plus_one(f,
@@ -1592,40 +1889,432 @@ int journal_file_move_to_entry_by_realtime_for_data(
                                              ret, offset, NULL);
 }
 
-void journal_file_dump(JournalFile *f) {
-        char a[33], b[33], c[33];
-        Object *o;
-        int r;
-        uint64_t p;
-
+static void *fsprg_state(JournalFile *f) {
+        uint64_t a, b;
         assert(f);
 
-        printf("File Path: %s\n"
-               "File ID: %s\n"
-               "Machine ID: %s\n"
-               "Boot ID: %s\n"
-               "Arena size: %llu\n"
-               "Objects: %lu\n"
-               "Entries: %lu\n",
-               f->path,
-               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->file_id, a),
-               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->machine_id, b),
-               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->boot_id, c),
-               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->arena_size),
-               (unsigned long) le64toh(f->header->n_objects),
-               (unsigned long) le64toh(f->header->n_entries));
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return NULL;
 
-        p = le64toh(f->header->arena_offset);
-        while (p != 0) {
-                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, -1, p, &o);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
+        a = le64toh(f->fsprg_header->header_size);
+        b = le64toh(f->fsprg_header->state_size);
 
-                switch (o->object.type) {
+        if (a + b > f->fsprg_size)
+                return NULL;
 
-                case OBJECT_UNUSED:
-                        printf("Type: OBJECT_UNUSED\n");
-                        break;
+        return (uint8_t*) f->fsprg_header + a;
+}
+
+static uint64_t journal_file_tag_seqnum(JournalFile *f) {
+        uint64_t r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        r = le64toh(f->header->n_tags) + 1;
+        f->header->n_tags = htole64(r);
+
+        return r;
+}
+
+int journal_file_append_tag(JournalFile *f) {
+        Object *o;
+        uint64_t p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (!f->hmac_running)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_debug("Writing tag for epoch %llu\n", (unsigned long long) FSPRG_GetEpoch(fsprg_state(f)));
+
+        assert(f->hmac);
+
+        r = journal_file_append_object(f, OBJECT_TAG, sizeof(struct TagObject), &o, &p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        o->tag.seqnum = htole64(journal_file_tag_seqnum(f));
+
+        /* Add the tag object itself, so that we can protect its
+         * header. This will exclude the actual hash value in it */
+        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_TAG, p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* Get the HMAC tag and store it in the object */
+        memcpy(o->tag.tag, gcry_md_read(f->hmac, 0), TAG_LENGTH);
+        f->hmac_running = false;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_hmac_start(JournalFile *f) {
+        uint8_t key[256 / 8]; /* Let's pass 256 bit from FSPRG to HMAC */
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (f->hmac_running)
+                return 0;
+
+        /* Prepare HMAC for next cycle */
+        gcry_md_reset(f->hmac);
+        FSPRG_GetKey(fsprg_state(f), key, sizeof(key), 0);
+        gcry_md_setkey(f->hmac, key, sizeof(key));
+
+        f->hmac_running = true;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_get_epoch(JournalFile *f, uint64_t realtime, uint64_t *epoch) {
+        uint64_t t;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(epoch);
+        assert(f->authenticate);
+
+        if (le64toh(f->fsprg_header->fsprg_start_usec) == 0 ||
+            le64toh(f->fsprg_header->fsprg_interval_usec) == 0)
+                return -ENOTSUP;
+
+        if (realtime < le64toh(f->fsprg_header->fsprg_start_usec))
+                return -ESTALE;
+
+        t = realtime - le64toh(f->fsprg_header->fsprg_start_usec);
+        t = t / le64toh(f->fsprg_header->fsprg_interval_usec);
+
+        *epoch = t;
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_need_evolve(JournalFile *f, uint64_t realtime) {
+        uint64_t goal, epoch;
+        int r;
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_get_epoch(f, realtime, &goal);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        epoch = FSPRG_GetEpoch(fsprg_state(f));
+        if (epoch > goal)
+                return -ESTALE;
+
+        return epoch != goal;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_evolve(JournalFile *f, uint64_t realtime) {
+        uint64_t goal, epoch;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_get_epoch(f, realtime, &goal);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        epoch = FSPRG_GetEpoch(fsprg_state(f));
+        if (epoch < goal)
+                log_debug("Evolving FSPRG key from epoch %llu to %llu.", (unsigned long long) epoch, (unsigned long long) goal);
+
+        for (;;) {
+                if (epoch > goal)
+                        return -ESTALE;
+                if (epoch == goal)
+                        return 0;
+
+                FSPRG_Evolve(fsprg_state(f));
+                epoch = FSPRG_GetEpoch(fsprg_state(f));
+        }
+}
+
+static int journal_file_maybe_append_tag(JournalFile *f, uint64_t realtime) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_need_evolve(f, realtime);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_append_tag(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = journal_file_evolve(f, realtime);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = journal_file_hmac_start(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_hmac_put_object(JournalFile *f, int type, uint64_t p) {
+        int r;
+        Object *o;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_hmac_start(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, type, p, &o);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        gcry_md_write(f->hmac, o, offsetof(ObjectHeader, payload));
+
+        switch (o->object.type) {
+
+        case OBJECT_DATA:
+                /* All but: hash and payload are mutable */
+                gcry_md_write(f->hmac, &o->data.hash, sizeof(o->data.hash));
+                gcry_md_write(f->hmac, o->data.payload, le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(DataObject, payload));
+                break;
+
+        case OBJECT_ENTRY:
+                /* All */
+                gcry_md_write(f->hmac, &o->entry.seqnum, le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(EntryObject, seqnum));
+                break;
+
+        case OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE:
+        case OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE:
+        case OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY:
+                /* Nothing: everything is mutable */
+                break;
+
+        case OBJECT_TAG:
+                /* All but the tag itself */
+                gcry_md_write(f->hmac, &o->tag.seqnum, sizeof(o->tag.seqnum));
+                break;
+        default:
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_hmac_put_header(JournalFile *f) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = journal_file_hmac_start(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        /* All but state+reserved, boot_id, arena_size,
+         * tail_object_offset, n_objects, n_entries, tail_seqnum,
+         * head_entry_realtime, tail_entry_realtime,
+         * tail_entry_monotonic, n_data, n_fields, header_tag */
+
+        gcry_md_write(f->hmac, f->header->signature, offsetof(Header, state) - offsetof(Header, signature));
+        gcry_md_write(f->hmac, &f->header->file_id, offsetof(Header, boot_id) - offsetof(Header, file_id));
+        gcry_md_write(f->hmac, &f->header->seqnum_id, offsetof(Header, arena_size) - offsetof(Header, seqnum_id));
+        gcry_md_write(f->hmac, &f->header->data_hash_table_offset, offsetof(Header, tail_object_offset) - offsetof(Header, data_hash_table_offset));
+        gcry_md_write(f->hmac, &f->header->head_seqnum, offsetof(Header, head_entry_realtime) - offsetof(Header, head_seqnum));
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_load_fsprg(JournalFile *f) {
+        int r, fd = -1;
+        char *p = NULL;
+        struct stat st;
+        FSPRGHeader *m = NULL;
+        sd_id128_t machine;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = sd_id128_get_machine(&machine);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (asprintf(&p, "/var/log/journal/" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "/fsprg",
+                     SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(machine)) < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        fd = open(p, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0600);
+        if (fd < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to open %s: %m", p);
+                r = -errno;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0) {
+                r = -errno;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (st.st_size < (off_t) sizeof(FSPRGHeader)) {
+                r = -ENODATA;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        m = mmap(NULL, PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(FSPRGHeader)), PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+        if (m == MAP_FAILED) {
+                m = NULL;
+                r = -errno;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (memcmp(m->signature, FSPRG_HEADER_SIGNATURE, 8) != 0) {
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (m->incompatible_flags != 0) {
+                r = -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (le64toh(m->header_size) < sizeof(FSPRGHeader)) {
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (le64toh(m->state_size) != FSPRG_stateinbytes(m->secpar)) {
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        f->fsprg_size = le64toh(m->header_size) + le64toh(m->state_size);
+        if ((uint64_t) st.st_size < f->fsprg_size) {
+                r = -ENODATA;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (!sd_id128_equal(machine, m->machine_id)) {
+                r = -EHOSTDOWN;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        if (le64toh(m->fsprg_start_usec) <= 0 ||
+            le64toh(m->fsprg_interval_usec) <= 0) {
+                r = -EBADMSG;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        f->fsprg_header = mmap(NULL, PAGE_ALIGN(f->fsprg_size), PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+        if (f->fsprg_header == MAP_FAILED) {
+                f->fsprg_header = NULL;
+                r = -errno;
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = 0;
+
+finish:
+        if (m)
+                munmap(m, PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(FSPRGHeader)));
+
+        if (fd >= 0)
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
+
+        free(p);
+        return r;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_setup_hmac(JournalFile *f) {
+        gcry_error_t e;
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        e = gcry_md_open(&f->hmac, GCRY_MD_SHA256, GCRY_MD_FLAG_HMAC);
+        if (e != 0)
+                return -ENOTSUP;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int journal_file_append_first_tag(JournalFile *f) {
+        int r;
+        uint64_t p;
+
+        if (!f->authenticate)
+                return 0;
+
+        log_debug("Calculating first tag...");
+
+        r = journal_file_hmac_put_header(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_offset);
+        if (p < offsetof(Object, hash_table.items))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        p -= offsetof(Object, hash_table.items);
+
+        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_FIELD_HASH_TABLE, p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        p = le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_offset);
+        if (p < offsetof(Object, hash_table.items))
+                return -EINVAL;
+        p -= offsetof(Object, hash_table.items);
+
+        r = journal_file_hmac_put_object(f, OBJECT_DATA_HASH_TABLE, p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        r = journal_file_append_tag(f);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+void journal_file_dump(JournalFile *f) {
+        Object *o;
+        int r;
+        uint64_t p;
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        journal_file_print_header(f);
+
+        p = le64toh(f->header->header_size);
+        while (p != 0) {
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, -1, p, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+
+                switch (o->object.type) {
+
+                case OBJECT_UNUSED:
+                        printf("Type: OBJECT_UNUSED\n");
+                        break;
 
                 case OBJECT_DATA:
                         printf("Type: OBJECT_DATA\n");
@@ -1649,6 +2338,11 @@ void journal_file_dump(JournalFile *f) {
                 case OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY:
                         printf("Type: OBJECT_ENTRY_ARRAY\n");
                         break;
+
+                case OBJECT_TAG:
+                        printf("Type: OBJECT_TAG %llu\n",
+                               (unsigned long long) le64toh(o->tag.seqnum));
+                        break;
                 }
 
                 if (o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED)
@@ -1665,10 +2359,75 @@ fail:
         log_error("File corrupt");
 }
 
+void journal_file_print_header(JournalFile *f) {
+        char a[33], b[33], c[33];
+        char x[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], y[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
+
+        assert(f);
+
+        printf("File Path: %s\n"
+               "File ID: %s\n"
+               "Machine ID: %s\n"
+               "Boot ID: %s\n"
+               "Sequential Number ID: %s\n"
+               "State: %s\n"
+               "Compatible Flags:%s%s\n"
+               "Incompatible Flags:%s%s\n"
+               "Header size: %llu\n"
+               "Arena size: %llu\n"
+               "Data Hash Table Size: %llu\n"
+               "Field Hash Table Size: %llu\n"
+               "Objects: %llu\n"
+               "Entry Objects: %llu\n"
+               "Rotate Suggested: %s\n"
+               "Head Sequential Number: %llu\n"
+               "Tail Sequential Number: %llu\n"
+               "Head Realtime Timestamp: %s\n"
+               "Tail Realtime Timestamp: %s\n",
+               f->path,
+               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->file_id, a),
+               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->machine_id, b),
+               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->boot_id, c),
+               sd_id128_to_string(f->header->seqnum_id, c),
+               f->header->state == STATE_OFFLINE ? "offline" :
+               f->header->state == STATE_ONLINE ? "online" :
+               f->header->state == STATE_ARCHIVED ? "archived" : "unknown",
+               (f->header->compatible_flags & HEADER_COMPATIBLE_AUTHENTICATED) ? " AUTHENTICATED" : "",
+               (f->header->compatible_flags & ~HEADER_COMPATIBLE_AUTHENTICATED) ? " ???" : "",
+               (f->header->incompatible_flags & HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED) ? " COMPRESSED" : "",
+               (f->header->incompatible_flags & ~HEADER_INCOMPATIBLE_COMPRESSED) ? " ???" : "",
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->header_size),
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->arena_size),
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem),
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem),
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->n_objects),
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->n_entries),
+               yes_no(journal_file_rotate_suggested(f)),
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->head_seqnum),
+               (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->tail_seqnum),
+               format_timestamp(x, sizeof(x), le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime)),
+               format_timestamp(y, sizeof(y), le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime)));
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data))
+                printf("Data Objects: %llu\n"
+                       "Data Hash Table Fill: %.1f%%\n",
+                       (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->n_data),
+                       100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_data) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))));
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_fields))
+                printf("Field Objects: %llu\n"
+                       "Field Hash Table Fill: %.1f%%\n",
+                       (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->n_fields),
+                       100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_fields) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))));
+}
+
 int journal_file_open(
                 const char *fname,
                 int flags,
                 mode_t mode,
+                bool compress,
+                bool authenticate,
+                JournalMetrics *metrics,
                 JournalFile *template,
                 JournalFile **ret) {
 
@@ -1682,19 +2441,21 @@ int journal_file_open(
             (flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDWR)
                 return -EINVAL;
 
+        if (!endswith(fname, ".journal"))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
         f = new0(JournalFile, 1);
         if (!f)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
         f->fd = -1;
-        f->flags = flags;
         f->mode = mode;
-        f->writable = (flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY;
-        f->prot = prot_from_flags(flags);
 
-        f->metrics.max_size = DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE;
-        f->metrics.min_size = DEFAULT_MIN_SIZE;
-        f->metrics.keep_free = DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE;
+        f->flags = flags;
+        f->prot = prot_from_flags(flags);
+        f->writable = (flags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY;
+        f->compress = compress;
+        f->authenticate = authenticate;
 
         f->path = strdup(fname);
         if (!f->path) {
@@ -1716,6 +2477,12 @@ int journal_file_open(
         if (f->last_stat.st_size == 0 && f->writable) {
                 newly_created = true;
 
+                /* Try to load the FSPRG state, and if we can't, then
+                 * just don't do authentication */
+                r = journal_file_load_fsprg(f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        f->authenticate = false;
+
                 r = journal_file_init_header(f, template);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
@@ -1726,7 +2493,7 @@ int journal_file_open(
                 }
         }
 
-        if (f->last_stat.st_size < (off_t) sizeof(Header)) {
+        if (f->last_stat.st_size < (off_t) HEADER_SIZE_MIN) {
                 r = -EIO;
                 goto fail;
         }
@@ -1744,14 +2511,29 @@ int journal_file_open(
                         goto fail;
         }
 
+        if (!newly_created && f->writable) {
+                r = journal_file_load_fsprg(f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
+        }
+
         if (f->writable) {
+                if (metrics) {
+                        journal_default_metrics(metrics, f->fd);
+                        f->metrics = *metrics;
+                } else if (template)
+                        f->metrics = template->metrics;
+
                 r = journal_file_refresh_header(f);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
+
+                r = journal_file_setup_hmac(f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
         }
 
         if (newly_created) {
-
                 r = journal_file_setup_field_hash_table(f);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
@@ -1759,6 +2541,10 @@ int journal_file_open(
                 r = journal_file_setup_data_hash_table(f);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
+
+                r = journal_file_append_first_tag(f);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto fail;
         }
 
         r = journal_file_map_field_hash_table(f);
@@ -1780,7 +2566,7 @@ fail:
         return r;
 }
 
-int journal_file_rotate(JournalFile **f) {
+int journal_file_rotate(JournalFile **f, bool compress, bool authenticate) {
         char *p;
         size_t l;
         JournalFile *old_file, *new_file = NULL;
@@ -1799,7 +2585,7 @@ int journal_file_rotate(JournalFile **f) {
 
         l = strlen(old_file->path);
 
-        p = new(char, l + 1 + 16 + 1 + 32 + 1 + 16 + 1);
+        p = new(char, l + 1 + 32 + 1 + 16 + 1 + 16 + 1);
         if (!p)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -1808,7 +2594,7 @@ int journal_file_rotate(JournalFile **f) {
         sd_id128_to_string(old_file->header->seqnum_id, p + l - 8 + 1);
         snprintf(p + l - 8 + 1 + 32, 1 + 16 + 1 + 16 + 8 + 1,
                  "-%016llx-%016llx.journal",
-                 (unsigned long long) le64toh((*f)->header->seqnum),
+                 (unsigned long long) le64toh((*f)->header->tail_seqnum),
                  (unsigned long long) le64toh((*f)->header->tail_entry_realtime));
 
         r = rename(old_file->path, p);
@@ -1817,15 +2603,66 @@ int journal_file_rotate(JournalFile **f) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        old_file->header->state = le32toh(STATE_ARCHIVED);
+        old_file->header->state = STATE_ARCHIVED;
 
-        r = journal_file_open(old_file->path, old_file->flags, old_file->mode, old_file, &new_file);
+        r = journal_file_open(old_file->path, old_file->flags, old_file->mode, compress, authenticate, NULL, old_file, &new_file);
         journal_file_close(old_file);
 
         *f = new_file;
         return r;
 }
 
+int journal_file_open_reliably(
+                const char *fname,
+                int flags,
+                mode_t mode,
+                bool compress,
+                bool authenticate,
+                JournalMetrics *metrics,
+                JournalFile *template,
+                JournalFile **ret) {
+
+        int r;
+        size_t l;
+        char *p;
+
+        r = journal_file_open(fname, flags, mode, compress, authenticate, metrics, template, ret);
+        if (r != -EBADMSG && /* corrupted */
+            r != -ENODATA && /* truncated */
+            r != -EHOSTDOWN && /* other machine */
+            r != -EPROTONOSUPPORT && /* incompatible feature */
+            r != -EBUSY && /* unclean shutdown */
+            r != -ESHUTDOWN /* already archived */)
+                return r;
+
+        if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY)
+                return r;
+
+        if (!(flags & O_CREAT))
+                return r;
+
+        if (!endswith(fname, ".journal"))
+                return r;
+
+        /* The file is corrupted. Rotate it away and try it again (but only once) */
+
+        l = strlen(fname);
+        if (asprintf(&p, "%.*s@%016llx-%016llx.journal~",
+                     (int) (l-8), fname,
+                     (unsigned long long) now(CLOCK_REALTIME),
+                     random_ull()) < 0)
+                return -ENOMEM;
+
+        r = rename(fname, p);
+        free(p);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return -errno;
+
+        log_warning("File %s corrupted or uncleanly shut down, renaming and replacing.", fname);
+
+        return journal_file_open(fname, flags, mode, compress, authenticate, metrics, template, ret);
+}
+
 struct vacuum_info {
         off_t usage;
         char *filename;
@@ -1833,6 +2670,8 @@ struct vacuum_info {
         uint64_t realtime;
         sd_id128_t seqnum_id;
         uint64_t seqnum;
+
+        bool have_seqnum;
 };
 
 static int vacuum_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b) {
@@ -1841,7 +2680,8 @@ static int vacuum_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b) {
         a = _a;
         b = _b;
 
-        if (sd_id128_equal(a->seqnum_id, b->seqnum_id)) {
+        if (a->have_seqnum && b->have_seqnum &&
+            sd_id128_equal(a->seqnum_id, b->seqnum_id)) {
                 if (a->seqnum < b->seqnum)
                         return -1;
                 else if (a->seqnum > b->seqnum)
@@ -1854,8 +2694,10 @@ static int vacuum_compare(const void *_a, const void *_b) {
                 return -1;
         else if (a->realtime > b->realtime)
                 return 1;
-        else
+        else if (a->have_seqnum && b->have_seqnum)
                 return memcmp(&a->seqnum_id, &b->seqnum_id, 16);
+        else
+                return strcmp(a->filename, b->filename);
 }
 
 int journal_directory_vacuum(const char *directory, uint64_t max_use, uint64_t min_free) {
@@ -1868,7 +2710,7 @@ int journal_directory_vacuum(const char *directory, uint64_t max_use, uint64_t m
         assert(directory);
 
         if (max_use <= 0)
-                max_use = DEFAULT_MAX_USE;
+                return 0;
 
         d = opendir(directory);
         if (!d)
@@ -1880,8 +2722,9 @@ int journal_directory_vacuum(const char *directory, uint64_t max_use, uint64_t m
                 size_t q;
                 struct stat st;
                 char *p;
-                unsigned long long seqnum, realtime;
+                unsigned long long seqnum = 0, realtime;
                 sd_id128_t seqnum_id;
+                bool have_seqnum;
 
                 k = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de);
                 if (k != 0) {
@@ -1892,41 +2735,71 @@ int journal_directory_vacuum(const char *directory, uint64_t max_use, uint64_t m
                 if (!de)
                         break;
 
-                if (!dirent_is_file_with_suffix(de, ".journal"))
+                if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
+                        continue;
+
+                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
                         continue;
 
                 q = strlen(de->d_name);
 
-                if (q < 1 + 32 + 1 + 16 + 1 + 16 + 8)
-                        continue;
+                if (endswith(de->d_name, ".journal")) {
 
-                if (de->d_name[q-8-16-1] != '-' ||
-                    de->d_name[q-8-16-1-16-1] != '-' ||
-                    de->d_name[q-8-16-1-16-1-32-1] != '@')
-                        continue;
+                        /* Vacuum archived files */
 
-                if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
-                        continue;
+                        if (q < 1 + 32 + 1 + 16 + 1 + 16 + 8)
+                                continue;
 
-                if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
-                        continue;
+                        if (de->d_name[q-8-16-1] != '-' ||
+                            de->d_name[q-8-16-1-16-1] != '-' ||
+                            de->d_name[q-8-16-1-16-1-32-1] != '@')
+                                continue;
 
-                p = strdup(de->d_name);
-                if (!p) {
-                        r = -ENOMEM;
-                        goto finish;
-                }
+                        p = strdup(de->d_name);
+                        if (!p) {
+                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
 
-                de->d_name[q-8-16-1-16-1] = 0;
-                if (sd_id128_from_string(de->d_name + q-8-16-1-16-1-32, &seqnum_id) < 0) {
-                        free(p);
-                        continue;
-                }
+                        de->d_name[q-8-16-1-16-1] = 0;
+                        if (sd_id128_from_string(de->d_name + q-8-16-1-16-1-32, &seqnum_id) < 0) {
+                                free(p);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        if (sscanf(de->d_name + q-8-16-1-16, "%16llx-%16llx.journal", &seqnum, &realtime) != 2) {
+                                free(p);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        have_seqnum = true;
+
+                } else if (endswith(de->d_name, ".journal~")) {
+                        unsigned long long tmp;
+
+                        /* Vacuum corrupted files */
 
-                if (sscanf(de->d_name + q-8-16-1-16, "%16llx-%16llx.journal", &seqnum, &realtime) != 2) {
-                        free(p);
+                        if (q < 1 + 16 + 1 + 16 + 8 + 1)
+                                continue;
+
+                        if (de->d_name[q-1-8-16-1] != '-' ||
+                            de->d_name[q-1-8-16-1-16-1] != '@')
+                                continue;
+
+                        p = strdup(de->d_name);
+                        if (!p) {
+                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+
+                        if (sscanf(de->d_name + q-1-8-16-1-16, "%16llx-%16llx.journal~", &realtime, &tmp) != 2) {
+                                free(p);
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        have_seqnum = false;
+                } else
                         continue;
-                }
 
                 if (n_list >= n_allocated) {
                         struct vacuum_info *j;
@@ -1943,17 +2816,19 @@ int journal_directory_vacuum(const char *directory, uint64_t max_use, uint64_t m
                 }
 
                 list[n_list].filename = p;
-                list[n_list].usage = (uint64_t) st.st_blksize * (uint64_t) st.st_blocks;
+                list[n_list].usage = 512UL * (uint64_t) st.st_blocks;
                 list[n_list].seqnum = seqnum;
                 list[n_list].realtime = realtime;
                 list[n_list].seqnum_id = seqnum_id;
+                list[n_list].have_seqnum = have_seqnum;
 
                 sum += list[n_list].usage;
 
                 n_list ++;
         }
 
-        qsort(list, n_list, sizeof(struct vacuum_info), vacuum_compare);
+        if (n_list > 0)
+                qsort(list, n_list, sizeof(struct vacuum_info), vacuum_compare);
 
         for(i = 0; i < n_list; i++) {
                 struct statvfs ss;
@@ -1968,7 +2843,7 @@ int journal_directory_vacuum(const char *directory, uint64_t max_use, uint64_t m
                         break;
 
                 if (unlinkat(dirfd(d), list[i].filename, 0) >= 0) {
-                        log_debug("Deleted archived journal %s/%s.", directory, list[i].filename);
+                        log_info("Deleted archived journal %s/%s.", directory, list[i].filename);
                         sum -= list[i].usage;
                 } else if (errno != ENOENT)
                         log_warning("Failed to delete %s/%s: %m", directory, list[i].filename);
@@ -1985,3 +2860,265 @@ finish:
 
         return r;
 }
+
+int journal_file_copy_entry(JournalFile *from, JournalFile *to, Object *o, uint64_t p, uint64_t *seqnum, Object **ret, uint64_t *offset) {
+        uint64_t i, n;
+        uint64_t q, xor_hash = 0;
+        int r;
+        EntryItem *items;
+        dual_timestamp ts;
+
+        assert(from);
+        assert(to);
+        assert(o);
+        assert(p);
+
+        if (!to->writable)
+                return -EPERM;
+
+        ts.monotonic = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
+        ts.realtime = le64toh(o->entry.realtime);
+
+        if (to->tail_entry_monotonic_valid &&
+            ts.monotonic < le64toh(to->header->tail_entry_monotonic))
+                return -EINVAL;
+
+        n = journal_file_entry_n_items(o);
+        items = alloca(sizeof(EntryItem) * n);
+
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+                uint64_t l, h;
+                le64_t le_hash;
+                size_t t;
+                void *data;
+                Object *u;
+
+                q = le64toh(o->entry.items[i].object_offset);
+                le_hash = o->entry.items[i].hash;
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(from, OBJECT_DATA, q, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                if (le_hash != o->data.hash)
+                        return -EBADMSG;
+
+                l = le64toh(o->object.size) - offsetof(Object, data.payload);
+                t = (size_t) l;
+
+                /* We hit the limit on 32bit machines */
+                if ((uint64_t) t != l)
+                        return -E2BIG;
+
+                if (o->object.flags & OBJECT_COMPRESSED) {
+#ifdef HAVE_XZ
+                        uint64_t rsize;
+
+                        if (!uncompress_blob(o->data.payload, l, &from->compress_buffer, &from->compress_buffer_size, &rsize))
+                                return -EBADMSG;
+
+                        data = from->compress_buffer;
+                        l = rsize;
+#else
+                        return -EPROTONOSUPPORT;
+#endif
+                } else
+                        data = o->data.payload;
+
+                r = journal_file_append_data(to, data, l, &u, &h);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                xor_hash ^= le64toh(u->data.hash);
+                items[i].object_offset = htole64(h);
+                items[i].hash = u->data.hash;
+
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(from, OBJECT_ENTRY, p, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+        }
+
+        return journal_file_append_entry_internal(to, &ts, xor_hash, items, n, seqnum, ret, offset);
+}
+
+void journal_default_metrics(JournalMetrics *m, int fd) {
+        uint64_t fs_size = 0;
+        struct statvfs ss;
+        char a[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], b[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], c[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX], d[FORMAT_BYTES_MAX];
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(fd >= 0);
+
+        if (fstatvfs(fd, &ss) >= 0)
+                fs_size = ss.f_frsize * ss.f_blocks;
+
+        if (m->max_use == (uint64_t) -1) {
+
+                if (fs_size > 0) {
+                        m->max_use = PAGE_ALIGN(fs_size / 10); /* 10% of file system size */
+
+                        if (m->max_use > DEFAULT_MAX_USE_UPPER)
+                                m->max_use = DEFAULT_MAX_USE_UPPER;
+
+                        if (m->max_use < DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER)
+                                m->max_use = DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER;
+                } else
+                        m->max_use = DEFAULT_MAX_USE_LOWER;
+        } else {
+                m->max_use = PAGE_ALIGN(m->max_use);
+
+                if (m->max_use < JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN*2)
+                        m->max_use = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN*2;
+        }
+
+        if (m->max_size == (uint64_t) -1) {
+                m->max_size = PAGE_ALIGN(m->max_use / 8); /* 8 chunks */
+
+                if (m->max_size > DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE_UPPER)
+                        m->max_size = DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE_UPPER;
+        } else
+                m->max_size = PAGE_ALIGN(m->max_size);
+
+        if (m->max_size < JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN)
+                m->max_size = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN;
+
+        if (m->max_size*2 > m->max_use)
+                m->max_use = m->max_size*2;
+
+        if (m->min_size == (uint64_t) -1)
+                m->min_size = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN;
+        else {
+                m->min_size = PAGE_ALIGN(m->min_size);
+
+                if (m->min_size < JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN)
+                        m->min_size = JOURNAL_FILE_SIZE_MIN;
+
+                if (m->min_size > m->max_size)
+                        m->max_size = m->min_size;
+        }
+
+        if (m->keep_free == (uint64_t) -1) {
+
+                if (fs_size > 0) {
+                        m->keep_free = PAGE_ALIGN(fs_size / 20); /* 5% of file system size */
+
+                        if (m->keep_free > DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE_UPPER)
+                                m->keep_free = DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE_UPPER;
+
+                } else
+                        m->keep_free = DEFAULT_KEEP_FREE;
+        }
+
+        log_info("Fixed max_use=%s max_size=%s min_size=%s keep_free=%s",
+                 format_bytes(a, sizeof(a), m->max_use),
+                 format_bytes(b, sizeof(b), m->max_size),
+                 format_bytes(c, sizeof(c), m->min_size),
+                 format_bytes(d, sizeof(d), m->keep_free));
+}
+
+int journal_file_get_cutoff_realtime_usec(JournalFile *f, usec_t *from, usec_t *to) {
+        assert(f);
+        assert(from || to);
+
+        if (from) {
+                if (f->header->head_entry_realtime == 0)
+                        return -ENOENT;
+
+                *from = le64toh(f->header->head_entry_realtime);
+        }
+
+        if (to) {
+                if (f->header->tail_entry_realtime == 0)
+                        return -ENOENT;
+
+                *to = le64toh(f->header->tail_entry_realtime);
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+int journal_file_get_cutoff_monotonic_usec(JournalFile *f, sd_id128_t boot_id, usec_t *from, usec_t *to) {
+        char t[9+32+1] = "_BOOT_ID=";
+        Object *o;
+        uint64_t p;
+        int r;
+
+        assert(f);
+        assert(from || to);
+
+        sd_id128_to_string(boot_id, t + 9);
+
+        r = journal_file_find_data_object(f, t, strlen(t), &o, &p);
+        if (r <= 0)
+                return r;
+
+        if (le64toh(o->data.n_entries) <= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (from) {
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_ENTRY, le64toh(o->data.entry_offset), &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                *from = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
+        }
+
+        if (to) {
+                r = journal_file_move_to_object(f, OBJECT_DATA, p, &o);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = generic_array_get_plus_one(f,
+                                               le64toh(o->data.entry_offset),
+                                               le64toh(o->data.entry_array_offset),
+                                               le64toh(o->data.n_entries)-1,
+                                               &o, NULL);
+                if (r <= 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                *to = le64toh(o->entry.monotonic);
+        }
+
+        return 1;
+}
+
+bool journal_file_rotate_suggested(JournalFile *f) {
+        assert(f);
+
+        /* If we gained new header fields we gained new features,
+         * hence suggest a rotation */
+        if (le64toh(f->header->header_size) < sizeof(Header)) {
+                log_debug("%s uses an outdated header, suggesting rotation.", f->path);
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        /* Let's check if the hash tables grew over a certain fill
+         * level (75%, borrowing this value from Java's hash table
+         * implementation), and if so suggest a rotation. To calculate
+         * the fill level we need the n_data field, which only exists
+         * in newer versions. */
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_data))
+                if (le64toh(f->header->n_data) * 4ULL > (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem)) * 3ULL) {
+                        log_debug("Data hash table of %s has a fill level at %.1f (%llu of %llu items, %llu file size, %llu bytes per hash table item), suggesting rotation.",
+                                  f->path,
+                                  100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_data) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))),
+                                  (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->n_data),
+                                  (unsigned long long) (le64toh(f->header->data_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem)),
+                                  (unsigned long long) (f->last_stat.st_size),
+                                  (unsigned long long) (f->last_stat.st_size / le64toh(f->header->n_data)));
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+        if (JOURNAL_HEADER_CONTAINS(f->header, n_fields))
+                if (le64toh(f->header->n_fields) * 4ULL > (le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem)) * 3ULL) {
+                        log_debug("Field hash table of %s has a fill level at %.1f (%llu of %llu items), suggesting rotation.",
+                                  f->path,
+                                  100.0 * (double) le64toh(f->header->n_fields) / ((double) (le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem))),
+                                  (unsigned long long) le64toh(f->header->n_fields),
+                                  (unsigned long long) (le64toh(f->header->field_hash_table_size) / sizeof(HashItem)));
+                        return true;
+                }
+
+        return false;
+}