chiark / gitweb /
manager: don't do plymouth in a container
[elogind.git] / src / core / service.c
index 017d292a8b70d3db51003c45b5ec1d7171c50a90..d9e525e48545c4a7b35f6a15cc65d10e194b5c1b 100644 (file)
 #include "unit-printf.h"
 #include "dbus-service.h"
 #include "special.h"
-#include "bus-errors.h"
 #include "exit-status.h"
 #include "def.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "utf8.h"
+#include "env-util.h"
+#include "fileio.h"
+#include "bus-error.h"
+#include "bus-util.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
 
@@ -116,20 +119,21 @@ static const UnitActiveState state_translation_table_idle[_SERVICE_STATE_MAX] =
         [SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART] = UNIT_ACTIVATING
 };
 
+static int service_dispatch_io(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t events, void *userdata);
+static int service_dispatch_timer(sd_event_source *source, usec_t usec, void *userdata);
+static int service_dispatch_watchdog(sd_event_source *source, usec_t usec, void *userdata);
+
 static void service_init(Unit *u) {
         Service *s = SERVICE(u);
 
         assert(u);
         assert(u->load_state == UNIT_STUB);
 
-        s->timeout_start_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
-        s->timeout_stop_usec = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC;
-        s->restart_usec = DEFAULT_RESTART_USEC;
+        s->timeout_start_usec = u->manager->default_timeout_start_usec;
+        s->timeout_stop_usec = u->manager->default_timeout_stop_usec;
+        s->restart_usec = u->manager->default_restart_usec;
         s->type = _SERVICE_TYPE_INVALID;
 
-        watch_init(&s->watchdog_watch);
-        watch_init(&s->timer_watch);
-
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
         s->sysv_start_priority = -1;
         s->sysv_start_priority_from_rcnd = -1;
@@ -139,8 +143,11 @@ static void service_init(Unit *u) {
 
         exec_context_init(&s->exec_context);
         kill_context_init(&s->kill_context);
+        cgroup_context_init(&s->cgroup_context);
 
-        RATELIMIT_INIT(s->start_limit, 10*USEC_PER_SEC, 5);
+        RATELIMIT_INIT(s->start_limit,
+                       u->manager->default_start_limit_interval,
+                       u->manager->default_start_limit_burst);
 
         s->control_command_id = _SERVICE_EXEC_COMMAND_INVALID;
 }
@@ -171,7 +178,7 @@ static void service_unwatch_pid_file(Service *s) {
 
         log_debug_unit(UNIT(s)->id, "Stopping watch for %s's PID file %s",
                        UNIT(s)->id, s->pid_file_pathspec->path);
-        path_spec_unwatch(s->pid_file_pathspec, UNIT(s));
+        path_spec_unwatch(s->pid_file_pathspec);
         path_spec_done(s->pid_file_pathspec);
         free(s->pid_file_pathspec);
         s->pid_file_pathspec = NULL;
@@ -188,6 +195,14 @@ static int service_set_main_pid(Service *s, pid_t pid) {
         if (pid == getpid())
                 return -EINVAL;
 
+        if (s->main_pid == pid && s->main_pid_known)
+                return 0;
+
+        if (s->main_pid != pid) {
+                service_unwatch_main_pid(s);
+                exec_status_start(&s->main_exec_status, pid);
+        }
+
         s->main_pid = pid;
         s->main_pid_known = true;
 
@@ -200,8 +215,6 @@ static int service_set_main_pid(Service *s, pid_t pid) {
         } else
                 s->main_pid_alien = false;
 
-        exec_status_start(&s->main_exec_status, pid);
-
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -218,7 +231,7 @@ static void service_close_socket_fd(Service *s) {
 static void service_connection_unref(Service *s) {
         assert(s);
 
-        if (!UNIT_DEREF(s->accept_socket))
+        if (!UNIT_ISSET(s->accept_socket))
                 return;
 
         socket_connection_unref(SOCKET(UNIT_DEREF(s->accept_socket)));
@@ -228,15 +241,14 @@ static void service_connection_unref(Service *s) {
 static void service_stop_watchdog(Service *s) {
         assert(s);
 
-        unit_unwatch_timer(UNIT(s), &s->watchdog_watch);
-        s->watchdog_timestamp.realtime = 0;
-        s->watchdog_timestamp.monotonic = 0;
+        s->watchdog_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(s->watchdog_event_source);
+        s->watchdog_timestamp = (struct dual_timestamp) { 0, 0 };
 }
 
-static void service_enter_dead(Service *s, ServiceResult f, bool allow_restart);
+static void service_enter_signal(Service *s, ServiceState state, ServiceResult f);
 
 static void service_handle_watchdog(Service *s) {
-        usec_t offset;
+        usec_t nw;
         int r;
 
         assert(s);
@@ -244,14 +256,24 @@ static void service_handle_watchdog(Service *s) {
         if (s->watchdog_usec == 0)
                 return;
 
-        offset = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - s->watchdog_timestamp.monotonic;
-        if (offset >= s->watchdog_usec) {
+        nw = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+        if (nw >=  s->watchdog_timestamp.monotonic + s->watchdog_usec) {
                 log_error_unit(UNIT(s)->id, "%s watchdog timeout!", UNIT(s)->id);
-                service_enter_dead(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_WATCHDOG, true);
+                service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_STOP_SIGKILL, SERVICE_FAILURE_WATCHDOG);
                 return;
         }
 
-        r = unit_watch_timer(UNIT(s), CLOCK_MONOTONIC, true, s->watchdog_usec - offset, &s->watchdog_watch);
+        if (s->watchdog_event_source) {
+                r = sd_event_source_set_time(s->watchdog_event_source, s->watchdog_timestamp.monotonic + s->watchdog_usec);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id, "%s failed to reset watchdog timer: %s", UNIT(s)->id, strerror(-r));
+                        return;
+                }
+
+                r = sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->watchdog_event_source, SD_EVENT_ON);
+        } else
+                r = sd_event_add_monotonic(UNIT(s)->manager->event, s->watchdog_timestamp.monotonic + s->watchdog_usec, 0, service_dispatch_watchdog, s, &s->watchdog_event_source);
+
         if (r < 0)
                 log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                                  "%s failed to install watchdog timer: %s",
@@ -281,7 +303,8 @@ static void service_done(Unit *u) {
         free(s->status_text);
         s->status_text = NULL;
 
-        exec_context_done(&s->exec_context);
+        cgroup_context_done(&s->cgroup_context);
+        exec_context_done(&s->exec_context, manager_is_reloading_or_reexecuting(u->manager));
         exec_command_free_array(s->exec_command, _SERVICE_EXEC_COMMAND_MAX);
         s->control_command = NULL;
         s->main_command = NULL;
@@ -315,22 +338,41 @@ static void service_done(Unit *u) {
 
         service_stop_watchdog(s);
 
-        unit_unwatch_timer(u, &s->timer_watch);
+        s->timer_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(s->timer_event_source);
+}
+
+static int service_arm_timer(Service *s, usec_t usec) {
+        int r;
+
+        assert(s);
+
+        if (usec <= 0) {
+                s->timer_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(s->timer_event_source);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        if (s->timer_event_source) {
+                r = sd_event_source_set_time(s->timer_event_source, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + usec);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                return sd_event_source_set_enabled(s->timer_event_source, SD_EVENT_ONESHOT);
+        }
+
+        return sd_event_add_monotonic(UNIT(s)->manager->event, now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + usec, 0, service_dispatch_timer, s, &s->timer_event_source);
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
 static char *sysv_translate_name(const char *name) {
         char *r;
 
-        if (!(r = new(char, strlen(name) + sizeof(".service"))))
+        r = new(char, strlen(name) + sizeof(".service"));
+        if (!r)
                 return NULL;
 
         if (endswith(name, ".sh"))
                 /* Drop .sh suffix */
                 strcpy(stpcpy(r, name) - 3, ".service");
-        if (startswith(name, "rc."))
-                /* Drop rc. prefix */
-                strcpy(stpcpy(r, name + 3), ".service");
         else
                 /* Normal init script name */
                 strcpy(stpcpy(r, name), ".service");
@@ -348,16 +390,12 @@ static int sysv_translate_facility(const char *name, const char *filename, char
 
         static const char * const table[] = {
                 /* LSB defined facilities */
-                "local_fs",             SPECIAL_LOCAL_FS_TARGET,
-                /* Due to unfortunate name selection in Mandriva,
-                 * $network is provided by network-up which is ordered
-                 * after network which actually starts interfaces.
-                 * To break the loop, just ignore it */
+                "local_fs",             NULL,
                 "network",              SPECIAL_NETWORK_TARGET,
                 "named",                SPECIAL_NSS_LOOKUP_TARGET,
                 "portmap",              SPECIAL_RPCBIND_TARGET,
                 "remote_fs",            SPECIAL_REMOTE_FS_TARGET,
-                "syslog",               SPECIAL_SYSLOG_TARGET,
+                "syslog",               NULL,
                 "time",                 SPECIAL_TIME_SYNC_TARGET,
         };
 
@@ -378,8 +416,9 @@ static int sysv_translate_facility(const char *name, const char *filename, char
                 if (!table[i+1])
                         return 0;
 
-                if (!(r = strdup(table[i+1])))
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+                r = strdup(table[i+1]);
+                if (!r)
+                        return log_oom();
 
                 goto finish;
         }
@@ -765,7 +804,7 @@ static int service_load_sysv_path(Service *s, const char *path) {
                                                 continue;
 
                                         if (unit_name_to_type(m) == UNIT_SERVICE)
-                                                r = unit_add_name(u, m);
+                                                r = unit_merge_by_name(u, m);
                                         else
                                                 /* NB: SysV targets
                                                  * which are provided
@@ -984,10 +1023,8 @@ static int service_load_sysv_name(Service *s, const char *name) {
         assert(s);
         assert(name);
 
-        /* For SysV services we strip the rc.* and *.sh
-         * prefixes/suffixes. */
-        if (startswith(name, "rc.") ||
-            endswith(name, ".sh.service"))
+        /* For SysV services we strip the *.sh suffixes. */
+        if (endswith(name, ".sh.service"))
                 return -ENOENT;
 
         STRV_FOREACH(p, UNIT(s)->manager->lookup_paths.sysvinit_path) {
@@ -1010,19 +1047,6 @@ static int service_load_sysv_name(Service *s, const char *name) {
                 }
                 free(path);
 
-                if (r >= 0 && UNIT(s)->load_state == UNIT_STUB) {
-                        /* Try rc.* init scripts */
-
-                        path = strjoin(*p, "/rc.", name, NULL);
-                        if (!path)
-                                return -ENOMEM;
-
-                        /* Drop .service suffix */
-                        path[strlen(path)-8] = 0;
-                        r = service_load_sysv_path(s, path);
-                        free(path);
-                }
-
                 if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
@@ -1066,47 +1090,6 @@ static int service_load_sysv(Service *s) {
 }
 #endif
 
-static int fsck_fix_order(Service *s) {
-        Unit *other;
-        int r;
-
-        assert(s);
-
-        if (s->fsck_passno <= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        /* For each pair of services where both have an fsck priority
-         * we order things based on it. */
-
-        LIST_FOREACH(units_by_type, other, UNIT(s)->manager->units_by_type[UNIT_SERVICE]) {
-                Service *t;
-                UnitDependency d;
-
-                t = SERVICE(other);
-
-                if (s == t)
-                        continue;
-
-                if (UNIT(t)->load_state != UNIT_LOADED)
-                        continue;
-
-                if (t->fsck_passno <= 0)
-                        continue;
-
-                if (t->fsck_passno < s->fsck_passno)
-                        d = UNIT_AFTER;
-                else if (t->fsck_passno > s->fsck_passno)
-                        d = UNIT_BEFORE;
-                else
-                        continue;
-
-                if ((r = unit_add_dependency(UNIT(s), d, UNIT(t), true)) < 0)
-                        return r;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
 static int service_verify(Service *s) {
         assert(s);
 
@@ -1126,6 +1109,12 @@ static int service_verify(Service *s) {
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
+        if (s->type == SERVICE_ONESHOT && s->restart != SERVICE_RESTART_NO) {
+                log_error_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                "%s has Restart setting other than no, which isn't allowed for Type=oneshot services. Refusing.", UNIT(s)->id);
+                return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
         if (s->type == SERVICE_DBUS && !s->bus_name) {
                 log_error_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                                "%s is of type D-Bus but no D-Bus service name has been specified. Refusing.", UNIT(s)->id);
@@ -1155,18 +1144,32 @@ static int service_add_default_dependencies(Service *s) {
 
         /* First, pull in base system */
         if (UNIT(s)->manager->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
-
-                if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES, SPECIAL_BASIC_TARGET, NULL, true)) < 0)
+                r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES,
+                                                      SPECIAL_BASIC_TARGET, NULL, true);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
         } else if (UNIT(s)->manager->running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
+                r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES,
+                                                      SPECIAL_SOCKETS_TARGET, NULL, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
+                r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES,
+                                                      SPECIAL_TIMERS_TARGET, NULL, true);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
 
-                if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES, SPECIAL_SOCKETS_TARGET, NULL, true)) < 0)
+                r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES,
+                                                      SPECIAL_PATHS_TARGET, NULL, true);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
         }
 
         /* Second, activate normal shutdown */
-        return unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_BEFORE, UNIT_CONFLICTS, SPECIAL_SHUTDOWN_TARGET, NULL, true);
+        r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(UNIT(s), UNIT_BEFORE, UNIT_CONFLICTS,
+                                              SPECIAL_SHUTDOWN_TARGET, NULL, true);
+        return r;
 }
 
 static void service_fix_output(Service *s) {
@@ -1194,27 +1197,32 @@ static int service_load(Unit *u) {
         assert(s);
 
         /* Load a .service file */
-        if ((r = unit_load_fragment(u)) < 0)
+        r = unit_load_fragment(u);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
         /* Load a classic init script as a fallback, if we couldn't find anything */
-        if (u->load_state == UNIT_STUB)
-                if ((r = service_load_sysv(s)) < 0)
+        if (u->load_state == UNIT_STUB) {
+                r = service_load_sysv(s);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
+        }
 #endif
 
         /* Still nothing found? Then let's give up */
         if (u->load_state == UNIT_STUB)
                 return -ENOENT;
 
-        /* We were able to load something, then let's add in the
-         * dropin directories. */
-        if ((r = unit_load_dropin(unit_follow_merge(u))) < 0)
-                return r;
-
         /* This is a new unit? Then let's add in some extras */
         if (u->load_state == UNIT_LOADED) {
+
+                /* We were able to load something, then let's add in
+                 * the dropin directories. */
+                r = unit_load_dropin(u);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        return r;
+
                 if (s->type == _SERVICE_TYPE_INVALID)
                         s->type = s->bus_name ? SERVICE_DBUS : SERVICE_SIMPLE;
 
@@ -1224,23 +1232,25 @@ static int service_load(Unit *u) {
 
                 service_fix_output(s);
 
-                if ((r = unit_add_exec_dependencies(u, &s->exec_context)) < 0)
+                r = unit_add_exec_dependencies(u, &s->exec_context);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
-                if ((r = unit_add_default_cgroups(u)) < 0)
+                r = unit_add_default_slice(u);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
-                if ((r = sysv_fix_order(s)) < 0)
+                r = sysv_fix_order(s);
+                if (r < 0)
                         return r;
 #endif
 
-                if ((r = fsck_fix_order(s)) < 0)
-                        return r;
-
-                if (s->bus_name)
-                        if ((r = unit_watch_bus_name(u, s->bus_name)) < 0)
+                if (s->bus_name) {
+                        r = unit_watch_bus_name(u, s->bus_name);
+                        if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
+                }
 
                 if (s->type == SERVICE_NOTIFY && s->notify_access == NOTIFY_NONE)
                         s->notify_access = NOTIFY_MAIN;
@@ -1248,13 +1258,18 @@ static int service_load(Unit *u) {
                 if (s->watchdog_usec > 0 && s->notify_access == NOTIFY_NONE)
                         s->notify_access = NOTIFY_MAIN;
 
-                if (s->type == SERVICE_DBUS || s->bus_name)
-                        if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(u, UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES, SPECIAL_DBUS_SOCKET, NULL, true)) < 0)
+                if (s->type == SERVICE_DBUS || s->bus_name) {
+                        r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(u, UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_REQUIRES,
+                                                              SPECIAL_DBUS_SOCKET, NULL, true);
+                        if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
+                }
 
-                if (UNIT(s)->default_dependencies)
-                        if ((r = service_add_default_dependencies(s)) < 0)
+                if (UNIT(s)->default_dependencies) {
+                        r = service_add_default_dependencies(s);
+                        if (r < 0)
                                 return r;
+                }
 
                 r = unit_exec_context_defaults(u, &s->exec_context);
                 if (r < 0)
@@ -1269,7 +1284,7 @@ static void service_dump(Unit *u, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
         ServiceExecCommand c;
         Service *s = SERVICE(u);
         const char *prefix2;
-        char *p2;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p2 = NULL;
 
         assert(s);
 
@@ -1356,20 +1371,13 @@ static void service_dump(Unit *u, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
                         prefix, s->sysv_runlevels);
 #endif
 
-        if (s->fsck_passno > 0)
-                fprintf(f,
-                        "%sFsckPassNo: %i\n",
-                        prefix, s->fsck_passno);
-
         if (s->status_text)
                 fprintf(f, "%sStatus Text: %s\n",
                         prefix, s->status_text);
-
-        free(p2);
 }
 
 static int service_load_pid_file(Service *s, bool may_warn) {
-        char *k;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *k = NULL;
         int r;
         pid_t pid;
 
@@ -1378,7 +1386,8 @@ static int service_load_pid_file(Service *s, bool may_warn) {
         if (!s->pid_file)
                 return -ENOENT;
 
-        if ((r = read_one_line_file(s->pid_file, &k)) < 0) {
+        r = read_one_line_file(s->pid_file, &k);
+        if (r < 0) {
                 if (may_warn)
                         log_info_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                                       "PID file %s not readable (yet?) after %s.",
@@ -1387,10 +1396,13 @@ static int service_load_pid_file(Service *s, bool may_warn) {
         }
 
         r = parse_pid(k, &pid);
-        free(k);
-
-        if (r < 0)
+        if (r < 0) {
+                if (may_warn)
+                        log_info_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                      "Failed to read PID from file %s: %s",
+                                      s->pid_file, strerror(-r));
                 return r;
+        }
 
         if (kill(pid, 0) < 0 && errno != EPERM) {
                 if (may_warn)
@@ -1413,12 +1425,18 @@ static int service_load_pid_file(Service *s, bool may_warn) {
                 log_debug_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                                "Main PID loaded: %lu", (unsigned long) pid);
 
-        if ((r = service_set_main_pid(s, pid)) < 0)
+        r = service_set_main_pid(s, pid);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if ((r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid)) < 0)
+        r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid);
+        if (r < 0) {
                 /* FIXME: we need to do something here */
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "Failed to watch PID %lu from service %s",
+                                 (unsigned long) pid, UNIT(s)->id);
                 return r;
+        }
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -1439,39 +1457,27 @@ static int service_search_main_pid(Service *s) {
 
         assert(s->main_pid <= 0);
 
-        if ((pid = cgroup_bonding_search_main_pid_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings)) <= 0)
+        pid = unit_search_main_pid(UNIT(s));
+        if (pid <= 0)
                 return -ENOENT;
 
         log_debug_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                        "Main PID guessed: %lu", (unsigned long) pid);
-        if ((r = service_set_main_pid(s, pid)) < 0)
+        r = service_set_main_pid(s, pid);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        if ((r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid)) < 0)
+        r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid);
+        if (r < 0)
                 /* FIXME: we need to do something here */
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "Failed to watch PID %lu from service %s",
+                                 (unsigned long) pid, UNIT(s)->id);
                 return r;
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-static void service_notify_sockets_dead(Service *s, bool failed_permanent) {
-        Iterator i;
-        Unit *u;
-
-        assert(s);
-
-        /* Notifies all our sockets when we die */
-
-        if (s->socket_fd >= 0)
-                return;
-
-        SET_FOREACH(u, UNIT(s)->dependencies[UNIT_TRIGGERED_BY], i)
-                if (u->type == UNIT_SOCKET)
-                        socket_notify_service_dead(SOCKET(u), failed_permanent);
-
-        return;
-}
-
 static void service_set_state(Service *s, ServiceState state) {
         ServiceState old_state;
         const UnitActiveState *table;
@@ -1495,7 +1501,7 @@ static void service_set_state(Service *s, ServiceState state) {
             state != SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM &&
             state != SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL &&
             state != SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART)
-                unit_unwatch_timer(UNIT(s), &s->timer_watch);
+                s->timer_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(s->timer_event_source);
 
         if (state != SERVICE_START &&
             state != SERVICE_START_POST &&
@@ -1523,17 +1529,6 @@ static void service_set_state(Service *s, ServiceState state) {
                 s->control_command_id = _SERVICE_EXEC_COMMAND_INVALID;
         }
 
-        if (state == SERVICE_DEAD ||
-            state == SERVICE_STOP ||
-            state == SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM ||
-            state == SERVICE_STOP_SIGKILL ||
-            state == SERVICE_STOP_POST ||
-            state == SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM ||
-            state == SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL ||
-            state == SERVICE_FAILED ||
-            state == SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART)
-                service_notify_sockets_dead(s, false);
-
         if (state != SERVICE_START_PRE &&
             state != SERVICE_START &&
             state != SERVICE_START_POST &&
@@ -1550,13 +1545,29 @@ static void service_set_state(Service *s, ServiceState state) {
                 service_connection_unref(s);
         }
 
-        if (state == SERVICE_STOP)
+        if (state == SERVICE_STOP || state == SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM)
                 service_stop_watchdog(s);
 
         /* For the inactive states unit_notify() will trim the cgroup,
          * but for exit we have to do that ourselves... */
         if (state == SERVICE_EXITED && UNIT(s)->manager->n_reloading <= 0)
-                cgroup_bonding_trim_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings, true);
+                unit_destroy_cgroup(UNIT(s));
+
+        /* For remain_after_exit services, let's see if we can "release" the
+         * hold on the console, since unit_notify() only does that in case of
+         * change of state */
+        if (state == SERVICE_EXITED && s->remain_after_exit &&
+            UNIT(s)->manager->n_on_console > 0) {
+                ExecContext *ec = unit_get_exec_context(UNIT(s));
+                if (ec && exec_context_may_touch_console(ec)) {
+                        Manager *m = UNIT(s)->manager;
+
+                        m->n_on_console --;
+                        if (m->n_on_console == 0)
+                                /* unset no_console_output flag, since the console is free */
+                                m->no_console_output = false;
+                }
+        }
 
         if (old_state != state)
                 log_debug_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
@@ -1588,12 +1599,14 @@ static int service_coldplug(Unit *u) {
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART) {
-                        if (s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART || s->timeout_start_usec > 0) {
-                                usec_t k;
 
-                                k = s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART ? s->restart_usec : s->timeout_start_usec;
+                        if (s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART || s->timeout_start_usec > 0) {
 
-                                r = unit_watch_timer(UNIT(s), CLOCK_MONOTONIC, true, k, &s->timer_watch);
+                                r = service_arm_timer(s,
+                                                      s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART ? s->restart_usec :
+                                                      s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_START_PRE || s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_START ||
+                                                      s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_START_POST || s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_RELOAD ? s->timeout_start_usec :
+                                                      s->timeout_stop_usec);
                                 if (r < 0)
                                         return r;
                         }
@@ -1610,9 +1623,11 @@ static int service_coldplug(Unit *u) {
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_STOP ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_STOP_SIGKILL)
-                        if (s->main_pid > 0)
-                                if ((r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), s->main_pid)) < 0)
+                        if (s->main_pid > 0) {
+                                r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), s->main_pid);
+                                if (r < 0)
                                         return r;
+                        }
 
                 if (s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_START_PRE ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_START ||
@@ -1624,9 +1639,11 @@ static int service_coldplug(Unit *u) {
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_STOP_POST ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL)
-                        if (s->control_pid > 0)
-                                if ((r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), s->control_pid)) < 0)
+                        if (s->control_pid > 0) {
+                                r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), s->control_pid);
+                                if (r < 0)
                                         return r;
+                        }
 
                 if (s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_START_POST ||
                     s->deserialized_state == SERVICE_RUNNING)
@@ -1661,7 +1678,8 @@ static int service_collect_fds(Service *s, int **fds, unsigned *n_fds) {
 
                 sock = SOCKET(u);
 
-                if ((r = socket_collect_fds(sock, &cfds, &cn_fds)) < 0)
+                r = socket_collect_fds(sock, &cfds, &cn_fds);
+                if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
 
                 if (!cfds)
@@ -1673,7 +1691,8 @@ static int service_collect_fds(Service *s, int **fds, unsigned *n_fds) {
                 } else {
                         int *t;
 
-                        if (!(t = new(int, rn_fds+cn_fds))) {
+                        t = new(int, rn_fds+cn_fds);
+                        if (!t) {
                                 free(cfds);
                                 r = -ENOMEM;
                                 goto fail;
@@ -1714,14 +1733,19 @@ static int service_spawn(
 
         pid_t pid;
         int r;
-        int *fds = NULL, *fdsbuf = NULL;
+        int *fds = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ int *fdsbuf = NULL;
         unsigned n_fds = 0, n_env = 0;
-        char **argv = NULL, **final_env = NULL, **our_env = NULL;
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char
+                **argv = NULL, **final_env = NULL, **our_env = NULL;
+        const char *path;
 
         assert(s);
         assert(c);
         assert(_pid);
 
+        unit_realize_cgroup(UNIT(s));
+
         if (pass_fds ||
             s->exec_context.std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
             s->exec_context.std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
@@ -1731,24 +1755,21 @@ static int service_spawn(
                         fds = &s->socket_fd;
                         n_fds = 1;
                 } else {
-                        if ((r = service_collect_fds(s, &fdsbuf, &n_fds)) < 0)
+                        r = service_collect_fds(s, &fdsbuf, &n_fds);
+                        if (r < 0)
                                 goto fail;
 
                         fds = fdsbuf;
                 }
         }
 
-        if (timeout && s->timeout_start_usec) {
-                r = unit_watch_timer(UNIT(s), CLOCK_MONOTONIC, true, s->timeout_start_usec, &s->timer_watch);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        goto fail;
-        } else
-                unit_unwatch_timer(UNIT(s), &s->timer_watch);
+        r = service_arm_timer(s, timeout ? s->timeout_start_usec : 0);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
 
-        if (!(argv = unit_full_printf_strv(UNIT(s), c->argv))) {
-                r = -ENOMEM;
+        r = unit_full_printf_strv(UNIT(s), c->argv, &argv);
+        if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
-        }
 
         our_env = new0(char*, 5);
         if (!our_env) {
@@ -1774,7 +1795,7 @@ static int service_spawn(
                         goto fail;
                 }
 
-        if (s->meta.manager->running_as != SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
+        if (UNIT(s)->manager->running_as != SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
                 if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "MANAGERPID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0) {
                         r = -ENOMEM;
                         goto fail;
@@ -1786,6 +1807,12 @@ static int service_spawn(
                 goto fail;
         }
 
+        if (is_control && UNIT(s)->cgroup_path) {
+                path = strappenda(UNIT(s)->cgroup_path, "/control");
+                cg_create(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, path);
+        } else
+                path = UNIT(s)->cgroup_path;
+
         r = exec_spawn(c,
                        argv,
                        &s->exec_context,
@@ -1795,37 +1822,26 @@ static int service_spawn(
                        apply_chroot,
                        apply_tty_stdin,
                        UNIT(s)->manager->confirm_spawn,
-                       UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings,
-                       UNIT(s)->cgroup_attributes,
-                       is_control ? "control" : NULL,
+                       UNIT(s)->manager->cgroup_supported,
+                       path,
                        UNIT(s)->id,
                        s->type == SERVICE_IDLE ? UNIT(s)->manager->idle_pipe : NULL,
                        &pid);
-
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        if ((r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid)) < 0)
+        r = unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid);
+        if (r < 0)
                 /* FIXME: we need to do something here */
                 goto fail;
 
-        free(fdsbuf);
-        strv_free(argv);
-        strv_free(our_env);
-        strv_free(final_env);
-
         *_pid = pid;
 
         return 0;
 
 fail:
-        free(fdsbuf);
-        strv_free(argv);
-        strv_free(our_env);
-        strv_free(final_env);
-
         if (timeout)
-                unit_unwatch_timer(UNIT(s), &s->timer_watch);
+                s->timer_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(s->timer_event_source);
 
         return r;
 }
@@ -1842,7 +1858,7 @@ static int main_pid_good(Service *s) {
 
                 /* If it's an alien child let's check if it is still
                  * alive ... */
-                if (s->main_pid_alien)
+                if (s->main_pid_alien && s->main_pid > 0)
                         return kill(s->main_pid, 0) >= 0 || errno != ESRCH;
 
                 /* .. otherwise assume we'll get a SIGCHLD for it,
@@ -1855,7 +1871,7 @@ static int main_pid_good(Service *s) {
         return -EAGAIN;
 }
 
-static int control_pid_good(Service *s) {
+_pure_ static int control_pid_good(Service *s) {
         assert(s);
 
         return s->control_pid > 0;
@@ -1866,7 +1882,11 @@ static int cgroup_good(Service *s) {
 
         assert(s);
 
-        if ((r = cgroup_bonding_is_empty_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings)) < 0)
+        if (!UNIT(s)->cgroup_path)
+                return 0;
+
+        r = cg_is_empty_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, UNIT(s)->cgroup_path, true);
+        if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
         return !r;
@@ -1886,15 +1906,15 @@ static void service_enter_dead(Service *s, ServiceResult f, bool allow_restart)
             (s->restart == SERVICE_RESTART_ALWAYS ||
              (s->restart == SERVICE_RESTART_ON_SUCCESS && s->result == SERVICE_SUCCESS) ||
              (s->restart == SERVICE_RESTART_ON_FAILURE && s->result != SERVICE_SUCCESS) ||
+             (s->restart == SERVICE_RESTART_ON_WATCHDOG && s->result == SERVICE_FAILURE_WATCHDOG) ||
              (s->restart == SERVICE_RESTART_ON_ABORT && (s->result == SERVICE_FAILURE_SIGNAL ||
                                                          s->result == SERVICE_FAILURE_CORE_DUMP))) &&
             (s->result != SERVICE_FAILURE_EXIT_CODE ||
              !set_contains(s->restart_ignore_status.code, INT_TO_PTR(s->main_exec_status.status))) &&
             (s->result != SERVICE_FAILURE_SIGNAL ||
-             !set_contains(s->restart_ignore_status.signal, INT_TO_PTR(s->main_exec_status.status)))
-                ) {
+             !set_contains(s->restart_ignore_status.signal, INT_TO_PTR(s->main_exec_status.status)))) {
 
-                r = unit_watch_timer(UNIT(s), CLOCK_MONOTONIC, true, s->restart_usec, &s->timer_watch);
+                r = service_arm_timer(s, s->restart_usec);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
 
@@ -1903,6 +1923,15 @@ static void service_enter_dead(Service *s, ServiceResult f, bool allow_restart)
 
         s->forbid_restart = false;
 
+        /* we want fresh tmpdirs in case service is started again immediately */
+        exec_context_tmp_dirs_done(&s->exec_context);
+
+        /* Try to delete the pid file. At this point it will be
+         * out-of-date, and some software might be confused by it, so
+         * let's remove it. */
+        if (s->pid_file)
+                unlink_noerrno(s->pid_file);
+
         return;
 
 fail:
@@ -1912,8 +1941,6 @@ fail:
         service_enter_dead(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_RESOURCES, false);
 }
 
-static void service_enter_signal(Service *s, ServiceState state, ServiceResult f);
-
 static void service_enter_stop_post(Service *s, ServiceResult f) {
         int r;
         assert(s);
@@ -1923,7 +1950,8 @@ static void service_enter_stop_post(Service *s, ServiceResult f) {
 
         service_unwatch_control_pid(s);
 
-        if ((s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_STOP_POST])) {
+        s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_STOP_POST];
+        if (s->control_command) {
                 s->control_command_id = SERVICE_EXEC_STOP_POST;
 
                 r = service_spawn(s,
@@ -1942,7 +1970,7 @@ static void service_enter_stop_post(Service *s, ServiceResult f) {
 
                 service_set_state(s, SERVICE_STOP_POST);
         } else
-                service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM, SERVICE_SUCCESS);
+                service_enter_dead(s, SERVICE_SUCCESS, true);
 
         return;
 
@@ -1955,66 +1983,25 @@ fail:
 
 static void service_enter_signal(Service *s, ServiceState state, ServiceResult f) {
         int r;
-        Set *pid_set = NULL;
-        bool wait_for_exit = false;
 
         assert(s);
 
         if (f != SERVICE_SUCCESS)
                 s->result = f;
 
-        if (s->kill_context.kill_mode != KILL_NONE) {
-                int sig = (state == SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM || state == SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM) ? s->kill_context.kill_signal : SIGKILL;
-
-                if (s->main_pid > 0) {
-                        if (kill_and_sigcont(s->main_pid, sig) < 0 && errno != ESRCH)
-                                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
-                                                 "Failed to kill main process %li: %m", (long) s->main_pid);
-                        else
-                                wait_for_exit = !s->main_pid_alien;
-                }
-
-                if (s->control_pid > 0) {
-                        if (kill_and_sigcont(s->control_pid, sig) < 0 && errno != ESRCH)
-                                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
-                                                 "Failed to kill control process %li: %m", (long) s->control_pid);
-                        else
-                                wait_for_exit = true;
-                }
-
-                if (s->kill_context.kill_mode == KILL_CONTROL_GROUP) {
-
-                        pid_set = set_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
-                        if (!pid_set) {
-                                r = -ENOMEM;
-                                goto fail;
-                        }
-
-                        /* Exclude the main/control pids from being killed via the cgroup */
-                        if (s->main_pid > 0)
-                                if ((r = set_put(pid_set, LONG_TO_PTR(s->main_pid))) < 0)
-                                        goto fail;
-
-                        if (s->control_pid > 0)
-                                if ((r = set_put(pid_set, LONG_TO_PTR(s->control_pid))) < 0)
-                                        goto fail;
-
-                        r = cgroup_bonding_kill_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings, sig, true, false, pid_set, NULL);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                if (r != -EAGAIN && r != -ESRCH && r != -ENOENT)
-                                        log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
-                                                         "Failed to kill control group: %s", strerror(-r));
-                        } else if (r > 0)
-                                wait_for_exit = true;
-
-                        set_free(pid_set);
-                        pid_set = NULL;
-                }
-        }
+        r = unit_kill_context(
+                        UNIT(s),
+                        &s->kill_context,
+                        state != SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM && state != SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM,
+                        s->main_pid,
+                        s->control_pid,
+                        s->main_pid_alien);
+        if (r < 0)
+                goto fail;
 
-        if (wait_for_exit) {
+        if (r > 0) {
                 if (s->timeout_stop_usec > 0) {
-                        r = unit_watch_timer(UNIT(s), CLOCK_MONOTONIC, true, s->timeout_stop_usec, &s->timer_watch);
+                        r = service_arm_timer(s, s->timeout_stop_usec);
                         if (r < 0)
                                 goto fail;
                 }
@@ -2035,9 +2022,6 @@ fail:
                 service_enter_stop_post(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_RESOURCES);
         else
                 service_enter_dead(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_RESOURCES, true);
-
-        if (pid_set)
-                set_free(pid_set);
 }
 
 static void service_enter_stop(Service *s, ServiceResult f) {
@@ -2050,7 +2034,8 @@ static void service_enter_stop(Service *s, ServiceResult f) {
 
         service_unwatch_control_pid(s);
 
-        if ((s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_STOP])) {
+        s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_STOP];
+        if (s->control_command) {
                 s->control_command_id = SERVICE_EXEC_STOP;
 
                 r = service_spawn(s,
@@ -2106,7 +2091,8 @@ static void service_enter_start_post(Service *s) {
         if (s->watchdog_usec > 0)
                 service_reset_watchdog(s);
 
-        if ((s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_START_POST])) {
+        s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_START_POST];
+        if (s->control_command) {
                 s->control_command_id = SERVICE_EXEC_START_POST;
 
                 r = service_spawn(s,
@@ -2134,25 +2120,33 @@ fail:
         service_enter_stop(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_RESOURCES);
 }
 
+static void service_kill_control_processes(Service *s) {
+        char *p;
+
+        if (!UNIT(s)->cgroup_path)
+                return;
+
+        p = strappenda(UNIT(s)->cgroup_path, "/control");
+        cg_kill_recursive(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER, p, SIGKILL, true, true, true, NULL);
+}
+
 static void service_enter_start(Service *s) {
+        ExecCommand *c;
         pid_t pid;
         int r;
-        ExecCommand *c;
 
         assert(s);
 
         assert(s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_START]);
         assert(!s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_START]->command_next || s->type == SERVICE_ONESHOT);
 
-        if (s->type == SERVICE_FORKING)
-                service_unwatch_control_pid(s);
-        else
-                service_unwatch_main_pid(s);
+        service_unwatch_control_pid(s);
+        service_unwatch_main_pid(s);
 
         /* We want to ensure that nobody leaks processes from
          * START_PRE here, so let's go on a killing spree, People
          * should not spawn long running processes from START_PRE. */
-        cgroup_bonding_kill_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings, SIGKILL, true, true, NULL, "control");
+        service_kill_control_processes(s);
 
         if (s->type == SERVICE_FORKING) {
                 s->control_command_id = SERVICE_EXEC_START;
@@ -2168,7 +2162,8 @@ static void service_enter_start(Service *s) {
 
         r = service_spawn(s,
                           c,
-                          s->type == SERVICE_FORKING || s->type == SERVICE_DBUS || s->type == SERVICE_NOTIFY || s->type == SERVICE_ONESHOT,
+                          s->type == SERVICE_FORKING || s->type == SERVICE_DBUS ||
+                            s->type == SERVICE_NOTIFY || s->type == SERVICE_ONESHOT,
                           true,
                           true,
                           true,
@@ -2225,11 +2220,11 @@ static void service_enter_start_pre(Service *s) {
 
         service_unwatch_control_pid(s);
 
-        if ((s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_START_PRE])) {
-
+        s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_START_PRE];
+        if (s->control_command) {
                 /* Before we start anything, let's clear up what might
                  * be left from previous runs. */
-                cgroup_bonding_kill_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings, SIGKILL, true, true, NULL, "control");
+                service_kill_control_processes(s);
 
                 s->control_command_id = SERVICE_EXEC_START_PRE;
 
@@ -2259,18 +2254,17 @@ fail:
 }
 
 static void service_enter_restart(Service *s) {
+        _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
         int r;
-        DBusError error;
 
         assert(s);
-        dbus_error_init(&error);
 
         if (UNIT(s)->job && UNIT(s)->job->type == JOB_STOP) {
                 /* Don't restart things if we are going down anyway */
                 log_info_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                               "Stop job pending for unit, delaying automatic restart.");
 
-                r = unit_watch_timer(UNIT(s), CLOCK_MONOTONIC, true, s->restart_usec, &s->timer_watch);
+                r = service_arm_timer(s, s->restart_usec);
                 if (r < 0)
                         goto fail;
 
@@ -2296,10 +2290,8 @@ static void service_enter_restart(Service *s) {
 fail:
         log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                          "%s failed to schedule restart job: %s",
-                         UNIT(s)->id, bus_error(&error, -r));
+                         UNIT(s)->id, bus_error_message(&error, -r));
         service_enter_dead(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_RESOURCES, false);
-
-        dbus_error_free(&error);
 }
 
 static void service_enter_reload(Service *s) {
@@ -2309,7 +2301,8 @@ static void service_enter_reload(Service *s) {
 
         service_unwatch_control_pid(s);
 
-        if ((s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_RELOAD])) {
+        s->control_command = s->exec_command[SERVICE_EXEC_RELOAD];
+        if (s->control_command) {
                 s->control_command_id = SERVICE_EXEC_RELOAD;
 
                 r = service_spawn(s,
@@ -2435,20 +2428,18 @@ static int service_start_limit_test(Service *s) {
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_START_LIMIT_REBOOT: {
-                DBusError error;
+                _cleanup_bus_error_free_ sd_bus_error error = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
                 int r;
 
-                dbus_error_init(&error);
-
                 log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                                  "%s start request repeated too quickly, rebooting.", UNIT(s)->id);
 
-                r = manager_add_job_by_name(UNIT(s)->manager, JOB_START, SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET, JOB_REPLACE, true, &error, NULL);
-                if (r < 0) {
+                r = manager_add_job_by_name(UNIT(s)->manager, JOB_START,
+                                            SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET, JOB_REPLACE,
+                                            true, &error, NULL);
+                if (r < 0)
                         log_error_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
-                                       "Failed to reboot: %s.", bus_error(&error, r));
-                        dbus_error_free(&error);
-                }
+                                       "Failed to reboot: %s.", bus_error_message(&error, r));
 
                 break;
         }
@@ -2577,7 +2568,7 @@ static int service_reload(Unit *u) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static bool service_can_reload(Unit *u) {
+_pure_ static bool service_can_reload(Unit *u) {
         Service *s = SERVICE(u);
 
         assert(s);
@@ -2597,7 +2588,8 @@ static int service_serialize(Unit *u, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
         unit_serialize_item(u, f, "reload-result", service_result_to_string(s->reload_result));
 
         if (s->control_pid > 0)
-                unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "control-pid", "%lu", (unsigned long) s->control_pid);
+                unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "control-pid", "%lu",
+                                           (unsigned long) s->control_pid);
 
         if (s->main_pid_known && s->main_pid > 0)
                 unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "main-pid", "%lu", (unsigned long) s->main_pid);
@@ -2611,7 +2603,8 @@ static int service_serialize(Unit *u, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
          * multiple commands attached here, we will start from the
          * first one again */
         if (s->control_command_id >= 0)
-                unit_serialize_item(u, f, "control-command", service_exec_command_to_string(s->control_command_id));
+                unit_serialize_item(u, f, "control-command",
+                                    service_exec_command_to_string(s->control_command_id));
 
         if (s->socket_fd >= 0) {
                 int copy;
@@ -2623,17 +2616,32 @@ static int service_serialize(Unit *u, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
         }
 
         if (s->main_exec_status.pid > 0) {
-                unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "main-exec-status-pid", "%lu", (unsigned long) s->main_exec_status.pid);
-                dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "main-exec-status-start", &s->main_exec_status.start_timestamp);
-                dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "main-exec-status-exit", &s->main_exec_status.exit_timestamp);
+                unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "main-exec-status-pid", "%lu",
+                                           (unsigned long) s->main_exec_status.pid);
+                dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "main-exec-status-start",
+                                         &s->main_exec_status.start_timestamp);
+                dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "main-exec-status-exit",
+                                         &s->main_exec_status.exit_timestamp);
 
                 if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&s->main_exec_status.exit_timestamp)) {
-                        unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "main-exec-status-code", "%i", s->main_exec_status.code);
-                        unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "main-exec-status-status", "%i", s->main_exec_status.status);
+                        unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "main-exec-status-code", "%i",
+                                                   s->main_exec_status.code);
+                        unit_serialize_item_format(u, f, "main-exec-status-status", "%i",
+                                                   s->main_exec_status.status);
                 }
         }
         if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&s->watchdog_timestamp))
-                dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "watchdog-timestamp", &s->watchdog_timestamp);
+                dual_timestamp_serialize(f, "watchdog-timestamp",
+                                         &s->watchdog_timestamp);
+
+        if (s->exec_context.tmp_dir)
+                unit_serialize_item(u, f, "tmp-dir", s->exec_context.tmp_dir);
+
+        if (s->exec_context.var_tmp_dir)
+                unit_serialize_item(u, f, "var-tmp-dir", s->exec_context.var_tmp_dir);
+
+        if (s->forbid_restart)
+                unit_serialize_item(u, f, "forbid-restart", yes_no(s->forbid_restart));
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -2649,7 +2657,8 @@ static int service_deserialize_item(Unit *u, const char *key, const char *value,
         if (streq(key, "state")) {
                 ServiceState state;
 
-                if ((state = service_state_from_string(value)) < 0)
+                state = service_state_from_string(value);
+                if (state < 0)
                         log_debug_unit(u->id, "Failed to parse state value %s", value);
                 else
                         s->deserialized_state = state;
@@ -2683,19 +2692,25 @@ static int service_deserialize_item(Unit *u, const char *key, const char *value,
 
                 if (parse_pid(value, &pid) < 0)
                         log_debug_unit(u->id, "Failed to parse main-pid value %s", value);
-                else
-                        service_set_main_pid(s, (pid_t) pid);
+                else {
+                        service_set_main_pid(s, pid);
+                        unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid);
+                }
         } else if (streq(key, "main-pid-known")) {
                 int b;
 
-                if ((b = parse_boolean(value)) < 0)
+                b = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (b < 0)
                         log_debug_unit(u->id, "Failed to parse main-pid-known value %s", value);
                 else
                         s->main_pid_known = b;
         } else if (streq(key, "status-text")) {
                 char *t;
 
-                if ((t = strdup(value))) {
+                t = strdup(value);
+                if (!t)
+                        log_oom();
+                else {
                         free(s->status_text);
                         s->status_text = t;
                 }
@@ -2703,7 +2718,8 @@ static int service_deserialize_item(Unit *u, const char *key, const char *value,
         } else if (streq(key, "control-command")) {
                 ServiceExecCommand id;
 
-                if ((id = service_exec_command_from_string(value)) < 0)
+                id = service_exec_command_from_string(value);
+                if (id < 0)
                         log_debug_unit(u->id, "Failed to parse exec-command value %s", value);
                 else {
                         s->control_command_id = id;
@@ -2747,13 +2763,37 @@ static int service_deserialize_item(Unit *u, const char *key, const char *value,
                 dual_timestamp_deserialize(value, &s->main_exec_status.exit_timestamp);
         else if (streq(key, "watchdog-timestamp"))
                 dual_timestamp_deserialize(value, &s->watchdog_timestamp);
-        else
+        else if (streq(key, "tmp-dir")) {
+                char *t;
+
+                t = strdup(value);
+                if (!t)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                s->exec_context.tmp_dir = t;
+        } else if (streq(key, "var-tmp-dir")) {
+                char *t;
+
+                t = strdup(value);
+                if (!t)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                s->exec_context.var_tmp_dir = t;
+        } else if (streq(key, "forbid-restart")) {
+                int b;
+
+                b = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (b < 0)
+                        log_debug_unit(u->id, "Failed to parse forbid-restart value %s", value);
+                else
+                        s->forbid_restart = b;
+        } else
                 log_debug_unit(u->id, "Unknown serialization key '%s'", key);
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-static UnitActiveState service_active_state(Unit *u) {
+_pure_ static UnitActiveState service_active_state(Unit *u) {
         const UnitActiveState *table;
 
         assert(u);
@@ -2789,7 +2829,7 @@ static bool service_check_gc(Unit *u) {
         return false;
 }
 
-static bool service_check_snapshot(Unit *u) {
+_pure_ static bool service_check_snapshot(Unit *u) {
         Service *s = SERVICE(u);
 
         assert(s);
@@ -2819,11 +2859,14 @@ static int service_watch_pid_file(Service *s) {
         log_debug_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                        "Setting watch for %s's PID file %s",
                        UNIT(s)->id, s->pid_file_pathspec->path);
-        r = path_spec_watch(s->pid_file_pathspec, UNIT(s));
+        r = path_spec_watch(s->pid_file_pathspec, service_dispatch_io);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
         /* the pidfile might have appeared just before we set the watch */
+        log_debug_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                       "Trying to read %s's PID file %s in case it changed",
+                       UNIT(s)->id, s->pid_file_pathspec->path);
         service_retry_pid_file(s);
 
         return 0;
@@ -2845,6 +2888,7 @@ static int service_demand_pid_file(Service *s) {
         if (!ps)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        ps->unit = UNIT(s);
         ps->path = strdup(s->pid_file);
         if (!ps->path) {
                 free(ps);
@@ -2863,8 +2907,8 @@ static int service_demand_pid_file(Service *s) {
         return service_watch_pid_file(s);
 }
 
-static void service_fd_event(Unit *u, int fd, uint32_t events, Watch *w) {
-        Service *s = SERVICE(u);
+static int service_dispatch_io(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t events, void *userdata) {
+        Service *s = SERVICE(userdata);
 
         assert(s);
         assert(fd >= 0);
@@ -2872,21 +2916,23 @@ static void service_fd_event(Unit *u, int fd, uint32_t events, Watch *w) {
         assert(s->pid_file_pathspec);
         assert(path_spec_owns_inotify_fd(s->pid_file_pathspec, fd));
 
-        log_debug_unit(u->id, "inotify event for %s", u->id);
+        log_debug_unit(UNIT(s)->id, "inotify event for %s", UNIT(s)->id);
 
         if (path_spec_fd_event(s->pid_file_pathspec, events) < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
         if (service_retry_pid_file(s) == 0)
-                return;
+                return 0;
 
         if (service_watch_pid_file(s) < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        return;
+        return 0;
+
 fail:
         service_unwatch_pid_file(s);
         service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM, SERVICE_FAILURE_RESOURCES);
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static void service_sigchld_event(Unit *u, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
@@ -2939,13 +2985,13 @@ static void service_sigchld_event(Unit *u, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
                                 f = SERVICE_SUCCESS;
                 }
 
-                log_struct(f == SERVICE_SUCCESS ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_NOTICE,
+                log_struct_unit(f == SERVICE_SUCCESS ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_NOTICE,
+                           u->id,
                            "MESSAGE=%s: main process exited, code=%s, status=%i/%s",
                                   u->id, sigchld_code_to_string(code), status,
                                   strna(code == CLD_EXITED
                                         ? exit_status_to_string(status, EXIT_STATUS_FULL)
                                         : signal_to_string(status)),
-                           "UNIT=%s", u->id,
                            "EXIT_CODE=%s", sigchld_code_to_string(code),
                            "EXIT_STATUS=%i", status,
                            NULL);
@@ -3011,11 +3057,11 @@ static void service_sigchld_event(Unit *u, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
                 }
 
         } else if (s->control_pid == pid) {
-
                 s->control_pid = 0;
 
                 if (s->control_command) {
-                        exec_status_exit(&s->control_command->exec_status, &s->exec_context, pid, code, status);
+                        exec_status_exit(&s->control_command->exec_status,
+                                         &s->exec_context, pid, code, status);
 
                         if (s->control_command->ignore)
                                 f = SERVICE_SUCCESS;
@@ -3031,7 +3077,7 @@ static void service_sigchld_event(Unit *u, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
                 /* Immediately get rid of the cgroup, so that the
                  * kernel doesn't delay the cgroup empty messages for
                  * the service cgroup any longer than necessary */
-                cgroup_bonding_kill_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings, SIGKILL, true, true, NULL, "control");
+                service_kill_control_processes(s);
 
                 if (s->control_command &&
                     s->control_command->command_next &&
@@ -3159,55 +3205,48 @@ static void service_sigchld_event(Unit *u, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
         unit_add_to_dbus_queue(u);
 }
 
-static void service_timer_event(Unit *u, uint64_t elapsed, Watch* w) {
-        Service *s = SERVICE(u);
+static int service_dispatch_timer(sd_event_source *source, usec_t usec, void *userdata) {
+        Service *s = SERVICE(userdata);
 
         assert(s);
-        assert(elapsed == 1);
-
-        if (w == &s->watchdog_watch) {
-                service_handle_watchdog(s);
-                return;
-        }
-
-        assert(w == &s->timer_watch);
+        assert(source == s->timer_event_source);
 
         switch (s->state) {
 
         case SERVICE_START_PRE:
         case SERVICE_START:
-                log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                 "%s operation timed out. Terminating.", u->id);
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "%s operation timed out. Terminating.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_START_POST:
-                log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                 "%s operation timed out. Stopping.", u->id);
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "%s operation timed out. Stopping.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 service_enter_stop(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_RELOAD:
-                log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                 "%s operation timed out. Stopping.", u->id);
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "%s operation timed out. Stopping.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 s->reload_result = SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT;
                 service_enter_running(s, SERVICE_SUCCESS);
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_STOP:
-                log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                 "%s stopping timed out. Terminating.", u->id);
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "%s stopping timed out. Terminating.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_STOP_SIGTERM:
                 if (s->kill_context.send_sigkill) {
-                        log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                         "%s stopping timed out. Killing.", u->id);
+                        log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                         "%s stopping timed out. Killing.", UNIT(s)->id);
                         service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_STOP_SIGKILL, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 } else {
-                        log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                         "%s stopping timed out. Skipping SIGKILL.", u->id);
+                        log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                         "%s stopping timed out. Skipping SIGKILL.", UNIT(s)->id);
                         service_enter_stop_post(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 }
 
@@ -3218,55 +3257,66 @@ static void service_timer_event(Unit *u, uint64_t elapsed, Watch* w) {
                  * Must be something we cannot kill, so let's just be
                  * weirded out and continue */
 
-                log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                 "%s still around after SIGKILL. Ignoring.", u->id);
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "%s still around after SIGKILL. Ignoring.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 service_enter_stop_post(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_STOP_POST:
-                log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                 "%s stopping timed out (2). Terminating.", u->id);
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "%s stopping timed out (2). Terminating.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_FINAL_SIGTERM:
                 if (s->kill_context.send_sigkill) {
-                        log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                         "%s stopping timed out (2). Killing.", u->id);
+                        log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                         "%s stopping timed out (2). Killing.", UNIT(s)->id);
                         service_enter_signal(s, SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT);
                 } else {
-                        log_warning_unit(u->id,
+                        log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
                                          "%s stopping timed out (2). Skipping SIGKILL. Entering failed mode.",
-                                         u->id);
+                                         UNIT(s)->id);
                         service_enter_dead(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT, false);
                 }
 
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_FINAL_SIGKILL:
-                log_warning_unit(u->id,
-                                 "%s still around after SIGKILL (2). Entering failed mode.", u->id);
+                log_warning_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                                 "%s still around after SIGKILL (2). Entering failed mode.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 service_enter_dead(s, SERVICE_FAILURE_TIMEOUT, true);
                 break;
 
         case SERVICE_AUTO_RESTART:
-                log_info_unit(u->id,
-                              "%s holdoff time over, scheduling restart.", u->id);
+                log_info_unit(UNIT(s)->id,
+                              "%s holdoff time over, scheduling restart.", UNIT(s)->id);
                 service_enter_restart(s);
                 break;
 
         default:
                 assert_not_reached("Timeout at wrong time.");
         }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int service_dispatch_watchdog(sd_event_source *source, usec_t usec, void *userdata) {
+        Service *s = SERVICE(userdata);
+
+        assert(s);
+        assert(source == s->watchdog_event_source);
+
+        service_handle_watchdog(s);
+        return 0;
 }
 
-static void service_cgroup_notify_event(Unit *u) {
+static void service_notify_cgroup_empty_event(Unit *u) {
         Service *s = SERVICE(u);
 
         assert(u);
 
-        log_debug_unit(u->id,
-                       "%s: cgroup is empty", u->id);
+        log_debug_unit(u->id, "%s: cgroup is empty", u->id);
 
         switch (s->state) {
 
@@ -3353,6 +3403,7 @@ static void service_notify_message(Unit *u, pid_t pid, char **tags) {
                         log_debug_unit(u->id,
                                        "%s: got %s", u->id, e);
                         service_set_main_pid(s, pid);
+                        unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid);
                 }
         }
 
@@ -3400,7 +3451,8 @@ static void service_notify_message(Unit *u, pid_t pid, char **tags) {
         if (strv_find(tags, "WATCHDOG=1")) {
                 log_debug_unit(u->id,
                                "%s: got WATCHDOG=1", u->id);
-                service_reset_watchdog(s);
+                if (dual_timestamp_is_set(&s->watchdog_timestamp))
+                        service_reset_watchdog(s);
         }
 
         /* Notify clients about changed status or main pid */
@@ -3412,9 +3464,10 @@ static void service_notify_message(Unit *u, pid_t pid, char **tags) {
 static int service_enumerate(Manager *m) {
         char **p;
         unsigned i;
-        DIR *d = NULL;
-        char *path = NULL, *fpath = NULL, *name = NULL;
-        Set *runlevel_services[ELEMENTSOF(rcnd_table)], *shutdown_services = NULL;
+        _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *fpath = NULL, *name = NULL;
+        Set *runlevel_services[ELEMENTSOF(rcnd_table)] = {};
+        _cleanup_set_free_ Set *shutdown_services = NULL;
         Unit *service;
         Iterator j;
         int r;
@@ -3424,8 +3477,6 @@ static int service_enumerate(Manager *m) {
         if (m->running_as != SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
                 return 0;
 
-        zero(runlevel_services);
-
         STRV_FOREACH(p, m->lookup_paths.sysvrcnd_path)
                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rcnd_table); i ++) {
                         struct dirent *de;
@@ -3440,9 +3491,10 @@ static int service_enumerate(Manager *m) {
                         if (d)
                                 closedir(d);
 
-                        if (!(d = opendir(path))) {
+                        d = opendir(path);
+                        if (!d) {
                                 if (errno != ENOENT)
-                                        log_warning("opendir() failed on %s: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+                                        log_warning("opendir(%s) failed: %s", path, strerror(errno));
 
                                 continue;
                         }
@@ -3481,8 +3533,9 @@ static int service_enumerate(Manager *m) {
                                 }
 
                                 free(name);
-                                if (!(name = sysv_translate_name(de->d_name + 3))) {
-                                        r = -ENOMEM;
+                                name = sysv_translate_name(de->d_name + 3);
+                                if (!name) {
+                                        r = log_oom();
                                         goto finish;
                                 }
 
@@ -3501,19 +3554,25 @@ static int service_enumerate(Manager *m) {
                                                 SERVICE(service)->sysv_enabled = true;
                                         }
 
-                                        if ((r = set_ensure_allocated(&runlevel_services[i], trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func)) < 0)
+                                        r = set_ensure_allocated(&runlevel_services[i],
+                                                                 trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
+                                        if (r < 0)
                                                 goto finish;
 
-                                        if ((r = set_put(runlevel_services[i], service)) < 0)
+                                        r = set_put(runlevel_services[i], service);
+                                        if (r < 0)
                                                 goto finish;
 
                                 } else if (de->d_name[0] == 'K' &&
                                            (rcnd_table[i].type == RUNLEVEL_DOWN)) {
 
-                                        if ((r = set_ensure_allocated(&shutdown_services, trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func)) < 0)
+                                        r = set_ensure_allocated(&shutdown_services,
+                                                                 trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
+                                        if (r < 0)
                                                 goto finish;
 
-                                        if ((r = set_put(shutdown_services, service)) < 0)
+                                        r = set_put(shutdown_services, service);
+                                        if (r < 0)
                                                 goto finish;
                                 }
                         }
@@ -3534,7 +3593,10 @@ static int service_enumerate(Manager *m) {
                         if (service->fragment_path)
                                 continue;
 
-                        if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name_inverse(service, UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_WANTS, rcnd_table[i].target, NULL, true)) < 0)
+                        r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name_inverse(
+                                service, UNIT_AFTER, UNIT_WANTS,
+                                rcnd_table[i].target, NULL, true);
+                        if (r < 0)
                                 goto finish;
                 }
 
@@ -3549,23 +3611,19 @@ static int service_enumerate(Manager *m) {
                 if (service->fragment_path)
                         continue;
 
-                if ((r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(service, UNIT_BEFORE, UNIT_CONFLICTS, SPECIAL_SHUTDOWN_TARGET, NULL, true)) < 0)
+                r = unit_add_two_dependencies_by_name(
+                        service, UNIT_BEFORE, UNIT_CONFLICTS,
+                        SPECIAL_SHUTDOWN_TARGET, NULL, true);
+                if (r < 0)
                         goto finish;
         }
 
         r = 0;
 
 finish:
-        free(path);
-        free(fpath);
-        free(name);
 
         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rcnd_table); i++)
                 set_free(runlevel_services[i]);
-        set_free(shutdown_services);
-
-        if (d)
-                closedir(d);
 
         return r;
 }
@@ -3578,6 +3636,7 @@ static void service_bus_name_owner_change(
                 const char *new_owner) {
 
         Service *s = SERVICE(u);
+        int r;
 
         assert(s);
         assert(name);
@@ -3616,34 +3675,18 @@ static void service_bus_name_owner_change(
                     s->state == SERVICE_RUNNING ||
                     s->state == SERVICE_RELOAD)) {
 
-                /* Try to acquire PID from bus service */
-                log_debug_unit(u->id,
-                               "Trying to acquire PID from D-Bus name...");
-
-                bus_query_pid(u->manager, name);
-        }
-}
-
-static void service_bus_query_pid_done(
-                Unit *u,
-                const char *name,
-                pid_t pid) {
-
-        Service *s = SERVICE(u);
+                pid_t pid;
 
-        assert(s);
-        assert(name);
+                /* Try to acquire PID from bus service */
 
-        log_debug_unit(u->id,
-                       "%s's D-Bus name %s is now owned by process %u",
-                       u->id, name, (unsigned) pid);
+                r = sd_bus_get_owner_pid(u->manager->api_bus, name, &pid);
+                if (r >= 0) {
+                        log_debug_unit(u->id, "%s's D-Bus name %s is now owned by process %u", u->id, name, (unsigned) pid);
 
-        if (s->main_pid <= 0 &&
-            (s->state == SERVICE_START ||
-             s->state == SERVICE_START_POST ||
-             s->state == SERVICE_RUNNING ||
-             s->state == SERVICE_RELOAD))
-                service_set_main_pid(s, pid);
+                        service_set_main_pid(s, pid);
+                        unit_watch_pid(UNIT(s), pid);
+                }
+        }
 }
 
 int service_set_socket_fd(Service *s, int fd, Socket *sock) {
@@ -3686,67 +3729,10 @@ static void service_reset_failed(Unit *u) {
         RATELIMIT_RESET(s->start_limit);
 }
 
-static int service_kill(Unit *u, KillWho who, int signo, DBusError *error) {
+static int service_kill(Unit *u, KillWho who, int signo, sd_bus_error *error) {
         Service *s = SERVICE(u);
-        int r = 0;
-        Set *pid_set = NULL;
-
-        assert(s);
-
-        if (s->main_pid <= 0 && who == KILL_MAIN) {
-                dbus_set_error(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PROCESS, "No main process to kill");
-                return -ESRCH;
-        }
-
-        if (s->control_pid <= 0 && who == KILL_CONTROL) {
-                dbus_set_error(error, BUS_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PROCESS, "No control process to kill");
-                return -ESRCH;
-        }
 
-        if (who == KILL_CONTROL || who == KILL_ALL)
-                if (s->control_pid > 0)
-                        if (kill(s->control_pid, signo) < 0)
-                                r = -errno;
-
-        if (who == KILL_MAIN || who == KILL_ALL)
-                if (s->main_pid > 0)
-                        if (kill(s->main_pid, signo) < 0)
-                                r = -errno;
-
-        if (who == KILL_ALL) {
-                int q;
-
-                pid_set = set_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
-                if (!pid_set)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
-
-                /* Exclude the control/main pid from being killed via the cgroup */
-                if (s->control_pid > 0) {
-                        q = set_put(pid_set, LONG_TO_PTR(s->control_pid));
-                        if (q < 0) {
-                                r = q;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                if (s->main_pid > 0) {
-                        q = set_put(pid_set, LONG_TO_PTR(s->main_pid));
-                        if (q < 0) {
-                                r = q;
-                                goto finish;
-                        }
-                }
-
-                q = cgroup_bonding_kill_list(UNIT(s)->cgroup_bondings, signo, false, false, pid_set, NULL);
-                if (q < 0 && q != -EAGAIN && q != -ESRCH && q != -ENOENT)
-                        r = q;
-        }
-
-finish:
-        if (pid_set)
-                set_free(pid_set);
-
-        return r;
+        return unit_kill_common(u, who, signo, s->main_pid, s->control_pid, error);
 }
 
 static const char* const service_state_table[_SERVICE_STATE_MAX] = {
@@ -3773,6 +3759,7 @@ static const char* const service_restart_table[_SERVICE_RESTART_MAX] = {
         [SERVICE_RESTART_NO] = "no",
         [SERVICE_RESTART_ON_SUCCESS] = "on-success",
         [SERVICE_RESTART_ON_FAILURE] = "on-failure",
+        [SERVICE_RESTART_ON_WATCHDOG] = "on-watchdog",
         [SERVICE_RESTART_ON_ABORT] = "on-abort",
         [SERVICE_RESTART_ALWAYS] = "always"
 };
@@ -3833,11 +3820,14 @@ DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(start_limit_action, StartLimitAction);
 const UnitVTable service_vtable = {
         .object_size = sizeof(Service),
         .exec_context_offset = offsetof(Service, exec_context),
+        .cgroup_context_offset = offsetof(Service, cgroup_context),
+        .kill_context_offset = offsetof(Service, kill_context),
 
         .sections =
                 "Unit\0"
                 "Service\0"
                 "Install\0",
+        .private_section = "Service",
 
         .init = service_init,
         .done = service_done,
@@ -3865,24 +3855,26 @@ const UnitVTable service_vtable = {
         .check_snapshot = service_check_snapshot,
 
         .sigchld_event = service_sigchld_event,
-        .timer_event = service_timer_event,
-        .fd_event = service_fd_event,
 
         .reset_failed = service_reset_failed,
 
-        .cgroup_notify_empty = service_cgroup_notify_event,
+        .notify_cgroup_empty = service_notify_cgroup_empty_event,
         .notify_message = service_notify_message,
 
         .bus_name_owner_change = service_bus_name_owner_change,
-        .bus_query_pid_done = service_bus_query_pid_done,
 
         .bus_interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Service",
-        .bus_message_handler = bus_service_message_handler,
-        .bus_invalidating_properties =  bus_service_invalidating_properties,
+        .bus_vtable = bus_service_vtable,
+        .bus_changing_properties = bus_service_changing_properties,
+        .bus_set_property = bus_service_set_property,
+        .bus_commit_properties = bus_service_commit_properties,
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSV_COMPAT
         .enumerate = service_enumerate,
 #endif
+
+        .can_transient = true,
+
         .status_message_formats = {
                 .starting_stopping = {
                         [0] = "Starting %s...",