chiark / gitweb /
core: introduce system state enum
[elogind.git] / src / core / manager.c
index ba4dab3b86c919e8f79691c543beb3036a082c59..f618bed424fdaaf9fabcd91ae00aa85740248304 100644 (file)
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
 #include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/signalfd.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/poll.h>
 #include "dbus-unit.h"
 #include "dbus-job.h"
 #include "dbus-manager.h"
+#include "bus-kernel.h"
 
 /* As soon as 5s passed since a unit was added to our GC queue, make sure to run a gc sweep */
 #define GC_QUEUE_USEC_MAX (10*USEC_PER_SEC)
 
 /* Initial delay and the interval for printing status messages about running jobs */
-#define JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_WAIT_SEC 5
-#define JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_PERIOD_SEC 1
+#define JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_WAIT_USEC (5*USEC_PER_SEC)
+#define JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_PERIOD_USEC (USEC_PER_SEC / 3)
 #define JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_PERIOD_DIVISOR 3
 
 /* Where clients shall send notification messages to */
@@ -97,62 +96,16 @@ static int manager_dispatch_idle_pipe_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32
 static int manager_dispatch_jobs_in_progress(sd_event_source *source, usec_t usec, void *userdata);
 static int manager_dispatch_run_queue(sd_event_source *source, void *userdata);
 
-static int manager_setup_notify(Manager *m) {
-        union {
-                struct sockaddr sa;
-                struct sockaddr_un un;
-        } sa = {
-                .sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX,
-        };
-        int one = 1, r;
-
-        m->notify_fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0);
-        if (m->notify_fd < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to allocate notification socket: %m");
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        if (getpid() != 1 || detect_container(NULL) > 0)
-                snprintf(sa.un.sun_path, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path), NOTIFY_SOCKET "/%llu", random_ull());
-        else
-                strncpy(sa.un.sun_path, NOTIFY_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path));
-        sa.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
-
-        r = bind(m->notify_fd, &sa.sa, offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + strlen(sa.un.sun_path+1));
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("bind() failed: %m");
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        r = setsockopt(m->notify_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &one, sizeof(one));
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("SO_PASSCRED failed: %m");
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, m->notify_fd, EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_notify_fd, m, &m->notify_event_source);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                log_error("Failed to allocate notify event source: %s", strerror(-r));
-                return -errno;
-        }
-
-        sa.un.sun_path[0] = '@';
-        m->notify_socket = strdup(sa.un.sun_path);
-        if (!m->notify_socket)
-                return log_oom();
-
-        log_debug("Using notification socket %s", m->notify_socket);
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
 static int manager_watch_jobs_in_progress(Manager *m) {
+        usec_t next;
+
         assert(m);
 
         if (m->jobs_in_progress_event_source)
                 return 0;
 
-        return sd_event_add_monotonic(m->event, JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_WAIT_SEC, 0, manager_dispatch_jobs_in_progress, m, &m->jobs_in_progress_event_source);
+        next = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_WAIT_USEC;
+        return sd_event_add_monotonic(m->event, &m->jobs_in_progress_event_source, next, 0, manager_dispatch_jobs_in_progress, m);
 }
 
 #define CYLON_BUFFER_EXTRA (2*(sizeof(ANSI_RED_ON)-1) + sizeof(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_RED_ON)-1 + 2*(sizeof(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF)-1))
@@ -186,6 +139,18 @@ static void draw_cylon(char buffer[], size_t buflen, unsigned width, unsigned po
         }
 }
 
+void manager_flip_auto_status(Manager *m, bool enable) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (enable) {
+                if (m->show_status == SHOW_STATUS_AUTO)
+                        manager_set_show_status(m, SHOW_STATUS_TEMPORARY);
+        } else {
+                if (m->show_status == SHOW_STATUS_TEMPORARY)
+                        manager_set_show_status(m, SHOW_STATUS_AUTO);
+        }
+}
+
 static void manager_print_jobs_in_progress(Manager *m) {
         _cleanup_free_ char *job_of_n = NULL;
         Iterator i;
@@ -193,9 +158,13 @@ static void manager_print_jobs_in_progress(Manager *m) {
         unsigned counter = 0, print_nr;
         char cylon[6 + CYLON_BUFFER_EXTRA + 1];
         unsigned cylon_pos;
+        char time[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX], limit[FORMAT_TIMESPAN_MAX] = "no limit";
+        uint64_t x;
 
         assert(m);
 
+        manager_flip_auto_status(m, true);
+
         print_nr = (m->jobs_in_progress_iteration / JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_PERIOD_DIVISOR) % m->n_running_jobs;
 
         HASHMAP_FOREACH(j, m->jobs, i)
@@ -212,14 +181,23 @@ static void manager_print_jobs_in_progress(Manager *m) {
                 cylon_pos = 14 - cylon_pos;
         draw_cylon(cylon, sizeof(cylon), 6, cylon_pos);
 
+        m->jobs_in_progress_iteration++;
+
         if (m->n_running_jobs > 1)
                 if (asprintf(&job_of_n, "(%u of %u) ", counter, m->n_running_jobs) < 0)
                         job_of_n = NULL;
 
-        manager_status_printf(m, true, cylon, "%sA %s job is running for %s",
-                              strempty(job_of_n), job_type_to_string(j->type), unit_description(j->unit));
+        format_timespan(time, sizeof(time), now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) - j->begin_usec, 1*USEC_PER_SEC);
+        if (job_get_timeout(j, &x) > 0)
+                format_timespan(limit, sizeof(limit), x - j->begin_usec, 1*USEC_PER_SEC);
+
+        manager_status_printf(m, true, cylon,
+                              "%sA %s job is running for %s (%s / %s)",
+                              strempty(job_of_n),
+                              job_type_to_string(j->type),
+                              unit_description(j->unit),
+                              time, limit);
 
-        m->jobs_in_progress_iteration++;
 }
 
 static int manager_watch_idle_pipe(Manager *m) {
@@ -233,7 +211,7 @@ static int manager_watch_idle_pipe(Manager *m) {
         if (m->idle_pipe[2] < 0)
                 return 0;
 
-        r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, m->idle_pipe[2], EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_idle_pipe_fd, m, &m->idle_pipe_event_source);
+        r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, &m->idle_pipe_event_source, m->idle_pipe[2], EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_idle_pipe_fd, m);
         if (r < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to watch idle pipe: %s", strerror(-r));
                 return r;
@@ -277,7 +255,7 @@ static int manager_setup_time_change(Manager *m) {
                 return 0;
         }
 
-        r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, m->time_change_fd, EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_time_change_fd, m, &m->time_change_event_source);
+        r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, &m->time_change_event_source, m->time_change_fd, EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_time_change_fd, m);
         if (r < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to create time change event source: %s", strerror(-r));
                 return r;
@@ -307,7 +285,7 @@ static int enable_special_signals(Manager *m) {
         } else {
                 /* Enable that we get SIGWINCH on kbrequest */
                 if (ioctl(fd, KDSIGACCEPT, SIGWINCH) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to enable kbrequest handling: %s", strerror(errno));
+                        log_warning("Failed to enable kbrequest handling: %m");
         }
 
         return 0;
@@ -364,11 +342,14 @@ static int manager_setup_signals(Manager *m) {
         if (m->signal_fd < 0)
                 return -errno;
 
-        r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, m->signal_fd, EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_signal_fd, m, &m->signal_event_source);
+        r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, &m->signal_event_source, m->signal_fd, EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_signal_fd, m);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        /* Process signals a bit earlier than the rest of things */
+        /* Process signals a bit earlier than the rest of things, but
+         * later that notify_fd processing, so that the notify
+         * processing can still figure out to which process/service a
+         * message belongs, before we reap the process. */
         r = sd_event_source_set_priority(m->signal_event_source, -5);
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
@@ -379,6 +360,23 @@ static int manager_setup_signals(Manager *m) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+static void manager_clean_environment(Manager *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        /* Let's remove some environment variables that we
+         * need ourselves to communicate with our clients */
+        strv_env_unset_many(
+                        m->environment,
+                        "NOTIFY_SOCKET",
+                        "MAINPID",
+                        "MANAGERPID",
+                        "LISTEN_PID",
+                        "LISTEN_FDS",
+                        "WATCHDOG_PID",
+                        "WATCHDOG_USEC",
+                        NULL);
+}
+
 static int manager_default_environment(Manager *m) {
         assert(m);
 
@@ -395,23 +393,24 @@ static int manager_default_environment(Manager *m) {
 
                 /* Import locale variables LC_*= from configuration */
                 locale_setup(&m->environment);
-        } else
+        } else {
                 /* The user manager passes its own environment
                  * along to its children. */
                 m->environment = strv_copy(environ);
+        }
 
         if (!m->environment)
                 return -ENOMEM;
 
+        manager_clean_environment(m);
         strv_sort(m->environment);
 
         return 0;
 }
 
-int manager_new(SystemdRunningAs running_as, bool reexecuting, Manager **_m) {
+int manager_new(SystemdRunningAs running_as, Manager **_m) {
         Manager *m;
-        int r = -ENOMEM;
-        bool try_bus_connect = false;
+        int r;
 
         assert(_m);
         assert(running_as >= 0);
@@ -431,7 +430,7 @@ int manager_new(SystemdRunningAs running_as, bool reexecuting, Manager **_m) {
 
         m->idle_pipe[0] = m->idle_pipe[1] = m->idle_pipe[2] = m->idle_pipe[3] = -1;
 
-        m->pin_cgroupfs_fd = m->notify_fd = m->signal_fd = m->time_change_fd = m->dev_autofs_fd = m->private_listen_fd = -1;
+        m->pin_cgroupfs_fd = m->notify_fd = m->signal_fd = m->time_change_fd = m->dev_autofs_fd = m->private_listen_fd = m->kdbus_fd = -1;
         m->current_job_id = 1; /* start as id #1, so that we can leave #0 around as "null-like" value */
 
         r = manager_default_environment(m);
@@ -450,11 +449,11 @@ int manager_new(SystemdRunningAs running_as, bool reexecuting, Manager **_m) {
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&m->watch_pids, trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
+        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&m->watch_bus, string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        r = hashmap_ensure_allocated(&m->watch_bus, string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
+        r = set_ensure_allocated(&m->failed_units, trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
@@ -462,7 +461,7 @@ int manager_new(SystemdRunningAs running_as, bool reexecuting, Manager **_m) {
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        r = sd_event_add_defer(m->event, manager_dispatch_run_queue, m, &m->run_queue_event_source);
+        r = sd_event_add_defer(m->event, &m->run_queue_event_source, manager_dispatch_run_queue, m);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
@@ -482,25 +481,19 @@ int manager_new(SystemdRunningAs running_as, bool reexecuting, Manager **_m) {
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        r = manager_setup_notify(m);
-        if (r < 0)
-                goto fail;
-
         r = manager_setup_time_change(m);
         if (r < 0)
                 goto fail;
 
-        if (running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
-                try_bus_connect = reexecuting;
-        else if (getenv("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"))
-                try_bus_connect = true;
-        else
-                log_debug("Skipping DBus session bus connection attempt - no DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS set...");
-
-        /* Try to connect to the busses, if possible. */
-        r = bus_init(m, try_bus_connect);
-        if (r < 0)
+        m->udev = udev_new();
+        if (!m->udev) {
+                r = -ENOMEM;
                 goto fail;
+        }
+
+        /* Note that we set up neither kdbus, nor the notify fd
+         * here. We do that after deserialization, since they might
+         * have gotten serialized across the reexec. */
 
         m->taint_usr = dir_is_empty("/usr") > 0;
 
@@ -512,6 +505,121 @@ fail:
         return r;
 }
 
+static int manager_setup_notify(Manager *m) {
+        union {
+                struct sockaddr sa;
+                struct sockaddr_un un;
+        } sa = {
+                .sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX,
+        };
+        int one = 1, r;
+
+        if (m->notify_fd < 0) {
+                _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
+
+                /* First free all secondary fields */
+                free(m->notify_socket);
+                m->notify_socket = NULL;
+                m->notify_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(m->notify_event_source);
+
+                fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0);
+                if (fd < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to allocate notification socket: %m");
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                if (getpid() != 1 || detect_container(NULL) > 0)
+                        snprintf(sa.un.sun_path, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path), NOTIFY_SOCKET "/%" PRIx64, random_u64());
+                else
+                        strncpy(sa.un.sun_path, NOTIFY_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path));
+                sa.un.sun_path[0] = 0;
+
+                r = bind(fd, &sa.sa, offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + strlen(sa.un.sun_path+1));
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("bind() failed: %m");
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &one, sizeof(one));
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("SO_PASSCRED failed: %m");
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                sa.un.sun_path[0] = '@';
+                m->notify_socket = strdup(sa.un.sun_path);
+                if (!m->notify_socket)
+                        return log_oom();
+
+                m->notify_fd = fd;
+                fd = -1;
+
+                log_debug("Using notification socket %s", m->notify_socket);
+        }
+
+        if (!m->notify_event_source) {
+                r = sd_event_add_io(m->event, &m->notify_event_source, m->notify_fd, EPOLLIN, manager_dispatch_notify_fd, m);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to allocate notify event source: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        return -errno;
+                }
+
+                /* Process signals a bit earlier than SIGCHLD, so that we can
+                 * still identify to which service an exit message belongs */
+                r = sd_event_source_set_priority(m->notify_event_source, -7);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to set priority of notify event source: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        return r;
+                }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int manager_setup_kdbus(Manager *m) {
+#ifdef ENABLE_KDBUS
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_KDBUS
+        assert(m);
+
+        if (m->kdbus_fd >= 0)
+                return 0;
+
+        m->kdbus_fd = bus_kernel_create_bus(m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "system" : "user", m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM, &p);
+        if (m->kdbus_fd < 0) {
+                log_debug("Failed to set up kdbus: %s", strerror(-m->kdbus_fd));
+                return m->kdbus_fd;
+        }
+
+        log_debug("Successfully set up kdbus on %s", p);
+
+        /* Create the namespace directory here, so that the contents
+         * of that directory is not visible to non-root users. This is
+         * necessary to ensure that users cannot get access to busses
+         * of virtualized users when no UID namespacing is used. */
+        if (m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
+                mkdir_p_label("/dev/kdbus/domain", 0700);
+#endif
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
+static int manager_connect_bus(Manager *m, bool reexecuting) {
+        bool try_bus_connect;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        try_bus_connect =
+                m->kdbus_fd >= 0 ||
+                reexecuting ||
+                (m->running_as == SYSTEMD_USER && getenv("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"));
+
+        /* Try to connect to the busses, if possible. */
+        return bus_init(m, try_bus_connect);
+}
+
 static unsigned manager_dispatch_cleanup_queue(Manager *m) {
         Unit *u;
         unsigned n = 0;
@@ -672,9 +780,12 @@ void manager_free(Manager *m) {
 
         hashmap_free(m->units);
         hashmap_free(m->jobs);
-        hashmap_free(m->watch_pids);
+        hashmap_free(m->watch_pids1);
+        hashmap_free(m->watch_pids2);
         hashmap_free(m->watch_bus);
 
+        set_free(m->failed_units);
+
         sd_event_source_unref(m->signal_event_source);
         sd_event_source_unref(m->notify_event_source);
         sd_event_source_unref(m->time_change_event_source);
@@ -688,9 +799,12 @@ void manager_free(Manager *m) {
                 close_nointr_nofail(m->notify_fd);
         if (m->time_change_fd >= 0)
                 close_nointr_nofail(m->time_change_fd);
+        if (m->kdbus_fd >= 0)
+                close_nointr_nofail(m->kdbus_fd);
 
         manager_close_idle_pipe(m);
 
+        udev_unref(m->udev);
         sd_event_unref(m->event);
 
         free(m->notify_socket);
@@ -704,7 +818,7 @@ void manager_free(Manager *m) {
         free(m->switch_root);
         free(m->switch_root_init);
 
-        for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++)
+        for (i = 0; i < _RLIMIT_MAX; i++)
                 free(m->rlimit[i]);
 
         assert(hashmap_isempty(m->units_requiring_mounts_for));
@@ -733,7 +847,7 @@ int manager_enumerate(Manager *m) {
 }
 
 static int manager_coldplug(Manager *m) {
-        int r = 0, q;
+        int r = 0;
         Iterator i;
         Unit *u;
         char *k;
@@ -742,12 +856,14 @@ static int manager_coldplug(Manager *m) {
 
         /* Then, let's set up their initial state. */
         HASHMAP_FOREACH_KEY(u, k, m->units, i) {
+                int q;
 
                 /* ignore aliases */
                 if (u->id != k)
                         continue;
 
-                if ((q = unit_coldplug(u)) < 0)
+                q = unit_coldplug(u);
+                if (q < 0)
                         r = q;
         }
 
@@ -882,6 +998,16 @@ int manager_startup(Manager *m, FILE *serialization, FDSet *fds) {
                         r = q;
         }
 
+        /* We might have deserialized the notify fd, but if we didn't
+         * then let's create the bus now */
+        manager_setup_notify(m);
+
+        /* We might have deserialized the kdbus control fd, but if we
+         * didn't, then let's create the bus now. */
+        manager_setup_kdbus(m);
+        manager_connect_bus(m, !!serialization);
+        bus_track_coldplug(m, &m->subscribed, &m->deserialized_subscribed);
+
         /* Third, fire things up! */
         q = manager_coldplug(m);
         if (q < 0)
@@ -1037,11 +1163,11 @@ int manager_load_unit_prepare(
                 return sd_bus_error_setf(e, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Path %s is not absolute.", path);
 
         if (!name)
-                name = path_get_file_name(path);
+                name = basename(path);
 
         t = unit_name_to_type(name);
 
-        if (t == _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID || !unit_name_is_valid(name, false))
+        if (t == _UNIT_TYPE_INVALID || !unit_name_is_valid(name, TEMPLATE_INVALID))
                 return sd_bus_error_setf(e, SD_BUS_ERROR_INVALID_ARGS, "Unit name %s is not valid.", name);
 
         ret = manager_get_unit(m, name);
@@ -1201,6 +1327,26 @@ static unsigned manager_dispatch_dbus_queue(Manager *m) {
         return n;
 }
 
+static void manager_invoke_notify_message(Manager *m, Unit *u, pid_t pid, char *buf, size_t n) {
+        _cleanup_strv_free_ char **tags = NULL;
+
+        assert(m);
+        assert(u);
+        assert(buf);
+        assert(n > 0);
+
+        tags = strv_split(buf, "\n\r");
+        if (!tags) {
+                log_oom();
+                return;
+        }
+
+        log_debug_unit(u->id, "Got notification message for unit %s", u->id);
+
+        if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->notify_message)
+                UNIT_VTABLE(u)->notify_message(u, pid, tags);
+}
+
 static int manager_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata) {
         Manager *m = userdata;
         ssize_t n;
@@ -1219,6 +1365,7 @@ static int manager_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t
                         .iov_base = buf,
                         .iov_len = sizeof(buf)-1,
                 };
+                bool found = false;
 
                 union {
                         struct cmsghdr cmsghdr;
@@ -1233,7 +1380,6 @@ static int manager_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t
                 };
                 struct ucred *ucred;
                 Unit *u;
-                _cleanup_strv_free_ char **tags = NULL;
 
                 n = recvmsg(m->notify_fd, &msghdr, MSG_DONTWAIT);
                 if (n <= 0) {
@@ -1256,37 +1402,50 @@ static int manager_dispatch_notify_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t
 
                 ucred = (struct ucred*) CMSG_DATA(&control.cmsghdr);
 
-                u = hashmap_get(m->watch_pids, LONG_TO_PTR(ucred->pid));
-                if (!u) {
-                        u = manager_get_unit_by_pid(m, ucred->pid);
-                        if (!u) {
-                                log_warning("Cannot find unit for notify message of PID %lu.", (unsigned long) ucred->pid);
-                                continue;
-                        }
-                }
-
                 assert((size_t) n < sizeof(buf));
                 buf[n] = 0;
-                tags = strv_split(buf, "\n\r");
-                if (!tags)
-                        return log_oom();
 
-                log_debug_unit(u->id, "Got notification message for unit %s", u->id);
+                u = manager_get_unit_by_pid(m, ucred->pid);
+                if (u) {
+                        manager_invoke_notify_message(m, u, ucred->pid, buf, n);
+                        found = true;
+                }
+
+                u = hashmap_get(m->watch_pids1, LONG_TO_PTR(ucred->pid));
+                if (u) {
+                        manager_invoke_notify_message(m, u, ucred->pid, buf, n);
+                        found = true;
+                }
+
+                u = hashmap_get(m->watch_pids2, LONG_TO_PTR(ucred->pid));
+                if (u) {
+                        manager_invoke_notify_message(m, u, ucred->pid, buf, n);
+                        found = true;
+                }
 
-                if (UNIT_VTABLE(u)->notify_message)
-                        UNIT_VTABLE(u)->notify_message(u, ucred->pid, tags);
+                if (!found)
+                        log_warning("Cannot find unit for notify message of PID "PID_FMT".", ucred->pid);
         }
 
         return 0;
 }
 
+static void invoke_sigchld_event(Manager *m, Unit *u, siginfo_t *si) {
+        assert(m);
+        assert(u);
+        assert(si);
+
+        log_debug_unit(u->id, "Child "PID_FMT" belongs to %s", si->si_pid, u->id);
+
+        unit_unwatch_pid(u, si->si_pid);
+        UNIT_VTABLE(u)->sigchld_event(u, si->si_pid, si->si_code, si->si_status);
+}
+
 static int manager_dispatch_sigchld(Manager *m) {
         assert(m);
 
         for (;;) {
                 siginfo_t si = {};
-                Unit *u;
-                int r;
 
                 /* First we call waitd() for a PID and do not reap the
                  * zombie. That way we can still access /proc/$PID for
@@ -1307,23 +1466,30 @@ static int manager_dispatch_sigchld(Manager *m) {
 
                 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED || si.si_code == CLD_KILLED || si.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
                         _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL;
+                        Unit *u;
 
                         get_process_comm(si.si_pid, &name);
-                        log_debug("Got SIGCHLD for process %lu (%s)", (unsigned long) si.si_pid, strna(name));
-                }
 
-                /* Let's flush any message the dying child might still
-                 * have queued for us. This ensures that the process
-                 * still exists in /proc so that we can figure out
-                 * which cgroup and hence unit it belongs to. */
-                r = manager_dispatch_notify_fd(m->notify_event_source, m->notify_fd, EPOLLIN, m);
-                if (r < 0)
-                        return r;
+                        log_debug("Child "PID_FMT" (%s) died (code=%s, status=%i/%s)",
+                                  si.si_pid, strna(name),
+                                  sigchld_code_to_string(si.si_code),
+                                  si.si_status,
+                                  strna(si.si_code == CLD_EXITED
+                                        ? exit_status_to_string(si.si_status, EXIT_STATUS_FULL)
+                                        : signal_to_string(si.si_status)));
 
-                /* And now figure out the unit this belongs to */
-                u = hashmap_get(m->watch_pids, LONG_TO_PTR(si.si_pid));
-                if (!u)
+                        /* And now figure out the unit this belongs
+                         * to, it might be multiple... */
                         u = manager_get_unit_by_pid(m, si.si_pid);
+                        if (u)
+                                invoke_sigchld_event(m, u, &si);
+                        u = hashmap_get(m->watch_pids1, LONG_TO_PTR(si.si_pid));
+                        if (u)
+                                invoke_sigchld_event(m, u, &si);
+                        u = hashmap_get(m->watch_pids2, LONG_TO_PTR(si.si_pid));
+                        if (u)
+                                invoke_sigchld_event(m, u, &si);
+                }
 
                 /* And now, we actually reap the zombie. */
                 if (waitid(P_PID, si.si_pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
@@ -1332,26 +1498,6 @@ static int manager_dispatch_sigchld(Manager *m) {
 
                         return -errno;
                 }
-
-                if (si.si_code != CLD_EXITED && si.si_code != CLD_KILLED && si.si_code != CLD_DUMPED)
-                        continue;
-
-                log_debug("Child %lu died (code=%s, status=%i/%s)",
-                          (long unsigned) si.si_pid,
-                          sigchld_code_to_string(si.si_code),
-                          si.si_status,
-                          strna(si.si_code == CLD_EXITED
-                                ? exit_status_to_string(si.si_status, EXIT_STATUS_FULL)
-                                : signal_to_string(si.si_status)));
-
-                if (!u)
-                        continue;
-
-                log_debug_unit(u->id,
-                               "Child %lu belongs to %s", (long unsigned) si.si_pid, u->id);
-
-                hashmap_remove(m->watch_pids, LONG_TO_PTR(si.si_pid));
-                UNIT_VTABLE(u)->sigchld_event(u, si.si_pid, si.si_code, si.si_status);
         }
 
         return 0;
@@ -1397,17 +1543,10 @@ static int manager_dispatch_signal_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t
                         return -errno;
                 }
 
-                if (sfsi.ssi_pid > 0) {
-                        char *p = NULL;
-
-                        get_process_comm(sfsi.ssi_pid, &p);
-
-                        log_debug("Received SIG%s from PID %lu (%s).",
-                                  signal_to_string(sfsi.ssi_signo),
-                                  (unsigned long) sfsi.ssi_pid, strna(p));
-                        free(p);
-                } else
-                        log_debug("Received SIG%s.", signal_to_string(sfsi.ssi_signo));
+                log_received_signal(sfsi.ssi_signo == SIGCHLD ||
+                                    (sfsi.ssi_signo == SIGTERM && m->running_as == SYSTEMD_USER)
+                                    ? LOG_DEBUG : LOG_INFO,
+                                    &sfsi);
 
                 switch (sfsi.ssi_signo) {
 
@@ -1490,6 +1629,11 @@ static int manager_dispatch_signal_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t
                                 break;
                         }
 
+                        if (fflush(f)) {
+                                log_warning("Failed to flush status stream");
+                                break;
+                        }
+
                         log_dump(LOG_INFO, dump);
                         break;
                 }
@@ -1537,12 +1681,12 @@ static int manager_dispatch_signal_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t
 
                         case 20:
                                 log_debug("Enabling showing of status.");
-                                manager_set_show_status(m, true);
+                                manager_set_show_status(m, SHOW_STATUS_YES);
                                 break;
 
                         case 21:
                                 log_debug("Disabling showing of status.");
-                                manager_set_show_status(m, false);
+                                manager_set_show_status(m, SHOW_STATUS_NO);
                                 break;
 
                         case 22:
@@ -1592,7 +1736,7 @@ static int manager_dispatch_signal_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t
         }
 
         if (sigchld)
-                return manager_dispatch_sigchld(m);
+                manager_dispatch_sigchld(m);
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -1641,11 +1785,20 @@ static int manager_dispatch_idle_pipe_fd(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32
 
 static int manager_dispatch_jobs_in_progress(sd_event_source *source, usec_t usec, void *userdata) {
         Manager *m = userdata;
+        int r;
+        uint64_t next;
 
         assert(m);
+        assert(source);
 
         manager_print_jobs_in_progress(m);
-        return 0;
+
+        next = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_PERIOD_USEC;
+        r = sd_event_source_set_time(source, next);
+        if (r < 0)
+                return r;
+
+        return sd_event_source_set_enabled(source, SD_EVENT_ONESHOT);
 }
 
 int manager_loop(Manager *m) {
@@ -1654,7 +1807,7 @@ int manager_loop(Manager *m) {
         RATELIMIT_DEFINE(rl, 1*USEC_PER_SEC, 50000);
 
         assert(m);
-        m->exit_code = MANAGER_RUNNING;
+        m->exit_code = MANAGER_OK;
 
         /* Release the path cache */
         set_free_free(m->unit_path_cache);
@@ -1668,7 +1821,7 @@ int manager_loop(Manager *m) {
         if (r < 0)
                 return r;
 
-        while (m->exit_code == MANAGER_RUNNING) {
+        while (m->exit_code == MANAGER_OK) {
                 usec_t wait_usec;
 
                 if (m->runtime_watchdog > 0 && m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
@@ -1766,7 +1919,7 @@ int manager_get_job_from_dbus_path(Manager *m, const char *s, Job **_j) {
 void manager_send_unit_audit(Manager *m, Unit *u, int type, bool success) {
 
 #ifdef HAVE_AUDIT
-        char *p;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
         int audit_fd;
 
         audit_fd = get_audit_fd();
@@ -1799,17 +1952,19 @@ void manager_send_unit_audit(Manager *m, Unit *u, int type, bool success) {
                 } else
                         log_warning("Failed to send audit message: %m");
         }
-
-        free(p);
 #endif
 
 }
 
 void manager_send_unit_plymouth(Manager *m, Unit *u) {
-        int fd = -1;
-        union sockaddr_union sa;
+        union sockaddr_union sa = {
+                .un.sun_family = AF_UNIX,
+                .un.sun_path = "\0/org/freedesktop/plymouthd",
+        };
+
         int n = 0;
-        char *message = NULL;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *message = NULL;
+        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
 
         /* Don't generate plymouth events if the service was already
          * started and we're just deserializing */
@@ -1835,46 +1990,22 @@ void manager_send_unit_plymouth(Manager *m, Unit *u) {
                 return;
         }
 
-        zero(sa);
-        sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
-        strncpy(sa.un.sun_path+1, "/org/freedesktop/plymouthd", sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)-1);
         if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + strlen(sa.un.sun_path+1)) < 0) {
 
-                if (errno != EPIPE &&
-                    errno != EAGAIN &&
-                    errno != ENOENT &&
-                    errno != ECONNREFUSED &&
-                    errno != ECONNRESET &&
-                    errno != ECONNABORTED)
+                if (!IN_SET(errno, EPIPE, EAGAIN, ENOENT, ECONNREFUSED, ECONNRESET, ECONNABORTED))
                         log_error("connect() failed: %m");
-
-                goto finish;
+                return;
         }
 
         if (asprintf(&message, "U\002%c%s%n", (int) (strlen(u->id) + 1), u->id, &n) < 0) {
                 log_oom();
-                goto finish;
+                return;
         }
 
         errno = 0;
-        if (write(fd, message, n + 1) != n + 1) {
-
-                if (errno != EPIPE &&
-                    errno != EAGAIN &&
-                    errno != ENOENT &&
-                    errno != ECONNREFUSED &&
-                    errno != ECONNRESET &&
-                    errno != ECONNABORTED)
+        if (write(fd, message, n + 1) != n + 1)
+                if (!IN_SET(errno, EPIPE, EAGAIN, ENOENT, ECONNREFUSED, ECONNRESET, ECONNABORTED))
                         log_error("Failed to write Plymouth message: %m");
-
-                goto finish;
-        }
-
-finish:
-        if (fd >= 0)
-                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
-
-        free(message);
 }
 
 void manager_dispatch_bus_name_owner_changed(
@@ -1896,37 +2027,24 @@ void manager_dispatch_bus_name_owner_changed(
 }
 
 int manager_open_serialization(Manager *m, FILE **_f) {
-        char *path = NULL;
+        const char *path;
         int fd = -1;
         FILE *f;
 
         assert(_f);
 
-        if (m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
-                asprintf(&path, "/run/systemd/dump-%lu-XXXXXX", (unsigned long) getpid());
-        else
-                asprintf(&path, "/tmp/systemd-dump-%lu-XXXXXX", (unsigned long) getpid());
-
-        if (!path)
-                return -ENOMEM;
-
-        RUN_WITH_UMASK(0077) {
-                fd = mkostemp(path, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
-        }
-
-        if (fd < 0) {
-                free(path);
+        path = m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? "/run/systemd" : "/tmp";
+        fd = open_tmpfile(path, O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
+        if (fd < 0)
                 return -errno;
-        }
-
-        unlink(path);
 
         log_debug("Serializing state to %s", path);
-        free(path);
 
         f = fdopen(fd, "w+");
-        if (!f)
+        if (!f) {
+                close_nointr_nofail(fd);
                 return -errno;
+        }
 
         *_f = f;
 
@@ -1972,12 +2090,35 @@ int manager_serialize(Manager *m, FILE *f, FDSet *fds, bool switching_root) {
                         _cleanup_free_ char *ce;
 
                         ce = cescape(*e);
-                        if (ce)
-                                fprintf(f, "env=%s\n", *e);
+                        if (!ce)
+                                return -ENOMEM;
+
+                        fprintf(f, "env=%s\n", *e);
                 }
         }
 
-        bus_serialize(m, f);
+        if (m->notify_fd >= 0) {
+                int copy;
+
+                copy = fdset_put_dup(fds, m->notify_fd);
+                if (copy < 0)
+                        return copy;
+
+                fprintf(f, "notify-fd=%i\n", copy);
+                fprintf(f, "notify-socket=%s\n", m->notify_socket);
+        }
+
+        if (m->kdbus_fd >= 0) {
+                int copy;
+
+                copy = fdset_put_dup(fds, m->kdbus_fd);
+                if (copy < 0)
+                        return copy;
+
+                fprintf(f, "kdbus-fd=%i\n", copy);
+        }
+
+        bus_track_serialize(m->subscribed, f);
 
         fputc('\n', f);
 
@@ -2067,7 +2208,8 @@ int manager_deserialize(Manager *m, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
                 } else if (startswith(l, "taint-usr=")) {
                         int b;
 
-                        if ((b = parse_boolean(l+10)) < 0)
+                        b = parse_boolean(l+10);
+                        if (b < 0)
                                 log_debug("Failed to parse taint /usr flag %s", l+10);
                         else
                                 m->taint_usr = m->taint_usr || b;
@@ -2114,7 +2256,46 @@ int manager_deserialize(Manager *m, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
 
                         strv_free(m->environment);
                         m->environment = e;
-                } else if (bus_deserialize_item(m, l) == 0)
+
+                } else if (startswith(l, "notify-fd=")) {
+                        int fd;
+
+                        if (safe_atoi(l + 10, &fd) < 0 || fd < 0 || !fdset_contains(fds, fd))
+                                log_debug("Failed to parse notify fd: %s", l + 10);
+                        else {
+                                if (m->notify_fd >= 0) {
+                                        m->notify_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(m->notify_event_source);
+                                        close_nointr_nofail(m->notify_fd);
+                                }
+
+                                m->notify_fd = fdset_remove(fds, fd);
+                        }
+
+                } else if (startswith(l, "notify-socket=")) {
+                        char *n;
+
+                        n = strdup(l+14);
+                        if (!n) {
+                                r = -ENOMEM;
+                                goto finish;
+                        }
+
+                        free(m->notify_socket);
+                        m->notify_socket = n;
+
+                } else if (startswith(l, "kdbus-fd=")) {
+                        int fd;
+
+                        if (safe_atoi(l + 9, &fd) < 0 || fd < 0 || !fdset_contains(fds, fd))
+                                log_debug("Failed to parse kdbus fd: %s", l + 9);
+                        else {
+                                if (m->kdbus_fd >= 0)
+                                        close_nointr_nofail(m->kdbus_fd);
+
+                                m->kdbus_fd = fdset_remove(fds, fd);
+                        }
+
+                } else if (bus_track_deserialize_item(&m->deserialized_subscribed, l) == 0)
                         log_debug("Unknown serialization item '%s'", l);
         }
 
@@ -2144,10 +2325,8 @@ int manager_deserialize(Manager *m, FILE *f, FDSet *fds) {
         }
 
 finish:
-        if (ferror(f)) {
+        if (ferror(f))
                 r = -EIO;
-                goto finish;
-        }
 
         assert(m->n_reloading > 0);
         m->n_reloading --;
@@ -2217,6 +2396,11 @@ int manager_reload(Manager *m) {
         fclose(f);
         f = NULL;
 
+        /* Re-register notify_fd as event source */
+        q = manager_setup_notify(m);
+        if (q < 0)
+                r = q;
+
         /* Third, fire things up! */
         q = manager_coldplug(m);
         if (q < 0)
@@ -2287,11 +2471,17 @@ void manager_check_finished(Manager *m) {
                 m->jobs_in_progress_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(m->jobs_in_progress_event_source);
 
         if (hashmap_size(m->jobs) > 0) {
-                if (m->jobs_in_progress_event_source)
-                        sd_event_source_set_time(m->jobs_in_progress_event_source, JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_PERIOD_SEC);
+
+                if (m->jobs_in_progress_event_source) {
+                        sd_event_source_set_time(m->jobs_in_progress_event_source,
+                                                 now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) + JOBS_IN_PROGRESS_WAIT_USEC);
+                }
+
                 return;
         }
 
+        manager_flip_auto_status(m, false);
+
         /* Notify Type=idle units that we are done now */
         m->idle_pipe_event_source = sd_event_source_unref(m->idle_pipe_event_source);
         manager_close_idle_pipe(m);
@@ -2324,9 +2514,9 @@ void manager_check_finished(Manager *m) {
                         if (!log_on_console())
                                 log_struct(LOG_INFO,
                                            MESSAGE_ID(SD_MESSAGE_STARTUP_FINISHED),
-                                           "KERNEL_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) kernel_usec,
-                                           "INITRD_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) initrd_usec,
-                                           "USERSPACE_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) userspace_usec,
+                                           "KERNEL_USEC="USEC_FMT, kernel_usec,
+                                           "INITRD_USEC="USEC_FMT, initrd_usec,
+                                           "USERSPACE_USEC="USEC_FMT, userspace_usec,
                                            "MESSAGE=Startup finished in %s (kernel) + %s (initrd) + %s (userspace) = %s.",
                                            format_timespan(kernel, sizeof(kernel), kernel_usec, USEC_PER_MSEC),
                                            format_timespan(initrd, sizeof(initrd), initrd_usec, USEC_PER_MSEC),
@@ -2340,8 +2530,8 @@ void manager_check_finished(Manager *m) {
                         if (!log_on_console())
                                 log_struct(LOG_INFO,
                                            MESSAGE_ID(SD_MESSAGE_STARTUP_FINISHED),
-                                           "KERNEL_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) kernel_usec,
-                                           "USERSPACE_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) userspace_usec,
+                                           "KERNEL_USEC="USEC_FMT, kernel_usec,
+                                           "USERSPACE_USEC="USEC_FMT, userspace_usec,
                                            "MESSAGE=Startup finished in %s (kernel) + %s (userspace) = %s.",
                                            format_timespan(kernel, sizeof(kernel), kernel_usec, USEC_PER_MSEC),
                                            format_timespan(userspace, sizeof(userspace), userspace_usec, USEC_PER_MSEC),
@@ -2355,7 +2545,7 @@ void manager_check_finished(Manager *m) {
                 if (!log_on_console())
                         log_struct(LOG_INFO,
                                    MESSAGE_ID(SD_MESSAGE_STARTUP_FINISHED),
-                                   "USERSPACE_USEC=%llu", (unsigned long long) userspace_usec,
+                                   "USERSPACE_USEC="USEC_FMT, userspace_usec,
                                    "MESSAGE=Startup finished in %s.",
                                    format_timespan(sum, sizeof(sum), total_usec, USEC_PER_MSEC),
                                    NULL);
@@ -2380,11 +2570,29 @@ static int create_generator_dir(Manager *m, char **generator, const char *name)
                 return 0;
 
         if (m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && getpid() == 1) {
+                /* systemd --system, not running --test */
 
                 p = strappend("/run/systemd/", name);
                 if (!p)
                         return log_oom();
 
+                r = mkdir_p_label(p, 0755);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to create generator directory %s: %s",
+                                  p, strerror(-r));
+                        free(p);
+                        return r;
+                }
+        } else if (m->running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
+                const char *s = NULL;
+
+                s = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+                if (!s)
+                        return -EINVAL;
+                p = strjoin(s, "/systemd/", name, NULL);
+                if (!p)
+                        return log_oom();
+
                 r = mkdir_p_label(p, 0755);
                 if (r < 0) {
                         log_error("Failed to create generator directory %s: %s",
@@ -2393,6 +2601,8 @@ static int create_generator_dir(Manager *m, char **generator, const char *name)
                         return r;
                 }
         } else {
+                /* systemd --system --test */
+
                 p = strjoin("/tmp/systemd-", name, ".XXXXXX", NULL);
                 if (!p)
                         return log_oom();
@@ -2462,7 +2672,7 @@ void manager_run_generators(Manager *m) {
         argv[4] = NULL;
 
         RUN_WITH_UMASK(0022)
-                execute_directory(generator_path, d, (char**) argv);
+                execute_directory(generator_path, d, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC, (char**) argv);
 
 finish:
         trim_generator_dir(m, &m->generator_unit_path);
@@ -2521,7 +2731,10 @@ int manager_environment_add(Manager *m, char **minus, char **plus) {
         if (b != l)
                 strv_free(b);
 
-        m->environment = strv_sort(l);
+        m->environment = l;
+        manager_clean_environment(m);
+        strv_sort(m->environment);
+
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -2530,7 +2743,7 @@ int manager_set_default_rlimits(Manager *m, struct rlimit **default_rlimit) {
 
         assert(m);
 
-        for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
+        for (i = 0; i < _RLIMIT_MAX; i++) {
                 if (!default_rlimit[i])
                         continue;
 
@@ -2567,15 +2780,16 @@ void manager_recheck_journal(Manager *m) {
         log_open();
 }
 
-void manager_set_show_status(Manager *m, bool b) {
+void manager_set_show_status(Manager *m, ShowStatus mode) {
         assert(m);
+        assert(IN_SET(mode, SHOW_STATUS_AUTO, SHOW_STATUS_NO, SHOW_STATUS_YES, SHOW_STATUS_TEMPORARY));
 
         if (m->running_as != SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
                 return;
 
-        m->show_status = b;
+        m->show_status = mode;
 
-        if (b)
+        if (mode > 0)
                 touch("/run/systemd/show-status");
         else
                 unlink("/run/systemd/show-status");
@@ -2590,7 +2804,7 @@ static bool manager_get_show_status(Manager *m) {
         if (m->no_console_output)
                 return false;
 
-        if (m->show_status)
+        if (m->show_status > 0)
                 return true;
 
         /* If Plymouth is running make sure we show the status, so
@@ -2652,3 +2866,53 @@ Set *manager_get_units_requiring_mounts_for(Manager *m, const char *path) {
 
         return hashmap_get(m->units_requiring_mounts_for, streq(p, "/") ? "" : p);
 }
+
+const char *manager_get_runtime_prefix(Manager *m) {
+        assert(m);
+
+        return m->running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ?
+               "/run" :
+               getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+}
+
+ManagerState manager_state(Manager *m) {
+        Unit *u;
+
+        assert(m);
+
+        /* Did we ever finish booting? If not then we are still starting up */
+        if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(&m->finish_timestamp))
+                return MANAGER_STARTING;
+
+        /* Is the special shutdown target queued? If so, we are in shutdown state */
+        u = manager_get_unit(m, SPECIAL_SHUTDOWN_TARGET);
+        if (u && u->job && IN_SET(u->job->type, JOB_START, JOB_RESTART, JOB_TRY_RESTART, JOB_RELOAD_OR_START))
+                return MANAGER_STOPPING;
+
+        /* Are the rescue or emergency targets active or queued? If so we are in maintenance state */
+        u = manager_get_unit(m, SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET);
+        if (u && (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(u)) ||
+                  (u->job && IN_SET(u->job->type, JOB_START, JOB_RESTART, JOB_TRY_RESTART, JOB_RELOAD_OR_START))))
+                return MANAGER_MAINTENANCE;
+
+        u = manager_get_unit(m, SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET);
+        if (u && (UNIT_IS_ACTIVE_OR_ACTIVATING(unit_active_state(u)) ||
+                  (u->job && IN_SET(u->job->type, JOB_START, JOB_RESTART, JOB_TRY_RESTART, JOB_RELOAD_OR_START))))
+                return MANAGER_MAINTENANCE;
+
+        /* Are there any failed units? If so, we are in degraded mode */
+        if (set_size(m->failed_units) > 0)
+                return MANAGER_DEGRADED;
+
+        return MANAGER_RUNNING;
+}
+
+static const char *const manager_state_table[_MANAGER_STATE_MAX] = {
+        [MANAGER_STARTING] = "starting",
+        [MANAGER_RUNNING] = "running",
+        [MANAGER_DEGRADED] = "degraded",
+        [MANAGER_MAINTENANCE] = "maintenance",
+        [MANAGER_STOPPING] = "stopping",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(manager_state, ManagerState);