chiark / gitweb /
udev: support ENV{}=="" global property matches
[elogind.git] / src / core / main.c
index fb34e4d3d19982ff286541ea8e4f7d8d298e7657..56a1f6193c974d2316fd93b784b7bf7768e166e2 100644 (file)
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
 #include <valgrind/valgrind.h>
 #endif
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+#include <seccomp.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "sd-daemon.h"
 #include "sd-messages.h"
 #include "conf-parser.h"
 #include "missing.h"
 #include "label.h"
+#include "pager.h"
 #include "build.h"
 #include "strv.h"
 #include "def.h"
 #include "virt.h"
+#include "architecture.h"
 #include "watchdog.h"
 #include "path-util.h"
 #include "switch-root.h"
 #include "capability.h"
 #include "killall.h"
 #include "env-util.h"
-#include "hwclock.h"
+#include "clock-util.h"
 #include "fileio.h"
 #include "dbus-manager.h"
 #include "bus-error.h"
@@ -82,16 +87,15 @@ static enum {
         ACTION_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
         ACTION_DONE
 } arg_action = ACTION_RUN;
-
 static char *arg_default_unit = NULL;
 static SystemdRunningAs arg_running_as = _SYSTEMD_RUNNING_AS_INVALID;
-
 static bool arg_dump_core = true;
 static bool arg_crash_shell = false;
 static int arg_crash_chvt = -1;
 static bool arg_confirm_spawn = false;
-static bool arg_show_status = true;
+static ShowStatus arg_show_status = _SHOW_STATUS_UNSET;
 static bool arg_switched_root = false;
+static int arg_no_pager = -1;
 static char ***arg_join_controllers = NULL;
 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_output = EXEC_OUTPUT_JOURNAL;
 static ExecOutput arg_default_std_error = EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
@@ -103,13 +107,24 @@ static unsigned arg_default_start_limit_burst = DEFAULT_START_LIMIT_BURST;
 static usec_t arg_runtime_watchdog = 0;
 static usec_t arg_shutdown_watchdog = 10 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
 static char **arg_default_environment = NULL;
-static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NLIMITS] = {};
+static struct rlimit *arg_default_rlimit[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {};
 static uint64_t arg_capability_bounding_set_drop = 0;
-static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = (nsec_t) -1;
+static nsec_t arg_timer_slack_nsec = NSEC_INFINITY;
+static usec_t arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec = 1 * USEC_PER_MINUTE;
+static Set* arg_syscall_archs = NULL;
+static FILE* arg_serialization = NULL;
+static bool arg_default_cpu_accounting = false;
+static bool arg_default_blockio_accounting = false;
+static bool arg_default_memory_accounting = false;
+
+static void nop_handler(int sig) {}
 
-static FILE* serialization = NULL;
+static void pager_open_if_enabled(void) {
 
-static void nop_handler(int sig) {
+        if (arg_no_pager <= 0)
+                return;
+
+        pager_open(false);
 }
 
 noreturn static void crash(int sig) {
@@ -213,31 +228,25 @@ static void install_crash_handler(void) {
         sigaction_many(&sa, SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER, -1);
 }
 
-static int console_setup(bool do_reset) {
-        int tty_fd, r;
-
-        /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to /dev/null
-         * and make sure we don't have a controlling tty. */
-
-        release_terminal();
-
-        if (!do_reset)
-                return 0;
+static int console_setup(void) {
+        _cleanup_close_ int tty_fd = -1;
+        int r;
 
         tty_fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
         if (tty_fd < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to open /dev/console: %s", strerror(-tty_fd));
-                return -tty_fd;
+                return tty_fd;
         }
 
-        /* We don't want to force text mode.
-         * plymouth may be showing pictures already from initrd. */
+        /* We don't want to force text mode.  plymouth may be showing
+         * pictures already from initrd. */
         r = reset_terminal_fd(tty_fd, false);
-        if (r < 0)
+        if (r < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to reset /dev/console: %s", strerror(-r));
+                return r;
+        }
 
-        close_nointr_nofail(tty_fd);
-        return r;
+        return 0;
 }
 
 static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
@@ -255,11 +264,12 @@ static int set_default_unit(const char *u) {
         return 0;
 }
 
-static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
+static int parse_proc_cmdline_item(const char *key, const char *value) {
 
         static const char * const rlmap[] = {
                 "emergency", SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
                 "-b",        SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_TARGET,
+                "rescue",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
                 "single",    SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
                 "-s",        SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
                 "s",         SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
@@ -270,160 +280,107 @@ static int parse_proc_cmdline_word(const char *word) {
                 "4",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
                 "5",         SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
         };
+        int r;
 
-        assert(word);
+        assert(key);
 
-        if (startswith(word, "systemd.unit=")) {
+        if (streq(key, "systemd.unit") && value) {
 
                 if (!in_initrd())
-                        return set_default_unit(word + 13);
+                        return set_default_unit(value);
 
-        } else if (startswith(word, "rd.systemd.unit=")) {
+        } else if (streq(key, "rd.systemd.unit") && value) {
 
                 if (in_initrd())
-                        return set_default_unit(word + 16);
-
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_target=")) {
-
-                if (log_set_target_from_string(word + 19) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse log target %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
-
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_level=")) {
+                        return set_default_unit(value);
 
-                if (log_set_max_level_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse log level %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
-
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_color=")) {
-
-                if (log_show_color_from_string(word + 18) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse log color setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
-
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.log_location=")) {
-
-                if (log_show_location_from_string(word + 21) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse log location setting %s. Ignoring.", word + 21);
-
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.dump_core=")) {
-                int r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.dump_core") && value) {
 
-                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 18)) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 18);
+                r = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse dump core switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
                 else
                         arg_dump_core = r;
 
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_shell=")) {
-                int r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.crash_shell") && value) {
 
-                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
+                r = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash shell switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
                 else
                         arg_crash_shell = r;
 
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.confirm_spawn=")) {
-                int r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.crash_chvt") && value) {
 
-                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 22)) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 22);
+                if (safe_atoi(value, &r) < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
                 else
-                        arg_confirm_spawn = r;
+                        arg_crash_chvt = r;
 
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.crash_chvt=")) {
-                int k;
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.confirm_spawn") && value) {
 
-                if (safe_atoi(word + 19, &k) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse crash chvt switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 19);
+                r = parse_boolean(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse confirm spawn switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
                 else
-                        arg_crash_chvt = k;
+                        arg_confirm_spawn = r;
 
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.show_status=")) {
-                int r;
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.show_status") && value) {
 
-                if ((r = parse_boolean(word + 20)) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 20);
-                else
-                        arg_show_status = r;
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_output=")) {
-                int r;
+                r = parse_show_status(value, &arg_show_status);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse show status switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
 
-                if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 32)) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 32);
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_output") && value) {
+
+                r = exec_output_from_string(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard output switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
                 else
                         arg_default_std_output = r;
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.default_standard_error=")) {
-                int r;
 
-                if ((r = exec_output_from_string(word + 31)) < 0)
-                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", word + 31);
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.default_standard_error") && value) {
+
+                r = exec_output_from_string(value);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse default standard error switch %s. Ignoring.", value);
                 else
                         arg_default_std_error = r;
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.setenv=")) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *cenv = NULL;
 
-                cenv = strdup(word + 15);
-                if (!cenv)
-                        return -ENOMEM;
+        } else if (streq(key, "systemd.setenv") && value) {
 
-                if (env_assignment_is_valid(cenv)) {
+                if (env_assignment_is_valid(value)) {
                         char **env;
 
-                        env = strv_env_set(arg_default_environment, cenv);
+                        env = strv_env_set(arg_default_environment, value);
                         if (env)
                                 arg_default_environment = env;
                         else
-                                log_warning("Setting environment variable '%s' failed, ignoring: %m", cenv);
+                                log_warning("Setting environment variable '%s' failed, ignoring: %s", value, strerror(ENOMEM));
                 } else
-                        log_warning("Environment variable name '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", cenv);
-
-        } else if (startswith(word, "systemd.") ||
-                   (in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd.systemd."))) {
-
-                const char *c;
-
-                /* Ignore systemd.journald.xyz and friends */
-                c = word;
-                if (startswith(c, "rd."))
-                        c += 3;
-                if (startswith(c, "systemd."))
-                        c += 8;
-                if (c[strcspn(c, ".=")] != '.')  {
-
-                        log_warning("Unknown kernel switch %s. Ignoring.", word);
-
-                        log_info("Supported kernel switches:\n"
-                                 "systemd.unit=UNIT                        Default unit to start\n"
-                                 "rd.systemd.unit=UNIT                     Default unit to start when run in initrd\n"
-                                 "systemd.dump_core=0|1                    Dump core on crash\n"
-                                 "systemd.crash_shell=0|1                  Run shell on crash\n"
-                                 "systemd.crash_chvt=N                     Change to VT #N on crash\n"
-                                 "systemd.confirm_spawn=0|1                Confirm every process spawn\n"
-                                 "systemd.show_status=0|1                  Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
-                                 "systemd.log_target=console|kmsg|journal|journal-or-kmsg|syslog|syslog-or-kmsg|null\n"
-                                 "                                         Log target\n"
-                                 "systemd.log_level=LEVEL                  Log level\n"
-                                 "systemd.log_color=0|1                    Highlight important log messages\n"
-                                 "systemd.log_location=0|1                 Include code location in log messages\n"
-                                 "systemd.default_standard_output=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
-                                 "                                         Set default log output for services\n"
-                                 "systemd.default_standard_error=null|tty|syslog|syslog+console|kmsg|kmsg+console|journal|journal+console\n"
-                                 "                                         Set default log error output for services\n"
-                                 "systemd.setenv=ASSIGNMENT                Set an environment variable for all spawned processes\n");
-                }
+                        log_warning("Environment variable name '%s' is not valid. Ignoring.", value);
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "quiet") && !value) {
+
+                log_set_max_level(LOG_NOTICE);
+
+                if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_UNSET)
+                        arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_AUTO;
+
+        } else if (streq(key, "debug") && !value) {
 
-        } else if (streq(word, "quiet"))
-                arg_show_status = false;
-        else if (streq(word, "debug")) {
-                /* Log to kmsg, the journal socket will fill up before the
-                 * journal is started and tools running during that time
-                 * will block with every log message for for 60 seconds,
-                 * before they give up. */
-                log_set_max_level(LOG_DEBUG);
-                log_set_target(detect_container(NULL) > 0 ? LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE : LOG_TARGET_KMSG);
-        } else if (!in_initrd()) {
+                /* Note that log_parse_environment() handles 'debug'
+                 * too, and sets the log level to LOG_DEBUG. */
+
+                if (detect_container(NULL) > 0)
+                        log_set_target(LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE);
+
+        } else if (!in_initrd() && !value) {
                 unsigned i;
 
                 /* SysV compatibility */
                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(rlmap); i += 2)
-                        if (streq(word, rlmap[i]))
+                        if (streq(key, rlmap[i]))
                                 return set_default_unit(rlmap[i+1]);
         }
 
@@ -462,20 +419,20 @@ DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_target, log_set_target_from_string, "target")
 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_color, log_show_color_from_string, "color" )
 DEFINE_SETTER(config_parse_location, log_show_location_from_string, "location")
 
-static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(const char *unit,
-                                      const char *filename,
-                                      unsigned line,
-                                      const char *section,
-                                      unsigned section_line,
-                                      const char *lvalue,
-                                      int ltype,
-                                      const char *rvalue,
-                                      void *data,
-                                      void *userdata) {
-
-        char *w;
+static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(
+                const char *unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        const char *word, *state;
         size_t l;
-        char *state;
         cpu_set_t *c = NULL;
         unsigned ncpus = 0;
 
@@ -483,12 +440,12 @@ static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(const char *unit,
         assert(lvalue);
         assert(rvalue);
 
-        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, rvalue, state) {
+        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, rvalue, state) {
                 char *t;
                 int r;
                 unsigned cpu;
 
-                if (!(t = strndup(w, l)))
+                if (!(t = strndup(word, l)))
                         return log_oom();
 
                 r = safe_atou(t, &cpu);
@@ -507,6 +464,9 @@ static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(const char *unit,
 
                 CPU_SET_S(cpu, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c);
         }
+        if (!isempty(state))
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, EINVAL,
+                           "Trailing garbage, ignoring.");
 
         if (c) {
                 if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(ncpus), c) < 0)
@@ -518,6 +478,36 @@ static int config_parse_cpu_affinity2(const char *unit,
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int config_parse_show_status(
+                const char* unit,
+                const char *filename,
+                unsigned line,
+                const char *section,
+                unsigned section_line,
+                const char *lvalue,
+                int ltype,
+                const char *rvalue,
+                void *data,
+                void *userdata) {
+
+        int k;
+        ShowStatus *b = data;
+
+        assert(filename);
+        assert(lvalue);
+        assert(rvalue);
+        assert(data);
+
+        k = parse_show_status(rvalue, b);
+        if (k < 0) {
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, -k,
+                           "Failed to parse show status setting, ignoring: %s", rvalue);
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+}
+
 static void strv_free_free(char ***l) {
         char ***i;
 
@@ -547,7 +537,7 @@ static int config_parse_join_controllers(const char *unit,
                                          void *userdata) {
 
         unsigned n = 0;
-        char *state, *w;
+        const char *word, *state;
         size_t length;
 
         assert(filename);
@@ -556,10 +546,10 @@ static int config_parse_join_controllers(const char *unit,
 
         free_join_controllers();
 
-        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, length, rvalue, state) {
+        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, length, rvalue, state) {
                 char *s, **l;
 
-                s = strndup(w, length);
+                s = strndup(word, length);
                 if (!s)
                         return log_oom();
 
@@ -625,6 +615,9 @@ static int config_parse_join_controllers(const char *unit,
                         arg_join_controllers = t;
                 }
         }
+        if (!isempty(state))
+                log_syntax(unit, LOG_ERR, filename, line, EINVAL,
+                           "Trailing garbage, ignoring.");
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -632,93 +625,61 @@ static int config_parse_join_controllers(const char *unit,
 static int parse_config_file(void) {
 
         const ConfigTableItem items[] = {
-                { "Manager", "LogLevel",              config_parse_level2,       0, NULL                     },
-                { "Manager", "LogTarget",             config_parse_target,       0, NULL                     },
-                { "Manager", "LogColor",              config_parse_color,        0, NULL                     },
-                { "Manager", "LogLocation",           config_parse_location,     0, NULL                     },
-                { "Manager", "DumpCore",              config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_dump_core           },
-                { "Manager", "CrashShell",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_crash_shell         },
-                { "Manager", "ShowStatus",            config_parse_bool,         0, &arg_show_status         },
-                { "Manager", "CrashChVT",             config_parse_int,          0, &arg_crash_chvt          },
-                { "Manager", "CPUAffinity",           config_parse_cpu_affinity2, 0, NULL                    },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput", config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_output  },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError",  config_parse_output,       0, &arg_default_std_error   },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStartSec", config_parse_sec,         0, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStopSec", config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_default_timeout_stop_usec  },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultRestartSec",     config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_default_restart_usec  },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitInterval", config_parse_sec,      0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitBurst", config_parse_unsigned,    0, &arg_default_start_limit_burst },
-                { "Manager", "JoinControllers",       config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers },
-                { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec",    config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_runtime_watchdog    },
-                { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec",   config_parse_sec,          0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog   },
-                { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet", config_parse_bounding_set, 0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop },
-                { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec",        config_parse_nsec,         0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec    },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment",    config_parse_environ,      0, &arg_default_environment },
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS",       config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS",        config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK",   config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS",     config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE",  config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE",      config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]},
-                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME",    config_parse_limit,        0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]},
-                { NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL }
+                { "Manager", "LogLevel",                  config_parse_level2,           0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "LogTarget",                 config_parse_target,           0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "LogColor",                  config_parse_color,            0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "LogLocation",               config_parse_location,         0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "DumpCore",                  config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_dump_core                         },
+                { "Manager", "CrashShell",                config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_crash_shell                       },
+                { "Manager", "ShowStatus",                config_parse_show_status,      0, &arg_show_status                       },
+                { "Manager", "CrashChVT",                 config_parse_int,              0, &arg_crash_chvt                        },
+                { "Manager", "CPUAffinity",               config_parse_cpu_affinity2,    0, NULL                                   },
+                { "Manager", "JoinControllers",           config_parse_join_controllers, 0, &arg_join_controllers                  },
+                { "Manager", "RuntimeWatchdogSec",        config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_runtime_watchdog                  },
+                { "Manager", "ShutdownWatchdogSec",       config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_shutdown_watchdog                 },
+                { "Manager", "CapabilityBoundingSet",     config_parse_bounding_set,     0, &arg_capability_bounding_set_drop      },
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+                { "Manager", "SystemCallArchitectures",   config_parse_syscall_archs,    0, &arg_syscall_archs                     },
+#endif
+                { "Manager", "TimerSlackNSec",            config_parse_nsec,             0, &arg_timer_slack_nsec                  },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTimerAccuracySec",   config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec       },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardOutput",     config_parse_output,           0, &arg_default_std_output                },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStandardError",      config_parse_output,           0, &arg_default_std_error                 },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStartSec",    config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_timeout_start_usec        },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultTimeoutStopSec",     config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_timeout_stop_usec         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultRestartSec",         config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_restart_usec              },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitInterval", config_parse_sec,              0, &arg_default_start_limit_interval      },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultStartLimitBurst",    config_parse_unsigned,         0, &arg_default_start_limit_burst         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultEnvironment",        config_parse_environ,          0, &arg_default_environment               },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCPU",           config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CPU]        },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitFSIZE",         config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_FSIZE]      },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitDATA",          config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_DATA]       },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSTACK",         config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_STACK]      },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitCORE",          config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_CORE]       },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRSS",           config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RSS]        },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNOFILE",        config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NOFILE]     },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitAS",            config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_AS]         },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNPROC",         config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NPROC]      },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMEMLOCK",       config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MEMLOCK]    },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitLOCKS",         config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_LOCKS]      },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitSIGPENDING",    config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE",      config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE]   },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitNICE",          config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_NICE]       },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTPRIO",        config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTPRIO]     },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultLimitRTTIME",        config_parse_limit,            0, &arg_default_rlimit[RLIMIT_RTTIME]     },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultCPUAccounting",      config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_default_cpu_accounting            },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultBlockIOAccounting",  config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_default_blockio_accounting        },
+                { "Manager", "DefaultMemoryAccounting",   config_parse_bool,             0, &arg_default_memory_accounting         },
+                {}
         };
 
-        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f;
         const char *fn;
-        int r;
 
         fn = arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM ? PKGSYSCONFDIR "/system.conf" : PKGSYSCONFDIR "/user.conf";
-        f = fopen(fn, "re");
-        if (!f) {
-                if (errno == ENOENT)
-                        return 0;
-
-                log_warning("Failed to open configuration file '%s': %m", fn);
-                return 0;
-        }
-
-        r = config_parse(NULL, fn, f, "Manager\0", config_item_table_lookup, (void*) items, false, false, NULL);
-        if (r < 0)
-                log_warning("Failed to parse configuration file: %s", strerror(-r));
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-static int parse_proc_cmdline(void) {
-        _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
-        char *w, *state;
-        size_t l;
-        int r;
-
-        r = proc_cmdline(&line);
-        if (r < 0)
-                log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
-        if (r <= 0)
-                return 0;
-
-        FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *word;
-
-                word = strndup(w, l);
-                if (!word)
-                        return log_oom();
-
-                r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(word);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", word, strerror(-r));
-                        return r;
-                }
-        }
+        config_parse(NULL, fn, NULL,
+                     "Manager\0",
+                     config_item_table_lookup, items,
+                     false, false, true, NULL);
 
         return 0;
 }
@@ -734,6 +695,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 ARG_SYSTEM,
                 ARG_USER,
                 ARG_TEST,
+                ARG_NO_PAGER,
                 ARG_VERSION,
                 ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS,
                 ARG_DUMP_CORE,
@@ -755,6 +717,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "system",                   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM                   },
                 { "user",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_USER                     },
                 { "test",                     no_argument,       NULL, ARG_TEST                     },
+                { "no-pager",                 no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER                 },
                 { "help",                     no_argument,       NULL, 'h'                          },
                 { "version",                  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_VERSION                  },
                 { "dump-configuration-items", no_argument,       NULL, ARG_DUMP_CONFIGURATION_ITEMS },
@@ -766,7 +729,7 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 { "switched-root",            no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SWITCHED_ROOT            },
                 { "default-standard-output",  required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT,      },
                 { "default-standard-error",   required_argument, NULL, ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR,       },
-                { NULL,                       0,                 NULL, 0                            }
+                {}
         };
 
         int c, r;
@@ -782,7 +745,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 switch (c) {
 
                 case ARG_LOG_LEVEL:
-                        if ((r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                        r = log_set_max_level_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse log level %s.", optarg);
                                 return r;
                         }
@@ -790,8 +754,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_LOG_TARGET:
-
-                        if ((r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                        r = log_set_target_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse log target %s.", optarg);
                                 return r;
                         }
@@ -801,7 +765,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 case ARG_LOG_COLOR:
 
                         if (optarg) {
-                                if ((r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                r = log_show_color_from_string(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0) {
                                         log_error("Failed to parse log color setting %s.", optarg);
                                         return r;
                                 }
@@ -811,9 +776,9 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_LOG_LOCATION:
-
                         if (optarg) {
-                                if ((r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                                r = log_show_location_from_string(optarg);
+                                if (r < 0) {
                                         log_error("Failed to parse log location setting %s.", optarg);
                                         return r;
                                 }
@@ -823,8 +788,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_OUTPUT:
-
-                        if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                        r = exec_output_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard output setting %s.", optarg);
                                 return r;
                         } else
@@ -832,8 +797,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_DEFAULT_STD_ERROR:
-
-                        if ((r = exec_output_from_string(optarg)) < 0) {
+                        r = exec_output_from_string(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to parse default standard error output setting %s.", optarg);
                                 return r;
                         } else
@@ -842,7 +807,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case ARG_UNIT:
 
-                        if ((r = set_default_unit(optarg)) < 0) {
+                        r = set_default_unit(optarg);
+                        if (r < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to set default unit %s: %s", optarg, strerror(-r));
                                 return r;
                         }
@@ -859,6 +825,12 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case ARG_TEST:
                         arg_action = ACTION_TEST;
+                        if (arg_no_pager < 0)
+                                arg_no_pager = true;
+                        break;
+
+                case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+                        arg_no_pager = true;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_VERSION:
@@ -897,12 +869,14 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_SHOW_STATUS:
-                        r = optarg ? parse_boolean(optarg) : 1;
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
-                                return r;
-                        }
-                        arg_show_status = r;
+                        if (optarg) {
+                                r = parse_show_status(optarg, &arg_show_status);
+                                if (r < 0) {
+                                        log_error("Failed to parse show status boolean %s.", optarg);
+                                        return r;
+                                }
+                        } else
+                                arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
                         break;
 
                 case ARG_DESERIALIZE: {
@@ -923,10 +897,10 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                                 return -errno;
                         }
 
-                        if (serialization)
-                                fclose(serialization);
+                        if (arg_serialization)
+                                fclose(arg_serialization);
 
-                        serialization = f;
+                        arg_serialization = f;
 
                         break;
                 }
@@ -937,6 +911,8 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case 'h':
                         arg_action = ACTION_HELP;
+                        if (arg_no_pager < 0)
+                                arg_no_pager = true;
                         break;
 
                 case 'D':
@@ -952,13 +928,13 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                          * parse_proc_cmdline_word() or ignore. */
 
                 case '?':
-                default:
-                        if (getpid() != 1) {
-                                log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+                        if (getpid() != 1)
                                 return -EINVAL;
-                        }
+                        else
+                                return 0;
 
-                        break;
+                default:
+                        assert_not_reached("Unhandled option code.");
                 }
 
         if (optind < argc && getpid() != 1) {
@@ -969,26 +945,6 @@ static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 return -EINVAL;
         }
 
-        if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
-                char **a;
-
-                /* All /proc/cmdline arguments the kernel didn't
-                 * understand it passed to us. We're not really
-                 * interested in that usually since /proc/cmdline is
-                 * more interesting and complete. With one exception:
-                 * if we are run in a container /proc/cmdline is not
-                 * relevant for the container, hence we rely on argv[]
-                 * instead. */
-
-                for (a = argv; a < argv + argc; a++) {
-                        r = parse_proc_cmdline_word(*a);
-                        if (r < 0) {
-                                log_error("Failed on cmdline argument %s: %s", *a, strerror(-r));
-                                return r;
-                        }
-                }
-        }
-
         return 0;
 }
 
@@ -998,6 +954,7 @@ static int help(void) {
                "Starts up and maintains the system or user services.\n\n"
                "  -h --help                      Show this help\n"
                "     --test                      Determine startup sequence, dump it and exit\n"
+               "     --no-pager                  Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
                "     --dump-configuration-items  Dump understood unit configuration items\n"
                "     --unit=UNIT                 Set default unit\n"
                "     --system                    Run a system instance, even if PID != 1\n"
@@ -1006,7 +963,7 @@ static int help(void) {
                "     --crash-shell[=0|1]         Run shell on crash\n"
                "     --confirm-spawn[=0|1]       Ask for confirmation when spawning processes\n"
                "     --show-status[=0|1]         Show status updates on the console during bootup\n"
-               "     --log-target=TARGET         Set log target (console, journal, syslog, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, syslog-or-kmsg, null)\n"
+               "     --log-target=TARGET         Set log target (console, journal, kmsg, journal-or-kmsg, null)\n"
                "     --log-level=LEVEL           Set log level (debug, info, notice, warning, err, crit, alert, emerg)\n"
                "     --log-color[=0|1]           Highlight important log messages\n"
                "     --log-location[=0|1]        Include code location in log messages\n"
@@ -1124,19 +1081,25 @@ static int bump_rlimit_nofile(struct rlimit *saved_rlimit) {
 }
 
 static void test_mtab(void) {
-        char *p;
 
-        /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink */
+        static const char ok[] =
+                "/proc/self/mounts\0"
+                "/proc/mounts\0"
+                "../proc/self/mounts\0"
+                "../proc/mounts\0";
 
-        if (readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p) >= 0) {
-                bool b;
+        _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
+        int r;
 
-                b = streq(p, "/proc/self/mounts") || streq(p, "/proc/mounts");
-                free(p);
+        /* Check that /etc/mtab is a symlink to the right place or
+         * non-existing. But certainly not a file, or a symlink to
+         * some weird place... */
 
-                if (b)
-                        return;
-        }
+        r = readlink_malloc("/etc/mtab", &p);
+        if (r == -ENOENT)
+                return;
+        if (r >= 0 && nulstr_contains(ok, p))
+                return;
 
         log_warning("/etc/mtab is not a symlink or not pointing to /proc/self/mounts. "
                     "This is not supported anymore. "
@@ -1155,21 +1118,6 @@ static void test_usr(void) {
                     "Consult http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/separate-usr-is-broken for more information.");
 }
 
-static void test_cgroups(void) {
-
-        if (access("/proc/cgroups", F_OK) >= 0)
-                return;
-
-        log_warning("CONFIG_CGROUPS was not set when your kernel was compiled. "
-                    "Systems without control groups are not supported. "
-                    "We will now sleep for 10s, and then continue boot-up. "
-                    "Expect breakage and please do not file bugs. "
-                    "Instead fix your kernel and enable CONFIG_CGROUPS. "
-                    "Consult http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/cgroups-vs-cgroups.html for more information.");
-
-        sleep(10);
-}
-
 static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
         /* By default, mount "cpu" + "cpuacct" together, and "net_cls"
          * + "net_prio". We'd like to add "cpuset" to the mix, but
@@ -1192,6 +1140,79 @@ static int initialize_join_controllers(void) {
         return 0;
 }
 
+static int enforce_syscall_archs(Set *archs) {
+#ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
+        scmp_filter_ctx *seccomp;
+        Iterator i;
+        void *id;
+        int r;
+
+        seccomp = seccomp_init(SCMP_ACT_ALLOW);
+        if (!seccomp)
+                return log_oom();
+
+        SET_FOREACH(id, arg_syscall_archs, i) {
+                r = seccomp_arch_add(seccomp, PTR_TO_UINT32(id) - 1);
+                if (r == -EEXIST)
+                        continue;
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Failed to add architecture to seccomp: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = seccomp_attr_set(seccomp, SCMP_FLTATR_CTL_NNP, 0);
+        if (r < 0) {
+                log_error("Failed to unset NO_NEW_PRIVS: %s", strerror(-r));
+                goto finish;
+        }
+
+        r = seccomp_load(seccomp);
+        if (r < 0)
+                log_error("Failed to add install architecture seccomp: %s", strerror(-r));
+
+finish:
+        seccomp_release(seccomp);
+        return r;
+#else
+        return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+static int status_welcome(void) {
+        _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
+        int r;
+
+        r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
+                           "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
+                           "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
+                           NULL);
+        if (r == -ENOENT) {
+                r = parse_env_file("/usr/lib/os-release", NEWLINE,
+                                   "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
+                                   "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
+                                   NULL);
+        }
+
+        if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
+                log_warning("Failed to read os-release file: %s", strerror(-r));
+
+        return status_printf(NULL, false, false,
+                             "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
+                             isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
+                             isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
+}
+
+static int write_container_id(void) {
+        const char *c;
+
+        c = getenv("container");
+        if (isempty(c))
+                return 0;
+
+        return write_string_file("/run/systemd/container", c);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         Manager *m = NULL;
         int r, retval = EXIT_FAILURE;
@@ -1207,10 +1228,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         dual_timestamp security_finish_timestamp = { 0ULL, 0ULL };
         static char systemd[] = "systemd";
         bool skip_setup = false;
-        int j;
+        unsigned j;
         bool loaded_policy = false;
         bool arm_reboot_watchdog = false;
         bool queue_default_job = false;
+        bool empty_etc = false;
         char *switch_root_dir = NULL, *switch_root_init = NULL;
         static struct rlimit saved_rlimit_nofile = { 0, 0 };
 
@@ -1251,6 +1273,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         saved_argc = argc;
 
         log_show_color(isatty(STDERR_FILENO) > 0);
+        log_set_upgrade_syslog_to_journal(true);
 
         /* Disable the umask logic */
         if (getpid() == 1)
@@ -1270,43 +1293,50 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 if (!skip_setup) {
                         mount_setup_early();
                         dual_timestamp_get(&security_start_timestamp);
-                        if (selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
+                        if (mac_selinux_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
                                 goto finish;
                         if (ima_setup() < 0)
                                 goto finish;
-                        if (smack_setup() < 0)
+                        if (mac_smack_setup(&loaded_policy) < 0)
                                 goto finish;
                         dual_timestamp_get(&security_finish_timestamp);
                 }
 
-                if (label_init(NULL) < 0)
+                if (mac_selinux_init(NULL) < 0)
                         goto finish;
 
                 if (!skip_setup) {
-                        if (hwclock_is_localtime() > 0) {
+                        if (clock_is_localtime() > 0) {
                                 int min;
 
-                                /* The first-time call to settimeofday() does a time warp in the kernel */
-                                r = hwclock_set_timezone(&min);
+                                /*
+                                 * The very first call of settimeofday() also does a time warp in the kernel.
+                                 *
+                                 * In the rtc-in-local time mode, we set the kernel's timezone, and rely on
+                                 * external tools to take care of maintaining the RTC and do all adjustments.
+                                 * This matches the behavior of Windows, which leaves the RTC alone if the
+                                 * registry tells that the RTC runs in UTC.
+                                 */
+                                r = clock_set_timezone(&min);
                                 if (r < 0)
                                         log_error("Failed to apply local time delta, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
                                 else
                                         log_info("RTC configured in localtime, applying delta of %i minutes to system time.", min);
                         } else if (!in_initrd()) {
                                 /*
-                                 * Do dummy first-time call to seal the kernel's time warp magic
+                                 * Do a dummy very first call to seal the kernel's time warp magic.
                                  *
                                  * Do not call this this from inside the initrd. The initrd might not
                                  * carry /etc/adjtime with LOCAL, but the real system could be set up
                                  * that way. In such case, we need to delay the time-warp or the sealing
                                  * until we reach the real system.
+                                 *
+                                 * Do no set the kernel's timezone. The concept of local time cannot
+                                 * be supported reliably, the time will jump or be incorrect at every daylight
+                                 * saving time change. All kernel local time concepts will be treated
+                                 * as UTC that way.
                                  */
-                                hwclock_reset_timezone();
-
-                                /* Tell the kernel our timezone */
-                                r = hwclock_set_timezone(NULL);
-                                if (r < 0)
-                                        log_error("Failed to set the kernel's timezone, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                clock_reset_timewarp();
                         }
                 }
 
@@ -1372,10 +1402,14 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         if (parse_config_file() < 0)
                 goto finish;
 
-        if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
-                if (parse_proc_cmdline() < 0)
-                        goto finish;
+        if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
+                r = parse_proc_cmdline(parse_proc_cmdline_item);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        log_warning("Failed to parse kernel command line, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+        }
 
+        /* Note that this also parses bits from the kernel command
+         * line, including "debug". */
         log_parse_environment();
 
         if (parse_argv(argc, argv) < 0)
@@ -1401,6 +1435,11 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 goto finish;
         }
 
+        if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST)
+                skip_setup = true;
+
+        pager_open_if_enabled();
+
         if (arg_action == ACTION_HELP) {
                 retval = help();
                 goto finish;
@@ -1435,8 +1474,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         } else
                 fdset_cloexec(fds, true);
 
-        if (serialization)
-                assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(serialization)) >= 0);
+        if (arg_serialization)
+                assert_se(fdset_remove(fds, fileno(arg_serialization)) >= 0);
 
         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
                 /* Become a session leader if we aren't one yet. */
@@ -1447,12 +1486,23 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
         /* Reset the console, but only if this is really init and we
          * are freshly booted */
-        if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN)
-                console_setup(getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup);
+        if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_action == ACTION_RUN) {
+
+                /* If we are init, we connect stdin/stdout/stderr to
+                 * /dev/null and make sure we don't have a controlling
+                 * tty. */
+                release_terminal();
+
+                if (getpid() == 1 && !skip_setup)
+                        console_setup();
+        }
 
         /* Open the logging devices, if possible and necessary */
         log_open();
 
+        if (arg_show_status == _SHOW_STATUS_UNSET)
+                arg_show_status = SHOW_STATUS_YES;
+
         /* Make sure we leave a core dump without panicing the
          * kernel. */
         if (getpid() == 1) {
@@ -1466,42 +1516,58 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
                 const char *virtualization = NULL;
 
-                log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in system mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")");
+                log_info(PACKAGE_STRING " running in %ssystem mode. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")",
+                         arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? "test " : "" );
 
                 detect_virtualization(&virtualization);
                 if (virtualization)
                         log_info("Detected virtualization '%s'.", virtualization);
 
+                write_container_id();
+
+                log_info("Detected architecture '%s'.", architecture_to_string(uname_architecture()));
+
                 if (in_initrd())
                         log_info("Running in initial RAM disk.");
 
+                /* Let's check whether /etc is already populated. We
+                 * don't actually really check for that, but use
+                 * /etc/machine-id as flag file. This allows container
+                 * managers and installers to provision a couple of
+                 * files already. If the container manager wants to
+                 * provision the machine ID itself it should pass
+                 * $container_uuid to PID 1.*/
+
+                empty_etc = access("/etc/machine-id", F_OK) < 0;
+                if (empty_etc)
+                        log_info("Running with unpopulated /etc.");
         } else {
-                _cleanup_free_ char *t = uid_to_name(getuid());
-                log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in user mode for user "PID_FMT"/%s. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")",
-                          getuid(), t);
+                _cleanup_free_ char *t;
+
+                t = uid_to_name(getuid());
+                log_debug(PACKAGE_STRING " running in %suser mode for user "UID_FMT"/%s. (" SYSTEMD_FEATURES ")",
+                          arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? " test" : "", getuid(), t);
         }
 
         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && !skip_setup) {
-                if (arg_show_status || plymouth_running())
+                if (arg_show_status > 0 || plymouth_running())
                         status_welcome();
 
 #ifdef HAVE_KMOD
-                if (detect_container(NULL) <= 0)
-                        kmod_setup();
+                kmod_setup();
 #endif
                 hostname_setup();
-                machine_id_setup();
+                machine_id_setup(NULL);
                 loopback_setup();
 
                 test_mtab();
                 test_usr();
-                test_cgroups();
         }
 
         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM && arg_runtime_watchdog > 0)
                 watchdog_set_timeout(&arg_runtime_watchdog);
 
-        if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != (nsec_t) -1)
+        if (arg_timer_slack_nsec != NSEC_INFINITY)
                 if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, arg_timer_slack_nsec) < 0)
                         log_error("Failed to adjust timer slack: %m");
 
@@ -1518,6 +1584,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 }
         }
 
+        if (arg_syscall_archs) {
+                r = enforce_syscall_archs(arg_syscall_archs);
+                if (r < 0)
+                        goto finish;
+        }
+
         if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_USER) {
                 /* Become reaper of our children */
                 if (prctl(PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER, 1) < 0) {
@@ -1527,16 +1599,26 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 }
         }
 
-        if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM)
+        if (arg_running_as == SYSTEMD_SYSTEM) {
                 bump_rlimit_nofile(&saved_rlimit_nofile);
 
-        r = manager_new(arg_running_as, &m);
+                if (empty_etc) {
+                        r = unit_file_preset_all(UNIT_FILE_SYSTEM, false, NULL, UNIT_FILE_PRESET_FULL, false, NULL, 0);
+                        if (r < 0)
+                                log_warning("Failed to populate /etc with preset unit settings, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        else
+                                log_info("Populated /etc with preset unit settings.");
+                }
+        }
+
+        r = manager_new(arg_running_as, arg_action == ACTION_TEST, &m);
         if (r < 0) {
                 log_error("Failed to allocate manager object: %s", strerror(-r));
                 goto finish;
         }
 
         m->confirm_spawn = arg_confirm_spawn;
+        m->default_timer_accuracy_usec = arg_default_timer_accuracy_usec;
         m->default_std_output = arg_default_std_output;
         m->default_std_error = arg_default_std_error;
         m->default_restart_usec = arg_default_restart_usec;
@@ -1544,8 +1626,12 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         m->default_timeout_stop_usec = arg_default_timeout_stop_usec;
         m->default_start_limit_interval = arg_default_start_limit_interval;
         m->default_start_limit_burst = arg_default_start_limit_burst;
+        m->default_cpu_accounting = arg_default_cpu_accounting;
+        m->default_blockio_accounting = arg_default_blockio_accounting;
+        m->default_memory_accounting = arg_default_memory_accounting;
         m->runtime_watchdog = arg_runtime_watchdog;
         m->shutdown_watchdog = arg_shutdown_watchdog;
+
         m->userspace_timestamp = userspace_timestamp;
         m->kernel_timestamp = kernel_timestamp;
         m->initrd_timestamp = initrd_timestamp;
@@ -1553,18 +1639,16 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         m->security_finish_timestamp = security_finish_timestamp;
 
         manager_set_default_rlimits(m, arg_default_rlimit);
-
-        if (arg_default_environment)
-                manager_environment_add(m, NULL, arg_default_environment);
-
+        manager_environment_add(m, NULL, arg_default_environment);
         manager_set_show_status(m, arg_show_status);
+        manager_set_first_boot(m, empty_etc);
 
         /* Remember whether we should queue the default job */
-        queue_default_job = !serialization || arg_switched_root;
+        queue_default_job = !arg_serialization || arg_switched_root;
 
         before_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
 
-        r = manager_startup(m, serialization, fds);
+        r = manager_startup(m, arg_serialization, fds);
         if (r < 0)
                 log_error("Failed to fully start up daemon: %s", strerror(-r));
 
@@ -1573,9 +1657,9 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         fdset_free(fds);
         fds = NULL;
 
-        if (serialization) {
-                fclose(serialization);
-                serialization = NULL;
+        if (arg_serialization) {
+                fclose(arg_serialization);
+                arg_serialization = NULL;
         }
 
         if (queue_default_job) {
@@ -1635,7 +1719,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                 after_startup = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
                 log_full(arg_action == ACTION_TEST ? LOG_INFO : LOG_DEBUG,
                          "Loaded units and determined initial transaction in %s.",
-                         format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup, 0));
+                         format_timespan(timespan, sizeof(timespan), after_startup - before_startup, 100 * USEC_PER_MSEC));
 
                 if (arg_action == ACTION_TEST) {
                         printf("-> By jobs:\n");
@@ -1668,7 +1752,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 
                 case MANAGER_REEXECUTE:
 
-                        if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
+                        if (prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, &fds, false) < 0)
                                 goto finish;
 
                         reexecute = true;
@@ -1682,7 +1766,7 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
                         m->switch_root = m->switch_root_init = NULL;
 
                         if (!switch_root_init)
-                                if (prepare_reexecute(m, &serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
+                                if (prepare_reexecute(m, &arg_serialization, &fds, true) < 0)
                                         goto finish;
 
                         reexecute = true;
@@ -1713,16 +1797,30 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
         }
 
 finish:
-        if (m)
+        pager_close();
+
+        if (m) {
                 manager_free(m);
+                m = NULL;
+        }
 
-        for (j = 0; j < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; j++)
+        for (j = 0; j < ELEMENTSOF(arg_default_rlimit); j++) {
                 free(arg_default_rlimit[j]);
+                arg_default_rlimit[j] = NULL;
+        }
 
         free(arg_default_unit);
+        arg_default_unit = NULL;
+
         free_join_controllers();
 
-        label_finish();
+        strv_free(arg_default_environment);
+        arg_default_environment = NULL;
+
+        set_free(arg_syscall_archs);
+        arg_syscall_archs = NULL;
+
+        mac_selinux_finish();
 
         if (reexecute) {
                 const char **args;
@@ -1746,10 +1844,10 @@ finish:
                          * deserializing. */
                         broadcast_signal(SIGTERM, false, true);
 
-                        /* And switch root */
-                        r = switch_root(switch_root_dir);
+                        /* And switch root with MS_MOVE, because we remove the old directory afterwards and detach it. */
+                        r = switch_root(switch_root_dir, "/mnt", true, MS_MOVE);
                         if (r < 0)
-                                log_error("Failed to switch root, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
+                                log_error("Failed to switch root, trying to continue: %s", strerror(-r));
                 }
 
                 args_size = MAX(6, argc+1);
@@ -1763,10 +1861,10 @@ finish:
                          * this only if the user didn't specify an
                          * explicit init to spawn. */
 
-                        assert(serialization);
+                        assert(arg_serialization);
                         assert(fds);
 
-                        snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(serialization));
+                        snprintf(sfd, sizeof(sfd), "%i", fileno(arg_serialization));
                         char_array_0(sfd);
 
                         i = 0;
@@ -1792,9 +1890,9 @@ finish:
                  * getopt() in argv[], and some cleanups in envp[],
                  * but let's hope that doesn't matter.) */
 
-                if (serialization) {
-                        fclose(serialization);
-                        serialization = NULL;
+                if (arg_serialization) {
+                        fclose(arg_serialization);
+                        arg_serialization = NULL;
                 }
 
                 if (fds) {
@@ -1805,11 +1903,16 @@ finish:
                 /* Reopen the console */
                 make_console_stdio();
 
-                for (j = 1, i = 1; j < argc; j++)
+                for (j = 1, i = 1; j < (unsigned) argc; j++)
                         args[i++] = argv[j];
                 args[i++] = NULL;
                 assert(i <= args_size);
 
+                /* Reenable any blocked signals, especially important
+                 * if we switch from initial ramdisk to init=... */
+                reset_all_signal_handlers();
+                reset_signal_mask();
+
                 if (switch_root_init) {
                         args[0] = switch_root_init;
                         execv(args[0], (char* const*) args);
@@ -1830,11 +1933,15 @@ finish:
                         log_warning("Failed to execute /sbin/init, giving up: %m");
         }
 
-        if (serialization)
-                fclose(serialization);
+        if (arg_serialization) {
+                fclose(arg_serialization);
+                arg_serialization = NULL;
+        }
 
-        if (fds)
+        if (fds) {
                 fdset_free(fds);
+                fds = NULL;
+        }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_VALGRIND_VALGRIND_H
         /* If we are PID 1 and running under valgrind, then let's exit
@@ -1846,14 +1953,42 @@ finish:
 #endif
 
         if (shutdown_verb) {
-                const char * command_line[] = {
+                char log_level[DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
+                const char* command_line[9] = {
                         SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH,
                         shutdown_verb,
-                        NULL
+                        "--log-level", log_level,
+                        "--log-target",
                 };
+                unsigned pos = 5;
                 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **env_block = NULL;
+
+                assert(command_line[pos] == NULL);
                 env_block = strv_copy(environ);
 
+                snprintf(log_level, sizeof(log_level), "%d", log_get_max_level());
+
+                switch (log_get_target()) {
+                case LOG_TARGET_KMSG:
+                case LOG_TARGET_JOURNAL_OR_KMSG:
+                case LOG_TARGET_SYSLOG_OR_KMSG:
+                        command_line[pos++] = "kmsg";
+                        break;
+
+                case LOG_TARGET_CONSOLE:
+                default:
+                        command_line[pos++] = "console";
+                        break;
+                };
+
+                if (log_get_show_color())
+                        command_line[pos++] = "--log-color";
+
+                if (log_get_show_location())
+                        command_line[pos++] = "--log-location";
+
+                assert(pos < ELEMENTSOF(command_line));
+
                 if (arm_reboot_watchdog && arg_shutdown_watchdog > 0) {
                         char *e;
 
@@ -1876,7 +2011,8 @@ finish:
                         cg_uninstall_release_agent(SYSTEMD_CGROUP_CONTROLLER);
 
                 execve(SYSTEMD_SHUTDOWN_BINARY_PATH, (char **) command_line, env_block);
-                log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, freezing: %m");
+                log_error("Failed to execute shutdown binary, %s: %m",
+                          getpid() == 1 ? "freezing" : "quitting");
         }
 
         if (getpid() == 1)