tmpfiles: copy/link /usr/share/factory/ files when the source argument is omitted

[elogind.git] / man / tmpfiles.d.xml

diff --git a/man/tmpfiles.d.xml b/man/tmpfiles.d.xml
index 1c079f64bcbc6e152b39c5bbf442c78111de00f0..5e0b5383412d7ef26b3e7be68f7ba62222d65096 100644 (file)
--- a/man/tmpfiles.d.xml
+++ b/man/tmpfiles.d.xml
@@ -61,29 +61,59 @@
                 temporary files and directories which usually reside
                 in directories such as <filename>/run</filename>
                 or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>
                 temporary files and directories which usually reside
                 in directories such as <filename>/run</filename>
                 or <filename>/tmp</filename>.</para>

+
+                <para>Volatile and temporary files and directories are
+                those located in <filename>/run</filename> (and its
+                alias <filename>/var/run</filename>),
+                <filename>/tmp</filename>,
+                <filename>/var/tmp</filename>, the API file systems
+                such as <filename>/sys</filename> or
+                <filename>/proc</filename>, as well as some other
+                directories below <filename>/var</filename>.</para>
+
+                <para>System daemons frequently require private
+                runtime directories below <filename>/run</filename> to
+                place communication sockets and similar in. For these,
+                consider declaring them in their unit files using
+                <varname>RuntimeDirectory=</varname>
+                (see <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details),
+                if this is feasible.</para>

         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>
                 <title>Configuration Format</title>
 
                 <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the
         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>
                 <title>Configuration Format</title>
 
                 <para>Each configuration file shall be named in the

-                style of <filename>&lt;package&gt;.conf</filename>.
-                Files in <filename>/etc/</filename> override files
-                with the same name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>
-                and <filename>/run/</filename>.  Files in
-                <filename>/run/</filename> override files with the same
-                name in <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Packages
+                style of
+                <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>.conf</filename>
+                or
+                <filename><replaceable>package</replaceable>-<replaceable>part</replaceable>.conf</filename>.
+                The second variant should be used when it is desirable
+                to make it easy to override just this part of
+                configuration.</para>
+
+                <para>Files in <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename>
+                override files with the same name in
+                <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename> and
+                <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
+                <filename>/run/tmpfiles.d</filename> override files
+                with the same name in
+                <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Packages

                 should install their configuration files in
                 should install their configuration files in

-                <filename>/usr/lib/</filename>. Files in
-                <filename>/etc/</filename> are reserved for the local
-                administrator, who may use this logic to override the
-                configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
-                configuration files are sorted by their filename in
-                lexicographic order, regardless in which of the
-                directories they reside. If multiple files specify the
-                same path, the entry in the file with the lexicographically
-                earliest name will be applied, all all other conflicting
-                entries logged as errors.</para>
+                <filename>/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d</filename>. Files in
+                <filename>/etc/tmpfiles.d</filename> are reserved for
+                the local administrator, who may use this logic to
+                override the configuration files installed by vendor
+                packages. All configuration files are sorted by their
+                filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which
+                of the directories they reside in. If multiple files
+                specify the same path, the entry in the file with the
+                lexicographically earliest name will be applied, all
+                all other conflicting entries will be logged as
+                errors. When two lines are prefix and suffix of each
+                other, then the prefix is always processed first, the
+                suffix later. Otherwise the files/directories are
+                processed in the order they are listed.</para>

 
                 <para>If the administrator wants to disable a
                 configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
 
                 <para>If the administrator wants to disable a
                 configuration file supplied by the vendor, the


@@ -93,28 +123,30 @@
                 same filename.</para>
 
                 <para>The configuration format is one line per path
                 same filename.</para>
 
                 <para>The configuration format is one line per path

-                containing action, path, mode, ownership, age and argument
+                containing type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument

                 fields:</para>
 
                 fields:</para>
 

-                <programlisting>Type Path        Mode UID  GID  Age Argument
+                <programlisting>#Type Path        Mode UID  GID  Age Argument

 d    /run/user   0755 root root 10d -
 L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
 
 d    /run/user   0755 root root 10d -
 L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
 

-

                 <refsect2>
                         <title>Type</title>
 
                 <refsect2>
                         <title>Type</title>
 

+                        <para>The type consists of a single letter and
+                        optionally an exclamation mark.</para>
+

                         <para>The following line types are understood:</para>
 
                         <variablelist>
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>f</varname></term>
                         <para>The following line types are understood:</para>
 
                         <variablelist>
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>f</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>F</varname></term>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>F</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create or truncate a file (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)</para></listitem>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create or truncate a file. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>


@@ -127,43 +159,90 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>d</varname></term>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>d</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet</para></listitem>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create a directory if it does not exist yet.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>D</varname></term>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>D</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create or empty a directory</para></listitem>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create or empty a directory.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>p</varname></term>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>p</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet</para></listitem>
+                                        <term><varname>p+</varname></term>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create a named
+                                        pipe (FIFO) if it does not
+                                        exist yet. If suffixed with
+                                        <varname>+</varname> and a
+                                        file already exists where the
+                                        pipe is to be created it will
+                                        be removed and be replaced by
+                                        the pipe.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>L</varname></term>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>L</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create a symlink if it does not exist yet</para></listitem>
+                                        <term><varname>L+</varname></term>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create a
+                                        symlink if it does not exist
+                                        yet. If suffixed with
+                                        <varname>+</varname> and a
+                                        file already exists where the
+                                        symlink is to be created it
+                                        will be removed and be
+                                        replaced by the
+                                        symlink. If the argument is omitted,
+                                        symlinks to files with the same name
+                                        residing in the directory
+                                        <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename>
+                                        are created.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>c</varname></term>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>c</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create a character device node if it does not exist yet</para></listitem>
+                                        <term><varname>c+</varname></term>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create a
+                                        character device node if it
+                                        does not exist yet. If
+                                        suffixed with
+                                        <varname>+</varname> and a
+                                        file already exists where the
+                                        device node is to be created
+                                        it will be removed and be
+                                        replaced by the device
+                                        node.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>b</varname></term>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>b</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Create a block device node if it does not exist yet</para></listitem>
+                                        <term><varname>b+</varname></term>
+                                        <listitem><para>Create a block
+                                        device node if it does not
+                                        exist yet. If suffixed with
+                                        <varname>+</varname> and a
+                                        file already exists where the
+                                        device node is to be created
+                                        it will be removed and be
+                                        replaced by the device
+                                        node.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>

-                                        <term><varname>m</varname></term>
-                                        <listitem><para>If the
-                                        specified file path exists,
-                                        adjust its access mode, group
-                                        and user to the specified
-                                        values and reset the SELinux
-                                        label. If it does not exist, do
-                                        nothing.</para></listitem>
+                                        <term><varname>C</varname></term>
+                                        <listitem><para>Recursively
+                                        copy a file or directory, if
+                                        the destination files or
+                                        directories don't exist
+                                        yet. Note that this command
+                                        will not descend into
+                                        subdirectories if the
+                                        destination directory already
+                                        exists, instead the entire
+                                        copy operation is
+                                        skipped. If the argument is omitted,
+                                        files from the source directory
+                                        <filename>/usr/share/factory/</filename>
+                                        with the same name are copied.</para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>


@@ -174,11 +253,12 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
                                         as controlled with the Age
                                         parameter. Note that lines of
                                         this type do not influence the
                                         as controlled with the Age
                                         parameter. Note that lines of
                                         this type do not influence the

-                                        effect of r or R lines. Lines
-                                        of this type accept
+                                        effect of <varname>r</varname>
+                                        or <varname>R</varname> lines.
+                                        Lines of this type accept

                                         shell-style globs in place of
                                         shell-style globs in place of

-                                        normal path
-                                        names.</para></listitem>
+                                        normal path names.
+                                        </para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>


@@ -187,28 +267,31 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
                                         during cleaning. Use this type
                                         to exclude paths from clean-up
                                         as controlled with the Age
                                         during cleaning. Use this type
                                         to exclude paths from clean-up
                                         as controlled with the Age

-                                        parameter. Unlike x, this
+                                        parameter. Unlike
+                                        <varname>x</varname>, this

                                         parameter will not exclude the
                                         parameter will not exclude the

-                                        content if path is a directory,
-                                        but only directory itself.
-                                        Note that lines of this type do
-                                        not influence the effect of r
-                                        or R lines. Lines of this type
-                                        accept shell-style globs in
-                                        place of normal path
-                                        names.</para></listitem>
+                                        content if path is a
+                                        directory, but only directory
+                                        itself. Note that lines of
+                                        this type do not influence the
+                                        effect of <varname>r</varname>
+                                        or <varname>R</varname> lines.
+                                        Lines of this type accept
+                                        shell-style globs in place of
+                                        normal path names.
+                                        </para></listitem>

                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>r</varname></term>
                                         <listitem><para>Remove a file
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>r</varname></term>
                                         <listitem><para>Remove a file

-                                        or directory if it
-                                        exists. This may not be used
-                                        to remove non-empty
-                                        directories, use R for
-                                        that. Lines of this type
-                                        accept shell-style globs in
-                                        place of normal path
+                                        or directory if it exists.
+                                        This may not be used to remove
+                                        non-empty directories, use
+                                        <varname>R</varname> for that.
+                                        Lines of this type accept
+                                        shell-style globs in place of
+                                        normal path

                                         names.</para></listitem>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                         names.</para></listitem>
                                 </varlistentry>
 


@@ -225,30 +308,52 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>z</varname></term>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>z</varname></term>

-                                        <listitem><para>Restore
-                                        SELinux security context label
-                                        and set ownership and access
-                                        mode of a file or directory if
-                                        it exists.  Lines of this type
-                                        accept shell-style globs in
-                                        place of normal path names.
+                                        <listitem><para>Adjust the
+                                        access mode, group and user,
+                                        and restore the SELinux security
+                                        context of a file or directory,
+                                        if it exists. Lines of this
+                                        type accept shell-style globs
+                                        in place of normal path names.

                                         </para></listitem>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>Z</varname></term>
                                         <listitem><para>Recursively
                                         </para></listitem>
                                 </varlistentry>
 
                                 <varlistentry>
                                         <term><varname>Z</varname></term>
                                         <listitem><para>Recursively

-                                        restore SELinux security
-                                        context label and set
-                                        ownership and access mode of a
-                                        path and all its
-                                        subdirectories (if it is a
-                                        directory). Lines of this type
-                                        accept shell-style globs in
-                                        place of normal path
+                                        set the access mode, group and
+                                        user, and restore the SELinux
+                                        security context of a file or
+                                        directory if it exists, as
+                                        well as of its subdirectories
+                                        and the files contained
+                                        therein (if applicable). Lines
+                                        of this type accept
+                                        shell-style globs in place of
+                                        normal path

                                         names.</para></listitem>
                                 </varlistentry>
                         </variablelist>
                                         names.</para></listitem>
                                 </varlistentry>
                         </variablelist>

+
+                        <para>If the exclamation mark is used, this
+                        line is only safe of execute during boot, and
+                        can break a running system. Lines without the
+                        exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to
+                        execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
+                        <command>systemd-tmpfiles</command> will
+                        execute line with an exclamation mark only if
+                        option <option>--boot</option> is given.
+                        </para>
+
+                        <para>For example:
+                        <programlisting># Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
+d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
+
+# Unlink the X11 lock files
+r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock</programlisting>
+                        The second line in contrast to the first one
+                        would break a running system, and will only be
+                        executed with <option>--boot</option>.</para>

                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>
                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>


@@ -308,11 +413,30 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
                         <para>The file access mode to use when
                         creating this file or directory. If omitted or
                         when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for
                         <para>The file access mode to use when
                         creating this file or directory. If omitted or
                         when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for

-                        directories, 0644 for all other file
-                        objects. For z, Z lines, if omitted or when set
-                        to -, the file access mode will not be
-                        modified. This parameter is ignored for x, r,
-                        R, L lines.</para>
+                        directories, 0644 for all other file objects.
+                        For <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
+                        lines, if omitted or when set to
+                        <literal>-</literal>, the file access mode
+                        will not be modified. This parameter is
+                        ignored for <varname>x</varname>,
+                        <varname>r</varname>, <varname>R</varname>,
+                        <varname>L</varname> lines.</para>
+
+                        <para>Optionally, if prefixed with
+                        <literal>~</literal> the access mode is masked
+                        based on the already set access bits for
+                        existing file or directories: if the existing
+                        file has all executable bits unset then all
+                        executable bits are removed from the new
+                        access mode, too. Similar, if all read bits
+                        are removed from the old access mode they will
+                        be removed from the new access mode too, and
+                        if all write bits are removed, they will be
+                        removed from the new access mode too. In
+                        addition the sticky/suid/gid bit is removed unless
+                        applied to a directory. This
+                        functionality is particularly useful in
+                        conjunction with <varname>Z</varname>.</para>

                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>
                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>


@@ -321,10 +445,15 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
                         <para>The user and group to use for this file
                         or directory. This may either be a numeric
                         user/group ID or a user or group name. If
                         <para>The user and group to use for this file
                         or directory. This may either be a numeric
                         user/group ID or a user or group name. If

-                        omitted or when set to -, the default 0 (root)
-                        is used. For z, Z lines, when omitted or when set to -,
-                        the file ownership will not be modified.
-                        These parameters are ignored for x, r, R, L lines.</para>
+                        omitted or when set to <literal>-</literal>,
+                        the default 0 (root) is used. For
+                        <varname>z</varname>, <varname>Z</varname>
+                        lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file
+                        ownership will not be modified. These
+                        parameters are ignored for
+                        <varname>x</varname>, <varname>r</varname>,
+                        <varname>R</varname>, <varname>L</varname>
+                        lines.</para>

                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>
                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>


@@ -357,27 +486,38 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
                         <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
                         unconditionally.</para>
 
                         <para>When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
                         unconditionally.</para>
 

-                        <para>The age field only applies to lines starting with
-                        d, D and x. If omitted or set to -, no automatic clean-up
-                        is done.</para>
+                        <para>The age field only applies to lines
+                        starting with <varname>d</varname>,
+                        <varname>D</varname>, and
+                        <varname>x</varname>. If omitted or set to
+                        <literal>-</literal>, no automatic clean-up is
+                        done.</para>

 
                         <para>If the age field starts with a tilde
 
                         <para>If the age field starts with a tilde

-                        character (~), the clean-up is only applied to
-                        files and directories one level inside the
-                        directory specified, but not the files and
-                        directories immediately inside it.</para>
+                        character <literal>~</literal>, the clean-up
+                        is only applied to files and directories one
+                        level inside the directory specified, but not
+                        the files and directories immediately inside
+                        it.</para>

                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>
                         <title>Argument</title>
 
                 </refsect2>
 
                 <refsect2>
                         <title>Argument</title>
 

-                        <para>For L lines determines the destination
-                        path of the symlink. For c, b determines the
+                        <para>For <varname>L</varname> lines
+                        determines the destination path of the
+                        symlink. For <varname>c</varname>,
+                        <varname>b</varname> determines the

                         major/minor of the device node, with major and
                         major/minor of the device node, with major and

-                        minor formatted as integers, separated by :,
-                        e.g. "1:3". For f, F, w may be used to specify
-                        a short string that is written to the file,
-                        suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all other
+                        minor formatted as integers, separated by
+                        <literal>:</literal>, e.g.
+                        <literal>1:3</literal>. For
+                        <varname>f</varname>, <varname>F</varname>,
+                        and <varname>w</varname> may be used to
+                        specify a short string that is written to the
+                        file, suffixed by a newline. For
+                        <varname>C</varname> specifies the source file
+                        or directory. Ignored for all other

                         lines.</para>
                 </refsect2>
 
                         lines.</para>
                 </refsect2>
 


@@ -389,8 +529,8 @@ L    /tmp/foobar -    -    -    -   /dev/null</programlisting>
                         <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
                         <para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
 
                         <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/screen.conf example</title>
                         <para><command>screen</command> needs two directories created at boot with specific modes and ownership.</para>
 

-                        <programlisting>d /var/run/screens  1777 root root 10d
-d /var/run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting>
+                        <programlisting>d /run/screens  1777 root root 10d
+d /run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h</programlisting>

                 </example>
                 <example>
                         <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>
                 </example>
                 <example>
                         <title>/etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example</title>


@@ -406,7 +546,8 @@ x /var/tmp/abrt/*</programlisting>
                 <para>
                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                 <para>
                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-tmpfiles</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,

-                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-delta</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>

                 </para>
         </refsect1>
 
                 </para>
         </refsect1>