<filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename>,
<filename>multi-user.target</filename>,
<filename>network.target</filename>,
+ <filename>network-online.target</filename>,
<filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>,
<filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename>,
<filename>paths.target</filename>,
<filename>system-update.target</filename>,
<filename>time-sync.target</filename>,
<filename>timers.target</filename>,
- <filename>umount.target</filename></para>
+ <filename>umount.target</filename>,
+ <filename>-.slice</filename>,
+ <filename>system.slice</filename>,
+ <filename>user.slice</filename>,
+ <filename>machine.slice</filename></para>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
daemons.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>bluetooth.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This target is started
- automatically as soon as a
- Bluetooth controller is
- plugged in or becomes
- available at boot.</para>
-
- <para>This may be used to pull
- in Bluetooth management
- daemons dynamically when
- Bluetooth hardware is
- found.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
dependencies of type
<varname>Before=</varname> to
<filename>sysroot-usr.mount</filename>
- and all mount points fround in
+ and all mount points found in
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
that have the
<option>auto</option> and
option set.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This target unit is
- automatically ordered before
- all local mount points marked
- with <option>auto</option>
- (see above). It can be used to
- execute certain units before
- all local mounts.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>multi-user.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
this unit during
installation. This is best
configured via
- <varname>WantedBy=multi-uer.target</varname>
+ <varname>WantedBy=multi-user.target</varname>
in the unit's
<literal>[Install]</literal>
section.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
+ <term><filename>network-online.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
- <para>systemd automatically
- adds dependencies of type
- <varname>After=</varname> for
- this target unit to all SysV
- init script service units with
- an LSB header referring to the
- <literal>$network</literal>
- facility.</para>
+ <para>Units that strictly
+ require a configured network
+ connection should pull in
+ <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+ (via a
+ <varname>Wants=</varname> type
+ dependency) and order
+ themselves after it. This
+ target unit is intended to
+ pull in a service that delays
+ further execution until the
+ network is sufficiently set
+ up. What precisely this
+ requires is left to the
+ implementation of the network
+ managing service.</para>
- <para>This unit is supposed to
- indicate when the network is
- "up", but it is only very
- loosely defined what that is
- supposed to mean. Also see <ulink
+ <para>Note the distinction
+ between this unit and
+ <filename>network.target</filename>. This
+ unit is an active unit
+ (i.e. pulled in by the
+ consumer rather than the
+ provider of this
+ functionality) and pulls in a
+ service which possibly adds
+ substantial delays to further
+ execution. In contrast,
+ <filename>network.target</filename>
+ is a passive unit (i.e. pulled
+ in by the provider of the
+ functionality, rather than the
+ consumer) that usually does
+ not delay execution
+ much. Usually,
+ <filename>network.target</filename>
+ is part of the boot of most
+ systems, while
+ <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+ is not, except when at least
+ one unit requires it. Also see
+ <ulink
url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget">Running
Services After the Network is
up</ulink> for more
information.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>A target that should be
- used as synchronization point
- for all host/network name
- service lookups. Note that
- this is independent of
- user/group name lookups for
- which
- <filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename>
- should be used. systemd
- automatically adds
- dependencies of type
- <varname>After=</varname> for
- this target unit to all SysV
- init script service units with
- an LSB header referring to the
- <literal>$named</literal>
- facility.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>A target that should be
- used as synchronization point
- for all user/group name
- service lookups. Note that
- this is independent of
- host/network name lookups for
- which
- <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>
- should be used. </para>
- </listitem>
+
+ <para>All mount units for
+ remote network file systems
+ automatically pull in this
+ unit, and order themselves
+ after it. Note that networking
+ daemons that simply provide
+ functionality to other hosts
+ generally do not need to pull
+ this in.</para>
+ </listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>paths.target</filename></term>
unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>printer.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This target is started
- automatically as soon as a
- printer is plugged in or
- becomes available at
- boot.</para>
-
- <para>This may be used to pull
- in printer management
- daemons dynamically when
- printer hardware is
- found.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>reboot.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
facility.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>remote-fs-pre.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This target unit is
- automatically ordered before
- all remote mount points marked
- with <option>auto</option>
- (see above). It can be used to
- execute certain units before
- all remote mounts.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>rescue.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>systemd automatically
- adds dependencies of type
- <varname>After=</varname> for
- this target unit to all SysV
- init script service units with
- an LSB header referring to the
- <literal>$portmap</literal>
- facility.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
<term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
logic.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>smartcard.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This target is started
- automatically as soon as a
- smartcard controller is
- plugged in or becomes
- available at boot.</para>
-
- <para>This may be used to pull
- in printer management
- daemons dynamically when
- smartcard hardware is
- found.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
section.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>sound.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>This target is started
- automatically as soon as a
- sound card is plugged in or
- becomes available at
- boot.</para>
-
- <para>This may be used to pull
- in audio management daemons
- dynamically when printer
- hardware is found.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>suspend.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
Specification</ulink>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><filename>time-sync.target</filename></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>systemd automatically
- adds dependencies of type
- <varname>After=</varname> for
- this target unit to all SysV
- init script service units with
- an LSB header referring to the
- <literal>$time</literal>
- facility.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>timers.target</filename></term>
<listitem>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Special System Units for Devices</title>
+
+ <para>Some target units are automatically pulled in as
+ devices of certain kinds show up in the system. These
+ may be used to automatically activate various services
+ based on the specific type of the available
+ hardware.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>bluetooth.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ Bluetooth controller is
+ plugged in or becomes
+ available at boot.</para>
+
+ <para>This may be used to pull
+ in Bluetooth management
+ daemons dynamically when
+ Bluetooth hardware is
+ found.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>printer.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ printer is plugged in or
+ becomes available at
+ boot.</para>
+
+ <para>This may be used to pull
+ in printer management
+ daemons dynamically when
+ printer hardware is
+ found.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>smartcard.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ smartcard controller is
+ plugged in or becomes
+ available at boot.</para>
+
+ <para>This may be used to pull
+ in smartcard management
+ daemons dynamically when
+ smartcard hardware is
+ found.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>sound.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target is started
+ automatically as soon as a
+ sound card is plugged in or
+ becomes available at
+ boot.</para>
+
+ <para>This may be used to pull
+ in audio management daemons
+ dynamically when audio
+ hardware is found.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Special Passive System Units </title>
+
+ <para>A number of special system targets are defined
+ that can be used to properly order boot-up of optional
+ services. These targets are generally not part of the
+ initial boot transaction, unless they are explicitly
+ pulled in by one of the implementing services. Note
+ specifically, that these <emphasis>passive</emphasis>
+ target units are generally not pulled in by the
+ consumer of a service, but by the provider of the
+ service. This means: a consuming service should order
+ itself after these targets (as appropriate), but not
+ pull it in. A providing service should order itself
+ before these targets (as appropriate) and pull it in
+ (via a <varname>Wants=</varname> type
+ dependency).</para>
+
+ <para>Note that these passive units cannot be started
+ manually, i.e. <literal>systemctl start
+ time-sync.target</literal> will fail with an
+ error. They can only be pulled in by dependency. This
+ is enforced since they exist for ordering purposes
+ only and thus are not useful as only unit within a
+ transaction.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target unit is
+ automatically ordered before
+ all local mount points marked
+ with <option>auto</option>
+ (see above). It can be used to
+ execute certain units before
+ all local mounts.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This unit is supposed to
+ indicate when network
+ functionality is available,
+ but it is only very weakly
+ defined what that is supposed
+ to mean, with one exception:
+ at shutdown, a unit that is
+ ordered after
+ <filename>network.target</filename>
+ will be stopped before the
+ network -- to whatever level
+ it might be set up then -- is
+ shut down. Also see <ulink
+ url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget">Running
+ Services After the Network is
+ up</ulink> for more
+ information. Also see
+ <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+ described above.</para>
+
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ <varname>After=</varname> for
+ this target unit to all SysV
+ init script service units with
+ an LSB header referring to the
+ <literal>$network</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A target that should be
+ used as synchronization point
+ for all host/network name
+ service lookups. Note that
+ this is independent of
+ user/group name lookups for
+ which
+ <filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename>
+ should be used. systemd
+ automatically adds
+ dependencies of type
+ <varname>After=</varname> for
+ this target unit to all SysV
+ init script service units with
+ an LSB header referring to the
+ <literal>$named</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A target that should be
+ used as synchronization point
+ for all user/group name
+ service lookups. Note that
+ this is independent of
+ host/network name lookups for
+ which
+ <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>
+ should be used. </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>remote-fs-pre.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>This target unit is
+ automatically ordered before
+ all remote mount point units
+ (see above). It can be used to
+ run certain units before the
+ remote mounts are
+ established. Note that this
+ unit is generally not part of
+ the initial transaction,
+ unless the unit that wants to
+ be ordered before all remote
+ mounts pulls it in via a
+ <varname>Wants=</varname> type
+ dependency. If the unit wants
+ to be pulled in by the first
+ remote mount showing up, it
+ should use
+ <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+ (see above).</para>
+
+ <para>Again, this target unit
+ is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
+ suitable for pulling in other
+ units, it is only useful for
+ ordering.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ <varname>After=</varname> for
+ this target unit to all SysV
+ init script service units with
+ an LSB header referring to the
+ <literal>$portmap</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>time-sync.target</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>systemd automatically
+ adds dependencies of type
+ <varname>After=</varname> for
+ this target unit to all SysV
+ init script service units with
+ an LSB header referring to the
+ <literal>$time</literal>
+ facility.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
<refsect1>
<title>Special User Units</title>
similar definitions as their system counterparts:
<filename>default.target</filename>,
<filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
- <filename>sockets.target</filename></para>
+ <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
+ <filename>timers.target</filename>,
+ <filename>paths.target</filename>,
+ <filename>bluetooth.target</filename>,
+ <filename>printer.target</filename>,
+ <filename>smartcard.target</filename>,
+ <filename>sound.target</filename>.</para>
<para>In addition the following special unit is
understood only when systemd runs as service instance:</para>
terminate the user service
manager should start this
unit. If systemd receives
- SIGTERM or SIGINT when running
- as user service daemon it will
+ <constant>SIGTERM</constant> or <constant>SIGINT</constant> when running
+ as user service daemon, it will
start this unit.</para>
<para>Normally, this pulls in
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Special Slice Units</title>
+
+ <para>There are four <literal>.slice</literal> units
+ which form the basis of the hierarchy for assignment
+ of resources for services, users, and virtual machines
+ or containers.</para>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>-.slice</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The root slice is the
+ root of the hierarchy. It
+ usually does not contain units
+ directly, but may be used to
+ set defaults for the whole
+ tree.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>system.slice</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>By default, all services
+ services started by
+ <command>systemd</command> are
+ found in this slice.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>user.slice</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>By default, all user
+ processes and services started
+ on behalf of the user,
+ including the per-user systemd
+ instance are found in this
+ slice.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><filename>machine.slice</filename></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>By defalt, all virtual
+ machines and containers
+ registered with
+ <command>systemd-machined</command>
+ are found in this slice.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff