sd-login: add a public accessor for the VT number

[elogind.git] / man / systemd.special.xml

diff --git a/man/systemd.special.xml b/man/systemd.special.xml
index e81e99e44efe07ce4572ae6c9c8d1abec34d3e37..4d0660714531f45d3227de3a5e258fdb0d6e45f8 100644 (file)
--- a/man/systemd.special.xml
+++ b/man/systemd.special.xml
@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@
   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
 
   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
 
   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it

-  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or

   (at your option) any later version.
 
   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
   (at your option) any later version.
 
   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU

-  General Public License for more details.
+  Lesser General Public License for more details.

 
 

-  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License

   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 -->
 
   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 -->
 


@@ -44,42 +44,67 @@
 
         <refnamediv>
                 <refname>systemd.special</refname>
 
         <refnamediv>
                 <refname>systemd.special</refname>

-                <refpurpose>special systemd units</refpurpose>
+                <refpurpose>Special systemd units</refpurpose>

         </refnamediv>
 
         <refsynopsisdiv>
         </refnamediv>
 
         <refsynopsisdiv>

-                <para><filename>basic.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>default.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>emergency.service</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>graphical.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>halt.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>local-fs.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>multi-user.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>network.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>poweroff.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>reboot.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>rescue.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>rtc-set.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>,
-                        <filename>runlevel0.target</filename>,
-                        <filename>runlevel1.target</filename>,
-                        <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
-                        <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
-                        <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
-                        <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
-                        <filename>runlevel6.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>shutdown.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>sockets.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>swap.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>syslog.target</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>, <filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></para>
-                <para><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename>, <filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></para>
+                <para><filename>basic.target</filename>,
+                <filename>bluetooth.target</filename>,
+                <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename>,
+                <filename>cryptsetup.target</filename>,
+                <filename>dbus.service</filename>,
+                <filename>dbus.socket</filename>,
+                <filename>default.target</filename>,
+                <filename>display-manager.service</filename>,
+                <filename>emergency.target</filename>,
+                <filename>exit.target</filename>,
+                <filename>final.target</filename>,
+                <filename>getty.target</filename>,
+                <filename>graphical.target</filename>,
+                <filename>halt.target</filename>,
+                <filename>hibernate.target</filename>,
+                <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>,
+                <filename>initrd-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>kbrequest.target</filename>,
+                <filename>kexec.target</filename>,
+                <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename>,
+                <filename>multi-user.target</filename>,
+                <filename>network.target</filename>,
+                <filename>network-online.target</filename>,
+                <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>,
+                <filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename>,
+                <filename>paths.target</filename>,
+                <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
+                <filename>printer.target</filename>,
+                <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
+                <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>remote-fs-pre.target</filename>,
+                <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
+                <filename>initrd-root-fs.target</filename>,
+                <filename>rpcbind.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
+                <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
+                <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sigpwr.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sleep.target</filename>,
+                <filename>smartcard.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sound.target</filename>,
+                <filename>suspend.target</filename>,
+                <filename>swap.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sysinit.target</filename>,
+                <filename>syslog.socket</filename>,
+                <filename>system-update.target</filename>,
+                <filename>time-sync.target</filename>,
+                <filename>timers.target</filename>,
+                <filename>umount.target</filename>,
+                <filename>-.slice</filename>,
+                <filename>system.slice</filename>,
+                <filename>user.slice</filename>,
+                <filename>machine.slice</filename></para>

         </refsynopsisdiv>
 
         <refsect1>
         </refsynopsisdiv>
 
         <refsect1>


@@ -98,23 +123,23 @@
                                 <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                                         <para>A special target unit
                                 <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                                         <para>A special target unit

-                                        covering early boot-up.</para>
+                                        covering basic boot-up.</para>

                                         <para>systemd automatically
                                         adds dependencies of the types
                                         <para>systemd automatically
                                         adds dependencies of the types

-                                        Requires and After for this
-                                        target unit to all SysV
-                                        service units configured for
-                                        runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
-                                        <para>systemd automatically
-                                        adds dependencies of the types
-                                        Wants and After for all
-                                        SysV service units configured
-                                        for runlevels that are not 0
-                                        to 6 to this target unit.
-                                        This covers the special
-                                        boot-up runlevels some
-                                        distributions have, such as S
-                                        or b.</para>
+                                        <varname>Requires=</varname>
+                                        and <varname>After=</varname>
+                                        for this target unit to all
+                                        services (except for those
+                                        with
+                                        <varname>DefaultDependencies=no</varname>).</para>
+
+                                        <para>Usually this should
+                                        pull-in all mount points, swap
+                                        devices, sockets, timers, and
+                                        path units and other basic
+                                        initialization necessary for
+                                        general purpose
+                                        daemons.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>


@@ -129,6 +154,38 @@
                                         <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                                         <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>

+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>cryptsetup.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A target that pulls in
+                                        setup services for all
+                                        encrypted block
+                                        devices.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>dbus.service</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special unit for the
+                                        D-Bus bus daemon. As soon as
+                                        this service is fully started
+                                        up systemd will connect to it
+                                        and register its
+                                        service.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>dbus.socket</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special unit for the
+                                        D-Bus system bus socket. All
+                                        units with
+                                        <varname>Type=dbus</varname>
+                                        automatically gain a
+                                        dependency on this
+                                        unit.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>

                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>


@@ -139,27 +196,63 @@
                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
                                         or
                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
                                         or
                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>

+

                                         <para>The default unit systemd
                                         starts at bootup can be
                                         <para>The default unit systemd
                                         starts at bootup can be

-                                        overriden with the
-                                        <varname>systemd.default=</varname>
+                                        overridden with the
+                                        <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>

                                         kernel command line option.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                         kernel command line option.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>emergency.service</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>display-manager.service</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>A special service unit
+                                        <para>The display manager
+                                        service. Usually this should
+                                        be aliased (symlinked) to
+                                        <filename>gdm.service</filename>
+                                        or a similar display manager
+                                        service.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>emergency.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit

                                         that starts an emergency
                                         shell on the main
                                         console. This unit is supposed
                                         to be used with the kernel
                                         command line option
                                         that starts an emergency
                                         shell on the main
                                         console. This unit is supposed
                                         to be used with the kernel
                                         command line option

-                                        <varname>systemd.default=</varname>
+                                        <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>

                                         and has otherwise little use.
                                         </para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                                         and has otherwise little use.
                                         </para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>

+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>final.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that is used during the
+                                        shutdown logic and may be used
+                                        to pull in late services after
+                                        all normal services are
+                                        already terminated and all
+                                        mounts unmounted.
+                                        </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>getty.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that pulls in statically
+                                        configured local TTY
+                                        <filename>getty</filename>
+                                        instances.
+                                        </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>

                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>


@@ -169,24 +262,71 @@
                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
 
                                         <para>Units that are needed
                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
 
                                         <para>Units that are needed

-                                        for graphical login shall add
-                                        Wants dependencies for their
-                                        unit to this unit (or
+                                        for graphical logins shall add
+                                        <varname>Wants=</varname>
+                                        dependencies for their unit to
+                                        this unit (or

                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)
                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)

-                                        during installation.</para>
+                                        during installation. This is
+                                        best configured via
+                                        <varname>WantedBy=graphical.target</varname>
+                                        in the unit's
+                                        <literal>[Install]</literal>
+                                        section.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>hibernate.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for hibernating the
+                                        system. This pulls in
+                                        <filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for hibernating and suspending the
+                                        system at the same time. This pulls in
+                                        <filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                                         <para>A special target unit
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                                         <para>A special target unit

-                                        for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
+                                        for shutting down and halting
+                                        the system. Note that this
+                                        target is distinct from
+                                        <filename>poweroff.target</filename>
+                                        in that it generally really
+                                        just halts the system rather
+                                        than powering it down.</para>

 
                                         <para>Applications wanting to
                                         halt the system should start
                                         this unit.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
 
                                         <para>Applications wanting to
                                         halt the system should start
                                         this unit.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>

+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>initrd-fs.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                        automatically adds
+                                        dependencies of type
+                                        <varname>Before=</varname> to
+                                        <filename>sysroot-usr.mount</filename>
+                                        and all mount points found in
+                                        <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
+                                        that have the
+                                        <option>auto</option> and
+                                        <option>x-initrd.mount</option>
+                                        mount options set.
+                                        </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>

                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>


@@ -198,32 +338,35 @@
                                         <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                                         <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>

+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>kexec.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for shutting down and rebooting the system via kexec.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Applications wanting to
+                                        reboot the system with kexec should start
+                                        this unit.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>

                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 <term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                        automatically adds
+                                        dependencies of type
+                                        <varname>Before=</varname> to
+                                        all mount units that refer to
+                                        local mount points for this
+                                        target unit. In addition, it

                                         adds dependencies of type
                                         adds dependencies of type

-                                        After to all mount units that
-                                        refer to local mount points
-                                        for this target unit. In
-                                        addition, systemd adds
-                                        dependencies of type Wants to
+                                        <varname>Wants=</varname> to

                                         this target unit for those
                                         mounts listed in
                                         <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
                                         that have the
                                         this target unit for those
                                         mounts listed in
                                         <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
                                         that have the

-                                        <literal>auto</literal> and
-                                        <literal>comment=systemd.mount</literal>
-                                        mount options set.</para>
-
-                                        <para>systemd automatically
-                                        adds dependencies of type
-                                        After for this target unit to
-                                        all SysV init script service
-                                        units with an LSB header
-                                        referring to the
-                                        <literal>$local_fs</literal>
-                                        facility.</para>
+                                        <option>auto</option> mount
+                                        option set.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>


@@ -237,35 +380,99 @@
 
                                         <para>Units that are needed
                                         for a multi-user system shall
 
                                         <para>Units that are needed
                                         for a multi-user system shall

-                                        add Wants dependencies to
-                                        this unit for their unit during
-                                        installation.</para>
+                                        add <varname>Wants=</varname>
+                                        dependencies for their unit to
+                                        this unit during
+                                        installation. This is best
+                                        configured via
+                                        <varname>WantedBy=multi-user.target</varname>
+                                        in the unit's
+                                        <literal>[Install]</literal>
+                                        section.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>network-online.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>systemd automatically
-                                        adds dependencies of type
-                                        After for this target unit to
-                                        all SysV init script service
-                                        units with an LSB header
-                                        referring to the
-                                        <literal>$network</literal>
-                                        facility.</para>
-                                </listitem>
+                                        <para>Units that strictly
+                                        require a configured network
+                                        connection should pull in
+                                        <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+                                        (via a
+                                        <varname>Wants=</varname> type
+                                        dependency) and order
+                                        themselves after it. This
+                                        target unit is intended to
+                                        pull in a service that delays
+                                        further execution until the
+                                        network is sufficiently set
+                                        up. What precisely this
+                                        requires is left to the
+                                        implementation of the network
+                                        managing service.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Note the distinction
+                                        between this unit and
+                                        <filename>network.target</filename>. This
+                                        unit is an active unit
+                                        (i.e. pulled in by the
+                                        consumer rather than the
+                                        provider of this
+                                        functionality) and pulls in a
+                                        service which possibly adds
+                                        substantial delays to further
+                                        execution. In contrast,
+                                        <filename>network.target</filename>
+                                        is a passive unit (i.e. pulled
+                                        in by the provider of the
+                                        functionality, rather than the
+                                        consumer) that usually does
+                                        not delay execution
+                                        much. Usually,
+                                        <filename>network.target</filename>
+                                        is part of the boot of most
+                                        systems, while
+                                        <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+                                        is not, except when at least
+                                        one unit requires it. Also see
+                                        <ulink
+                                        url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget">Running
+                                        Services After the Network is
+                                        up</ulink> for more
+                                        information.</para>
+
+                                        <para>All mount units for
+                                        remote network file systems
+                                        automatically pull in this
+                                        unit, and order themselves
+                                        after it. Note that networking
+                                        daemons that simply provide
+                                        functionality to other hosts
+                                        generally do not need to pull
+                                        this in.</para>
+                                        </listitem>

                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>paths.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>systemd automatically
-                                        adds dependencies of type
-                                        After for this target unit to
-                                        all SysV init script service
-                                        units with an LSB header
-                                        referring to the
-                                        <literal>$named</literal>
-                                        facility.</para>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that sets up all path units
+                                        (see
+                                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.path</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                        for details) that shall be
+                                        active after boot.</para>
+
+                                        <para>It is recommended that
+                                        path units installed by
+                                        applications get pulled in via
+                                        <varname>Wants=</varname>
+                                        dependencies from this
+                                        unit. This is best configured
+                                        via a
+                                        <varname>WantedBy=paths.target</varname>
+                                        in the path unit's
+                                        <literal>[Install]</literal>
+                                        section.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>


@@ -308,11 +515,11 @@
 
                                         <para>systemd automatically
                                         adds dependencies of type
 
                                         <para>systemd automatically
                                         adds dependencies of type

-                                        After for this target unit to
-                                        all SysV init script service
-                                        units with an LSB header
-                                        referring to the
-                                        <literal>$remote-fs</literal>
+                                        <varname>After=</varname> for
+                                        this target unit to all SysV
+                                        init script service units with
+                                        an LSB header referring to the
+                                        <literal>$remote_fs</literal>

                                         facility.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                                         facility.</para>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>


@@ -329,275 +536,564 @@
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>initrd-root-fs.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>systemd automatically
-                                        adds dependencies of type
-                                        After for this target unit to
-                                        all SysV init script service
-                                        units with an LSB header
-                                        referring to the
-                                        <literal>$rpcbind</literal>
-                                        facility.</para>
+                                        <para><citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                        automatically adds
+                                        dependencies of type
+                                        <varname>Before=</varname> to
+                                        the
+                                        <filename>sysroot.mount</filename>
+                                        unit, which is generated from
+                                        the kernel command line.
+                                        </para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>rtc-set.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>systemd automatically
-                                        adds dependencies of type
-                                        After for this target unit to
-                                        all SysV init script service
-                                        units with an LSB header
-                                        referring to the
-                                        <literal>$time</literal>
-                                        facility.</para>
+                                        <para>These are targets that
+                                        are called whenever the SysV
+                                        compatibility code asks for
+                                        runlevel 2, 3, 4, 5,
+                                        respectively. It is a good
+                                        idea to make this an alias for
+                                        (i.e. symlink to)
+                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
+                                        (for runlevel 2) or
+                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>
+                                        (the others).</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>runlevel0.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is a target that is
-                                        called whever the SysV
-                                        compatibility code asks for
-                                        runlevel 0. This is an alias
-                                        for
-                                        <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
-                                        for compatibility with
-                                        SysV.</para>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that terminates the services
+                                        on system shutdown.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Services that shall be
+                                        terminated on system shutdown
+                                        shall add <varname>Conflicts=</varname>
+                                        dependencies to this unit for
+                                        their service unit, which is
+                                        implicitly done when
+                                        <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
+                                        is set (the default).</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>runlevel1.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is a target that is
-                                        called whever the SysV
-                                        compatibility code asks for
-                                        runlevel 1. This is an alias
-                                        for
-                                        <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
-                                        for compatibility with
-                                        SysV.</para>
+                                        <para>A special target that is
+                                        started when systemd receives
+                                        the SIGPWR process signal,
+                                        which is normally sent by the
+                                        kernel or UPS daemons when
+                                        power fails.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>sleep.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is a target that is
-                                        called whever the SysV
-                                        compatibility code asks for
-                                        runlevel 2. It is a good idea
-                                        to make this an alias for
-                                        (i.e. symlink to)
-                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that is pulled in by
+                                        <filename>suspend.target</filename>,
+                                        <filename>hibernate.target</filename>
+                                        and
+                                        <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename>
+                                        and may be used to hook units
+                                        into the sleep state
+                                        logic.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is a target that is
-                                        called whever the SysV
-                                        compatibility code asks for
-                                        runlevel 3. It is a good idea
-                                        to make this an alias for
-                                        (i.e. symlink to)
-                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
-                                        or
-                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that sets up all socket
+                                        units.(see
+                                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                        for details) that shall be
+                                        active after boot.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Services that can be
+                                        socket-activated shall add
+                                        <varname>Wants=</varname>
+                                        dependencies to this unit for
+                                        their socket unit during
+                                        installation. This is best
+                                        configured via a
+                                        <varname>WantedBy=sockets.target</varname>
+                                        in the socket unit's
+                                        <literal>[Install]</literal>
+                                        section.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>suspend.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is a target that is
-                                        called whever the SysV
-                                        compatibility code asks for
-                                        runlevel 4. It is a good idea
-                                        to make this an alias for
-                                        (i.e. symlink to)
-                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
-                                        or
-                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        for suspending the
+                                        system. This pulls in
+                                        <filename>sleep.target</filename>.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>swap.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is a target that is
-                                        called whever the SysV
-                                        compatibility code asks for
-                                        runlevel 5. It is a good idea
-                                        to make this an alias for
-                                        (i.e. symlink to)
-                                        <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
-                                        or
-                                        <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>Similar to
+                                        <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for swap
+                                        partitions and swap
+                                        files.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>runlevel6.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>sysinit.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is a target that is
-                                        called whever the SysV
-                                        compatibility code asks for
-                                        runlevel 6. This is an alias
-                                        for
-                                        <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
-                                        for compatibility with
-                                        SysV.</para>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        covering early boot-up scripts.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>syslog.socket</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>The socket unit
+                                        syslog implementations should
+                                        listen on. All userspace log
+                                        messages will be made
+                                        available on this socket. For
+                                        more information about syslog
+                                        integration, please consult
+                                        the <ulink
+                                        url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/syslog">Syslog
+                                        Interface</ulink>
+                                        document.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>system-update.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                         <para>A special target unit
                                 <listitem>
                                         <para>A special target unit

-                                        that terminates the services
-                                        on system shutdown.</para>
+                                        that is used for off-line
+                                        system updates.
+                                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system-update-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                        will redirect the boot process
+                                        to this target if
+                                        <filename>/system-update</filename>
+                                        exists. For more information
+                                        see the <ulink
+                                        url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates">System
+                                        Updates
+                                        Specification</ulink>.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>timers.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that sets up all timer
+                                        units (see
+                                        <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.timer</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                                        for details) that shall be
+                                        active after boot.</para>

 
 

-                                        <para>Services that shall be
-                                        terminated on system shutdown
+                                        <para>It is recommended that
+                                        timer units installed by
+                                        applications get pulled in via
+                                        <varname>Wants=</varname>
+                                        dependencies from this
+                                        unit. This is best configured
+                                        via
+                                        <varname>WantedBy=timers.target</varname>
+                                        in the timer unit's
+                                        <literal>[Install]</literal>
+                                        section.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>umount.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special target unit
+                                        that umounts all mount and
+                                        automount points on system
+                                        shutdown.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Mounts that shall be
+                                        unmounted on system shutdown

                                         shall add Conflicts
                                         dependencies to this unit for
                                         shall add Conflicts
                                         dependencies to this unit for

-                                        their service unit during
-                                        installation.</para>
+                                        their mount unit, which is
+                                        implicitly done when
+                                        <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
+                                        is set (the default).</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>

 
 

-                                        <para>systemd automatically
-                                        adds dependencies of type
-                                        Conflicts to this target unit
-                                        for all SysV init script
-                                        service units that shall be
-                                        terminated in SysV runlevels 0
-                                        or 6.</para>
+                </variablelist>
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Special System Units for Devices</title>
+
+                <para>Some target units are automatically pulled in as
+                devices of certain kinds show up in the system. These
+                may be used to automatically activate various services
+                based on the specific type of the available
+                hardware.</para>
+
+                <variablelist>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>bluetooth.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This target is started
+                                        automatically as soon as a
+                                        Bluetooth controller is
+                                        plugged in or becomes
+                                        available at boot.</para>
+
+                                        <para>This may be used to pull
+                                        in Bluetooth management
+                                        daemons dynamically when
+                                        Bluetooth hardware is
+                                        found.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>printer.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>A special target that is
-                                        started when systemd receives
-                                        the SIGPWR process signal,
-                                        which is normally sent by the
-                                        kernel or UPS daemons when
-                                        power fails.</para>
+                                        <para>This target is started
+                                        automatically as soon as a
+                                        printer is plugged in or
+                                        becomes available at
+                                        boot.</para>
+
+                                        <para>This may be used to pull
+                                        in printer management
+                                        daemons dynamically when
+                                        printer hardware is
+                                        found.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>smartcard.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>A special target unit
-                                        that sets up all service
-                                        sockets.</para>
+                                        <para>This target is started
+                                        automatically as soon as a
+                                        smartcard controller is
+                                        plugged in or becomes
+                                        available at boot.</para>

 
 

-                                        <para>Services that can be
-                                        socket-activated shall add
-                                        Wants dependencies to this
-                                        unit for their socket unit
-                                        during installation.</para>
+                                        <para>This may be used to pull
+                                        in smartcard management
+                                        daemons dynamically when
+                                        smartcard hardware is
+                                        found.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>swap.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>sound.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>Similar to
-                                        <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for swap
-                                        partitions and swap
-                                        files.</para>
+                                        <para>This target is started
+                                        automatically as soon as a
+                                        sound card is plugged in or
+                                        becomes available at
+                                        boot.</para>
+
+                                        <para>This may be used to pull
+                                        in audio management daemons
+                                        dynamically when audio
+                                        hardware is found.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                </variablelist>
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Special Passive System Units </title>
+
+                <para>A number of special system targets are defined
+                that can be used to properly order boot-up of optional
+                services. These targets are generally not part of the
+                initial boot transaction, unless they are explicitly
+                pulled in by one of the implementing services. Note
+                specifically, that these <emphasis>passive</emphasis>
+                target units are generally not pulled in by the
+                consumer of a service, but by the provider of the
+                service. This means: a consuming service should order
+                itself after these targets (as appropriate), but not
+                pull it in. A providing service should order itself
+                before these targets (as appropriate) and pull it in
+                (via a <varname>Wants=</varname> type
+                dependency).</para>
+
+                <para>Note that these passive units cannot be started
+                manually, i.e. <literal>systemctl start
+                time-sync.target</literal> will fail with an
+                error. They can only be pulled in by dependency. This
+                is enforced since they exist for ordering purposes
+                only and thus are not useful as only unit within a
+                transaction.</para>
+
+                <variablelist>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>local-fs-pre.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>This target unit is
+                                        automatically ordered before
+                                        all local mount points marked
+                                        with <option>auto</option>
+                                        (see above). It can be used to
+                                        execute certain units before
+                                        all local mounts.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>syslog.target</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

+                                        <para>This unit is supposed to
+                                        indicate when network
+                                        functionality is available,
+                                        but it is only very weakly
+                                        defined what that is supposed
+                                        to mean, with one exception:
+                                        at shutdown, a unit that is
+                                        ordered after
+                                        <filename>network.target</filename>
+                                        will be stopped before the
+                                        network -- to whatever level
+                                        it might be set up then -- is
+                                        shut down. Also see <ulink
+                                        url="http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/NetworkTarget">Running
+                                        Services After the Network is
+                                        up</ulink> for more
+                                        information. Also see
+                                        <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+                                        described above.</para>
+

                                         <para>systemd automatically
                                         adds dependencies of type
                                         <para>systemd automatically
                                         adds dependencies of type

-                                        After for this target unit to
-                                        all SysV init script service
-                                        units with an LSB header
-                                        referring to the
-                                        <literal>$syslog</literal>
+                                        <varname>After=</varname> for
+                                        this target unit to all SysV
+                                        init script service units with
+                                        an LSB header referring to the
+                                        <literal>$network</literal>

                                         facility.</para>
 
                                         facility.</para>
 

-                                        <para>Administrators should
-                                        ensure that this target pulls
-                                        in a service unit with the
-                                        name or alias of
-                                        <filename>@SPECIAL_SYSLOG_SERVICE@</filename>
-                                        (or a socket unit that
-                                        activates this
-                                        service).</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This provides
-                                        compatibility with the SysV
-                                        /dev/initctl file system FIFO
-                                        for communication with the
-                                        init system.</para>
-                                        <para>This is a
-                                        socket-activated service, see
-                                        <filename>system-initctl.socket</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>A target that should be
+                                        used as synchronization point
+                                        for all host/network name
+                                        service lookups. Note that
+                                        this is independent of
+                                        user/group name lookups for
+                                        which
+                                        <filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename>
+                                        should be used. systemd
+                                        automatically adds
+                                        dependencies of type
+                                        <varname>After=</varname> for
+                                        this target unit to all SysV
+                                        init script service units with
+                                        an LSB header referring to the
+                                        <literal>$named</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>nss-user-lookup.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>Socket activation unit
-                                        for
-                                        <filename>system-initctl.service</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>A target that should be
+                                        used as synchronization point
+                                        for all user/group name
+                                        service lookups. Note that
+                                        this is independent of
+                                        host/network name lookups for
+                                        which
+                                        <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>
+                                        should be used. </para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>systemd-logger.service</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>remote-fs-pre.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>This is internally used
-                                        by systemd to provide syslog
-                                        logging to the processes it
-                                        maintains.</para>
-                                        <para>This is a
-                                        socket-activated service, see
-                                        <filename>system-logger.socket</filename>.</para>
+                                        <para>This target unit is
+                                        automatically ordered before
+                                        all remote mount point units
+                                        (see above). It can be used to
+                                        run certain units before the
+                                        remote mounts are
+                                        established. Note that this
+                                        unit is generally not part of
+                                        the initial transaction,
+                                        unless the unit that wants to
+                                        be ordered before all remote
+                                        mounts pulls it in via a
+                                        <varname>Wants=</varname> type
+                                        dependency. If the unit wants
+                                        to be pulled in by the first
+                                        remote mount showing up it
+                                        should use
+                                        <filename>network-online.target</filename>
+                                        (see above).</para>
+
+                                        <para>Again, this target unit
+                                        is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
+                                        suitable for pulling in other
+                                        units, it is only useful for
+                                        ordering.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                         <varlistentry>

-                                <term><filename>systemd-logger.socket</filename></term>
+                                <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>

                                 <listitem>
                                 <listitem>

-                                        <para>Socket activation unit
-                                        for
-                                        <filename>system-logger.service</filename>. systemd
-                                        will automatically add
-                                        dependencies of types Requires
-                                        and After to all units that
-                                        have been configured for
-                                        stdout or stderr to be
-                                        connected to syslog or the
-                                        kernel log buffer.</para>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        <varname>After=</varname> for
+                                        this target unit to all SysV
+                                        init script service units with
+                                        an LSB header referring to the
+                                        <literal>$portmap</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>time-sync.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>systemd automatically
+                                        adds dependencies of type
+                                        <varname>After=</varname> for
+                                        this target unit to all SysV
+                                        init script service units with
+                                        an LSB header referring to the
+                                        <literal>$time</literal>
+                                        facility.</para>

                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                 </variablelist>
         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>
                                 </listitem>
                         </varlistentry>
                 </variablelist>
         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>

-                <title>Special Session Units</title>
+                <title>Special User Units</title>

 
 

-                <para>When systemd runs as a service instance, the
+                <para>When systemd runs as a user instance, the

                 following special units are available, which have
                 similar definitions as their system counterparts:
                 <filename>default.target</filename>,
                 following special units are available, which have
                 similar definitions as their system counterparts:
                 <filename>default.target</filename>,

-                <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
-                <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,

                 <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
                 <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
                 <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
                 <filename>sockets.target</filename>,

-                <filename>swap.target</filename>.</para>
+                <filename>timers.target</filename>,
+                <filename>paths.target</filename>,
+                <filename>bluetooth.target</filename>,
+                <filename>printer.target</filename>,
+                <filename>smartcard.target</filename>,
+                <filename>sound.target</filename>.</para>
+
+                <para>In addition the following special unit is
+                understood only when systemd runs as service instance:</para>
+
+                <variablelist>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>exit.target</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>A special service unit
+                                        for shutting down the
+                                        user service manager.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Applications wanting to
+                                        terminate the user service
+                                        manager should start this
+                                        unit. If systemd receives
+                                        <constant>SIGTERM</constant> or <constant>SIGINT</constant> when running
+                                        as user service daemon it will
+                                        start this unit.</para>
+
+                                        <para>Normally, this pulls in
+                                        <filename>shutdown.target</filename>
+                                        which in turn should be
+                                        conflicted by all units that
+                                        want to be shut down on
+                                        user service manager exit.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                </variablelist>
+        </refsect1>
+
+        <refsect1>
+                <title>Special Slice Units</title>
+
+                <para>There are four <literal>.slice</literal> units
+                which form the basis of the hierarchy for assignment
+                of resources for services, users, and virtual machines
+                or containers.</para>
+
+                <variablelist>
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>-.slice</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>The root slice is the
+                                        root of the hierarchy. It
+                                        usually does not contain units
+                                        directly, but may be used to
+                                        set defaults for the whole
+                                        tree.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>system.slice</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>By default, all services
+                                        services started by
+                                        <command>systemd</command> are
+                                        found in this slice.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>user.slice</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>By default, all user
+                                        processes and services started
+                                        on behalf of the user,
+                                        including the per-user systemd
+                                        instance are found in this
+                                        slice.</para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+
+                        <varlistentry>
+                                <term><filename>machine.slice</filename></term>
+                                <listitem>
+                                        <para>By defalt, all virtual
+                                        machines and containers
+                                        registered with
+                                        <command>systemd-machined</command>
+                                        are found in this slice.
+                                        </para>
+                                </listitem>
+                        </varlistentry>
+                </variablelist>

         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>
                   <title>See Also</title>
                   <para>
         </refsect1>
 
         <refsect1>
                   <title>See Also</title>
                   <para>

-                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
-                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
-                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
-                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.slice</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>bootup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+                          <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>

                   </para>
         </refsect1>
 
                   </para>
         </refsect1>