along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->
-<refentry id="systemctl">
+<refentry id="systemctl"
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refentryinfo>
<title>systemctl</title>
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
<variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-h</option></term>
- <term><option>--help</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Prints a short help
- text and exits.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--version</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Prints a short version string and exits.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-t</option></term>
<term><option>--type=</option></term>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-r</option></term>
+ <term><option>--recursive</option></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>When listing units, also show units of local
+ containers. Units of local containers will be prefixed with
+ the container name, separated by a single colon character
+ (<literal>:</literal>).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--reverse</option></term>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--after</option></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
+ units that are ordered before the specified unit. In other
+ words, list the units that are in the <varname>After=</varname>
+ directive of the specified unit, have the specified unit in
+ their <varname>Before=</varname> directive, or are otherwise
+ implicit dependencies of the specified unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
<term><option>--before</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Show which units are started after or before
- with <command>list-dependencies</command>, respectively.
- </para>
+ <para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
+ units that are ordered after the specified unit. In other
+ words, list the units that are in the <varname>Before=</varname>
+ directive of the specified unit, have the specified unit in
+ their <varname>After=</varname> directive, or otherwise depend
+ on the specified unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><option>--full</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Do not ellipsize unit names, process tree entries, and
- truncate unit descriptions in the output of
- <command>list-units</command> and
- <command>list-jobs</command>.</para>
+ <para>Do not ellipsize unit names, process tree entries,
+ journal output, or truncate unit descriptions in the output
+ of <command>status</command>, <command>list-units</command>,
+ <command>list-jobs</command>, and
+ <command>list-timers</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><option>--job-mode=</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>When queuing a new job, control how to deal with already
- queued jobs. Takes one of <literal>fail</literal>,
+ <para>When queuing a new job, this option controls how to deal with
+ already queued jobs. It takes one of <literal>fail</literal>,
<literal>replace</literal>,
<literal>replace-irreversibly</literal>,
<literal>isolate</literal>,
applications.</para>
<para><literal>ignore-requirements</literal> is similar to
- <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal> but only causes the
+ <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>, but only causes the
requirement dependencies to be ignored, the ordering
dependencies will still be honoured.</para>
</listitem>
sleep state. Any user may take these locks and privileged
users may override these locks. If any locks are taken,
shutdown and sleep state requests will normally fail
- (regardless if privileged or not) and a list of active locks
+ (regardless of whether privileged or not) and a list of active locks
is printed. However, if <option>--ignore-inhibitors</option>
is specified, the locks are ignored and not printed, and the
operation attempted anyway, possibly requiring additional
<term><option>--no-legend</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Do not print a legend, i.e. the column headers and
+ <para>Do not print the legend, i.e. the column headers and
the footer with hints.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Do not pipe output into a pager.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--system</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Talk to the systemd system manager. (Default)</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--user</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Talk to the systemd manager of the calling
- user.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>,
- <command>disable</command>, <command>is-enabled</command>
+ <command>disable</command>,
(and related commands), make changes only temporarily, so
that they are lost on the next reboot. This will have the
effect that changes are not made in subdirectories of
with identical immediate effects, however, since the latter
is lost on reboot, the changes are lost too.</para>
- <para>Similar, when used with
+ <para>Similarly, when used with
<command>set-property</command>, make changes only
temporarily, so that they are lost on the next
reboot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-H</option></term>
- <term><option>--host</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Execute the operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or
- username and hostname separated by <literal>@</literal>, to
- connect to. This will use SSH to talk to the remote systemd
- instance.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-M</option></term>
- <term><option>--machine=</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Execute the operation on a local
- container. Specify a container name to connect
- to.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-n</option></term>
<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
+
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-units</command></term>
+ <term><command>list-units <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
<listitem>
<para>List known units (subject to limitations specified
- with <option>-t</option>).</para>
+ with <option>-t</option>). If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ units matching one of them are shown.</para>
<para>This is the default command.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-sockets</command></term>
+ <term><command>list-sockets <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>List socket units ordered by the listening address. Produces output
- similar to
+ <para>List socket units ordered by listening address.
+ If one or more <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are
+ specified, only socket units matching one of them are
+ shown. Produces output similar to
<programlisting>
LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES
/dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service
[::]:22 sshd.socket sshd.service
kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service
-5 sockets listed.
- </programlisting>
+5 sockets listed.</programlisting>
Note: because the addresses might contains spaces, this output
is not suitable for programmatic consumption.
</para>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-timers</command></term>
+ <term><command>list-timers <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>List timer units ordered by the time they elapse next.</para>
+ <para>List timer units ordered by the time they elapse
+ next. If one or more <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s
+ are specified, only units matching one of them are shown.
+ </para>
<para>See also the options <option>--all</option> and
<option>--failed</option>.</para>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>start <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>start <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Start (activate) one or more units specified on the
command line.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that glob patterns operate on a list of currently
+ loaded units. Units which are not active and are not in a
+ failed state usually are not loaded, and would not be
+ matched by any pattern. In addition, in case of
+ instantiated units, systemd is often unaware of the
+ instance name until the instance has been started. Therefore,
+ using glob patterns with <command>start</command>
+ has limited usefulness.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>stop <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>stop <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>reload <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Asks all units listed on the command line to reload
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>try-restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>try-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload-or-restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload-or-try-restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>reload-or-try-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>kill <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>kill <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>is-active <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>is-active <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Check whether any of the specified units are active
- (i.e. running). Returns an exit code 0 if at least one is
- active, non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option>
- is specified, this will also print the current unit state to
- STDOUT.</para>
+ (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
+ <constant>0</constant> if at least one is active, or
+ non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
+ specified, this will also print the current unit state to
+ standard output.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>is-failed <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>is-failed <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Check whether any of the specified units are in a "failed" state.
- Returns an exit code 0 if at least one has failed, non-zero
- otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is specified, this
- will also print the current unit state to
- STDOUT.</para>
+ <para>Check whether any of the specified units are in a
+ "failed" state. Returns an exit code
+ <constant>0</constant> if at least one has failed,
+ non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
+ specified, this will also print the current unit state to
+ standard output.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>status [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...]</command></term>
+ <term><command>status</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...]</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show terse runtime status information about one or
more units, followed by most recent log data from the
- journal. If no units are specified, show all units (subject
- to limitations specified with <option>-t</option>). If a PID
- is passed, show information about the unit the process
- belongs to.</para>
+ journal. If no units are specified, show system status. If
+ combined with <option>--all</option> also shows status of
+ all units (subject to limitations specified with
+ <option>-t</option>). If a PID is passed, show information
+ about the unit the process belongs to.</para>
<para>This function is intended to generate human-readable
- output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output, use
- <command>show</command> instead.</para>
+ output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output,
+ use <command>show</command> instead. By default this
+ function only shows 10 lines of output and ellipsizes
+ lines to fit in the terminal window. This can be changes
+ with <option>--lines</option> and <option>--full</option>,
+ see above. In addition, <command>journalctl
+ --unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> or
+ <command>journalctl
+ --user-unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> use
+ a similar filter for messages and might be more
+ convenient.
+ </para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>show [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...|<replaceable>JOB</replaceable>...]</command></term>
+ <term><command>show</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...|<replaceable>JOB</replaceable>...</optional></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show properties of one or more units, jobs, or the
human-readable output.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>cat <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Show backing files of one or more units. Prints the
+ "fragment" and "drop-ins" (source files) of units. Each
+ file is preceded by a comment which includes the file
+ name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><command>set-property <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>ASSIGNMENT</replaceable>...</command></term>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>help <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>help <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Show manual pages for one or more units, if
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>reset-failed [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...]</command></term>
+ <term><command>reset-failed [<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...]</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Reset the <literal>failed</literal> state of the
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-unit-files</command></term>
+ <term><command>list-unit-files <optional><replaceable>PATTERN...</replaceable></optional></command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>List installed unit files.</para>
+ <para>List installed unit files. If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ units whose filename (just the last component of the path)
+ matches one of them are shown.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>Checks whether any of the specified unit files are
- enabled (as with <command>enable</command>). Returns an exit
- code of 0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero
- otherwise. Prints the current enable status. To suppress
- this output, use <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
+ enabled (as with <command>enable</command>). Returns an
+ exit code of 0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero
+ otherwise. Prints the current enable status (see table).
+ To suppress this output, use <option>--quiet</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>
+ <command>is-enabled</command> output
+ </title>
+
+ <tgroup cols='3'>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Printed string</entry>
+ <entry>Meaning</entry>
+ <entry>Return value</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>enabled</literal></entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Enabled through a symlink in <filename>.wants</filename> directory (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>0</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>enabled-runtime</literal></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>linked</literal></entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Made available through a symlink to the unit file (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>1</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>linked-runtime</literal></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>masked</literal></entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Disabled entirely (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>1</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>masked-runtime</literal></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>static</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unit is not enabled, but has no provisions for enabling in [Install] section</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>disabled</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unit is not enabled</entry>
+ <entry>1</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Machine Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-machines <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>List the host and all running local containers with
+ their state. If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ containers matching one of them are shown.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
<refsect2>
<title>Job Commands</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
+ <term><command>list-jobs <optional><replaceable>PATTERN...</replaceable></optional></command></term>
<listitem>
- <para>List jobs that are in progress.</para>
+ <para>List jobs that are in progress. If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ jobs for units matching one of them are shown.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>snapshot [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>]</command></term>
+ <term><command>snapshot <optional><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></optional></command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Create a snapshot. If a snapshot name is specified,
the new snapshot will be named after it. If none is
- specified, an automatic snapshot name is generated. In either
- case, the snapshot name used is printed to STDOUT, unless
- <option>--quiet</option> is specified.</para>
+ specified, an automatic snapshot name is generated. In
+ either case, the snapshot name used is printed to standard
+ output, unless <option>--quiet</option> is specified.
+ </para>
<para>A snapshot refers to a saved state of the systemd
manager. It is implemented itself as a unit that is
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>delete <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>delete <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Remove a snapshot previously created with
specified value.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>import-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import all, one or more environment variables set on
+ the client into the systemd manager environment block. If
+ no arguments are passed, the entire environment block is
+ imported. Otherwise, a list of one or more environment
+ variable names should be passed, whose client-side values
+ are then imported into the manager's environment
+ block.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>switch-root <replaceable>ROOT</replaceable> [<replaceable>INIT</replaceable>]</command></term>
+ <term><command>switch-root <replaceable>ROOT</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>INIT</replaceable></optional></command></term>
<listitem>
<para>Switches to a different root directory and executes a
<refsect2>
<title>Parameter Syntax</title>
- <para>For unit commands the specified
- <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> should be the full name of the
- unit, or an abbreviated name which is automatically extended with
- the <literal>.service</literal> suffix.
- <programlisting># systemctl start foo.service</programlisting> is equivalent to:
- <programlisting># systemctl start foo</programlisting>
- Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically converted to device unit names, and other (absolute) paths to mount unit names.
- <programlisting># systemctl status /dev/sda
-# systemctl status /home</programlisting> is equivalent to:
- <programlisting># systemctl status dev-sda.device
-# systemctl status home.mount</programlisting></para>
-
- <para>For unit file commands the
- specified <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> should be the full name
- of the unit file, or the absolute path to the unit file.
- <programlisting># systemctl link /path/to/foo.service</programlisting>
- </para>
+ <para>Unit ommands listed above take either a single unit name
+ (designated as <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>), or multiple
+ unit specifications (designated as
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...). In the first case, the
+ unit name with or without a suffix must be given. If the suffix
+ is not specified, systemctl will append a suitable suffix,
+ <literal>.service</literal> by default, and a type-specific
+ suffix in case of commands which operate only on specific unit
+ types. For example,
+ <programlisting># systemctl start sshd</programlisting> and
+ <programlisting># systemctl start sshd.service</programlisting>
+ are equivalent, as are
+ <programlisting># systemctl isolate snapshot-11</programlisting>
+ and
+ <programlisting># systemctl isolate snapshot-11.snapshot</programlisting>
+ Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically
+ converted to device unit names, and other (absolute) paths to
+ mount unit names.
+ <programlisting># systemctl status /dev/sda
+# systemctl status /home</programlisting>
+ are equivalent to:
+ <programlisting># systemctl status dev-sda.device
+# systemctl status home.mount</programlisting>
+ In the second case, shell-style globs will be matched against
+ currently loaded units; literal unit names, with or without
+ a suffix, will be treated as in the first case. This means that
+ literal unit names always refer to exactly one unit, but globs
+ may match zero units and this is not considered an error.</para>
+
+ <para>Glob patterns use
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fnmatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ so normal shell-style globbing rules are used, and
+ <literal>*</literal>, <literal>?</literal>,
+ <literal>[]</literal> may be used. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more details. The patterns are matched against the names of
+ currently loaded units, and patterns which do not match anything
+ are silently skipped. For example:
+ <programlisting># systemctl stop sshd@*.service</programlisting>
+ will stop all <filename>sshd@.service</filename> instances.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>For unit file commands, the specified
+ <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> should be the full name of the
+ unit file, or the absolute path to the unit file:
+ <programlisting># systemctl enable foo.service</programlisting>
+ or
+ <programlisting># systemctl link /path/to/foo.service</programlisting>
+ </para>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
code otherwise.</para>
</refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Environment</title>
-
- <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Pager to use when <option>--no-pager</option> is not
- given; overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting this to
- an empty string or the value <literal>cat</literal> is
- equivalent to passing
- <option>--no-pager</option>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
+ <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" />
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff