along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->
-<refentry id="systemctl">
+<refentry id="systemctl"
+ xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refentryinfo>
<title>systemctl</title>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
- <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
- introspect and control the state of the
+ <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to introspect and
+ control the state of the <literal>systemd</literal> system and
+ service manager. Please refer to
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- system and service manager.</para>
+ for an introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this
+ tool manages.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<para>The following options are understood:</para>
<variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-h</option></term>
- <term><option>--help</option></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Prints a short help
- text and exits.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--version</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Prints a short version string and exits.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-t</option></term>
<term><option>--type=</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>The argument should be a comma separated list of unit
+ <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
types such as <option>service</option> and
- <option>socket</option>, or unit load states such as
- <option>loaded</option> and <option>masked</option>
- (types and states can be mixed).</para>
+ <option>socket</option>.
+ </para>
<para>If one of the arguments is a unit type, when listing
- units, limit display to certain unit types. Otherwise units
+ units, limit display to certain unit types. Otherwise, units
of all types will be shown.</para>
- <para>If one of the arguments is a unit load state, when
- listing units, limit display to certain unit
- types. Otherwise units of in all load states will be
- shown.</para>
-
<para>As a special case, if one of the arguments is
<option>help</option>, a list of allowed values will be
printed and the program will exit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--state=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit LOAD,
+ SUB, or ACTIVE states. When listing units, show only those
+ in specified states.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-p</option></term>
<term><option>--property=</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>When showing unit/job/manager properties with the
<command>show</command> command, limit display to certain
- properties as specified as argument. If not specified all
+ properties as specified as argument. If not specified, all
set properties are shown. The argument should be a
- comma-seperated list of property names, such as
- <literal>MainPID</literal>. If specified more than once all
+ comma-separated list of property names, such as
+ <literal>MainPID</literal>. If specified more than once, all
properties with the specified names are shown.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-r</option></term>
+ <term><option>--recursive</option></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>When listing units, also show units of local
+ containers. Units of local containers will be prefixed with
+ the container name, separated by a single colon character
+ (<literal>:</literal>).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--reverse</option></term>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--after</option></term>
- <term><option>--before</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Show which units are started after, resp. before
- with <command>list-dependencies</command>.
- </para>
+ <para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
+ units that are ordered before the specified unit. In other
+ words, list the units that are in the <varname>After=</varname>
+ directive of the specified unit, have the specified unit in
+ their <varname>Before=</varname> directive, or are otherwise
+ implicit dependencies of the specified unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>--failed</option></term>
+ <term><option>--before</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>When listing units, show only failed units. Do not
- confuse with <option>--fail</option>.</para>
+ <para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
+ units that are ordered after the specified unit. In other
+ words, list the units that are in the <varname>Before=</varname>
+ directive of the specified unit, have the specified unit in
+ their <varname>After=</varname> directive, or otherwise depend
+ on the specified unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
+ <term><option>-l</option></term>
<term><option>--full</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Do not ellipsize unit names, cgroup members, and
- truncate unit descriptions in the output of
- <command>list-units</command> and
- <command>list-jobs</command>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--fail</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>If the requested operation conflicts with a pending
- unfinished job, fail the command. If this is not specified
- the requested operation will replace the pending job, if
- necessary. Do not confuse with
- <option>--failed</option>.</para>
+ <para>Do not ellipsize unit names, process tree entries,
+ journal output, or truncate unit descriptions in the output
+ of <command>status</command>, <command>list-units</command>,
+ <command>list-jobs</command>, and
+ <command>list-timers</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>--irreversible</option></term>
+ <term><option>--job-mode=</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Mark this transaction's jobs as irreversible. This prevents
- future conflicting transactions from replacing these jobs.
- The jobs can still be cancelled using the <command>cancel</command>
- command.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <para>When queuing a new job, this option controls how to deal with
+ already queued jobs. It takes one of <literal>fail</literal>,
+ <literal>replace</literal>,
+ <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal>,
+ <literal>isolate</literal>,
+ <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>,
+ <literal>ignore-requirements</literal> or
+ <literal>flush</literal>. Defaults to
+ <literal>replace</literal>, except when the
+ <command>isolate</command> command is used which implies the
+ <literal>isolate</literal> job mode.</para>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--ignore-dependencies</option></term>
+ <para>If <literal>fail</literal> is specified and a requested
+ operation conflicts with a pending job (more specifically:
+ causes an already pending start job to be reversed into a stop
+ job or vice versa), cause the operation to fail.</para>
- <listitem>
- <para>When enqueuing a new job ignore all its dependencies
- and execute it immediately. If passed no required units of
- the unit passed will be pulled in, and no ordering
- dependencies will be honored. This is mostly a debugging and
- rescue tool for the administrator and should not be used by
- applications.</para>
+ <para>If <literal>replace</literal> (the default) is
+ specified, any conflicting pending job will be replaced, as
+ necessary.</para>
+
+ <para>If <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal> is specified,
+ operate like <literal>replace</literal>, but also mark the new
+ jobs as irreversible. This prevents future conflicting
+ transactions from replacing these jobs (or even being enqueued
+ while the irreversible jobs are still pending). Irreversible
+ jobs can still be cancelled using the <command>cancel</command>
+ command.</para>
+
+ <para><literal>isolate</literal> is only valid for start
+ operations and causes all other units to be stopped when the
+ specified unit is started. This mode is always used when the
+ <command>isolate</command> command is used.</para>
+
+ <para><literal>flush</literal> will cause all queued jobs to
+ be canceled when the new job is enqueued.</para>
+
+ <para>If <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal> is specified,
+ then all unit dependencies are ignored for this new job and
+ the operation is executed immediately. If passed, no required
+ units of the unit passed will be pulled in, and no ordering
+ dependencies will be honored. This is mostly a debugging and
+ rescue tool for the administrator and should not be used by
+ applications.</para>
+
+ <para><literal>ignore-requirements</literal> is similar to
+ <literal>ignore-dependencies</literal>, but only causes the
+ requirement dependencies to be ignored, the ordering
+ dependencies will still be honoured.</para>
</listitem>
+
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
sleep state. Any user may take these locks and privileged
users may override these locks. If any locks are taken,
shutdown and sleep state requests will normally fail
- (regardless if privileged or not) and a list of active locks
- is printed. However if <option>--ignore-inhibitors</option>
- is specified the locks are ignored and not printed, and the
+ (regardless of whether privileged or not) and a list of active locks
+ is printed. However, if <option>--ignore-inhibitors</option>
+ is specified, the locks are ignored and not printed, and the
operation attempted anyway, possibly requiring additional
privileges.</para>
</listitem>
<command>snapshot</command>,
<command>is-active</command>,
<command>is-failed</command>,
+ <command>is-enabled</command>,
+ <command>is-system-running</command>,
<command>enable</command> and
<command>disable</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>Do not synchronously wait for the requested operation
- to finish. If this is not specified the job will be
+ to finish. If this is not specified, the job will be
verified, enqueued and <command>systemctl</command> will
- wait until it is completed. By passing this argument it is
+ wait until it is completed. By passing this argument, it is
only verified and enqueued.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-legend</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Do not print a legend, i.e. the column headers and
+ <para>Do not print the legend, i.e. the column headers and
the footer with hints.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-pager</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Do not pipe output into a pager.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--system</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Talk to the systemd system manager. (Default)</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>--user</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Talk to the systemd manager of the calling
- user.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Don't send wall message before halt, power-off,
+ <para>Do not send wall message before halt, power-off,
reboot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
may require input of a password or passphrase string, for
example to unlock system hard disks or cryptographic
certificates. Unless this option is specified and the
- command is invoked from a terminal
+ command is invoked from a terminal,
<command>systemctl</command> will query the user on the
terminal for the necessary secrets. Use this option to
- switch this behavior off. In this case the password must be
+ switch this behavior off. In this case, the password must be
supplied by some other means (for example graphical password
agents) or the service might fail. This also disables
querying the user for authentication for privileged
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which
- processes to kill. Must be one of <option>main</option>,
- <option>control</option> or <option>all</option> to select
- whether to kill only the main process of the unit, the
- control process or all processes of the unit. If omitted
- defaults to <option>all</option>.</para>
+ processes to send a signal to. Must be one of
+ <option>main</option>, <option>control</option> or
+ <option>all</option> to select whether to kill only the main
+ process, the control process or all processes of the
+ unit. The main process of the unit is the one that defines
+ the life-time of it. A control process of a unit is one that
+ is invoked by the manager to induce state changes of it. For
+ example, all processes started due to the
+ <varname>ExecStartPre=</varname>,
+ <varname>ExecStop=</varname> or
+ <varname>ExecReload=</varname> settings of service units are
+ control processes. Note that there is only one control
+ process per unit at a time, as only one state change is
+ executed at a time. For services of type
+ <varname>Type=forking</varname>, the initial process started
+ by the manager for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is a
+ control process, while the process ultimately forked off by
+ that one is then considered the main process of the unit (if
+ it can be determined). This is different for service units
+ of other types, where the process forked off by the manager
+ for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is always the main process
+ itself. A service unit consists of zero or one main process,
+ zero or one control process plus any number of additional
+ processes. Not all unit types manage processes of these
+ types however. For example, for mount units, control processes
+ are defined (which are the invocations of
+ <filename>/usr/bin/mount</filename> and
+ <filename>/usr/bin/umount</filename>), but no main process
+ is defined. If omitted, defaults to
+ <option>all</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>kill</command>, choose which
signal to send to selected processes. Must be one of the
- well known signal specifiers such as SIGTERM, SIGINT or
- SIGSTOP. If omitted defaults to
+ well known signal specifiers such as <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, <constant>SIGINT</constant> or
+ <constant>SIGSTOP</constant>. If omitted, defaults to
<option>SIGTERM</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<para>When used with <command>halt</command>,
<command>poweroff</command>, <command>reboot</command> or
- <command>kexec</command> execute the selected operation
+ <command>kexec</command>, execute the selected operation
without shutting down all units. However, all processes will
be killed forcibly and all file systems are unmounted or
remounted read-only. This is hence a drastic but relatively
safe option to request an immediate reboot. If
<option>--force</option> is specified twice for these
operations, they will be executed immediately without
- terminating any processes or umounting any file
+ terminating any processes or unmounting any file
systems. Warning: specifying <option>--force</option> twice
with any of these operations might result in data
loss.</para>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>,
- <command>disable</command>, <command>is-enabled</command>
+ <command>disable</command>,
(and related commands), make changes only temporarily, so
that they are lost on the next reboot. This will have the
effect that changes are not made in subdirectories of
with identical immediate effects, however, since the latter
is lost on reboot, the changes are lost too.</para>
- <para>Similar, when used with
- <command>set-cgroup-attr</command>,
- <command>unset-cgroup-attr</command>,
- <command>set-cgroup</command> and
- <command>unset-cgroup</command>, make changes only
+ <para>Similarly, when used with
+ <command>set-property</command>, make changes only
temporarily, so that they are lost on the next
reboot.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>-H</option></term>
- <term><option>--host</option></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Execute operation remotely. Specify a hostname, or
- username and hostname separated by @, to connect to. This
- will use SSH to talk to the remote systemd
- instance.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><option>-P</option></term>
- <term><option>--privileged</option></term>
+ <term><option>--preset-mode=</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>Acquire privileges via PolicyKit before executing the
- operation.</para>
+ <para>Takes one of <literal>full</literal> (the default),
+ <literal>enable-only</literal>,
+ <literal>disable-only</literal>. When used with the
+ <command>preset</command> or <command>preset-all</command>
+ commands, controls whether units shall be disabled and
+ enabled according to the preset rules, or only enabled, or
+ only disabled.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>When used with <command>status</command> controls the
+ <para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the
number of journal lines to show, counting from the most
recent ones. Takes a positive integer argument. Defaults to
10.</para>
<term><option>--output=</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>When used with <command>status</command> controls the
+ <para>When used with <command>status</command>, controls the
formatting of the journal entries that are shown. For the
- available choices see
+ available choices, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
Defaults to <literal>short</literal>.</para>
</listitem>
<term><option>--plain</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>When used with <command>list-dependencies</command>
+ <para>When used with <command>list-dependencies</command>,
the output is printed as a list instead of a tree.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="host" />
+ <xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="machine" />
+
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="help" />
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="version" />
+ <xi:include href="standard-options.xml" xpointer="no-pager" />
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<para>The following commands are understood:</para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-units</command></term>
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Unit Commands</title>
- <listitem>
- <para>List known units (subject to limitations specified
- with <option>-t</option>).</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-units <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
- <para>This is the default command.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>List known units (subject to limitations specified
+ with <option>-t</option>). If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ units matching one of them are shown.</para>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-sockets</command></term>
+ <para>This is the default command.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
- <listitem>
- <para>List socket units ordered by the listening address. Produces output
- similar to
- <programlisting>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-sockets <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>List socket units ordered by listening address.
+ If one or more <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are
+ specified, only socket units matching one of them are
+ shown. Produces output similar to
+ <programlisting>
LISTEN UNIT ACTIVATES
/dev/initctl systemd-initctl.socket systemd-initctl.service
...
[::]:22 sshd.socket sshd.service
kobject-uevent 1 systemd-udevd-kernel.socket systemd-udevd.service
-5 sockets listed.
- </programlisting>
- Note: because the addresses might contains spaces, this output
- is not suitable for programatic consumption.
- </para>
-
- <para>See also the options <option>--show-types</option>,
- <option>--all</option>, and <option>--failed</option>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>start <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Start (activate) one or more units specified on the
- command line.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>stop <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the
- command line.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Asks all units listed on the command line to reload
- their configuration. Note that this will reload the
- service-specific configuration, not the unit configuration
- file of systemd. If you want systemd to reload the
- configuration file of a unit use the
- <command>daemon-reload</command> command. In other words:
- for the example case of Apache, this will reload Apache's
- <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the web server, not the
- <filename>apache.service</filename> systemd unit
- file. </para>
-
- <para>This command should not be confused with the
- <command>daemon-reload</command> or <command>load</command>
- commands.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
- line. If the units are not running yet they will be
- started.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>try-restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
- line if the units are running. Do nothing if units are not
- running. Note that for compatibility with Red Hat init
- scripts <command>condrestart</command> is equivalent to this
- command.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload-or-restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
- restart them instead. If the units are not running yet they
- will be started.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reload-or-try-restart <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
- restart them instead. Do nothing if the units are not
- running. Note that for compatibility with SysV init scripts
- <command>force-reload</command> is equivalent to this
- command.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>isolate <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Start the unit specified on the command line and its
- dependencies and stop all others.</para>
-
- <para>This is similar to changing the runlevel in a
- traditional init system. The <command>isolate</command>
- command will immediately stop processes that are not enabled
- in the new unit, possibly including the graphical
- environment or terminal you are currently using.</para>
-
- <para>Note that this is allowed only on units where
- <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is enabled. See
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for details.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>kill <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the
- unit. Use <option>--kill-who=</option> to select which
- process to kill. Use <option>--kill-mode=</option> to select
- the kill mode and <option>--signal=</option> to select the
- signal to send.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>is-active <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Check whether any of the specified units are active
- (i.e. running). Returns an exit code 0 if at least one is
- active, non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option>
- is specified this will also print the current unit state to
- STDOUT.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>is-failed <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Check whether any of the specified units are failed.
- Returns an exit code 0 if at least one is failed, non-zero
- otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is specified this
- will also print the current unit state to
- STDOUT.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>status [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Show terse runtime status information about one or
- more units, followed by most recent log data from the
- journal. If no units are specified, show all units (subject
- to limitations specified with <option>-t</option>). If a PID
- is passed show information about the unit the process
- belongs to.</para>
-
- <para>This function is intended to generate human-readable
- output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output, use
- <command>show</command> instead.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>show [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...|<replaceable>JOB</replaceable>...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Show properties of one or more units, jobs, or the
- manager itself. If no argument is specified properties of
- the manager will be shown. If a unit name is specified
- properties of the unit is shown, and if a job id is
- specified properties of the job is shown. By default, empty
- properties are suppressed. Use <option>--all</option> to
- show those too. To select specific properties to show use
- <option>--property=</option>. This command is intended to be
- used whenever computer-parsable output is required. Use
- <command>status</command> if you are looking for formatted
- human-readable output.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>get-cgroup-attr <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>ATTRIBUTE</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Retrieve the specified control group attributes of the
- specified unit. Takes a unit name and one or more attribute
- names such as <literal>cpu.shares</literal>. This will
- output the current values of the specified attributes,
- separated by new-lines. For attributes that take list of
- items the output will be new-line separated, too. This
- operation will always try to retrieve the data in question
- from the kernel first, and if that is not available use the
- configured values instead. Instead of low-level control
- group attribute names high-level pretty names may be used,
- as used for unit execution environment configuration, see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for details. For example, passing
- <literal>memory.limit_in_bytes</literal> and
- <literal>MemoryLimit</literal> is equivalent.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>set-cgroup-attr <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>ATTRIBUTE</replaceable> <replaceable>VALUE</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Set the specified control group attribute of the
- specified unit to the specified value. Takes a unit
- name and an attribute name such as
- <literal>cpu.shares</literal>, plus one or more values
- (multiple values may only be used for attributes that take
- multiple values). This operation will immediately update the
- kernel attribute for this unit and persistently store this
- setting for later reboots (unless <option>--runtime</option>
- is passed, in which case the setting is not saved
- persistently and only valid until the next reboot.) Instead
- of low-level control group attribute names high-level pretty
- names may be used, as used for unit execution environment
- configuration, see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- for details. For example, passing
- <literal>memory.limit_in_bytes</literal> and
- <literal>MemoryLimit</literal> is equivalent. This operation
- will implicitly create a control group for the unit in the
- controller the attribute belongs to, if needed. For
- attributes that take multiple values, this operation will
- append the specified values to the previously set values
- list (use <command>unset-cgroup-attr</command> to reset the
- list explicitly). For attributes that take a single value
- only the list will be reset implicitly.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>unset-cgroup-attr <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>ATTRIBUTE</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Unset the specified control group attributes
- of the specified unit. Takes a unit name and one or more
- attribut names such as <literal>cpu.shares</literal>. This
- operation might or might not have an immediate effect on the
- current kernel attribute value. This will remove any
- persistently stored configuration values for this attribute
- (as set with <command>set-cgroup-attr</command> before),
- unless <option>--runtime</option> is passed, in which case the
- configuration is reset only until the next reboot. Again,
- high-level control group attributes may be used instead of the
- low-level kernel ones. For attributes which take multiple
- values, all currently set values are reset.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>set-cgroup <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>CGROUP</replaceable>...</command></term>
- <term><command>unset-cgroup <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>CGROUP</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem><para>Add or remove a unit to/from a specific
- control group hierarchy and/or control group path. Takes a
- unit name, plus a control group specification in the syntax
- <replaceable>CONTROLLER</replaceable>:<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>
- or <replaceable>CONTROLLER</replaceable>. In the latter syntax
- (where the path is omitted) the default unit control group
- path is implied. Examples: <literal>cpu</literal> or
- <literal>cpu:/foo/bar</literal>. If a unit is removed from a
- control group hierarchy all its processes will be moved to the
- root group of the hierarchy and all control group attributes
- will be reset. These operations are immediately reflected in
- the kernel hierarchy, and stored persistently to disk (unless
- <option>--runtime</option> is passed).</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>help <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Show manual pages for one or more units, if
- available. If a PID is passed the manual pages for the unit
- the process of the PID belongs to is
- shown.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reset-failed [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...]</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Reset the <literal>failed</literal> state of the
- specified units, or if no unit name is passed of all
- units. When a unit fails in some way (i.e. process exiting
- with non-zero error code, terminating abnormally or timing
- out) it will automatically enter the
- <literal>failed</literal> state and its exit code and status
- is recorded for introspection by the administrator until the
- service is restarted or reset with this command.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-unit-files</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>List installed unit files.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>enable <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Enable one or more unit files or unit file instances,
- as specified on the command line. This will create a number
- of symlinks as encoded in the <literal>[Install]</literal>
- sections of the unit files. After the symlinks have been
- created the systemd configuration is reloaded (in a way that
- is equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>) to ensure
- the changes are taken into account immediately. Note that
- this does not have the effect that any of the units enabled
- are also started at the same time. If this is desired a
- separate <command>start</command> command must be invoked
- for the unit. Also note that in case of instance enablement,
- symlinks named same as instances are created in install
- location, however they all point to the same template unit
- file.</para>
-
- <para>This command will print the actions executed. This
- output may be suppressed by passing <option>--quiet</option>.
- </para>
-
- <para>Note that this operation creates only the suggested
- symlinks for the units. While this command is the
- recommended way to manipulate the unit configuration
- directory, the administrator is free to make additional
- changes manually, by placing or removing symlinks in the
- directory. This is particularly useful to create
- configurations that deviate from the suggested default
- installation. In this case the administrator must make sure
- to invoke <command>daemon-reload</command> manually as
- necessary, to ensure his changes are taken into account.
- </para>
-
- <para>Enabling units should not be confused with starting
- (activating) units, as done by the <command>start</command>
- command. Enabling and starting units is orthogonal: units
- may be enabled without being started and started without
- being enabled. Enabling simply hooks the unit into various
- suggested places (for example, so that the unit is
- automatically started on boot or when a particular kind of
- hardware is plugged in). Starting actually spawns the daemon
- process (in case of service units), or binds the socket (in
- case of socket units), and so on.</para>
-
- <para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option>,
- <option>--user</option> or <option>--global</option> is
- specified this enables the unit for the system, for the
- calling user only or for all future logins of all
- users. Note that in the last case no systemd daemon
- configuration is reloaded.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>disable <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Disables one or more units. This removes all symlinks
- to the specified unit files from the unit configuration
- directory, and hence undoes the changes made by
- <command>enable</command>. Note however that this removes
- all symlinks to the unit files (i.e. including manual
- additions), not just those actually created by
- <command>enable</command>. This call implicitly reloads the
- systemd daemon configuration after completing the disabling
- of the units. Note that this command does not implicitly
- stop the units that are being disabled. If this is desired
- an additional <command>stop</command> command should be
- executed afterwards.</para>
-
- <para>This command will print the actions executed. This
- output may be suppressed by passing <option>--quiet</option>.
- </para>
-
- <para>This command honors <option>--system</option>,
- <option>--user</option>, <option>--global</option> in a
- similar way as <command>enable</command>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>is-enabled <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Checks whether any of the specified unit files are
- enabled (as with <command>enable</command>). Returns an exit
- code of 0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero
- otherwise. Prints the current enable status. To suppress
- this output use <option>--quiet</option>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reenable <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Reenable one or more unit files, as specified on the
- command line. This is a combination of
- <command>disable</command> and <command>enable</command> and
- is useful to reset the symlinks a unit is enabled with to
- the defaults configured in the <literal>[Install]</literal>
- section of the unit file.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>preset <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Reset one or more unit files, as specified on the
- command line, to the defaults configured in the preset
- policy files. This has the same effect as
- <command>disable</command> or <command>enable</command>,
- depending how the unit is listed in the preset files. For
- more information on preset policy format see
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
- For more information on the concept of presets please
- consult the
- <ulink url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
- document.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>mask <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Mask one or more unit files, as specified on the
- command line. This will link these units to
- <filename>/dev/null</filename>, making it impossible to
- start them. This is a stronger version of
- <command>disable</command>, since it prohibits all kinds of
- activation of the unit, including manual activation. Use
- this option with care.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>unmask <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Unmask one or more unit files, as specified on the
- command line. This will undo the effect of
- <command>mask</command>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>link <replaceable>FILENAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Link a unit file that is not in the unit file search
- paths into the unit file search path. This requires an
- absolute path to a unit file. The effect of this can be
- undone with <command>disable</command>. The effect of this
- command is that a unit file is available for
- <command>start</command> and other commands although it
- isn't installed directly in the unit search path.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
-
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>load <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Load one or more units specified on the command
- line. This will simply load their configuration from disk,
- but not start them. To start them you need to use the
- <command>start</command> command which will implicitly load
- a unit that has not been loaded yet. Note that systemd
- garbage collects loaded units that are not active or
- referenced by an active unit. This means that units loaded
- this way will usually not stay loaded for long. Also note
- that this command cannot be used to reload unit
- configuration. Use the <command>daemon-reload</command>
- command for that. All in all, this command is of little use
- except for debugging.</para>
-
- <para>This command should not be confused with the
- <command>daemon-reload</command> or
- <command>reload</command>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-jobs</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>List jobs that are in progress.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>cancel <replaceable>JOB</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Cancel one or more jobs specified on the command line
- by their numeric job IDs. If no job id is specified, cancel
- all pending jobs.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>dump</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Dump server status. This will output a (usually very
- long) human readable manager status dump. Its format is
- subject to change without notice and should not be parsed by
- applications.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-dependencies <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Shows required and wanted units of the specified
- unit. If no unit is specified
- <filename>default.target</filename> is implied. Target units
- are recursively expanded. When <option>--all</option> is
- passed all other units are recursively expanded as
- well.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>snapshot [<replaceable>NAME</replaceable>]</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Create a snapshot. If a snapshot name is specified,
- the new snapshot will be named after it. If none is
- specified an automatic snapshot name is generated. In either
- case, the snapshot name used is printed to STDOUT, unless
- <option>--quiet</option> is specified.</para>
-
- <para>A snapshot refers to a saved state of the systemd
- manager. It is implemented itself as a unit that is
- generated dynamically with this command and has dependencies
- on all units active at the time. At a later time the user
- may return to this state by using the
- <command>isolate</command> command on the snapshot unit.
- </para>
-
- <para>Snapshots are only useful for saving and restoring
- which units are running or are stopped, they do not
- save/restore any other state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
- on reboot.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>delete <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Remove a snapshot previously created with
- <command>snapshot</command>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Reload systemd manager configuration. This will reload
- all unit files and recreate the entire dependency
- tree. While the daemon is reloaded, all sockets systemd
- listens on on behalf of user configuration will stay
- accessible.</para> <para>This command should not be confused
- with the <command>load</command> or
- <command>reload</command> commands.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Reexecute the systemd manager. This will serialize the
- manager state, reexecute the process and deserialize the
- state again. This command is of little use except for
- debugging and package upgrades. Sometimes it might be
- helpful as a heavy-weight <command>daemon-reload</command>.
- While the daemon is reexecuted all sockets systemd listens
- on on behalf of user configuration will stay accessible.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>show-environment</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Dump the systemd manager environment block. The
- environment block will be dumped in straight-forward form
- suitable for sourcing into a shell script. This environment
- block will be passed to all processes the manager
- spawns.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>set-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE=VALUE</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Set one or more systemd manager environment variables,
- as specified on the command line.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>unset-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>...</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Unset one or more systemd manager environment
- variables. If only a variable name is specified it will be
- removed regardless of its value. If a variable and a value
- are specified the variable is only removed if it has the
- specified value.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>default</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Enter default mode. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>isolate default.target</command>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>rescue</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Enter rescue mode. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>isolate rescue.target</command> but also prints a
- wall message to all users.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>emergency</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Enter emergency mode. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>isolate emergency.target</command> but also prints
- a wall message to all users.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>halt</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Shut down and halt the system. This is mostly equivalent to
- <command>start halt.target --irreversible</command> but also
- prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
- <option>--force</option> shutdown of all running services is
- skipped, however all processes are killed and all file
- systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately
- followed by the system halt. If <option>--force</option> is
- specified twice the operation is immediately executed
- without terminating any processes or unmounting any file
- systems. This may result in data loss.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Shut down and power-off the system. This is mostly
- equivalent to <command>start poweroff.target --irreversible</command>
- but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
- <option>--force</option> shutdown of all running services is
- skipped, however all processes are killed and all file
- systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately
- followed by the powering off. If <option>--force</option> is
- specified twice the operation is immediately executed
- without terminating any processes or unmounting any file
- systems. This may result in data loss.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>reboot</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Shut down and reboot the system. This is mostly
- equivalent to <command>start reboot.target --irreversible</command>
- but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
- <option>--force</option> shutdown of all running services is
- skipped, however all processes are killed and all file
- systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately
- followed by the reboot. If <option>--force</option> is
- specified twice the operation is immediately executed
- without terminating any processes or unmounting any file
- systems. This may result in data loss.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>kexec</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Shut down and reboot the system via kexec. This is
- mostly equivalent to <command>start kexec.target --irreversible</command>
- but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined
- with <option>--force</option> shutdown of all running
- services is skipped, however all processes are killed and
- all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only,
- immediately followed by the reboot.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>exit</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Ask the systemd manager to quit. This is only
- supported for user service managers (i.e. in conjunction
- with the <option>--user</option> option) and will fail
- otherwise.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>suspend</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Suspend the system. This will trigger activation of
- the special <filename>suspend.target</filename> target.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>hibernate</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Hibernate the system. This will trigger activation of
- the special <filename>hibernate.target</filename> target.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>hybrid-sleep</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Hibernate and suspend the system. This will trigger
- activation of the special
- <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename> target.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><command>switch-root <replaceable>ROOT</replaceable> [<replaceable>INIT</replaceable>]</command></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Switches to a different root directory and executes a
- new system manager process below it. This is intended for
- usage in initial RAM disks ("initrd"), and will transition
- from the initrd's system manager process (a.k.a "init"
- process) to the main system manager process. Takes two
- arguments: the directory to make the new root directory, and
- the path to the new system manager binary below it to
- execute as PID 1. If the latter is omitted or the empty
- string, a systemd binary will automatically be searched for
- and used as init. If the system manager path is omitted or
- equal to the empty string the state of the initrd's system
- manager process is passed to the main system manager, which
- allows later introspection of the state of the services
- involved in the initrd boot.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
+5 sockets listed.</programlisting>
+ Note: because the addresses might contains spaces, this output
+ is not suitable for programmatic consumption.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See also the options <option>--show-types</option>,
+ <option>--all</option>, and <option>--failed</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-timers <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>List timer units ordered by the time they elapse
+ next. If one or more <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s
+ are specified, only units matching one of them are shown.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>See also the options <option>--all</option> and
+ <option>--failed</option>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>start <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Start (activate) one or more units specified on the
+ command line.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that glob patterns operate on a list of currently
+ loaded units. Units which are not active and are not in a
+ failed state usually are not loaded, and would not be
+ matched by any pattern. In addition, in case of
+ instantiated units, systemd is often unaware of the
+ instance name until the instance has been started. Therefore,
+ using glob patterns with <command>start</command>
+ has limited usefulness.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>stop <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Stop (deactivate) one or more units specified on the
+ command line.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reload <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Asks all units listed on the command line to reload
+ their configuration. Note that this will reload the
+ service-specific configuration, not the unit configuration
+ file of systemd. If you want systemd to reload the
+ configuration file of a unit, use the
+ <command>daemon-reload</command> command. In other words:
+ for the example case of Apache, this will reload Apache's
+ <filename>httpd.conf</filename> in the web server, not the
+ <filename>apache.service</filename> systemd unit
+ file.</para>
+
+ <para>This command should not be confused with the
+ <command>daemon-reload</command> command.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
+ line. If the units are not running yet, they will be
+ started.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>try-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Restart one or more units specified on the command
+ line if the units are running. This does nothing if units are not
+ running. Note that, for compatibility with Red Hat init
+ scripts, <command>condrestart</command> is equivalent to this
+ command.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reload-or-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
+ restart them instead. If the units are not running yet, they
+ will be started.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reload-or-try-restart <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reload one or more units if they support it. If not,
+ restart them instead. This does nothing if the units are not
+ running. Note that, for compatibility with SysV init scripts,
+ <command>force-reload</command> is equivalent to this
+ command.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>isolate <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Start the unit specified on the command line and its
+ dependencies and stop all others.</para>
+
+ <para>This is similar to changing the runlevel in a
+ traditional init system. The <command>isolate</command>
+ command will immediately stop processes that are not enabled
+ in the new unit, possibly including the graphical
+ environment or terminal you are currently using.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that this is allowed only on units where
+ <option>AllowIsolate=</option> is enabled. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for details.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>kill <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Send a signal to one or more processes of the
+ unit. Use <option>--kill-who=</option> to select which
+ process to kill. Use <option>--signal=</option> to select
+ the signal to send.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>is-active <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Check whether any of the specified units are active
+ (i.e. running). Returns an exit code
+ <constant>0</constant> if at least one is active, or
+ non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
+ specified, this will also print the current unit state to
+ standard output.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>is-failed <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Check whether any of the specified units are in a
+ "failed" state. Returns an exit code
+ <constant>0</constant> if at least one has failed,
+ non-zero otherwise. Unless <option>--quiet</option> is
+ specified, this will also print the current unit state to
+ standard output.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>status</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...]</optional></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Show terse runtime status information about one or
+ more units, followed by most recent log data from the
+ journal. If no units are specified, show system status. If
+ combined with <option>--all</option>, also show the status of
+ all units (subject to limitations specified with
+ <option>-t</option>). If a PID is passed, show information
+ about the unit the process belongs to.</para>
+
+ <para>This function is intended to generate human-readable
+ output. If you are looking for computer-parsable output,
+ use <command>show</command> instead. By default this
+ function only shows 10 lines of output and ellipsizes
+ lines to fit in the terminal window. This can be changes
+ with <option>--lines</option> and <option>--full</option>,
+ see above. In addition, <command>journalctl
+ --unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> or
+ <command>journalctl
+ --user-unit=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command> use
+ a similar filter for messages and might be more
+ convenient.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>show</command> <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...|<replaceable>JOB</replaceable>...</optional></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Show properties of one or more units, jobs, or the
+ manager itself. If no argument is specified, properties of
+ the manager will be shown. If a unit name is specified,
+ properties of the unit is shown, and if a job id is
+ specified, properties of the job is shown. By default, empty
+ properties are suppressed. Use <option>--all</option> to
+ show those too. To select specific properties to show, use
+ <option>--property=</option>. This command is intended to be
+ used whenever computer-parsable output is required. Use
+ <command>status</command> if you are looking for formatted
+ human-readable output.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>cat <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Show backing files of one or more units. Prints the
+ "fragment" and "drop-ins" (source files) of units. Each
+ file is preceded by a comment which includes the file
+ name.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-property <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> <replaceable>ASSIGNMENT</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set the specified unit properties at runtime where
+ this is supported. This allows changing configuration
+ parameter properties such as resource control settings at
+ runtime. Not all properties may be changed at runtime, but
+ many resource control settings (primarily those in
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
+ may. The changes are applied instantly, and stored on disk
+ for future boots, unless <option>--runtime</option> is
+ passed, in which case the settings only apply until the
+ next reboot. The syntax of the property assignment follows
+ closely the syntax of assignments in unit files.</para>
+
+ <para>Example: <command>systemctl set-property foobar.service CPUShares=777</command></para>
+
+ <para>Note that this command allows changing multiple
+ properties at the same time, which is preferable over
+ setting them individually. Like unit file configuration
+ settings, assigning the empty list to list parameters will
+ reset the list.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>help <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...|<replaceable>PID</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Show manual pages for one or more units, if
+ available. If a PID is given, the manual pages for the unit
+ the process belongs to are shown.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reset-failed [<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...]</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reset the <literal>failed</literal> state of the
+ specified units, or if no unit name is passed, reset the state of all
+ units. When a unit fails in some way (i.e. process exiting
+ with non-zero error code, terminating abnormally or timing
+ out), it will automatically enter the
+ <literal>failed</literal> state and its exit code and status
+ is recorded for introspection by the administrator until the
+ service is restarted or reset with this command.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-dependencies <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Shows required and wanted units of the specified
+ unit. If no unit is specified,
+ <filename>default.target</filename> is implied. Target units
+ are recursively expanded. When <option>--all</option> is
+ passed, all other units are recursively expanded as
+ well.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Unit File Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-unit-files <optional><replaceable>PATTERN...</replaceable></optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>List installed unit files. If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ units whose filename (just the last component of the path)
+ matches one of them are shown.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>enable <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enable one or more unit files or unit file instances,
+ as specified on the command line. This will create a number
+ of symlinks as encoded in the <literal>[Install]</literal>
+ sections of the unit files. After the symlinks have been
+ created, the systemd configuration is reloaded (in a way that
+ is equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>) to ensure
+ the changes are taken into account immediately. Note that
+ this does <emphasis>not</emphasis> have the effect of also
+ starting any of the units being enabled. If this
+ is desired, a separate <command>start</command> command must
+ be invoked for the unit. Also note that in case of instance
+ enablement, symlinks named the same as instances are created in
+ the install location, however they all point to the same
+ template unit file.</para>
+
+ <para>This command will print the actions executed. This
+ output may be suppressed by passing <option>--quiet</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Note that this operation creates only the suggested
+ symlinks for the units. While this command is the
+ recommended way to manipulate the unit configuration
+ directory, the administrator is free to make additional
+ changes manually by placing or removing symlinks in the
+ directory. This is particularly useful to create
+ configurations that deviate from the suggested default
+ installation. In this case, the administrator must make sure
+ to invoke <command>daemon-reload</command> manually as
+ necessary to ensure the changes are taken into account.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Enabling units should not be confused with starting
+ (activating) units, as done by the <command>start</command>
+ command. Enabling and starting units is orthogonal: units
+ may be enabled without being started and started without
+ being enabled. Enabling simply hooks the unit into various
+ suggested places (for example, so that the unit is
+ automatically started on boot or when a particular kind of
+ hardware is plugged in). Starting actually spawns the daemon
+ process (in case of service units), or binds the socket (in
+ case of socket units), and so on.</para>
+
+ <para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option>,
+ <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option>,
+ or <option>--global</option> is specified, this enables the unit
+ for the system, for the calling user only, for only this boot of
+ the system, or for all future logins of all users, or only this
+ boot. Note that in the last case, no systemd daemon
+ configuration is reloaded.</para>
+
+ <para>Using <command>enable</command> on masked units
+ results in an error.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>disable <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Disables one or more units. This removes all symlinks
+ to the specified unit files from the unit configuration
+ directory, and hence undoes the changes made by
+ <command>enable</command>. Note however that this removes
+ all symlinks to the unit files (i.e. including manual
+ additions), not just those actually created by
+ <command>enable</command>. This call implicitly reloads the
+ systemd daemon configuration after completing the disabling
+ of the units. Note that this command does not implicitly
+ stop the units that are being disabled. If this is desired,
+ an additional <command>stop</command> command should be
+ executed afterwards.</para>
+
+ <para>This command will print the actions executed. This
+ output may be suppressed by passing <option>--quiet</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>This command honors <option>--system</option>,
+ <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option> and
+ <option>--global</option> in a similar way as
+ <command>enable</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>is-enabled <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Checks whether any of the specified unit files are
+ enabled (as with <command>enable</command>). Returns an
+ exit code of 0 if at least one is enabled, non-zero
+ otherwise. Prints the current enable status (see table).
+ To suppress this output, use <option>--quiet</option>.
+ </para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>
+ <command>is-enabled</command> output
+ </title>
+
+ <tgroup cols='3'>
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Printed string</entry>
+ <entry>Meaning</entry>
+ <entry>Return value</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>enabled</literal></entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Enabled through a symlink in <filename>.wants</filename> directory (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>0</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>enabled-runtime</literal></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>linked</literal></entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Made available through a symlink to the unit file (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>1</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>linked-runtime</literal></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>masked</literal></entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Disabled entirely (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>1</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>masked-runtime</literal></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>static</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unit is not enabled, but has no provisions for enabling in [Install] section</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>disabled</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unit is not enabled</entry>
+ <entry>1</entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reenable <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reenable one or more unit files, as specified on the
+ command line. This is a combination of
+ <command>disable</command> and <command>enable</command> and
+ is useful to reset the symlinks a unit is enabled with to
+ the defaults configured in the <literal>[Install]</literal>
+ section of the unit file.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>preset <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reset one or more unit files, as specified on the
+ command line, to the defaults configured in the preset
+ policy files. This has the same effect as
+ <command>disable</command> or <command>enable</command>,
+ depending how the unit is listed in the preset files.</para>
+
+ <para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control
+ whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only
+ enabled, or only disabled.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information on the preset policy format,
+ see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ For more information on the concept of presets, please
+ consult the <ulink
+ url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
+ document.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>preset-all</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Resets all installed unit files to the defaults
+ configured in the preset policy file (see above).</para>
+
+ <para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control
+ whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only
+ enabled, or only disabled.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>mask <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Mask one or more unit files, as specified on the
+ command line. This will link these units to
+ <filename>/dev/null</filename>, making it impossible to
+ start them. This is a stronger version of
+ <command>disable</command>, since it prohibits all kinds of
+ activation of the unit, including enablement and manual
+ activation. Use this option with care. This honors the
+ <option>--runtime</option> option to only mask temporarily
+ until the next reboot of the system.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>unmask <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Unmask one or more unit files, as specified on the
+ command line. This will undo the effect of
+ <command>mask</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>add-wants <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
+ <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>add-requires <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
+ <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Adds <literal>Wants=</literal> resp. <literal>Requires=</literal>
+ dependency to the specified <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> for
+ one or more units. </para>
+
+ <para>This command honors <option>--system</option>,
+ <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option> and
+ <option>--global</option> in a similar way as
+ <command>enable</command>.</para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>link <replaceable>FILENAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Link a unit file that is not in the unit file search
+ paths into the unit file search path. This requires an
+ absolute path to a unit file. The effect of this can be
+ undone with <command>disable</command>. The effect of this
+ command is that a unit file is available for
+ <command>start</command> and other commands although it
+ is not installed directly in the unit search path.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>get-default</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Get the default target specified
+ via <filename>default.target</filename> link.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-default <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set the default target to boot into. Command links
+ <filename>default.target</filename> to the given unit.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Machine Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-machines <optional><replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>List the host and all running local containers with
+ their state. If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ containers matching one of them are shown.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Job Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>list-jobs <optional><replaceable>PATTERN...</replaceable></optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>List jobs that are in progress. If one or more
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>s are specified, only
+ jobs for units matching one of them are shown.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>cancel <replaceable>JOB</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Cancel one or more jobs specified on the command line
+ by their numeric job IDs. If no job ID is specified, cancel
+ all pending jobs.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Snapshot Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>snapshot <optional><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Create a snapshot. If a snapshot name is specified,
+ the new snapshot will be named after it. If none is
+ specified, an automatic snapshot name is generated. In
+ either case, the snapshot name used is printed to standard
+ output, unless <option>--quiet</option> is specified.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>A snapshot refers to a saved state of the systemd
+ manager. It is implemented itself as a unit that is
+ generated dynamically with this command and has dependencies
+ on all units active at the time. At a later time, the user
+ may return to this state by using the
+ <command>isolate</command> command on the snapshot unit.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Snapshots are only useful for saving and restoring
+ which units are running or are stopped, they do not
+ save/restore any other state. Snapshots are dynamic and lost
+ on reboot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>delete <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Remove a snapshot previously created with
+ <command>snapshot</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Environment Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>show-environment</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Dump the systemd manager environment block. The
+ environment block will be dumped in straight-forward form
+ suitable for sourcing into a shell script. This environment
+ block will be passed to all processes the manager
+ spawns.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>set-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE=VALUE</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Set one or more systemd manager environment variables,
+ as specified on the command line.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>unset-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Unset one or more systemd manager environment
+ variables. If only a variable name is specified, it will be
+ removed regardless of its value. If a variable and a value
+ are specified, the variable is only removed if it has the
+ specified value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>import-environment <replaceable>VARIABLE</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Import all, one or more environment variables set on
+ the client into the systemd manager environment block. If
+ no arguments are passed, the entire environment block is
+ imported. Otherwise, a list of one or more environment
+ variable names should be passed, whose client-side values
+ are then imported into the manager's environment
+ block.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Manager Lifecycle Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>daemon-reload</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reload systemd manager configuration. This will reload
+ all unit files and recreate the entire dependency
+ tree. While the daemon is being reloaded, all sockets systemd
+ listens on behalf of user configuration will stay
+ accessible.</para> <para>This command should not be confused
+ with the <command>reload</command> command.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>daemon-reexec</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Reexecute the systemd manager. This will serialize the
+ manager state, reexecute the process and deserialize the
+ state again. This command is of little use except for
+ debugging and package upgrades. Sometimes, it might be
+ helpful as a heavy-weight <command>daemon-reload</command>.
+ While the daemon is being reexecuted, all sockets systemd listening
+ on behalf of user configuration will stay accessible.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>System Commands</title>
+
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>is-system-running</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Checks whether the system is running. This returns
+ success when the system is fully up and running, meaning
+ not in startup, shutdown or maintenance mode. Failure is
+ returned otherwise. In addition, the current state is
+ printed in a short string to standard output. Use
+ <option>--quiet</option> to suppress output of this state
+ string.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>default</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter default mode. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>isolate default.target</command>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>rescue</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter rescue mode. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>isolate rescue.target</command>, but also prints a
+ wall message to all users.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>emergency</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Enter emergency mode. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>isolate emergency.target</command>, but also prints
+ a wall message to all users.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>halt</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Shut down and halt the system. This is mostly equivalent to
+ <command>start halt.target --irreversible</command>, but also
+ prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
+ <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is
+ skipped, however all processes are killed and all file
+ systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately
+ followed by the system halt. If <option>--force</option> is
+ specified twice, the operation is immediately executed
+ without terminating any processes or unmounting any file
+ systems. This may result in data loss.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>poweroff</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Shut down and power-off the system. This is mostly
+ equivalent to <command>start poweroff.target --irreversible</command>,
+ but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
+ <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is
+ skipped, however all processes are killed and all file
+ systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately
+ followed by the powering off. If <option>--force</option> is
+ specified twice, the operation is immediately executed
+ without terminating any processes or unmounting any file
+ systems. This may result in data loss.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>reboot <optional><replaceable>arg</replaceable></optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Shut down and reboot the system. This is mostly
+ equivalent to <command>start reboot.target --irreversible</command>,
+ but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined with
+ <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running services is
+ skipped, however all processes are killed and all file
+ systems are unmounted or mounted read-only, immediately
+ followed by the reboot. If <option>--force</option> is
+ specified twice, the operation is immediately executed
+ without terminating any processes or unmounting any file
+ systems. This may result in data loss.</para>
+
+ <para>If the optional argument
+ <replaceable>arg</replaceable> is given, it will be passed
+ as the optional argument to the
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>reboot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ system call. The value is architecture and firmware
+ specific. As an example, <literal>recovery</literal> might
+ be used to trigger system recovery, and
+ <literal>fota</literal> might be used to trigger a
+ <quote>firmware over the air</quote> update.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>kexec</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Shut down and reboot the system via kexec. This is
+ mostly equivalent to <command>start kexec.target --irreversible</command>,
+ but also prints a wall message to all users. If combined
+ with <option>--force</option>, shutdown of all running
+ services is skipped, however all processes are killed and
+ all file systems are unmounted or mounted read-only,
+ immediately followed by the reboot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>exit</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Ask the systemd manager to quit. This is only
+ supported for user service managers (i.e. in conjunction
+ with the <option>--user</option> option) and will fail
+ otherwise.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>suspend</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Suspend the system. This will trigger activation of
+ the special <filename>suspend.target</filename> target.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>hibernate</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Hibernate the system. This will trigger activation of
+ the special <filename>hibernate.target</filename> target.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>hybrid-sleep</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Hibernate and suspend the system. This will trigger
+ activation of the special
+ <filename>hybrid-sleep.target</filename> target.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>switch-root <replaceable>ROOT</replaceable> <optional><replaceable>INIT</replaceable></optional></command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Switches to a different root directory and executes a
+ new system manager process below it. This is intended for
+ usage in initial RAM disks ("initrd"), and will transition
+ from the initrd's system manager process (a.k.a "init"
+ process) to the main system manager process. This call takes two
+ arguments: the directory that is to become the new root directory, and
+ the path to the new system manager binary below it to
+ execute as PID 1. If the latter is omitted or the empty
+ string, a systemd binary will automatically be searched for
+ and used as init. If the system manager path is omitted or
+ equal to the empty string, the state of the initrd's system
+ manager process is passed to the main system manager, which
+ allows later introspection of the state of the services
+ involved in the initrd boot.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect2>
+
+ <refsect2>
+ <title>Parameter Syntax</title>
+
+ <para>Unit commands listed above take either a single unit name
+ (designated as <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>), or multiple
+ unit specifications (designated as
+ <replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...). In the first case, the
+ unit name with or without a suffix must be given. If the suffix
+ is not specified, systemctl will append a suitable suffix,
+ <literal>.service</literal> by default, and a type-specific
+ suffix in case of commands which operate only on specific unit
+ types. For example,
+ <programlisting># systemctl start sshd</programlisting> and
+ <programlisting># systemctl start sshd.service</programlisting>
+ are equivalent, as are
+ <programlisting># systemctl isolate snapshot-11</programlisting>
+ and
+ <programlisting># systemctl isolate snapshot-11.snapshot</programlisting>
+ Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically
+ converted to device unit names, and other (absolute) paths to
+ mount unit names.
+ <programlisting># systemctl status /dev/sda
+# systemctl status /home</programlisting>
+ are equivalent to:
+ <programlisting># systemctl status dev-sda.device
+# systemctl status home.mount</programlisting>
+ In the second case, shell-style globs will be matched against
+ currently loaded units; literal unit names, with or without
+ a suffix, will be treated as in the first case. This means that
+ literal unit names always refer to exactly one unit, but globs
+ may match zero units and this is not considered an error.</para>
+
+ <para>Glob patterns use
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>fnmatch</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ so normal shell-style globbing rules are used, and
+ <literal>*</literal>, <literal>?</literal>,
+ <literal>[]</literal> may be used. See
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ for more details. The patterns are matched against the names of
+ currently loaded units, and patterns which do not match anything
+ are silently skipped. For example:
+ <programlisting># systemctl stop sshd@*.service</programlisting>
+ will stop all <filename>sshd@.service</filename> instances.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>For unit file commands, the specified
+ <replaceable>NAME</replaceable> should be the full name of the
+ unit file, or the absolute path to the unit file:
+ <programlisting># systemctl enable foo.service</programlisting>
+ or
+ <programlisting># systemctl link /path/to/foo.service</programlisting>
+ </para>
+ </refsect2>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Exit status</title>
- <para>On success 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
+ <para>On success, 0 is returned, a non-zero failure
code otherwise.</para>
</refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Environment</title>
-
- <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_PAGER</varname></term>
-
- <listitem>
- <para>Pager to use when <option>--no-pager</option> is not
- given; overrides <varname>$PAGER</varname>. Setting this to
- an empty string or the value <literal>cat</literal> is
- equivalent to passing
- <option>--no-pager</option>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
+ <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" />
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>journalctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>loginctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-management</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff