-<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
+<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*- Mode: nxml; nxml-child-indent: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
- <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to
- introspect and control the state of the
+ <para><command>systemctl</command> may be used to introspect and
+ control the state of the <literal>systemd</literal> system and
+ service manager. Please refer to
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- system and service manager.</para>
+ for an introduction into the basic concepts and functionality this
+ tool manages.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<term><option>--state=</option></term>
<listitem>
- <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit LOAD,
- SUB, or ACTIVE states. When listing units, show only those
- in specified states.</para>
+ <para>The argument should be a comma-separated list of unit
+ LOAD, SUB, or ACTIVE states. When listing units, show only
+ those in specified states. Use <option>--state=failed</option>
+ to show only failed units.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>Show reverse dependencies between units with
- <command>list-dependencies</command>, i.e. units with
- dependencies of type <varname>Wants=</varname> or
- <varname>Requires=</varname> on the given unit.
+ <command>list-dependencies</command>, i.e. follow
+ dependencies of type <varname>WantedBy=</varname>,
+ <varname>RequiredBy=</varname>,
+ <varname>RequiredByOverrridable=</varname>,
+ <varname>PartOf=</varname>, <varname>BoundBy=</varname>,
+ instead of <varname>Wants=</varname> and similar.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
units that are ordered before the specified unit. In other
- words, list the units that are in the <varname>After=</varname>
- directive of the specified unit, have the specified unit in
- their <varname>Before=</varname> directive, or are otherwise
- implicit dependencies of the specified unit.</para>
+ words, recursively list units following the
+ <varname>After=</varname> dependency.</para>
+
+ <para>Note that any <varname>After=</varname> dependency is
+ automatically mirrored to create a
+ <varname>Before=</varname> dependency. Temporal dependencies
+ may be specified explicitly, but are also created implicitly
+ for units which are <varname>WantedBy=</varname> targets
+ (see
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>),
+ and as a result of other directives (for example
+ <varname>RequiresMountsFor=</varname>). Both explicitly
+ and implicitly introduced dependencies are shown with
+ <command>list-dependencies</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>With <command>list-dependencies</command>, show the
units that are ordered after the specified unit. In other
- words, list the units that are in the <varname>Before=</varname>
- directive of the specified unit, have the specified unit in
- their <varname>After=</varname> directive, or otherwise depend
- on the specified unit.</para>
+ words, recursively list units following the
+ <varname>Before=</varname> dependency.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<para>If <literal>replace-irreversibly</literal> is specified,
operate like <literal>replace</literal>, but also mark the new
jobs as irreversible. This prevents future conflicting
- transactions from replacing these jobs. The jobs can still be
- cancelled using the <command>cancel</command> command.</para>
+ transactions from replacing these jobs (or even being enqueued
+ while the irreversible jobs are still pending). Irreversible
+ jobs can still be cancelled using the <command>cancel</command>
+ command.</para>
<para><literal>isolate</literal> is only valid for start
operations and causes all other units to be stopped when the
<command>snapshot</command>,
<command>is-active</command>,
<command>is-failed</command>,
+ <command>is-enabled</command>,
+ <command>is-system-running</command>,
<command>enable</command> and
<command>disable</command>.</para>
</listitem>
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="user" />
<xi:include href="user-system-options.xml" xpointer="system" />
+ <!-- we do not document -failed here, as it has been made
+ redundant by -state=failed, which it predates. To keep
+ things simple we only document the new switch, while
+ keeping the old one around for compatibility only. -->
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--no-wall</option></term>
control processes. Note that there is only one control
process per unit at a time, as only one state change is
executed at a time. For services of type
- <varname>Type=forking</varname> the initial process started
+ <varname>Type=forking</varname>, the initial process started
by the manager for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is a
control process, while the process ultimately forked off by
that one is then considered the main process of the unit (if
it can be determined). This is different for service units
of other types, where the process forked off by the manager
for <varname>ExecStart=</varname> is always the main process
- itself. A service unit consists of no or one main process,
- no or one control process plus any number of additional
+ itself. A service unit consists of zero or one main process,
+ zero or one control process plus any number of additional
processes. Not all unit types manage processes of these
- types however. For example for mount units control processes
+ types however. For example, for mount units, control processes
are defined (which are the invocations of
<filename>/usr/bin/mount</filename> and
<filename>/usr/bin/umount</filename>), but no main process
safe option to request an immediate reboot. If
<option>--force</option> is specified twice for these
operations, they will be executed immediately without
- terminating any processes or umounting any file
+ terminating any processes or unmounting any file
systems. Warning: specifying <option>--force</option> twice
with any of these operations might result in data
loss.</para>
<listitem>
<para>When used with <command>enable</command>,
- <command>disable</command>,
+ <command>disable</command>, <command>edit</command>,
(and related commands), make changes only temporarily, so
that they are lost on the next reboot. This will have the
effect that changes are not made in subdirectories of
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--preset-mode=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Takes one of <literal>full</literal> (the default),
+ <literal>enable-only</literal>,
+ <literal>disable-only</literal>. When used with the
+ <command>preset</command> or <command>preset-all</command>
+ commands, controls whether units shall be disabled and
+ enabled according to the preset rules, or only enabled, or
+ only disabled.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>-n</option></term>
<term><option>--lines=</option></term>
</para>
<para>See also the options <option>--show-types</option>,
- <option>--all</option>, and <option>--failed</option>.</para>
+ <option>--all</option>, and <option>--state=</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</para>
<para>See also the options <option>--all</option> and
- <option>--failed</option>.</para>
+ <option>--state=</option>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
file.</para>
<para>This command should not be confused with the
- <command>daemon-reload</command> or <command>load</command>
- commands.</para>
+ <command>daemon-reload</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<listitem>
<para>Start the unit specified on the command line and its
- dependencies and stop all others.</para>
+ dependencies and stop all others. If a unit name with no
+ extension is given, an extension of
+ <literal>.target</literal> will be assumed.</para>
<para>This is similar to changing the runlevel in a
traditional init system. The <command>isolate</command>
<para>Show terse runtime status information about one or
more units, followed by most recent log data from the
journal. If no units are specified, show system status. If
- combined with <option>--all</option> also show the status of
+ combined with <option>--all</option>, also show the status of
all units (subject to limitations specified with
<option>-t</option>). If a PID is passed, show information
about the unit the process belongs to.</para>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><command>list-dependencies <replaceable>NAME</replaceable></command></term>
+ <term>
+ <command>list-dependencies</command>
+ <optional><replaceable>NAME</replaceable></optional>
+ </term>
<listitem>
- <para>Shows required and wanted units of the specified
- unit. If no unit is specified,
- <filename>default.target</filename> is implied. Target units
- are recursively expanded. When <option>--all</option> is
- passed, all other units are recursively expanded as
- well.</para>
+ <para>Shows units required and wanted by the specified
+ unit. This recursively lists units following the
+ <varname>Requires=</varname>,
+ <varname>RequiresOverridable=</varname>,
+ <varname>Requisite=</varname>,
+ <varname>RequisiteOverridable=</varname>,
+ <varname>Wants=</varname>, <varname>BindsTo=</varname>
+ dependencies. If no unit is specified,
+ <filename>default.target</filename> is implied.</para>
+
+ <para>By default, only target units are recursively
+ expanded. When <option>--all</option> is passed, all other
+ units are recursively expanded as well.</para>
+
+ <para>Options <option>--reverse</option>,
+ <option>--after</option>, <option>--before</option>
+ may be used to change what types of dependencies
+ are shown.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
the system, or for all future logins of all users, or only this
boot. Note that in the last case, no systemd daemon
configuration is reloaded.</para>
+
+ <para>Using <command>enable</command> on masked units
+ results in an error.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry><literal>enabled</literal></entry>
- <entry morerows='1'>Enabled through a symlink in <filename>.wants</filename> directory (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Enabled through a symlink in <filename>.wants</filename> directory (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>).</entry>
<entry morerows='1'>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>linked</literal></entry>
- <entry morerows='1'>Made available through a symlink to the unit file (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Made available through a symlink to the unit file (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>).</entry>
<entry morerows='1'>1</entry>
</row>
<row>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>masked</literal></entry>
- <entry morerows='1'>Disabled entirely (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>)</entry>
+ <entry morerows='1'>Disabled entirely (permanently or just in <filename>/run</filename>).</entry>
<entry morerows='1'>1</entry>
</row>
<row>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>static</literal></entry>
- <entry>Unit is not enabled, but has no provisions for enabling in [Install] section</entry>
+ <entry>Unit file is not enabled, and has no provisions for enabling in the <literal>[Install]</literal> section.</entry>
+ <entry>0</entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><literal>indirect</literal></entry>
+ <entry>Unit file itself is not enabled, but it has a non-empty <varname>Also=</varname> setting in the <literal>[Install]</literal> section, listing other unit files that might be enabled.</entry>
<entry>0</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry><literal>disabled</literal></entry>
- <entry>Unit is not enabled</entry>
+ <entry>Unit file is not enabled.</entry>
<entry>1</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
command line, to the defaults configured in the preset
policy files. This has the same effect as
<command>disable</command> or <command>enable</command>,
- depending how the unit is listed in the preset files. For
- more information on the preset policy format, see
+ depending how the unit is listed in the preset files.</para>
+
+ <para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control
+ whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only
+ enabled, or only disabled.</para>
+
+ <para>For more information on the preset policy format,
+ see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
For more information on the concept of presets, please
- consult the
- <ulink url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
+ consult the <ulink
+ url="http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/Preset">Preset</ulink>
document.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>preset-all</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Resets all installed unit files to the defaults
+ configured in the preset policy file (see above).</para>
+
+ <para>Use <option>--preset-mode=</option> to control
+ whether units shall be enabled and disabled, or only
+ enabled, or only disabled.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><command>mask <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
<filename>/dev/null</filename>, making it impossible to
start them. This is a stronger version of
<command>disable</command>, since it prohibits all kinds of
- activation of the unit, including manual activation. Use
- this option with care. This honors the
+ activation of the unit, including enablement and manual
+ activation. Use this option with care. This honors the
<option>--runtime</option> option to only mask temporarily
- until the next reoobt of the system.</para>
+ until the next reboot of the system.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>add-wants <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
+ <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+ <term><command>add-requires <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable>
+ <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Adds <literal>Wants=</literal> resp. <literal>Requires=</literal>
+ dependency to the specified <replaceable>TARGET</replaceable> for
+ one or more units. </para>
+
+ <para>This command honors <option>--system</option>,
+ <option>--user</option>, <option>--runtime</option> and
+ <option>--global</option> in a similar way as
+ <command>enable</command>.</para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><command>link <replaceable>FILENAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
<filename>default.target</filename> to the given unit.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>edit <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>...</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Edit a drop-in snippet or a whole replacement file if
+ <option>--full</option> is specified, to extend or override the
+ specified unit.</para>
+
+ <para>Depending on whether <option>--system</option> (the default),
+ <option>--user</option>, or <option>--global</option> is specified,
+ this creates a drop-in file for each unit either for the system,
+ for the calling user or for all futures logins of all users. Then,
+ the editor (see the "Environment" section below) is invoked on
+ temporary files which will be written to the real location if the
+ editor exits successfully.</para>
+
+ <para>If <option>--full</option> is specified, this will copy the
+ original units instead of creating drop-in files.</para>
+
+ <para>If <option>--runtime</option> is specified, the changes will
+ be made temporarily in <filename>/run</filename> and they will be
+ lost on the next reboot.</para>
+
+ <para>If the temporary file is empty upon exit the modification of
+ the related unit is canceled</para>
+
+ <para>After the units have been edited, systemd configuration is
+ reloaded (in a way that is equivalent to <command>daemon-reload</command>).
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Note that this command cannot be used to remotely edit units
+ and that you cannot temporarily edit units which are in
+ <filename>/etc</filename> since they take precedence over
+ <filename>/run</filename>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect2>
<para>Reload systemd manager configuration. This will reload
all unit files and recreate the entire dependency
tree. While the daemon is being reloaded, all sockets systemd
- listens on on behalf of user configuration will stay
+ listens on behalf of user configuration will stay
accessible.</para> <para>This command should not be confused
- with the <command>load</command> or
- <command>reload</command> commands.</para>
+ with the <command>reload</command> command.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<title>System Commands</title>
<variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><command>is-system-running</command></term>
+
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Checks whether the system is operational. This
+ returns success when the system is fully up and running,
+ meaning not in startup, shutdown or maintenance
+ mode. Failure is returned otherwise. In addition, the
+ current state is printed in a short string to standard
+ output, see table below. Use <option>--quiet</option> to
+ suppress this output.</para>
+
+ <table>
+ <title>Manager Operational States</title>
+ <tgroup cols='2'>
+ <colspec colname='name' />
+ <colspec colname='description' />
+ <thead>
+ <row>
+ <entry>Name</entry>
+ <entry>Description</entry>
+ </row>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <row>
+ <entry><varname>initializing</varname></entry>
+ <entry><para>Early bootup, before
+ <filename>basic.target</filename> is reached
+ or the <varname>maintenance</varname> state entered.
+ </para></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><varname>starting</varname></entry>
+ <entry><para>Late bootup, before the job queue
+ becomes idle for the first time, or one of the
+ rescue targets are reached.</para></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><varname>running</varname></entry>
+ <entry><para>The system is fully
+ operational.</para></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><varname>degraded</varname></entry>
+ <entry><para>The system is operational but one or more
+ units failed.</para></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><varname>maintenance</varname></entry>
+ <entry><para>The rescue or emergency target is
+ active.</para></entry>
+ </row>
+ <row>
+ <entry><varname>stopping</varname></entry>
+ <entry><para>The manager is shutting
+ down.</para></entry>
+ </row>
+ </tbody>
+ </tgroup>
+ </table>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><command>default</command></term>
<command>isolate default.target</command>.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><command>rescue</command></term>
<refsect2>
<title>Parameter Syntax</title>
- <para>Unit ommands listed above take either a single unit name
+ <para>Unit commands listed above take either a single unit name
(designated as <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>), or multiple
unit specifications (designated as
<replaceable>PATTERN</replaceable>...). In the first case, the
<programlisting># systemctl start sshd</programlisting> and
<programlisting># systemctl start sshd.service</programlisting>
are equivalent, as are
- <programlisting># systemctl isolate snapshot-11</programlisting>
+ <programlisting># systemctl isolate default</programlisting>
and
- <programlisting># systemctl isolate snapshot-11.snapshot</programlisting>
+ <programlisting># systemctl isolate default.target</programlisting>
Note that (absolute) paths to device nodes are automatically
converted to device unit names, and other (absolute) paths to
mount unit names.
code otherwise.</para>
</refsect1>
- <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" />
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Environment</title>
+
+ <variablelist class='environment-variables'>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Editor to use when editing units; overrides
+ <varname>$EDITOR</varname> and <varname>$VISUAL</varname>. If neither
+ <varname>$SYSTEMD_EDITOR</varname> nor <varname>$EDITOR</varname> nor
+ <varname>$VISUAL</varname> are present or if it is set to an empty
+ string or if their execution failed, systemctl will try to execute well
+ known editors in this order:
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>nano</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vim</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>vi</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="pager"/>
+ <xi:include href="less-variables.xml" xpointer="less"/>
+ </refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-management</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wall</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.preset</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>glob</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff