-udev - userspace device management
+udev - Linux userspace device management
-Integrating udev in the system has complex dependencies and differs from distro
-to distro. All major distros depend on udev these days and the system may not
-work without a properly installed version. The upstream udev project does not
-recommend to replace a distro's udev installation with the upstream version.
+Integrating udev in the system has complex dependencies and may differ from
+distribution to distribution. A system may not be able to boot up or work
+reliably without a properly installed udev version. The upstream udev project
+does not recommend replacing a distro's udev installation with the upstream
+version.
+
+The upstream udev project's set of default rules may require a most recent
+kernel release to work properly. This is currently version 2.6.32.
Tools and rules shipped by udev are not public API and may change at any time.
-Never call any private tool in /lib/udev from any external application, it might
-just go away in the next release. Access to udev information is only offered
-by udevadm and libudev. Tools and rules in /lib/udev and the entire content of
-/dev/.udev/ is private to udev.
+Never call any private tool in /usr/lib/udev from any external application; it
+might just go away in the next release. Access to udev information is only offered
+by udevadm and libudev. Tools and rules in /usr/lib/udev and the entire contents
+of the /run/udev directory are private to udev and do change whenever needed.
Requirements:
- - Version 2.6.25 of the Linux kernel with sysfs, procfs, signalfd, inotify,
- unix domain sockets, networking and hotplug enabled:
+ - Version 2.6.34 of the Linux kernel with sysfs, procfs, signalfd, inotify,
+ unix domain sockets, networking and hotplug enabled
+
+ - Some architectures might need a later kernel, that supports accept4(),
+ or need to backport the accept4() syscall wiring in the kernel.
+
+ - These options are needed:
CONFIG_HOTPLUG=y
CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER_PATH=""
CONFIG_NET=y
CONFIG_SYSFS=y
CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED*=n
CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
- CONFIG_TMPFS=y
- CONFIG_INOTIFY=y
+ CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER=y
CONFIG_SIGNALFD=y
+
+ - These options might be needed:
+ CONFIG_TMPFS=y
CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL=y (user ACLs for device nodes)
- CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSG=y (SCSI tape devices)
+ CONFIG_BLK_DEV_BSG=y (SCSI devices)
- - For reliable operation, the kernel must not use the CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED*
- option.
+ - Udev does not work with the CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option.
- - Unix domain sockets (CONFIG_UNIX) as a loadable kernel module is not
- supported.
+ - Unix domain sockets (CONFIG_UNIX) as a loadable kernel module may work,
+ but it is not supported.
- - The proc filesystem must be mounted on /proc/, the sysfs filesystem must
- be mounted at /sys/. No other locations are supported by udev.
+ - The deprecated hotplug helper /sbin/hotplug should be disabled in the
+ kernel configuration, it is not needed today, and may render the system
+ unusable because the kernel may create too many processes in parallel
+ so that the system runs out-of-memory.
- - The system must have the following group names resolvable at udev startup:
- disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
- Especially in LDAP setups, it is required, that getgrnam() is able to resolve
- these group names with only the rootfs mounted, and while no network is
+ - The proc filesystem must be mounted on /proc, and the sysfs filesystem must
+ be mounted at /sys. No other locations are supported by a standard
+ udev installation.
+
+ - The default rule sset requires the following group names resolvable at udev startup:
+ disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, and kmem.
+ Especially in LDAP setups, it is required that getgrnam() be able to resolve
+ these group names with only the rootfs mounted and while no network is
available.
- - To build all udev extras, libacl, libglib2, libusb, usbutils, pciutils,
- gperf are needed. These dependencies can be disabled with the
- --disable-extras option.
+ - Some udev extras have external dependencies like:
+ libacl, libglib2, usbutils, pciutils, and gperf.
+ All these extras can be disabled with configure options.
+
+Setup:
+ - At bootup, the /dev directory should get the 'devtmpfs' filesystem
+ mounted. Udev manages the permissions and ownership of the kernel-created
+ device nodes, and udev possibly creates additional symlinks. If needed, udev also
+ works on an empty 'tmpfs' filesystem, but some device nodes like
+ /dev/null, /dev/console, /dev/kmsg should be created before udevd is started.
+
+ - The udev daemon should be started to handle device events sent by the kernel.
+ During bootup, the events for already existing devices can be replayed, so
+ that they are configured by udev. This is usually done by:
+ udevadm trigger --action=add --type=subsystems
+ udevadm trigger --action=add --type=devices
+
+ - Restarting the daemon never applies any rules to existing devices.
+
+ - New/changed rule files are picked up automatically; there is no daemon
+ restart or signal needed.
Operation:
- Udev creates and removes device nodes in /dev/, based on events the kernel
- sends out on device discovery or removal.
-
- - Early in the boot process, the /dev/ directory should get a 'tmpfs'
- filesystem mounted, which is maintained by udev. Created nodes or changed
- permissions will not survive a reboot, which is intentional.
-
- - The content of /lib/udev/devices/ directory which contains the nodes,
- symlinks and directories, which are always expected to be in /dev, should
- be copied over to the tmpfs mounted /dev, to provide the required nodes
- to initialize udev and continue booting.
-
- - The old hotplug helper /sbin/hotplug should be disabled in the kernel
- configuration, it is not needed, and may render the system unusable
- because of a fork-bombing behavior.
-
- - All kernel events are matched against a set of specified rules in
- /lib/udev/rules.d/ which make it possible to hook into the event
- processing to load required kernel modules and setup devices. For all
- devices the kernel exports a major/minor number, udev will create a
- device node with the default kernel name, or the one specified by a
- matching udev rule.
-
-Please direct any comment/question/concern to the linux-hotplug mailing list at:
- linux-hotplug@vger.kernel.org
+ - Based on events the kernel sends out on device creation/removal, udev
+ creates/removes device nodes and symlinks in the /dev directory.
+ - All kernel events are matched against a set of specified rules, which
+ possibly hook into the event processing and load required kernel
+ modules to set up devices. For all devices, the kernel exports a major/minor
+ number; if needed, udev creates a device node with the default kernel
+ device name. If specified, udev applies permissions/ownership to the device
+ node, creates additional symlinks pointing to the node, and executes
+ programs to handle the device.
+
+ - The events udev handles, and the information udev merges into its device
+ database, can be accessed with libudev:
+ http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
+ http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/gudev/
+
+For more details about udev and udev rules, see the udev man pages:
+ http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev/
+
+Please direct any comment/question to the linux-hotplug mailing list at:
+ linux-hotplug@vger.kernel.org
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff