systemd System and Service Manager
-CHANGES WITH 219:
+CHANGES WITH 229:
+
+ * The systemd-resolved DNS resolver service has gained a substantial
+ set of new features, most prominently it may now act as a DNSSEC
+ validating stub resolver. DNSSEC mode is currently turned off by
+ default, but it is expected that this is turned on by default in one
+ of the next releases. For now, we invite everybody to test the DNSSEC
+ logic by setting DNSSEC=allow-downgrade in
+ /etc/systemd/resolved.conf. The service also gained a full set of
+ D-Bus interfaces, including calls to configure DNS and DNSSEC
+ settings per link (for consumption by external network management
+ software). systemd-resolved (and systemd-networkd along with it) now
+ know to distinguish between "search" and "routing" domains. The
+ former are used to qualify single-label names, the latter are purely
+ used for routing lookups within certain domains to specific
+ links. resolved will now also synthesize RRs for all entries from
+ /etc/hosts.
+
+ * The systemd-resolve tool (which is a client utility for
+ systemd-resolved, and previously experimental) has been improved
+ considerably and is now fully supported and documented. Hence it has
+ moved from /usr/lib/systemd to /usr/bin.
+
+ * /dev/disk/by-path/ symlink support has been (re-)added for virtio
+ devices.
+
+ * The coredump collection logic has been reworked: when a coredump is
+ collected it is now written to disk, compressed and processed
+ (including stacktrace extraction) from a new instantiated service
+ systemd-coredump@.service, instead of directly from the
+ /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern hook we provide. This is beneficial as
+ processing large coredumps can take up a substantial amount of
+ resources and time, and this previously happened entirely outside of
+ systemd's service supervision. With the new logic the core_pattern
+ hook only does minimal metadata collection before passing off control
+ to the new instantiated service, which is configured with a time
+ limit, a nice level and other settings to minimize negative impact on
+ the rest of the system. Also note that the new logic will honour the
+ RLIMIT_CORE setting of the crashed process, which now allows users
+ and processes to turn off coredumping for their processes by setting
+ this limit.
+
+ * The RLIMIT_CORE resource limit now defaults to "unlimited" for PID 1
+ and all forked processes by default. Previously, PID 1 would leave
+ the setting at "0" for all processes, as set by the kernel. Note that
+ the resource limit traditionally has no effect on the generated
+ coredumps on the system if the /proc/sys/kernel/core_pattern hook
+ logic is used. Since the limit is now honoured (see above) its
+ default has been changed so that the coredumping logic is enabled by
+ default for all processes, while allowing specific opt-out.
+
+ * When the stacktrace is extracted from processes of system users, this
+ is now done as "systemd-coredump" user, in order to sandbox this
+ potentially security sensitive parsing operation. (Note that when
+ processing coredumps of normal users this is done under the user ID
+ of process that crashed, as before.) Packagers should take notice
+ that it is now necessary to create the "systemd-coredump" system user
+ and group at package installation time.
+
+ * The systemd-activate socket activation testing tool gained support
+ for SOCK_DGRAM and SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets using the new --datagram
+ and --seqpacket switches. It also has been extended to support both
+ new-style and inetd-style file descriptor passing. Use the new
+ --inetd switch to request inetd-style file descriptor passing.
+
+ * Most systemd tools now honor a new $SYSTEMD_COLORS environment
+ variable, which takes a boolean value. If set to false, ANSI color
+ output is disabled in the tools even when run on a terminal that
+ supports it.
+
+ * The VXLAN support in networkd now supports two new settings
+ DestinationPort= and PortRange=.
+
+ * A new systemd.machine_id= kernel command line switch has been added,
+ that may be used to set the machine ID in /etc/machine-id if it is
+ not initialized yet. This command line option has no effect if the
+ file is already initialized.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new --as-pid2 switch that invokes any
+ specified command line as PID 2 rather than PID 1 in the
+ container. In this mode PID 1 will be a minimal stub init process
+ that implements the special POSIX and Linux semantics of PID 1
+ regarding signal and child process management. Note that this stub
+ init process is implemented in nspawn itself and requires no support
+ from the container image. This new logic is useful to support running
+ arbitrary command lines in the container, as normal processes are
+ generally not prepared to run as PID 1.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new --chdir= switch for setting the current
+ working directory for the process started in the container.
+
+ * "journalctl /dev/sda" will now output all kernel log messages from
+ the specified device, in addition to all devices that are parents of
+ it. This should make log output about devices pretty useful, as long
+ as kernel drivers attach enough metadata to the log messages. (The
+ usual SATA drivers do.)
+
+ * The sd-journal API gained two new calls
+ sd_journal_has_runtime_files() and sd_journal_has_persistent_files()
+ that report whether log data from /run or /var has been found.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new switch "--fields" that prints all journal
+ record field names currently in use in the journal. This is backed
+ by two new sd-journal API calls sd_journal_enumerate_fields() and
+ sd_journal_restart_fields().
+
+ * Most configurable timeouts in systemd now expect an argument of
+ "infinity" to turn them off, instead of "0" as before. The semantics
+ from now on is that a timeout of "0" means "now", and "infinity"
+ means "never". To maintain backwards compatibility, "0" continues to
+ turn off previously existing timeout settings.
+
+ * "systemctl reload-or-try-restart" has been renamed to "systemctl
+ try-reload-or-restart" to clarify what it actually does: the "try"
+ logic applies to both reloading and restarting, not just restarting.
+ The old name continues to be accepted for compatibility.
+
+ * On boot-up, when PID 1 detects that the system clock is behind the
+ release date of the systemd version in use, the clock is now set
+ to the latter. Previously, this was already done in timesyncd, in order
+ to avoid running with clocks set to the various clock epochs such as
+ 1902, 1938 or 1970. With this change the logic is now done in PID 1
+ in addition to timesyncd during early boot-up, so that it is enforced
+ before the first process is spawned by systemd. Note that the logic
+ in timesyncd remains, as it is more comprehensive and ensures
+ montonic clocks by maintaining a persistant timestamp file in
+ /var. Since /var is generally not available in earliest boot or the
+ initrd, this part of the logic remains in timesyncd, and is not done
+ by PID 1.
+
+ * Support for tweaking details in net_cls.class_id through the
+ NetClass= configuration directive has been removed, as the kernel
+ people have decided to deprecate that controller in cgroup v2.
+ Userspace tools such as nftables are moving over to setting rules
+ that are specific to the full cgroup path of a task, which obsoletes
+ these controllers anyway. The NetClass= directive is kept around for
+ legacy compatibility reasons. For a more in-depth description of the
+ kernel change, please refer to the respective upstream commit:
+
+ https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=bd1060a1d671
+
+ * A new service setting RuntimeMaxSec= has been added that may be used
+ to specify a maximum runtime for a service. If the timeout is hit, the
+ service is terminated and put into a failure state.
+
+ * A new service setting AmbientCapabilities= has been added. It allows
+ configuration of additional Linux process capabilities that are
+ passed to the activated processes. This is only available on very
+ recent kernels.
+
+ * The process resource limit settings in service units may now be used
+ to configure hard and soft limits individually.
+
+ * The various libsystemd APIs such as sd-bus or sd-event now publicly
+ expose support for gcc's __attribute__((cleanup())) C
+ extension. Specifically, for many object destructor functions
+ alternative versions whose names are suffixed with "p" have been
+ added, which take a pointer to a pointer to the object to destroy,
+ instead of just a pointer to the object itself. This is useful because
+ these destructor functions may be used directly as parameters to the
+ cleanup construct. Internally, systemd has been a heavy user of the
+ GCC extension since a long time, and with this change similar support
+ is now available to consumers of the library outside of systemd. Note
+ that by using this extension in your sources compatibility with old
+ and strictly ANSI compatible C compilers is lost. However, any gcc or
+ LLVM version of recent years have supported this extension.
+
+ * Timer units gained support for a new setting RandomizedDelaySec= that
+ allows configuring some additional randomized delay to the configured
+ time. This is useful to spread out timer events to avoid load peaks in
+ clusters or larger setups.
+
+ * Calendar time specifications now support sub-second accuracy.
+
+ * Socket units now support listening on SCTP and UDP-lite protocol
+ sockets.
+
+ * The sd-event API now comes with a full set of man pages.
+
+ * Older versions of systemd contained experimental support for
+ compressing journal files and coredumps with the LZ4 compressor that
+ was not compatible with the lz4 binary (due to API limitations of the
+ lz4 library). This support has been removed; only support for files
+ compatible with the lz4 binary remains. This LZ4 logic is now
+ officially supported and no longer considered experimental.
+
+ * The dkr image import logic has been removed again from importd. dkr's
+ micro-services focus doesn't fit into the machine image focus of
+ importd, and quickly got out of date with the upstream dkr API.
+
+ * Creation of the /run/lock/lockdev/ directory was dropped from
+ tmpfiles.d/legacy.conf. Better locking mechanisms like flock() have
+ been available for many years. If you still need this, you need to
+ create your own tmpfiles.d config file with:
+
+ d /run/lock/lockdev 0775 root lock -
+
+ Contributions from: Abdo Roig-Maranges, Alban Crequy, Aleksander
+ Adamowski, Alexander Kuleshov, Andreas Pokorny, Andrei Borzenkov,
+ Andrew Wilcox, Arthur Clement, Beniamino Galvani, Casey Schaufler,
+ Chris Atkinson, Chris Mayo, Christian Hesse, Damjan Georgievski, Dan
+ Dedrick, Daniele Medri, Daniel J Walsh, Daniel Korostil, Daniel Mack,
+ David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Dominik Hannen, Douglas Christman,
+ Evgeny Vereshchagin, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Gabor Kelemen,
+ Harald Hoyer, Hayden Walles, Helmut Grohne, Henrik Kaare Poulsen,
+ Hristo Venev, Hui Wang, Indrajit Raychaudhuri, Ismo Puustinen, Jakub
+ Wilk, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig), Jan Engelhardt, Jan Synacek,
+ Joost Bremmer, Jorgen Schaefer, Karel Zak, Klearchos Chaloulos,
+ lc85446, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel
+ Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Scherer,
+ Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar, Nicolas Cornu, Nicolas Iooss, Nils
+ Carlson, nmartensen, nnz1024, Patrick Ohly, Peter Hutterer, Phillip Sz,
+ Ronny Chevalier, Samu Kallio, Shawn Landden, Stef Walter, Susant
+ Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Tadej Janež, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel
+ Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito
+ Caputo, WaLyong Cho, Yu Watanabe, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ -- Berlin, 2016-02-11
+
+CHANGES WITH 228:
+
+ * A number of properties previously only settable in unit
+ files are now also available as properties to set when
+ creating transient units programmatically via the bus, as it
+ is exposed with systemd-run's --property=
+ setting. Specifically, these are: SyslogIdentifier=,
+ SyslogLevelPrefix=, TimerSlackNSec=, OOMScoreAdjust=,
+ EnvironmentFile=, ReadWriteDirectories=,
+ ReadOnlyDirectories=, InaccessibleDirectories=,
+ ProtectSystem=, ProtectHome=, RuntimeDirectory=.
+
+ * When creating transient services via the bus API it is now
+ possible to pass in a set of file descriptors to use as
+ STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR for the invoked process.
+
+ * Slice units may now be created transiently via the bus APIs,
+ similar to the way service and scope units may already be
+ created transiently.
+
+ * Wherever systemd expects a calendar timestamp specification
+ (like in journalctl's --since= and --until= switches) UTC
+ timestamps are now supported. Timestamps suffixed with "UTC"
+ are now considered to be in Universal Time Coordinated
+ instead of the local timezone. Also, timestamps may now
+ optionally be specified with sub-second accuracy. Both of
+ these additions also apply to recurring calendar event
+ specification, such as OnCalendar= in timer units.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new "--sync" switch that asks the
+ journal daemon to write all so far unwritten log messages to
+ disk and sync the files, before returning.
+
+ * systemd-tmpfiles learned two new line types "q" and "Q" that
+ operate like "v", but also set up a basic btrfs quota
+ hierarchy when used on a btrfs file system with quota
+ enabled.
+
+ * tmpfiles' "v", "q" and "Q" will now create a plain directory
+ instead of a subvolume (even on a btrfs file system) if the
+ root directory is a plain directory, and not a
+ subvolume. This should simplify things with certain chroot()
+ environments which are not aware of the concept of btrfs
+ subvolumes.
+
+ * systemd-detect-virt gained a new --chroot switch to detect
+ whether execution takes place in a chroot() environment.
+
+ * CPUAffinity= now takes CPU index ranges in addition to
+ individual indexes.
+
+ * The various memory-related resource limit settings (such as
+ LimitAS=) now understand the usual K, M, G, ... suffixes to
+ the base of 1024 (IEC). Similar, the time-related resource
+ limit settings understand the usual min, h, day, ...
+ suffixes now.
+
+ * There's a new system.conf setting DefaultTasksMax= to
+ control the default TasksMax= setting for services and
+ scopes running on the system. (TasksMax= is the primary
+ setting that exposes the "pids" cgroup controller on systemd
+ and was introduced in the previous systemd release.) The
+ setting now defaults to 512, which means services that are
+ not explicitly configured otherwise will only be able to
+ create 512 processes or threads at maximum, from this
+ version on. Note that this means that thread- or
+ process-heavy services might need to be reconfigured to set
+ TasksMax= to a higher value. It is sufficient to set
+ TasksMax= in these specific unit files to a higher value, or
+ even "infinity". Similar, there's now a logind.conf setting
+ UserTasksMax= that defaults to 4096 and limits the total
+ number of processes or tasks each user may own
+ concurrently. nspawn containers also have the TasksMax=
+ value set by default now, to 8192. Note that all of this
+ only has an effect if the "pids" cgroup controller is
+ enabled in the kernel. The general benefit of these changes
+ should be a more robust and safer system, that provides a
+ certain amount of per-service fork() bomb protection.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained the new --network-veth-extra= switch
+ to define additional and arbitrarily-named virtual Ethernet
+ links between the host and the container.
+
+ * A new service execution setting PassEnvironment= has been
+ added that allows importing select environment variables
+ from PID1's environment block into the environment block of
+ the service.
- (This changes list is very incomplete, and the release is
- weeks out still.)
+ * Timer units gained support for a new RemainAfterElapse=
+ setting which takes a boolean argument. It defaults on on,
+ exposing behaviour unchanged to previous releases. If set to
+ off, timer units are unloaded after they elapsed if they
+ cannot elapse again. This is particularly useful for
+ transient timer units, which shall not stay around longer
+ than until they first elapse.
+
+ * systemd will now bump the net.unix.max_dgram_qlen to 512 by
+ default now (the kernel default is 16). This is beneficial
+ for avoiding blocking on AF_UNIX/SOCK_DGRAM sockets since it
+ allows substantially larger numbers of queued
+ datagrams. This should increase the capability of systemd to
+ parallelize boot-up, as logging and sd_notify() are unlikely
+ to stall execution anymore. If you need to change the value
+ from the new defaults, use the usual sysctl.d/ snippets.
+
+ * The compression framing format used by the journal or
+ coredump processing has changed to be in line with what the
+ official LZ4 tools generate. LZ4 compression support in
+ systemd was considered unsupported previously, as the format
+ was not compatible with the normal tools. With this release
+ this has changed now, and it is hence safe for downstream
+ distributions to turn it on. While not compressing as well
+ as the XZ, LZ4 is substantially faster, which makes
+ it a good default choice for the compression logic in the
+ journal and in coredump handling.
+
+ * Any reference to /etc/mtab has been dropped from
+ systemd. The file has been obsolete since a while, but
+ systemd refused to work on systems where it was incorrectly
+ set up (it should be a symlink or non-existent). Please make
+ sure to update to util-linux 2.27.1 or newer in conjunction
+ with this systemd release, which also drops any reference to
+ /etc/mtab. If you maintain a distribution make sure that no
+ software you package still references it, as this is a
+ likely source of bugs. There's also a glibc bug pending,
+ asking for removal of any reference to this obsolete file:
+
+ https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=19108
+
+ * Support for the ".snapshot" unit type has been removed. This
+ feature turned out to be little useful and little used, and
+ has now been removed from the core and from systemctl.
+
+ * The dependency types RequiresOverridable= and
+ RequisiteOverridable= have been removed from systemd. They
+ have been used only very sparingly to our knowledge and
+ other options that provide a similar effect (such as
+ systemctl --mode=ignore-dependencies) are much more useful
+ and commonly used. Moreover, they were only half-way
+ implemented as the option to control behaviour regarding
+ these dependencies was never added to systemctl. By removing
+ these dependency types the execution engine becomes a bit
+ simpler. Unit files that use these dependencies should be
+ changed to use the non-Overridable dependency types
+ instead. In fact, when parsing unit files with these
+ options, that's what systemd will automatically convert them
+ too, but it will also warn, asking users to fix the unit
+ files accordingly. Removal of these dependency types should
+ only affect a negligible number of unit files in the wild.
+
+ * Behaviour of networkd's IPForward= option changed
+ (again). It will no longer maintain a per-interface setting,
+ but propagate one way from interfaces where this is enabled
+ to the global kernel setting. The global setting will be
+ enabled when requested by a network that is set up, but
+ never be disabled again. This change was made to make sure
+ IPv4 and IPv6 behaviour regarding packet forwarding is
+ similar (as the Linux IPv6 stack does not support
+ per-interface control of this setting) and to minimize
+ surprises.
+
+ * In unit files the behaviour of %u, %U, %h, %s has
+ changed. These specifiers will now unconditionally resolve
+ to the various user database fields of the user that the
+ systemd instance is running as, instead of the user
+ configured in the specific unit via User=. Note that this
+ effectively doesn't change much, as resolving of these
+ specifiers was already turned off in the --system instance
+ of systemd, as we cannot do NSS lookups from PID 1. In the
+ --user instance of systemd these specifiers where correctly
+ resolved, but hardly made any sense, since the user instance
+ lacks privileges to do user switches anyway, and User= is
+ hence useless. Morever, even in the --user instance of
+ systemd behaviour was awkward as it would only take settings
+ from User= assignment placed before the specifier into
+ account. In order to unify and simplify the logic around
+ this the specifiers will now always resolve to the
+ credentials of the user invoking the manager (which in case
+ of PID 1 is the root user).
+
+ Contributions from: Andrew Jones, Beniamino Galvani, Boyuan
+ Yang, Daniel Machon, Daniel Mack, David Herrmann, David
+ Reynolds, David Strauss, Dongsu Park, Evgeny Vereshchagin,
+ Felipe Sateler, Filipe Brandenburger, Franck Bui, Hristo
+ Venev, Iago López Galeiras, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan
+ Synacek, Jesus Ornelas Aguayo, Karel Zak, kayrus, Kay Sievers,
+ Lennart Poettering, Liu Yuan Yuan, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel
+ Holtmann, Marcin Bachry, Marcos Alano, Marcos Mello, Mark
+ Theunissen, Martin Pitt, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich,
+ Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nick Owens,
+ Nicolas Cornu, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer, reverendhomer,
+ Ronny Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Seong-ho Cho, Shawn Landden,
+ Susant Sahani, Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen,
+ Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Vito Caputo, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-11-18
+
+CHANGES WITH 227:
+
+ * systemd now depends on util-linux v2.27. More specifically,
+ the newly added mount monitor feature in libmount now
+ replaces systemd's former own implementation.
+
+ * libmount mandates /etc/mtab not to be regular file, and
+ systemd now enforces this condition at early boot.
+ /etc/mtab has been deprecated and warned about for a very
+ long time, so systems running systemd should already have
+ stopped having this file around as anything else than a
+ symlink to /proc/self/mounts.
+
+ * Support for the "pids" cgroup controller has been added. It
+ allows accounting the number of tasks in a cgroup and
+ enforcing limits on it. This adds two new setting
+ TasksAccounting= and TasksMax= to each unit, as well as a
+ global option DefaultTasksAccounting=.
+
+ * Support for the "net_cls" cgroup controller has been added.
+ It allows assigning a net class ID to each task in the
+ cgroup, which can then be used in firewall rules and traffic
+ shaping configurations. Note that the kernel netfilter net
+ class code does not currently work reliably for ingress
+ packets on unestablished sockets.
+
+ This adds a new config directive called NetClass= to CGroup
+ enabled units. Allowed values are positive numbers for fixed
+ assignments and "auto" for picking a free value
+ automatically.
+
+ * 'systemctl is-system-running' now returns 'offline' if the
+ system is not booted with systemd. This command can now be
+ used as a substitute for 'systemd-notify --booted'.
+
+ * Watchdog timeouts have been increased to 3 minutes for all
+ in-tree service files. Apparently, disk IO issues are more
+ frequent than we hoped, and user reported >1 minute waiting
+ for disk IO.
+
+ * 'machine-id-commit' functionality has been merged into
+ 'machine-id-setup --commit'. The separate binary has been
+ removed.
+
+ * The WorkingDirectory= directive in unit files may now be set
+ to the special value '~'. In this case, the working
+ directory is set to the home directory of the user
+ configured in User=.
+
+ * "machinectl shell" will now open the shell in the home
+ directory of the selected user by default.
+
+ * The CrashChVT= configuration file setting is renamed to
+ CrashChangeVT=, following our usual logic of not
+ abbreviating unnecessarily. The old directive is still
+ supported for compat reasons. Also, this directive now takes
+ an integer value between 1 and 63, or a boolean value. The
+ formerly supported '-1' value for disabling stays around for
+ compat reasons.
+
+ * The PrivateTmp=, PrivateDevices=, PrivateNetwork=,
+ NoNewPrivileges=, TTYPath=, WorkingDirectory= and
+ RootDirectory= properties can now be set for transient
+ units.
+
+ * The systemd-analyze tool gained a new "set-log-target" verb
+ to change the logging target the system manager logs to
+ dynamically during runtime. This is similar to how
+ "systemd-analyze set-log-level" already changes the log
+ level.
+
+ * In nspawn /sys is now mounted as tmpfs, with only a selected
+ set of subdirectories mounted in from the real sysfs. This
+ enhances security slightly, and is useful for ensuring user
+ namespaces work correctly.
+
+ * Support for USB FunctionFS activation has been added. This
+ allows implementation of USB gadget services that are
+ activated as soon as they are requested, so that they don't
+ have to run continously, similar to classic socket
+ activation.
+
+ * The "systemctl exit" command now optionally takes an
+ additional parameter that sets the exit code to return from
+ the systemd manager when exiting. This is only relevant when
+ running the systemd user instance, or when running the
+ system instance in a container.
+
+ * sd-bus gained the new API calls sd_bus_path_encode_many()
+ and sd_bus_path_decode_many() that allow easy encoding and
+ decoding of multiple identifier strings inside a D-Bus
+ object path. Another new call sd_bus_default_flush_close()
+ has been added to flush and close per-thread default
+ connections.
+
+ * systemd-cgtop gained support for a -M/--machine= switch to
+ show the control groups within a certain container only.
+
+ * "systemctl kill" gained support for an optional --fail
+ switch. If specified the requested operation will fail of no
+ processes have been killed, because the unit had no
+ processes attached, or similar.
+
+ * A new systemd.crash_reboot=1 kernel command line option has
+ been added that triggers a reboot after crashing. This can
+ also be set through CrashReboot= in systemd.conf.
+
+ * The RuntimeDirectory= setting now understands unit
+ specifiers like %i or %f.
+
+ * A new (still internal) libary API sd-ipv4acd has been added,
+ that implements address conflict detection for IPv4. It's
+ based on code from sd-ipv4ll, and will be useful for
+ detecting DHCP address conflicts.
+
+ * File descriptors passed during socket activation may now be
+ named. A new API sd_listen_fds_with_names() is added to
+ access the names. The default names may be overridden,
+ either in the .socket file using the FileDescriptorName=
+ parameter, or by passing FDNAME= when storing the file
+ descriptors using sd_notify().
+
+ * systemd-networkd gained support for:
+
+ - Setting the IPv6 Router Advertisment settings via
+ IPv6AcceptRouterAdvertisements= in .network files.
+
+ - Configuring the HelloTimeSec=, MaxAgeSec= and
+ ForwardDelaySec= bridge parameters in .netdev files.
+
+ - Configuring PreferredSource= for static routes in
+ .network files.
+
+ * The "ask-password" framework used to query for LUKS harddisk
+ passwords or SSL passwords during boot gained support for
+ caching passwords in the kernel keyring, if it is
+ available. This makes sure that the user only has to type in
+ a passphrase once if there are multiple objects to unlock
+ with the same one. Previously, such password caching was
+ available only when Plymouth was used; this moves the
+ caching logic into the systemd codebase itself. The
+ "systemd-ask-password" utility gained a new --keyname=
+ switch to control which kernel keyring key to use for
+ caching a password in. This functionality is also useful for
+ enabling display managers such as gdm to automatically
+ unlock the user's GNOME keyring if its passphrase, the
+ user's password and the harddisk password are the same, if
+ gdm-autologin is used.
+
+ * When downloading tar or raw images using "machinectl
+ pull-tar" or "machinectl pull-raw", a matching ".nspawn"
+ file is now also downloaded, if it is available and stored
+ next to the image file.
+
+ * Units of type ".socket" gained a new boolean setting
+ Writable= which is only useful in conjunction with
+ ListenSpecial=. If true, enables opening the specified
+ special file in O_RDWR mode rather than O_RDONLY mode.
+
+ * systemd-rfkill has been reworked to become a singleton
+ service that is activated through /dev/rfkill on each rfkill
+ state change and saves the settings to disk. This way,
+ systemd-rfkill is now compatible with devices that exist
+ only intermittendly, and even restores state if the previous
+ system shutdown was abrupt rather than clean.
+
+ * The journal daemon gained support for vacuuming old journal
+ files controlled by the number of files that shall remain,
+ in addition to the already existing control by size and by
+ date. This is useful as journal interleaving performance
+ degrades with too many seperate journal files, and allows
+ putting an effective limit on them. The new setting defaults
+ to 100, but this may be changed by setting SystemMaxFiles=
+ and RuntimeMaxFiles= in journald.conf. Also, the
+ "journalctl" tool gained the new --vacuum-files= switch to
+ manually vacuum journal files to leave only the specified
+ number of files in place.
+
+ * udev will now create /dev/disk/by-path links for ATA devices
+ on kernels where that is supported.
+
+ * Galician, Serbian, Turkish and Korean translations were added.
+
+ Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Alban Crequy, Beniamino
+ Galvani, Benjamin Robin, Branislav Blaskovic, Chen-Han Hsiao
+ (Stanley), Daniel Buch, Daniel Machon, Daniel Mack, David
+ Herrmann, David Milburn, doubleodoug, Evgeny Vereshchagin,
+ Felipe Franciosi, Filipe Brandenburger, Fran Dieguez, Gabriel
+ de Perthuis, Georg Müller, Hans de Goede, Hendrik Brueckner,
+ Ivan Shapovalov, Jacob Keller, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen,
+ Jan Synacek, Jens Kuske, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Krzesimir
+ Nowak, Krzysztof Kotlenga, Lars Uebernickel, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Łukasz Stelmach, Maciej Wereski,
+ Marcel Holtmann, Marius Thesing, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl,
+ Michael Gebetsroither, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike
+ Gilbert, Muhammet Kara, nazgul77, Nicolas Cornu, NoXPhasma,
+ Olof Johansson, Patrik Flykt, Pawel Szewczyk, reverendhomer,
+ Ronny Chevalier, Sangjung Woo, Seong-ho Cho, Susant Sahani,
+ Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel
+ Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tom Lyon, Viktar Vauchkevich,
+ Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Марко М. Костић
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-10-07
+
+CHANGES WITH 226:
+
+ * The DHCP implementation of systemd-networkd gained a set of
+ new features:
+
+ - The DHCP server now supports emitting DNS and NTP
+ information. It may be enabled and configured via
+ EmitDNS=, DNS=, EmitNTP=, and NTP=. If transmission of DNS
+ and NTP information is enabled, but no servers are
+ configured, the corresponding uplink information (if there
+ is any) is propagated.
+
+ - Server and client now support transmission and reception
+ of timezone information. It can be configured via the
+ newly introduced network options UseTimezone=,
+ EmitTimezone=, and Timezone=. Transmission of timezone
+ information is enabled between host and containers by
+ default now: the container will change its local timezone
+ to what the host has set.
+
+ - Lease timeouts can now be configured via
+ MaxLeaseTimeSec= and DefaultLeaseTimeSec=.
+
+ - The DHCP server improved on the stability of
+ leases. Clients are more likely to get the same lease
+ information back, even if the server loses state.
+
+ - The DHCP server supports two new configuration options to
+ control the lease address pool metrics, PoolOffset= and
+ PoolSize=.
+
+ * The encapsulation limit of tunnels in systemd-networkd may
+ now be configured via 'EncapsulationLimit='. It allows
+ modifying the maximum additional levels of encapsulation
+ that are permitted to be prepended to a packet.
+
+ * systemd now supports the concept of user buses replacing
+ session buses, if used with dbus-1.10 (and enabled via dbus
+ --enable-user-session). It previously only supported this on
+ kdbus-enabled systems, and this release expands this to
+ 'dbus-daemon' systems.
+
+ * systemd-networkd now supports predictable interface names
+ for virtio devices.
+
+ * systemd now optionally supports the new Linux kernel
+ "unified" control group hierarchy. If enabled via the kernel
+ command-line option 'systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1',
+ systemd will try to mount the unified cgroup hierarchy
+ directly on /sys/fs/cgroup. If not enabled, or not
+ available, systemd will fall back to the legacy cgroup
+ hierarchy setup, as before. Host system and containers can
+ mix and match legacy and unified hierarchies as they
+ wish. nspawn understands the $UNIFIED_CROUP_HIERARCHY
+ environment variable to individually select the hierarchy to
+ use for executed containers. By default, nspawn will use the
+ unified hierarchy for the containers if the host uses the
+ unified hierarchy, and the legacy hierarchy otherwise.
+ Please note that at this point the unified hierarchy is an
+ experimental kernel feature and is likely to change in one
+ of the next kernel releases. Therefore, it should not be
+ enabled by default in downstream distributions yet. The
+ minimum required kernel version for the unified hierarchy to
+ work is 4.2. Note that when the unified hierarchy is used
+ for the first time delegated access to controllers is
+ safe. Because of this systemd-nspawn containers will get
+ access to controllers now, as will systemd user
+ sessions. This means containers and user sessions may now
+ manage their own resources, partitioning up what the system
+ grants them.
+
+ * A new special scope unit "init.scope" has been introduced
+ that encapsulates PID 1 of the system. It may be used to
+ determine resource usage and enforce resource limits on PID
+ 1 itself. PID 1 hence moved out of the root of the control
+ group tree.
+
+ * The cgtop tool gained support for filtering out kernel
+ threads when counting tasks in a control group. Also, the
+ count of processes is now recursively summed up by
+ default. Two options -k and --recursive= have been added to
+ revert to old behaviour. The tool has also been updated to
+ work correctly in containers now.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn's --bind= and --bind-ro= options have been
+ extended to allow creation of non-recursive bind mounts.
+
+ * libsystemd gained two new calls sd_pid_get_cgroup() and
+ sd_peer_get_cgroup() which return the control group path of
+ a process or peer of a connected AF_UNIX socket. This
+ function call is particularly useful when implementing
+ delegated subtrees support in the control group hierarchy.
+
+ * The "sd-event" event loop API of libsystemd now supports
+ correct dequeuing of real-time signals, without losing
+ signal events.
+
+ * When systemd requests a PolicyKit decision when managing
+ units it will now add additional fields to the request,
+ including unit name and desired operation. This enables more
+ powerful PolicyKit policies, that make decisions depending
+ on these parameters.
+
+ * nspawn learnt support for .nspawn settings files, that may
+ accompany the image files or directories of containers, and
+ may contain additional settings for the container. This is
+ an alternative to configuring container parameters via the
+ nspawn command line.
+
+ Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Mack, David
+ Herrmann, Eugene Yakubovich, Evgeny Vereshchagin, Filipe
+ Brandenburger, Hans de Goede, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan
+ Synacek, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mangix, Marcel
+ Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Chapman, Michal
+ Sekletar, Peter Hutterer, Piotr Drąg, reverendhomer, Robin
+ Hack, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Pasche, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel
+ Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein Husebø
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-09-08
+
+CHANGES WITH 225:
+
+ * machinectl gained a new verb 'shell' which opens a fresh
+ shell on the target container or the host. It is similar to
+ the existing 'login' command of machinectl, but spawns the
+ shell directly without prompting for username or
+ password. The pseudo machine '.host' now refers to the local
+ host and is used by default. Hence, 'machinectl shell' can
+ be used as replacement for 'su -' which spawns a session as
+ a fresh systemd unit in a way that is fully isolated from
+ the originating session.
+
+ * systemd-networkd learned to cope with private-zone DHCP
+ options and allows other programs to query the values.
+
+ * SELinux access control when enabling/disabling units is no
+ longer enforced with this release. The previous
+ implementation was incorrect, and a new corrected
+ implementation is not yet available. As unit file operations
+ are still protected via PolicyKit and D-Bus policy this is
+ not a security problem. Yet, distributions which care about
+ optimal SELinux support should probably not stabilize on
+ this release.
+
+ * sd-bus gained support for matches of type "arg0has=", that
+ test for membership of strings in string arrays sent in bus
+ messages.
+
+ * systemd-resolved now dumps the contents of its DNS and LLMNR
+ caches to the logs on reception of the SIGUSR1 signal. This
+ is useful to debug DNS behaviour.
+
+ * The coredumpctl tool gained a new --directory= option to
+ operate on journal files in a specific directory.
+
+ * "systemctl reboot" and related commands gained a new
+ "--message=" option which may be used to set a free-text
+ wall message when shutting down or rebooting the
+ system. This message is also logged, which is useful for
+ figuring out the reason for a reboot or shutdown a
+ posteriori.
+
+ * The "systemd-resolve-host" tool's -i switch now takes
+ network interface numbers as alternative to interface names.
+
+ * A new unit file setting for services has been introduced:
+ UtmpMode= allows configuration of how precisely systemd
+ handles utmp and wtmp entries for the service if this is
+ enabled. This allows writing services that appear similar to
+ user sessions in the output of the "w", "who", "last" and
+ "lastlog" tools.
+
+ * systemd-resolved will now locally synthesize DNS resource
+ records for the "localhost" and "gateway" domains as well as
+ the local hostname. This should ensure that clients querying
+ RRs via resolved will get similar results as those going via
+ NSS, if nss-myhostname is enabled.
+
+ Contributions from: Alastair Hughes, Alex Crawford, Daniel
+ Mack, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Kostrowski,
+ Evgeny Vereshchagin, Felipe Sateler, HATAYAMA Daisuke, Jan
+ Pokorný, Jan Synacek, Johnny Robeson, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers,
+ Kefeng Wang, Lennart Poettering, Major Hayden, Marcel
+ Holtmann, Markus Elfring, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Matt
+ Turner, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Namhyung Kim,
+ Nicolas Cornu, Owen W. Taylor, Patrik Flykt, Peter Hutterer,
+ reverendhomer, Richard Maw, Ronny Chevalier, Seth Jennings,
+ Stef Walter, Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe
+ Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Meyer, Tom Gundersen, Vincent Batts,
+ WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-08-27
+
+CHANGES WITH 224:
+
+ * The systemd-efi-boot-generator functionality was merged into
+ systemd-gpt-auto-generator.
+
+ * systemd-networkd now supports Group Policy for vxlan
+ devices. It can be enabled via the new boolean configuration
+ option called 'GroupPolicyExtension='.
+
+ Contributions from: Andreas Kempf, Christian Hesse, Daniel Mack, David
+ Herrmann, Herman Fries, Johannes Nixdorf, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Peter Hutterer, Susant Sahani, Tom Gundersen
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-07-31
+
+CHANGES WITH 223:
+
+ * The python-systemd code has been removed from the systemd repository.
+ A new repository has been created which accommodates the code from
+ now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a separate package
+ for this: https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd
+
+ * The systemd daemon will now reload its main configuration
+ (/etc/systemd/system.conf) on daemon-reload.
+
+ * sd-dhcp now exposes vendor specific extensions via
+ sd_dhcp_lease_get_vendor_specific().
+
+ * systemd-networkd gained a number of new configuration options.
+
+ - A new boolean configuration option for TAP devices called
+ 'VNetHeader='. If set, the IFF_VNET_HDR flag is set for the
+ device, thus allowing to send and receive GSO packets.
+
+ - A new tunnel configuration option called 'CopyDSCP='.
+ If enabled, the DSCP field of ip6 tunnels is copied into the
+ decapsulated packet.
+
+ - A set of boolean bridge configuration options were added.
+ 'UseBPDU=', 'HairPin=', 'FastLeave=', 'AllowPortToBeRoot=',
+ and 'UnicastFlood=' are now parsed by networkd and applied to the
+ respective bridge link device via the respective IFLA_BRPORT_*
+ netlink attribute.
+
+ - A new string configuration option to override the hostname sent
+ to a DHCP server, called 'Hostname='. If set and 'SendHostname='
+ is true, networkd will use the configured hostname instead of the
+ system hostname when sending DHCP requests.
+
+ - A new tunnel configuration option called 'IPv6FlowLabel='. If set,
+ networkd will configure the IPv6 flow-label of the tunnel device
+ according to RFC2460.
+
+ - The 'macvtap' virtual network devices are now supported, similar to
+ the already supported 'macvlan' devices.
+
+ * systemd-resolved now implements RFC5452 to improve resilience against
+ cache poisoning. Additionally, source port randomization is enabled
+ by default to further protect against DNS spoofing attacks.
+
+ * nss-mymachines now supports translating UIDs and GIDs of running
+ containers with user-namespaces enabled. If a container 'foo'
+ translates a host uid 'UID' to the container uid 'TUID', then
+ nss-mymachines will also map uid 'UID' to/from username 'vu-foo-TUID'
+ (with 'foo' and 'TUID' replaced accordingly). Similarly, groups are
+ mapped as 'vg-foo-TGID'.
+
+ Contributions from: Beniamino Galvani, cee1, Christian Hesse, Daniel
+ Buch, Daniel Mack, daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov,
+ HATAYAMA Daisuke, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Alexander Steffens (heftig),
+ Johan Ouwerkerk, Jose Carlos Venegas Munoz, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers,
+ Lennart Poettering, Lidong Zhong, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael
+ Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mike Gilbert, Namhyung Kim,
+ Nick Owens, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, Steven Allen, Sungbae Yoo,
+ Susant Sahani, Thomas Blume, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom
+ Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Vito Caputo,
+ Vivenzio Pagliari, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-07-29
+
+CHANGES WITH 222:
+
+ * udev does not longer support the WAIT_FOR_SYSFS= key in udev rules.
+ There are no known issues with current sysfs, and udev does not need
+ or should be used to work around such bugs.
+
+ * udev does no longer enable USB HID power management. Several reports
+ indicate, that some devices cannot handle that setting.
+
+ * The udev accelerometer helper was removed. The functionality
+ is now fully included in iio-sensor-proxy. But this means,
+ older iio-sensor-proxy versions will no longer provide
+ accelerometer/orientation data with this systemd version.
+ Please upgrade iio-sensor-proxy to version 1.0.
+
+ * networkd gained a new configuration option IPv6PrivacyExtensions=
+ which enables IPv6 privacy extensions (RFC 4941, "Privacy Extensions
+ for Stateless Address") on selected networks.
+
+ * For the sake of fewer build-time dependencies and less code in the
+ main repository, the python bindings are about to be removed in the
+ next release. A new repository has been created which accommodates
+ the code from now on, and we kindly ask distributions to create a
+ separate package for this. The removal will take place in v223.
+
+ https://github.com/systemd/python-systemd
+
+ Contributions from: Abdo Roig-Maranges, Andrew Eikum, Bastien Nocera,
+ Cédric Delmas, Christian Hesse, Christos Trochalakis, Daniel Mack,
+ daurnimator, David Herrmann, Dimitri John Ledkov, Eric Biggers, Eric
+ Cook, Felipe Sateler, Geert Jansen, Gerd Hoffmann, Gianpaolo Macario,
+ Greg Kroah-Hartman, Iago López Galeiras, Jan Alexander Steffens
+ (heftig), Jan Engelhardt, Jay Strict, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
+ Markus Knetschke, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michal
+ Sekletar, Miguel Bernal Marin, Peter Hutterer, Richard Maw, rinrinne,
+ Susant Sahani, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein
+ Husebø, Vedran Miletić, WaLyong Cho, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-07-07
+
+CHANGES WITH 221:
+
+ * The sd-bus.h and sd-event.h APIs have now been declared
+ stable and have been added to the official interface of
+ libsystemd.so. sd-bus implements an alternative D-Bus client
+ library, that is relatively easy to use, very efficient and
+ supports both classic D-Bus as well as kdbus as transport
+ backend. sd-event is a generic event loop abstraction that
+ is built around Linux epoll, but adds features such as event
+ prioritization or efficient timer handling. Both APIs are good
+ choices for C programs looking for a bus and/or event loop
+ implementation that is minimal and does not have to be
+ portable to other kernels.
+
+ * kdbus support is no longer compile-time optional. It is now
+ always built-in. However, it can still be disabled at
+ runtime using the kdbus=0 kernel command line setting, and
+ that setting may be changed to default to off, by specifying
+ --disable-kdbus at build-time. Note though that the kernel
+ command line setting has no effect if the kdbus.ko kernel
+ module is not installed, in which case kdbus is (obviously)
+ also disabled. We encourage all downstream distributions to
+ begin testing kdbus by adding it to the kernel images in the
+ development distributions, and leaving kdbus support in
+ systemd enabled.
+
+ * The minimal required util-linux version has been bumped to
+ 2.26.
+
+ * Support for chkconfig (--enable-chkconfig) was removed in
+ favor of calling an abstraction tool
+ /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install. This needs to be
+ implemented for your distribution. See "SYSV INIT.D SCRIPTS"
+ in README for details.
+
+ * If there's a systemd unit and a SysV init script for the
+ same service name, and the user executes "systemctl enable"
+ for it (or a related call), then this will now enable both
+ (or execute the related operation on both), not just the
+ unit.
+
+ * The libudev API documentation has been converted from gtkdoc
+ into man pages.
+
+ * gudev has been removed from the systemd tree, it is now an
+ external project.
+
+ * The systemd-cgtop tool learnt a new --raw switch to generate
+ "raw" (machine parsable) output.
+
+ * networkd's IPForwarding= .network file setting learnt the
+ new setting "kernel", which ensures that networkd does not
+ change the IP forwarding sysctl from the default kernel
+ state.
+
+ * The systemd-logind bus API now exposes a new boolean
+ property "Docked" that reports whether logind considers the
+ system "docked", i.e. connected to a docking station or not.
+
+ Contributions from: Alex Crawford, Andreas Pokorny, Andrei
+ Borzenkov, Charles Duffy, Colin Guthrie, Cristian Rodríguez,
+ Daniele Medri, Daniel Hahler, Daniel Mack, David Herrmann,
+ David Mohr, Dimitri John Ledkov, Djalal Harouni, dslul, Ed
+ Swierk, Eric Cook, Filipe Brandenburger, Gianpaolo Macario,
+ Harald Hoyer, Iago López Galeiras, Igor Vuk, Jan Synacek,
+ Jason Pleau, Jason S. McMullan, Jean Delvare, Jeff Huang,
+ Jonathan Boulle, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, kloun, Lennart
+ Poettering, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Mario
+ Limonciello, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich,
+ Michal Schmidt, Mike Gilbert, Nick Owens, Pablo Lezaeta Reyes,
+ Patrick Donnelly, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Philip
+ Withnall, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie, Susant Sahani,
+ Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Torstein
+ Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Viktar Vauchkevich, Werner
+ Fink, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-06-19
+
+CHANGES WITH 220:
+
+ * The gudev library has been extracted into a separate repository
+ available at: https://git.gnome.org/browse/libgudev/
+ It is now managed as part of the Gnome project. Distributions
+ are recommended to pass --disable-gudev to systemd and use
+ gudev from the Gnome project instead. gudev is still included
+ in systemd, for now. It will be removed soon, though. Please
+ also see the announcement-thread on systemd-devel:
+ http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2015-May/032070.html
+
+ * systemd now exposes a CPUUsageNSec= property for each
+ service unit on the bus, that contains the overall consumed
+ CPU time of a service (the sum of what each process of the
+ service consumed). This value is only available if
+ CPUAccounting= is turned on for a service, and is then shown
+ in the "systemctl status" output.
+
+ * Support for configuring alternative mappings of the old SysV
+ runlevels to systemd targets has been removed. They are now
+ hardcoded in a way that runlevels 2, 3, 4 all map to
+ multi-user.target and 5 to graphical.target (which
+ previously was already the default behaviour).
+
+ * The auto-mounter logic gained support for mount point
+ expiry, using a new TimeoutIdleSec= setting in .automount
+ units. (Also available as x-systemd.idle-timeout= in /etc/fstab).
+
+ * The EFI System Partition (ESP) as mounted to /boot by
+ systemd-efi-boot-generator will now be unmounted
+ automatically after 2 minutes of not being used. This should
+ minimize the risk of ESP corruptions.
+
+ * New /etc/fstab options x-systemd.requires= and
+ x-systemd.requires-mounts-for= are now supported to express
+ additional dependencies for mounts. This is useful for
+ journalling file systems that support external journal
+ devices or overlay file systems that require underlying file
+ systems to be mounted.
+
+ * systemd does not support direct live-upgrades (via systemctl
+ daemon-reexec) from versions older than v44 anymore. As no
+ distribution we are aware of shipped such old versions in a
+ stable release this should not be problematic.
+
+ * When systemd forks off a new per-connection service instance
+ it will now set the $REMOTE_ADDR environment variable to the
+ remote IP address, and $REMOTE_PORT environment variable to
+ the remote IP port. This behaviour is similar to the
+ corresponding environment variables defined by CGI.
+
+ * systemd-networkd gained support for uplink failure
+ detection. The BindCarrier= option allows binding interface
+ configuration dynamically to the link sense of other
+ interfaces. This is useful to achieve behaviour like in
+ network switches.
+
+ * systemd-networkd gained support for configuring the DHCP
+ client identifier to use when requesting leases.
+
+ * systemd-networkd now has a per-network UseNTP= option to
+ configure whether NTP server information acquired via DHCP
+ is passed on to services like systemd-timesyncd.
+
+ * systemd-networkd gained support for vti6 tunnels.
+
+ * Note that systemd-networkd manages the sysctl variable
+ /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/conf/*/forwarding for each interface
+ it is configured for since v219. The variable controls IP
+ forwarding, and is a per-interface alternative to the global
+ /proc/sys/net/ipv[46]/ip_forward. This setting is
+ configurable in the IPForward= option, which defaults to
+ "no". This means if networkd is used for an interface it is
+ no longer sufficient to set the global sysctl option to turn
+ on IP forwarding! Instead, the .network file option
+ IPForward= needs to be turned on! Note that the
+ implementation of this behaviour was broken in v219 and has
+ been fixed in v220.
+
+ * Many bonding and vxlan options are now configurable in
+ systemd-networkd.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new --property= setting to set unit
+ properties for the container scope. This is useful for
+ setting resource parameters (e.g "CPUShares=500") on
+ containers started from the command line.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new --private-users= switch to make
+ use of user namespacing available on recent Linux kernels.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn may now be called as part of a shell pipeline
+ in which case the pipes used for stdin and stdout are passed
+ directly to the process invoked in the container, without
+ indirection via a pseudo tty.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new switch to control the UNIX
+ signal to use when killing the init process of the container
+ when shutting down.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new --overlay= switch for mounting
+ overlay file systems into the container using the new kernel
+ overlayfs support.
+
+ * When a container image is imported via systemd-importd and
+ the host file system is not btrfs, a loopback block device
+ file is created in /var/lib/machines.raw with a btrfs file
+ system inside. It is then mounted to /var/lib/machines to
+ enable btrfs features for container management. The loopback
+ file and btrfs file system is grown as needed when container
+ images are imported via systemd-importd.
+
+ * systemd-machined/systemd-importd gained support for btrfs
+ quota, to enforce container disk space limits on disk. This
+ is exposed in "machinectl set-limit".
+
+ * systemd-importd now can import containers from local .tar,
+ .raw and .qcow2 images, and export them to .tar and .raw. It
+ can also import dkr v2 images now from the network (on top
+ of v1 as before).
+
+ * systemd-importd gained support for verifying downloaded
+ images with gpg2 (previously only gpg1 was supported).
+
+ * systemd-machined, systemd-logind, systemd: most bus calls
+ are now accessible to unprivileged processes via
+ PolicyKit. Also, systemd-logind will now allow users to kill
+ their own sessions without further privileges or
+ authorization.
+
+ * systemd-shutdownd has been removed. This service was
+ previously responsible for implementing scheduled shutdowns
+ as exposed in /usr/bin/shutdown's time parameter. This
+ functionality has now been moved into systemd-logind and is
+ accessible via a bus interface.
+
+ * "systemctl reboot" gained a new switch --firmware-setup that
+ can be used to reboot into the EFI firmware setup, if that
+ is available. systemd-logind now exposes an API on the bus
+ to trigger such reboots, in case graphical desktop UIs want
+ to cover this functionality.
+
+ * "systemctl enable", "systemctl disable" and "systemctl mask"
+ now support a new "--now" switch. If specified the units
+ that are enabled will also be started, and the ones
+ disabled/masked also stopped.
+
+ * The Gummiboot EFI boot loader tool has been merged into
+ systemd, and renamed to "systemd-boot". The bootctl tool has been
+ updated to support systemd-boot.
+
+ * An EFI kernel stub has been added that may be used to create
+ kernel EFI binaries that contain not only the actual kernel,
+ but also an initrd, boot splash, command line and OS release
+ information. This combined binary can then be signed as a
+ single image, so that the firmware can verify it all in one
+ step. systemd-boot has special support for EFI binaries created
+ like this and can extract OS release information from them
+ and show them in the boot menu. This functionality is useful
+ to implement cryptographically verified boot schemes.
+
+ * Optional support has been added to systemd-fsck to pass
+ fsck's progress report to an AF_UNIX socket in the file
+ system.
+
+ * udev will no longer create device symlinks for all block
+ devices by default. A blacklist for excluding special block
+ devices from this logic has been turned into a whitelist
+ that requires picking block devices explicitly that require
+ device symlinks.
+
+ * A new (currently still internal) API sd-device.h has been
+ added to libsystemd. This modernized API is supposed to
+ replace libudev eventually. In fact, already much of libudev
+ is now just a wrapper around sd-device.h.
+
+ * A new hwdb database for storing metadata about pointing
+ stick devices has been added.
+
+ * systemd-tmpfiles gained support for setting file attributes
+ similar to the "chattr" tool with new 'h' and 'H' lines.
+
+ * systemd-journald will no longer unconditionally set the
+ btrfs NOCOW flag on new journal files. This is instead done
+ with tmpfiles snippet using the new 'h' line type. This
+ allows easy disabling of this logic, by masking the
+ journal-nocow.conf tmpfiles file.
+
+ * systemd-journald will now translate audit message types to
+ human readable identifiers when writing them to the
+ journal. This should improve readability of audit messages.
+
+ * The LUKS logic gained support for the offset= and skip=
+ options in /etc/crypttab, as previously implemented by
+ Debian.
+
+ * /usr/lib/os-release gained a new optional field VARIANT= for
+ distributions that support multiple variants (such as a
+ desktop edition, a server edition, ...)
+
+ Contributions from: Aaro Koskinen, Adam Goode, Alban Crequy,
+ Alberto Fanjul Alonso, Alexander Sverdlin, Alex Puchades, Alin
+ Rauta, Alison Chaiken, Andrew Jones, Arend van Spriel,
+ Benedikt Morbach, Benjamin Franzke, Benjamin Tissoires, Blaž
+ Tomažič, Chris Morgan, Chris Morin, Colin Walters, Cristian
+ Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Drake, Daniele Medri, Daniel
+ Mack, Daniel Mustieles, daurnimator, Davide Bettio, David
+ Herrmann, David Strauss, Didier Roche, Dimitri John Ledkov,
+ Eric Cook, Gavin Li, Goffredo Baroncelli, Hannes Reinecke,
+ Hans de Goede, Hans-Peter Deifel, Harald Hoyer, Iago López
+ Galeiras, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jan
+ Pazdziora, Jan Synacek, Jasper St. Pierre, Jay Faulkner, John
+ Paul Adrian Glaubitz, Jonathon Gilbert, Karel Zak, Kay
+ Sievers, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lucas
+ De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Lukas Rusak, Lukasz Skalski, Łukasz
+ Stelmach, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel
+ Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Chevrier, Matthew Garrett,
+ Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal
+ Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Mirco Tischler, Nir Soffer, Patrik
+ Flykt, Pavel Odvody, Peter Hutterer, Peter Lemenkov, Peter
+ Waller, Piotr Drąg, Raul Gutierrez S, Richard Maw, Ronny
+ Chevalier, Ross Burton, Sebastian Rasmussen, Sergey Ptashnick,
+ Seth Jennings, Shawn Landden, Simon Farnsworth, Stefan Junker,
+ Stephen Gallagher, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefève, Thomas
+ Haller, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tobias Hunger, Tom
+ Gundersen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Will
+ Woods, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+ -- Berlin, 2015-05-22
+
+CHANGES WITH 219:
* Introduce a new API "sd-hwdb.h" for querying the hardware
metadata database. With this minimal interface one can query
* systemd-nspawn gained a new --template= switch. It takes the
path to a container tree to use as template for the tree
- specified via --directory=, should that director be
+ specified via --directory=, should that directory be
missing. This allows instantiating containers dynamically,
on first run. This switch is only available on btrfs file
systems.
decompress bz2, xz, gzip compressed downloads if necessary,
and restore sparse files on disk. The daemon uses privilege
separation to ensure the actual download logic runs with
- fewer privileges than the deamon itself. machinectl has
+ fewer privileges than the daemon itself. machinectl has
gained new commands "pull-tar", "pull-raw" and "pull-dkr" to
make the functionality of importd available to the
user. With this in place the Fedora and Ubuntu "Cloud"
* systemd now provides a way to store file descriptors
per-service in PID 1.This is useful for daemons to ensure
that fds they require are not lost during a daemon
- restart. The fds are passed to the deamon on the next
+ restart. The fds are passed to the daemon on the next
invocation in the same way socket activation fds are
passed. This is now used by journald to ensure that the
various sockets connected to all the system's stdout/stderr
the host as if their services were running directly on the
host.
- * systemd-nspawn's --network-beth switch now gained a short
+ * systemd-nspawn's --network-veth switch now gained a short
version "-n", since with the changes above it is now truly
useful out-of-the-box. The systemd-nspawn@.service has been
updated to make use of it too by default.
* In addition to collecting mouse dpi data in the udev
hardware database, there's now support for collecting angle
information for mouse scroll wheels. The database is
- supposed to guarantee similar scrolling behaviour on mice
+ supposed to guarantee similar scrolling behavior on mice
that it knows about. There's also support for collecting
information about Touchpad types.
of multiple space-separated matches per item.
Contributions from: Alban Crequy, Alin Rauta, Andrey Chaser,
- Bastien Nocera, Carlos Garnacho, Carlos Morata Castillo, Chris
- Atkinson, Chris J. Arges, Christian Seiler, Christoph Brill,
- Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniele
- Medri, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Erik
- Auerswald, Filipe Brandenburger, Frank Theile, Gabor Kelemen,
- Gabriel de Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Hui Wang, Ivan Shapovalov,
- Jan Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, Jay Faulkner, Johannes Hölzl,
- Jonas Ådahl, Jonathan Boulle, Josef Andersson, Kay Sievers,
- Ken Werner, Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn,
- Lukasz Skalski, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas, Manuel
- Mendez, Marcel Holtmann, Marc Schmitzer, Marko Myllynen,
- Martin Pitt, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael
- Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Mindaugas
+ Bastien Nocera, Bruno Bottazzini, Carlos Garnacho, Carlos
+ Morata Castillo, Chris Atkinson, Chris J. Arges, Christian
+ Kirbach, Christian Seiler, Christoph Brill, Colin Guthrie,
+ Colin Walters, Cristian Rodríguez, Daniele Medri, Daniel Mack,
+ Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Djalal Harouni, Erik Auerswald,
+ Filipe Brandenburger, Frank Theile, Gabor Kelemen, Gabriel de
+ Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Hui Wang, Ivan Shapovalov, Jan
+ Engelhardt, Jan Synacek, Jay Faulkner, Johannes Hölzl, Jonas
+ Ådahl, Jonathan Boulle, Josef Andersson, Kay Sievers, Ken
+ Werner, Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Märdian,
+ Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz Skalski, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas,
+ Manuel Mendez, Marcel Holtmann, Marc Schmitzer, Marko
+ Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Maxim Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl,
+ Michael Marineau, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Mindaugas
Baranauskas, Moez Bouhlel, Naveen Kumar, Patrik Flykt, Paul
Martin, Peter Hutterer, Peter Mattern, Philippe De Swert,
Piotr Drąg, Rafael Ferreira, Rami Rosen, Robert Milasan, Ronny
Shawn Landden, Stéphane Graber, Susant Sahani, Sylvain
Plantefève, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tim JP, Tom
Gundersen, Topi Miettinen, Torstein Husebø, Umut Tezduyar
- Lindskog, Veres Lajos, Vincent Batts, Wieland Hoffmann,
- Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+ Lindskog, Veres Lajos, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, Wieland
+ Hoffmann, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
- -- Berlin, 2015-02-??
+ -- Berlin, 2015-02-16
CHANGES WITH 218:
* When querying unit file enablement status (for example via
"systemctl is-enabled"), a new state "indirect" is now known
which indicates that a unit might not be enabled itself, but
- another unit listed in its Alias= setting might be.
+ another unit listed in its Also= setting might be.
* Similar to the various existing ConditionXYZ= settings for
- units there are now matching AssertXYZ= settings. While
+ units, there are now matching AssertXYZ= settings. While
failing conditions cause a unit to be skipped, but its job
to succeed, failing assertions declared like this will cause
a unit start operation and its job to fail.
* hostnamed now knows a new chassis type "embedded".
* systemctl gained a new "edit" command. When used on a unit
- file this allows extending unit files with .d/ drop-in
+ file, this allows extending unit files with .d/ drop-in
configuration snippets or editing the full file (after
copying it from /usr/lib to /etc). This will invoke the
user's editor (as configured with $EDITOR), and reload the
inhibitors.
* Scope and service units gained a new "Delegate" boolean
- property, which when set allows processes running inside the
+ property, which, when set, allows processes running inside the
unit to further partition resources. This is primarily
useful for systemd user instances as well as container
managers.
audit fields are split up and fully indexed. This means that
journalctl in many ways is now a (nicer!) alternative to
ausearch, the traditional audit client. Note that this
- implements only a minimal audit client, if you want the
+ implements only a minimal audit client. If you want the
special audit modes like reboot-on-log-overflow, please use
the traditional auditd instead, which can be used in
parallel to journald.
* journalctl gained two new commands --vacuum-size= and
--vacuum-time= to delete old journal files until the
- remaining ones take up no more the specified size on disk,
+ remaining ones take up no more than the specified size on disk,
or are not older than the specified time.
* A new, native PPPoE library has been added to sd-network,
will spew out warnings if the compilation fails. This
requires libxkbcommon to be installed.
- * When a coredump is collected a larger number of metadata
+ * When a coredump is collected, a larger number of metadata
fields is now collected and included in the journal records
- created for it. More specifically control group membership,
+ created for it. More specifically, control group membership,
environment variables, memory maps, working directory,
chroot directory, /proc/$PID/status, and a list of open file
descriptors is now stored in the log entry.
a fixed machine ID for subsequent boots.
* networkd's .netdev files now provide a large set of
- configuration parameters for VXLAN devices. Similar, the
+ configuration parameters for VXLAN devices. Similarly, the
bridge port cost parameter is now configurable in .network
files. There's also new support for configuring IP source
routing. networkd .link files gained support for a new
* .socket units gained a new DeferAcceptSec= setting that
controls the kernels' TCP_DEFER_ACCEPT sockopt for
- TCP. Similar, support for controlling TCP keep-alive
+ TCP. Similarly, support for controlling TCP keep-alive
settings has been added (KeepAliveTimeSec=,
KeepAliveIntervalSec=, KeepAliveProbes=). Also, support for
turning off Nagle's algorithm on TCP has been added
* tmpfiles learnt a new "L+" directive which creates a symlink
but (unlike "L") deletes a pre-existing file first, should
it already exist and not already be the correct
- symlink. Similar, "b+", "c+" and "p+" directives have been
+ symlink. Similarly, "b+", "c+" and "p+" directives have been
added as well, which create block and character devices, as
well as fifos in the filesystem, possibly removing any
pre-existing files of different types.
open_by_handle_at() is now prohibited for containers,
closing a hole similar to a recently discussed vulnerability
in docker regarding access to files on file hierarchies the
- container should normally not have access to. Note that for
- nspawn we generally make no security claims anyway (and
+ container should normally not have access to. Note that, for
+ nspawn, we generally make no security claims anyway (and
this is explicitly documented in the man page), so this is
just a fix for one of the most obvious problems.
CAP_NET_BROADCAST, CAP_NET_RAW capabilities though, but
loses the ability to write to files owned by root this way.
- * Similar, systemd-resolved now runs under its own
+ * Similarly, systemd-resolved now runs under its own
"systemd-resolve" user with no capabilities remaining.
- * Similar, systemd-bus-proxyd now runs under its own
+ * Similarly, systemd-bus-proxyd now runs under its own
"systemd-bus-proxy" user with only CAP_IPC_OWNER remaining.
* systemd-networkd gained support for setting up "veth"
- virtual ethernet devices for container connectivity, as well
+ virtual Ethernet devices for container connectivity, as well
as GRE and VTI tunnels.
* systemd-networkd will no longer automatically attempt to
* The configuration of network interface naming rules for
"permanent interface names" has changed: a new NamePolicy=
setting in the [Link] section of .link files determines the
- priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, mac,
+ priority of possible naming schemes (onboard, slot, MAC,
path). The default value of this setting is determined by
/usr/lib/net/links/99-default.link. Old
80-net-name-slot.rules udev configuration file has been
devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required
to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead,
it will now look for all devices that are tagged as
- "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will
- be marked as such, but depending on local systems other
+ "seat-master" in udev. By default, framebuffer devices will
+ be marked as such, but depending on local systems, other
devices might be marked as well. This may be used to
integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such
as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that
* HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into
HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting
is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are
- distuingishing between these keys and we should too. This
+ distinguishing between these keys and we should too. This
also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split
into two.
* Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always
overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always
- and unconditionally override vendor supplied or
+ and unconditionally override vendor-supplied or
automatically generated data.
* The various user visible bits of the journal now have man
* Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so
- * Track class of PAM logins to distuingish greeters from
+ * Track class of PAM logins to distinguish greeters from
normal user logins.
Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff