-udev 181
-========
-The udev-acl tool is no longer provided, it will be part of a future
-ConsoleKit release. On systemd systems, advanced ConsoleKit and udev-acl
-functionality are provided by systemd.
+systemd System and Service Manager
+
+CHANGES WITH 203:
+
+ * systemd-nspawn will now create /etc/resolv.conf if
+ necessary, before bind-mounting the host's file onto it.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn will now store meta information about a
+ container on the container's cgroup as extended attribute
+ fields, including the root directory.
+
+ * The cgroup hierarchy has been reworked in many ways. All
+ objects any of the components systemd creates in the cgroup
+ tree is now suffixed. More specifically, user sessions are
+ now placed in cgroups suffixed with ".session", users in
+ cgroups suffixed with ".user", and nspawn containers in
+ cgroups suffixed with ".nspawn". Furthermore, all cgroup
+ names are now escaped in a simple scheme to avoid collision
+ of userspace object names with kernel filenames. This work
+ is preparation for making these objects relocatable in the
+ cgroup tree, in order to allow easy resource partitioning of
+ these objects without causing naming conflicts.
+
+ * systemctl list-dependencies gained the new switches
+ --plain, --reverse, --after and --before.
+
+ * systemd-inhibit now shows the process name of processes that
+ have taken an inhibitor lock.
+
+ * nss-myhostname will now also resolve "localhost"
+ implicitly. This makes /etc/hosts an optional file and
+ nicely handles that on IPv6 ::1 maps to both "localhost" and
+ the local hostname.
+
+ * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call
+ sd_get_machine_names() to enumerate running containers and
+ VMs (currently only supported by very new libvirt and
+ nspawn). sd_login_monitor can now be used to watch
+ VMs/containers coming and going.
+
+ * .include is not allowed recursively anymore, and only in
+ unit files. Usually it is better to use drop-in snippets in
+ .d/*.conf anyway, as introduced with systemd 198.
+
+ * systemd-analyze gained a new "critical-chain" command that
+ determines the slowest chain of units run during system
+ boot-up. It is very useful for tracking down where
+ optimizing boot time is the most beneficial.
+
+ * systemd will no longer allow manipulating service paths in
+ the name=systemd:/system cgroup tree using ControlGroup= in
+ units. (But is still fine with it in all other dirs.)
+
+ * There's a new systemd-nspawn@.service service file that may
+ be used to easily run nspawn containers as system
+ services. With the container's root directory in
+ /var/lib/container/foobar it is now sufficient to run
+ "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foobar.service" to boot it.
+
+ * systemd-cgls gained a new parameter "--machine" to list only
+ the processes within a certain container.
+
+ * ConditionSecurity= now can check for "apparmor". We still
+ are lacking checks for SMACK and IMA for this condition
+ check though. Patches welcome!
+
+ * A new configuration file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf has been
+ added that may be used to configure which kernel operation
+ systemd is supposed to execute when "suspend", "hibernate"
+ or "hybrid-sleep" is requested. This makes the new kernel
+ "freeze" state accessible to the user.
+
+ * ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} in udev rules will now implicitly escape
+ the passed argument if applicable.
+
+ Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters,
+ Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner,
+ Evangelos Foutras, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Josh
+ Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn,
+ MUNEDA Takahiro, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel
+ Chen, Nirbheek Chauhan, Ronny Chevalier, Ross Lagerwall, Tom
+ Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 202:
+
+ * The output of 'systemctl list-jobs' got some polishing. The
+ '--type=' argument may now be passed more than once. A new
+ command 'systemctl list-sockets' has been added which shows
+ a list of kernel sockets systemd is listening on with the
+ socket units they belong to, plus the units these socket
+ units activate.
+
+ * The experimental libsystemd-bus library got substantial
+ updates to work in conjunction with the (also experimental)
+ kdbus kernel project. It works well enough to exchange
+ messages with some sophistication. Note that kdbus is not
+ ready yet, and the library is mostly an elaborate test case
+ for now, and not installable.
+
+ * systemd gained a new unit 'systemd-static-nodes.service'
+ that generates static device nodes earlier during boot, and
+ can run in conjunction with udev.
+
+ * libsystemd-login gained a new call sd_pid_get_user_unit()
+ to retrieve the user systemd unit a process is running
+ in. This is useful for systems where systemd is used as
+ session manager.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn now places all containers in the new /machine
+ top-level cgroup directory in the name=systemd
+ hierarchy. libvirt will soon do the same, so that we get a
+ uniform separation of /system, /user and /machine for system
+ services, user processes and containers/virtual
+ machines. This new cgroup hierarchy is also useful to stick
+ stable names to specific container instances, which can be
+ recognized later this way (this name may be controlled
+ via systemd-nspawn's new -M switch). libsystemd-login also
+ gained a new call sd_pid_get_machine_name() to retrieve the
+ name of the container/VM a specific process belongs to.
+
+ * bootchart can now store its data in the journal.
+
+ * libsystemd-journal gained a new call
+ sd_journal_add_conjunction() for AND expressions to the
+ matching logic. This can be used to express more complex
+ logical expressions.
+
+ * journactl can now take multiple --unit= and --user-unit=
+ switches.
+
+ * The cryptsetup logic now understands the "luks.key=" kernel
+ command line switch for specifying a file to read the
+ decryption key from. Also, if a configured key file is not
+ found the tool will now automatically fall back to prompting
+ the user.
+
+ * Python systemd.journal module was updated to wrap recently
+ added functions from libsystemd-journal. The interface was
+ changed to bring the low level interface in s.j._Reader
+ closer to the C API, and the high level interface in
+ s.j.Reader was updated to wrap and convert all data about
+ an entry.
+
+ Contributions from: Anatol Pomozov, Auke Kok, Harald Hoyer,
+ Henrik Grindal Bakken, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas Marius Vollmer,
+ Martin Jansa, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt,
+ Mirco Tischler, Pali Rohar, Simon Peeters, Steven Hiscocks,
+ Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 201:
+
+ * journalctl --update-catalog now understands a new --root=
+ option to operate on catalogs found in a different root
+ directory.
+
+ * During shutdown after systemd has terminated all running
+ services a final killing loop kills all remaining left-over
+ processes. We will now print the name of these processes
+ when we send SIGKILL to them, since this usually indicates a
+ problem.
+
+ * If /etc/crypttab refers to password files stored on
+ configured mount points automatic dependencies will now be
+ generated to ensure the specific mount is established first
+ before the key file is attempted to be read.
+
+ * 'systemctl status' will now show information about the
+ network sockets a socket unit is listening on.
+
+ * 'systemctl status' will also shown information about any
+ drop-in configuration file for units. (Drop-In configuration
+ files in this context are files such as
+ /etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf)
+
+ * systemd-cgtop now optionally shows summed up CPU times of
+ cgroups. Press '%' while running cgtop to switch between
+ percentage and absolute mode. This is useful to determine
+ which cgroups use up the most CPU time over the entire
+ runtime of the system. systemd-cgtop has also been updated
+ to be 'pipeable' for processing with further shell tools.
+
+ * 'hostnamectl set-hostname' will now allow setting of FQDN
+ hostnames.
+
+ * The formatting and parsing of time span values has been
+ changed. The parser now understands fractional expressions
+ such as "5.5h". The formatter will now output fractional
+ expressions for all time spans under 1min, i.e. "5.123456s"
+ rather than "5s 123ms 456us". For time spans under 1s
+ millisecond values are shown, for those under 1ms
+ microsecond values are shown. This should greatly improve
+ all time-related output of systemd.
+
+ * libsystemd-login and libsystemd-journal gained new
+ functions for querying the poll() events mask and poll()
+ timeout value for integration into arbitrary event
+ loops.
+
+ * localectl gained the ability to list available X11 keymaps
+ (models, layouts, variants, options).
+
+ * 'systemd-analyze dot' gained the ability to filter for
+ specific units via shell-style globs, to create smaller,
+ more useful graphs. I.e. it's now possible to create simple
+ graphs of all the dependencies between only target units, or
+ of all units that Avahi has dependencies with.
+
+ Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Dr. Tilmann Bubeck,
+ Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, Kelly
+ Anderson, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Maksim Melnikau,
+ Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marius Vollmer, Martin Pitt, Michal
+ Schmidt, Oleksii Shevchuk, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie,
+ Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Weißschuh, Umut Tezduyar, Václav
+ Pavlín, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Łukasz Stelmach
+
+CHANGES WITH 200:
+
+ * The boot-time readahead implementation for rotating media
+ will now read the read-ahead data in multiple passes which
+ consist of all read requests made in equidistant time
+ intervals. This means instead of strictly reading read-ahead
+ data in its physical order on disk we now try to find a
+ middle ground between physical and access time order.
+
+ * /etc/os-release files gained a new BUILD_ID= field for usage
+ on operating systems that provide continuous builds of OS
+ images.
+
+ Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers,
+ Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin Pitt, Václav Pavlín
+ William Douglas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 199:
+
+ * systemd-python gained an API exposing libsystemd-daemon.
+
+ * The SMACK setup logic gained support for uploading CIPSO
+ security policy.
+
+ * Behaviour of PrivateTmp=, ReadWriteDirectories=,
+ ReadOnlyDirectories= and InaccessibleDirectories= has
+ changed. The private /tmp and /var/tmp directories are now
+ shared by all processes of a service (which means
+ ExecStartPre= may now leave data in /tmp that ExecStart= of
+ the same service can still access). When a service is
+ stopped its temporary directories are immediately deleted
+ (normal clean-up with tmpfiles is still done in addition to
+ this though).
+
+ * By default, systemd will now set a couple of sysctl
+ variables in the kernel: the safe sysrq options are turned
+ on, IP route verification is turned on, and source routing
+ disabled. The recently added hardlink and softlink
+ protection of the kernel is turned on. These settings should
+ be reasonably safe, and good defaults for all new systems.
+
+ * The predictable network naming logic may now be turned off
+ with a new kernel command line switch: net.ifnames=0.
+
+ * A new libsystemd-bus module has been added that implements a
+ pretty complete D-Bus client library. For details see:
+
+ http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-March/009797.html
+
+ * journald will now explicitly flush the journal files to disk
+ at the latest 5min after each write. The file will then also
+ be marked offline until the next write. This should increase
+ reliability in case of a crash. The synchronization delay
+ can be configured via SyncIntervalSec= in journald.conf.
+
+ * There's a new remote-fs-setup.target unit that can be used
+ to pull in specific services when at least one remote file
+ system is to be mounted.
+
+ * There are new targets timers.target and paths.target as
+ canonical targets to pull user timer and path units in
+ from. This complements sockets.target with a similar
+ purpose for socket units.
+
+ * libudev gained a new call udev_device_set_attribute_value()
+ to set sysfs attributes of a device.
+
+ * The udev daemon now sets the default number of worker
+ processes executed in parallel based on the number of available
+ CPUs instead of the amount of available RAM. This is supposed
+ to provide a more reliable default and limit a too aggressive
+ paralellism for setups with 1000s of devices connected.
+
+ Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Walters, Cristian
+ Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Hannes
+ Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan
+ Engelhardt, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
+ Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Bridon, Michael Biebl,
+ Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nathaniel Chen,
+ Oleksii Shevchuk, Ozan Çağlayan, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel
+ Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar,
+ Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 198:
+
+ * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in
+ files without having to edit/override the unit files
+ themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to
+ change one value for a service file foobar.service he can
+ now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into
+ /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic
+ will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the
+ main unit configuration file, possibly extending or
+ overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is
+ generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing
+ unit files locally: copying the files from
+ /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing
+ them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/
+ that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in
+ snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any
+ directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual
+ overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply
+ for them too.
+
+ * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be
+ reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example,
+ normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new
+ environment variable assignment to the environment block,
+ each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty
+ string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is
+ particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets
+ mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list
+ settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins.
+
+ * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for
+ listing the dependencies of a unit recursively.
+
+ * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl
+ suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only
+ GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by
+ other users.
+
+ * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group
+ controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime
+ for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command
+ like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares
+ 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These
+ settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the
+ administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of
+ services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource
+ management logic is also available to other programs via the
+ bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is
+ supported.
+
+ * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to
+ all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to
+ the foreground VT.
+
+ * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API
+ call.
+
+ * This release drops support for a few legacy or
+ distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init
+ scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent,
+ $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp,
+ $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing
+ this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain
+ compatibility with this should carry the burden for
+ supporting this themselves and patch support for these back
+ in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and
+ $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support
+ early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities
+ are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has
+ also been removed.
+
+ * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for
+ cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously,
+ both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot
+ objects themselves.
+
+ * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support.
+
+ * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf
+ now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as
+ last character in the line, similar in style (but different)
+ to how this is supported in shells.
+
+ * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is
+ now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl
+ has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a
+ user systemd instance.
+
+ * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and
+ CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for
+ the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified
+ Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires
+ audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in
+ kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in
+ context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out
+ of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed
+ one day for good in the kernel.
+
+ * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to
+ bind mount specific directories from the host into the
+ container.
+
+ * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance
+ into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from
+ the host into the container.
+
+ * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance
+ information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader
+ supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance
+ analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported
+ only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported
+ by other boot loaders too. For details see:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface
+
+ * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the
+ EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory
+ exists, is empty, and no other file system has been
+ configured to be mounted there.
+
+ * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out
+ unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be
+ used by applications as asynchronous notification for
+ system resume events.
+
+ * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows
+ unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar
+ how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users
+ sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions().
+
+ * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a
+ seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for
+ the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics
+ card).
+
+ * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows
+ configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that
+ shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging").
+
+ * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only
+ at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a
+ later "change" event.
+
+ * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses
+ now carry a message ID.
+
+ * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this
+ continues to be work in progress.
+
+ * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the
+ root directory to operate relative to.
+
+ * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel
+ early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early
+ instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown
+ times a little.
+
+ * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for
+ certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview
+ and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon
+ like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by
+ graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and
+ request boot into firmware operations.
+
+ * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match
+ the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work
+ correctly in initrds.
+
+ * Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now
+ also compile time optional via a configure switch.
+
+ * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl
+ dot" has moved into systemd-analyze.
+
+ * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print
+ the status of all active or failed units.
+
+ * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed
+ with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue
+ operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later
+ job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown
+ requests more robust.
+
+ * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for
+ reading journal files.
+
+ * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install
+ kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec
+
+ * Boot time console output has been improved to provide
+ animated boot time output for hanging jobs.
+
+ * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used
+ to test socket activation with, directly from the command
+ line. This should make it much easier to test and debug
+ socket activation in daemons.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show
+ journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first).
+
+ * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump
+ to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the
+ pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less".
+
+ * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works
+ similar to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than
+ system units.
+
+ * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in
+ initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from
+ the various initrd implementations into systemd proper.
+
+ * The journal files are now owned by a new group
+ "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access
+ to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the
+ "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more
+ than just journal/log file access. This new group is now
+ already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this
+ daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else
+ as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs
+ up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read
+ access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns
+ the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also
+ add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and
+ all existing/future journal files. To normal users and
+ administrators little changes, however packagers need to
+ ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at
+ package installation time.
+
+ * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user
+ systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging
+ scripts need to create these system user/group at
+ installation time.
+
+ * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that
+ indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not.
+
+ * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs
+
+ * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is
+ available.
+
+ * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also
+ load SMACK policies at early boot.
+
+ Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke
+ Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch,
+ Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss,
+ Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer,
+ Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
+ Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin
+ Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael
+ Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil,
+ Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor
+ Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob
+ Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven
+ Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
+ Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak)
+
+CHANGES WITH 197:
+
+ * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to
+ monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit
+ based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri
+ 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first
+ or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is
+ a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support
+ considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on
+ the supported calendar time specification language see
+ systemd.time(7).
+
+ * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for
+ network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination
+ of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki
+ document for details:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames
+
+ * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the
+ systemd tree. It's an optional component that can graph the
+ boot in quite some detail. It's one of the best bootchart
+ implementations around and minimal in its code and
+ dependencies.
+
+ * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source
+ tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname
+ always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak
+ requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and
+ since its code is actually trivial we decided to just
+ include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off
+ with a configure switch.
+
+ * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting
+ whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in
+ order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was
+ only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems
+ such as ext4.
+
+ * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the
+ IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company
+ identities are attached to the devices as well.
+
+ * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is
+ replaced by the configured user name of the service.
+
+ * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This
+ makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This
+ may be used to set up a simple containerized server system
+ using only core OS tools.
+
+ * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors
+ when they are started for socket activation. This enables
+ implementation of socket activated nspawn
+ containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image
+ when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect
+ that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc
+ eventually.
+
+ * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when
+ presenting log data.
+
+ * systemctl will no longer show control group information for
+ a unit if a the control group is empty anyway.
+
+ * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the
+ system on idle.
+
+ * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis
+ type of the system. This can be used to determine whether
+ the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or
+ tablet. This information may either be configured by the
+ user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI
+ information if possible.
+
+ * A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with
+ "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because
+ many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well.
+
+ * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which
+ may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an
+ AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system
+ is running on battery power.
+
+ * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in
+ shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit
+ is in the "failed" state.
+
+ * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file
+ globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of
+ environment files at once.
+
+ * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific
+ distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been
+ removed, systemd is now fully generic and
+ distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as
+ a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure
+ switches. However, support for some distribution specific
+ legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We
+ recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration
+ files everybody else uses now and convert the old
+ configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions
+ already did that. If that's not possible or desirable,
+ distributions are welcome to forward port the specific
+ pieces of code locally from the git history.
+
+ * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always
+ log the unit name in the message meta data.
+
+ * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is
+ not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked.
+
+ * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer
+ devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required
+ to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead,
+ it will now look for all devices that are tagged as
+ "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will
+ be marked as such, but depending on local systems other
+ devices might be marked as well. This may be used to
+ integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such
+ as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that
+ we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead,
+ and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be
+ shipped from us upstream.
+
+ Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke
+ Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David
+ Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra,
+ Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik
+ Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann,
+ Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry,
+ Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg
+ Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar
+ Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn
+ Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch,
+ Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 196:
+
+ * udev gained support for loading additional device properties
+ from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs
+ and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this
+ "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and
+ USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In
+ the longer run this indexed database shall grow into
+ becoming the one central database for non-essential
+ userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB
+ database was only attached to select devices, since the
+ lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time
+ complexity (with n being the number of entries in the
+ database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this
+ data for all devices where this is available, by
+ default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt
+ when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need
+ to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb
+ --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For
+ RPM-based distributions we introduced the new
+ %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose.
+
+ * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an
+ indexed database to link up additional information with
+ journal entries. For further details please check:
+
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog
+
+ The indexed message catalog database also needs to be
+ rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use
+ "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based
+ distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update
+ macro for this purpose.
+
+ * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard
+ Python logging framework.
+
+ * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether
+ the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of
+ properly reporting file change notifications, or whether
+ applications that want to reflect journal changes "live"
+ need to recheck journal files continuously in appropriate
+ time intervals.
+
+ * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles
+ entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry
+ shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up.
+
+ * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb
+ right-away on the selected coredump.
+
+ * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that
+ support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use
+ "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this.
+
+ * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings)
+ now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply
+ request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of
+ actually executing a suspend or hibernation.
+
+ * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by
+ default.
+
+ * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the
+ SMACK security label.
+
+ * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next
+ daylight saving change.
+
+ * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific
+ concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services
+ (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S')
+ or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the
+ distributions who still need support this to either continue
+ to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a
+ different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!)
+
+ * Various systemd components will now bypass PolicyKit checks
+ for root and otherwise handle properly if PolicyKit is not
+ found to be around. This should fix most issues for
+ PolicyKit-less systems. Quite frankly this should have been
+ this way since day one. It is absolutely our intention to
+ make systemd work fine on PolicyKit-less systems, and we
+ consider it a bug if something doesn't work as it should if
+ PolicyKit is not around.
+
+ * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and
+ systemd without blkid and/or kmod support.
+
+ * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root
+ more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the
+ initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to
+ further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement
+ offline updating tools.
+
+ * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros
+ shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after
+ installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir,
+ %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir,
+ %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right
+ directories for packages to place various data files in.
+
+ * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to
+ --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages.
+
+ Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel,
+ Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner,
+ Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers,
+ Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas,
+ Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl,
+ Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen,
+ Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas
+ Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony
+ Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 195:
+
+ * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to
+ filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for
+ units via --unit=/-u.
+
+ * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the
+ right thing.
+
+ * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and
+ vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based
+ rotation.
+
+ * The journal will now index the available field values for
+ each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop
+ downs of available match values when filtering. The bash
+ completion of journalctl has been updated
+ accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all
+ values a certain field takes in the journal database.
+
+ * More service events are now written as structured messages
+ to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs.
+
+ * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which
+ previously only provided support for changing time, locale
+ and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now
+ also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client
+ utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing
+ these settings from the command line now, especially since
+ it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash
+ completion.
+
+ * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and
+ extract coredumps from the journal.
+
+ * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and
+ /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init
+ scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to
+ that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and
+ scratch their heads.
+
+ * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the
+ $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd.
+
+ * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result
+ in immediate termination of systemd.
+
+ * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a
+ "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering.
+
+ * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed
+ information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and
+ mouse screen support has been added.
+
+ * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON
+ Server-Sent-Events as output.
+
+ * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now
+ heuristically determine whether a script supports the
+ "reload" verb, and only then make this available as
+ "systemctl reload".
+
+ * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl
+ -u" instead.
+
+ * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings
+ have been removed since they are hardly useful to be
+ configured.
+
+ * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention
+ Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock!
+
+ Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin
+ Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc
+ Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas
+ Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich,
+ Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas
+ Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич
+
+CHANGES WITH 194:
+
+ * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no
+ longer load any console font or key map at boot by
+ default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left
+ intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no
+ configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding
+ font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad
+ idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be
+ good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to
+ the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them
+ with. If distributions want to continue to default to a
+ non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default
+ /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents.
+
+ Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave
+ Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef
+ Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 193:
+
+ * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries
+ starting from the specified location in the journal.
+
+ * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported
+ with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be
+ assigned null. This can be turned off with --all.
+
+ * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as
+ "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides
+ access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality
+ will be used to implement live log synchronization in both
+ pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such
+ as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right
+ now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP:
+
+ # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service
+ # wget http://localhost:19531/entries
+
+ This will download the journal contents in a
+ /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON:
+
+ # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries
+
+ This service is also accessible via a web browser where a
+ single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic
+ to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the
+ journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example
+ screenshot of this app in its current state:
+
+ http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd
+
+ Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert
+ Milasan, Tom Gundersen
+
+CHANGES WITH 192:
+
+ * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl
+ too.
+
+ * We don't mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with
+ "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be
+ started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence
+ broke code that assumed it it could create "cpu" groups and
+ just start them.
+
+ * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes,
+ and line break accordingly.
+
+ Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín
+
+CHANGES WITH 191:
+
+ * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the
+ container environment, copying the host's timezone
+ setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but
+ since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been
+ changed to create/update the appropriate symlink.
+
+ * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and
+ will default to 10 if omitted.
+
+ * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may
+ take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default
+ built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file
+ system size is used. Use "systemctl status
+ systemd-journald.service" to see this information.
+
+ * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X
+ is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a
+ seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary
+ anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped
+ until the upstream display managers have been updated to
+ fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be
+ removed entirely in one of the next releases.
+
+ * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into
+ HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting
+ is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are
+ distuingishing between these keys and we should too. This
+ also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split
+ into two.
+
+ Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín
+
+CHANGES WITH 190:
+
+ * Whenever a unit changes state we'll now log this to the
+ journal and show along the unit's own log output in
+ "systemctl status".
+
+ * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind
+ mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file
+ system to another place in the same file system could not be
+ detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev
+ field.)
+
+ * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct,
+ cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by
+ default.
+
+ * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot
+ ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted
+ over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This
+ has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing
+ in a container.
+
+ * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not
+ to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one
+ JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON
+ parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode
+ "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but
+ neatly aligned for readability by humans.
+
+ * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown
+ code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel
+ reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility
+ no-op.
+
+ * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as
+ supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if
+ CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also,
+ nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the
+ container if the containerized OS asks for that.
+
+ * journalctl will only show local log output by default
+ now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too.
+
+ * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage()
+ call to determine the current disk usage of all journal
+ files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage"
+ command.
+
+ * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in
+ journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals
+ are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details.
+
+ * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added.
+
+ * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write
+ multiple files at once.
+
+ * We added Python bindings for the journal submission
+ APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will
+ likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings
+ only for the Python language, as we consider it common
+ enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are
+ various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings
+ for languages such as PHP or Lua.
+
+ * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In
+ addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units
+ now support specifiers as well.
+
+ * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset
+ dir: %_presetdir.
+
+ * journald will now warn if it can't forward a message to the
+ syslog daemon because it's socket is full.
+
+ * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone,
+ except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr
+ anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe,
+ and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary
+ anymore.
+
+ * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6
+ by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where
+ started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys,
+ so that no text gettys were available anymore.
+
+ * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic
+ about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make
+ simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work.
+
+ * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default
+ (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel
+ default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening
+ sockets.
+
+ * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the
+ kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone
+ is changed.
+
+ * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default,
+ logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep
+ keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want
+ to handle these events on their own they should take the new
+ handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch
+ inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achiveve
+ that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of:
+
+ systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ...
+
+ * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking
+ the unit file label and client process label into account.
+
+ * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal
+ when he over-mounts a non-empty directory.
+
+ * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files,
+ for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID
+ (%b).
+
+ Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips,
+ Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner,
+ Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas,
+ Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz,
+ Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen,
+ Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
+
+CHANGES WITH 189:
+
+ * Support for reading structured kernel messages from
+ /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default.
+
+ * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now
+ been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal
+ make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports
+ reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see
+ above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic
+ syslog daemons again.
+
+ * The libudev API gained the new
+ udev_device_new_from_device_id() call.
+
+ * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=,
+ ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to
+ require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary
+ directories are created below /tmp for this feature.
+
+ * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts
+ made on the host OS below the root file system of the
+ container.
+
+ * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files,
+ which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so
+ that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this
+ being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about
+ this explaining it in more detail.
+
+ * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus=
+ and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit
+ status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the
+ restart logic, resp. consider successful.
+
+ * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used
+ to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and
+ (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of
+ journal files.
+
+ * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/
+ and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells
+ as container init process a lot more fun.
-Rules files in /etc/udev/rules.s/ with the same name as rules files in
-/run/udev/rules.d/ now always have precedence. The stack of files is now:
-/usr/lib (package), /run (runtime, auto-generated), /etc (admin), while
-the later ones override the earlier ones. In other words: the admin has
-always the last say.
+ * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL=
+ entries.
+ * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match
+ against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is
+ useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to
+ provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly
+ different sets of services.
-udev 181
-========
-Require kmod version 5.
+ * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a
+ failure state.
-Provide /dev/cdrom symlink for /dev/sr0.
+ Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang
+ Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin
+ Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
-udev 180
-========
-Fix for ID_PART_ENTRY_* property names, added by the blkid built-in. The
-fix is needed for udisk2 to operate properly.
+CHANGES WITH 188:
-Fix for skipped rule execution when the kernel has removed the device
-node in /dev again, before the event was even started. The fix is needed
-to run device-mapper/LVM events properly.
+ * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a
+ subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps
+ tree a lot more organized.
-Fix for the man page installation, which was skipped when xsltproc was not
-installed.
+ * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that
+ may be used to group services in a natural way.
-udev 179
-========
-Bugfix for $name resolution, which broke at least some keymap handling.
+ * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of
+ services.
-udev 178
-========
-Bugfix for the firmware loading behavior with kernel modules which
-try to load firmware in the module_init() path. The blocked event
-runs into a timout now, which should allow the firmware to be loaded.
+ * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and
+ warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports
+ filtering by log level now.
-Bugfix for a wrong DEVNAME= export, which breaks at least the udev-acl
-tool.
+ * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure
+ the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained
+ -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input).
-Bugfix for missing ID_ properties for GPT partitions.
+ * The suffix ".service" may now be omitted on most systemctl
+ command lines involving service unit names.
-The RUN+="socket:.." option is deprecated and should not be used. A warning
-during rules parsing is printed now. Services which listen to udev events,
-need to subscribe to the netlink messages with libudev and not let udev block
-in the rules execution until the message is delivered.
+ * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as
+ well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions".
-udev 177
-========
-Bugfix for rule_generator instalation.
+ * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror()
+ that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal
+ and encodes structured information about the error number.
-udev 176
-========
-The 'devtmpfs' filesystem is required now, udev will not create or delete
-device nodes anymore, it only adjusts permissions and ownership of device
-nodes and maintains additional symlinks.
+ * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size=
+ option.
-A writable /run directory (ususally tmpfs) is required now for a fully
-functional udev, there is no longer a fallback to /dev/.udev.
+ * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when
+ a shutdown is cancelled.
-The default 'configure' install locations have changed. Packages for systems
-with the historic / vs. /usr split need to be adapted, otherwise udev will
-be installed in /usr and not work properly. Example configuration options
-to install things the traditional way are in INSTALL.
+ * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now
+ default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work
+ nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from
+ the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount
+ --make-rprivate /" if needed.
-The default install location of the 'udevadm' tool moved from 'sbin'
-to /usr/bin. Some tools expect udevadm in 'sbin', a symlink to udevadm
-needs to be manually created if needed, or --bindir=/sbin be specified.
+ * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions
+ should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep
+ it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files
+ for display managers instead.
-The expected value of '--libexecdir=' has changed and must no longer contain
-the 'udev' directory.
+ * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now
+ default to a number of compiler switches that improve
+ security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack
+ protection, and suchlike.
-Kernel modules are now loaded directly by linking udev to 'libkmod'. The
-'modprobe' tool is no longer executed by udev.
+ * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into
+ TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration
+ of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of
+ the service.
-The 'blkid' tool is no longer executed from udev rules. Udev links
-directly to libblkid now.
+ Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke
+ Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer,
+ Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas
+ Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter
+ Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom
+ Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
-Firmware is loaded natively by udev now, the external 'firmware' binary
-is no longer used.
+CHANGES WITH 187:
-All built-in tools can be listed and tested with 'udevadm test-builtin'.
+ * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man
+ pages.
-The 'udevadm control --reload-rules' option has been renamed to '--reload'.
-It now also reloads the kernel module configuration.
+ * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from
+ the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental
+ data loss.
-The systemd socket files use PassCredentials=yes, which is available in
-systemd version 38.
+ * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset=
+ option.
-The udev build system only creates a .xz tarball now.
+ * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state.
-All tabs in the source code used for indentation are replaced by spaces now. :)
+ * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to
+ make writing synchronous journal clients easier.
-udev 175
-========
-Bugfixes.
+ * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a
+ specific directory.
-udev 174
-========
-Bugfixes.
+ * journalctl now displays a special marker between log
+ messages of two different boots.
-The udev daemon moved to /lib/udev/udevd. Non-systemd init systems
-and non-dracut initramfs image generators need to change the init
-scripts. Alternatively the udev build needs to move udevd back to
-/sbin or create a symlink in /sbin, which is not done by default.
+ * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service
+ systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply
+ by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable.
-The path_id, usb_id, input_id tools are built-in commands now and
-the stand-alone tools do not exist anymore. Static lists of file in
-initramfs generators need to be updated. For testing, the commands
-can still be executed standalone with 'udevadm test-builtin <cmd>'.
+ * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much
+ more complex expressions, with alternatives and
+ disjunctions.
-The fusectl filesystem is no longer mounted directly from udev.
-Systemd systems will take care of mounting fusectl and configfs
-now. Non-systemd systems need to ship their own rule if they
-need these filesystems auto-mounted.
-
-The long deprecated keys: SYSFS=, ID=, BUS= have been removed.
+ * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main
+ system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to
+ ensure no processes stay around by accident.
-The support for 'udevadm trigger --type=failed, and the
-RUN{fail_event_on_error} attribute was removed.
+ * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s
+ resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user
+ shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances.
-The udev control socket is now created in /run/udev/control
-and no longer as an abstract namespace one.
+ * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data
+ object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the
+ hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This
+ together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus
+ speed things up a bit.
-The rules to create persistent network interface and cdrom link
-rules automatically in /etc/udev/rules.d/ have been disabled by
-default. Explicit configuration will be required for these use
-cases, udev will no longer try to write any persistent system
-configuration from a device hotplug path.
+ * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect
+ header data of journal files.
-udev 173
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The udev-acl extra is no longer enabled by default now. To enable it,
---enable-udev_acl needs to be given at ./configure time. On systemd
-systems, the udev-acl rules prevent it from running as the functionality
-has moved to systemd.
+ * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services
+ which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to
+ system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5.
-udev 172
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Udev now enables kernel media-presence polling if available. Part
-of udisks optical drive tray-handling moved to cdrom_id: The tray
-is locked as soon as a media is detected to enable the receiving
-of media-eject-request events. Media-eject-request events will
-eject the media.
-
-Libudev enumerate is now able to enumerate a subtree of a given
-device.
-
-The mobile-action-modeswitch modeswitch tool was deleted. The
-functionality is provided by usb_modeswitch now.
+ * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j)
+ to link the container journal with the host. This makes it
+ very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all
+ guests while still keeping the journal files separated.
-udev 171
-========
-Bugfixes.
+ * Many bugfixes and optimizations
-The systemd service files require systemd version 28. The systemd
-socket activation make it possible now to start 'udevd' and 'udevadm
-trigger' in parallel.
+ Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay
+ Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex
+ Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew
+ Jędrzejewski-Szmek
-udev 170
-========
-Fix bug in control message handling, which can lead to a failing
-udevadm control --exit. Thanks to Jürg Billeter for help tracking
-it down.
-
-udev 169
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-We require at least Linux kernel 2.6.32 now. Some platforms might
-require a later kernel that supports accept4() and similar, or
-need to backport the trivial syscall wiring to the older kernels.
-
-The hid2hci tool moved to the bluez package and was removed.
-
-Many of the extras can be --enable/--disabled at ./configure
-time. The --disable-extras option was removed. Some extras have
-been disabled by default. The current options and their defaults
-can be checked with './configure --help'.
-
-udev 168
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Udev logs a warning now if /run is not writable at udevd
-startup. It will still fall back to /dev/.udev, but this is
-now considered a bug.
-
-The running udev daemon can now cleanly shut down with:
- udevadm control --exit
-
-Udev in initramfs should clean the state of the udev database
-with: udevadm info --cleanup-db which will remove all state left
-behind from events/rules in initramfs. If initramfs uses
---cleanup-db and device-mapper/LVM, the rules in initramfs need
-to add OPTIONS+="db_persist" for all dm devices. This will
-prevent removal of the udev database for these devices.
-
-Spawned programs by PROGRAM/IMPORT/RUN now have a hard timeout of
-120 seconds per process. If that timeout is reached the spawned
-process will be killed. The event timeout can be overwritten with
-udev rules.
-
-If systemd is used, udev gets now activated by netlink data.
-Systemd will bind the netlink socket which will buffer all data.
-If needed, such setup allows a seemless update of the udev daemon,
-where no event can be lost during a udevd update/restart.
-Packages need to make sure to: systemctl stop udev.socket udev.service
-or 'mask' udev.service during the upgrade to prevent any unwanted
-auto-spawning of udevd.
-This version of udev conflicts with systemd version below 25. The
-unchanged service files will not wirk correctly.
-
-udev 167
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The udev runtime data moved from /dev/.udev/ to /run/udev/. The
-/run mountpoint is supposed to be a tmpfs mounted during early boot,
-available and writable to for all tools at any time during bootup,
-it replaces /var/run/, which should become a symlink some day.
-
-If /run does not exist, or is not writable, udev will fall back using
-/dev/.udev/.
-
-On systemd systems with initramfs and LVM used, packagers must
-make sure, that the systemd and initramfs versions match. The initramfs
-needs to create the /run mountpoint for udev to store the data, and
-mount this tmpfs to /run in the rootfs, so the that the udev database
-is preserved for the udev version started in the rootfs.
-
-The command 'udevadm info --convert-db' is gone. The udev daemon
-itself, at startup, converts any old database version if necessary.
-
-The systemd services files have been reorganized. The udev control
-socket is bound by systemd and passed to the started udev daemon.
-The udev-settle.service is no longer active by default. Services which
-can not handle hotplug setups properly need to actively pull it in, to
-act like a barrier. Alternatively the settle service can be unconditionally
-'systemctl'enabled, and act like a barrier for basic.target.
-
-The fstab_import callout is no longer built or installed. Udev
-should not be used to mount, does not watch changes to fstab, and
-should not mirror fstab values in the udev database.
-
-udev 166
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-New and updated keymaps.
-
-udev 165
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The udev database has changed, After installation of a new udev
-version, 'udevadm info --convert-db' should be called, to let the new
-udev/libudev version read the already stored data.
-
-udevadm now supports quoting of property values, and prefixing of
-key names:
- $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix=MY_ --query=property -n sda
- MY_MAJOR='259'
- MY_MINOR='0'
- MY_DEVNAME='/dev/sda'
- MY_DEVTYPE='disk'
- ...
-
-libudev now supports:
- udev_device_get_is_initialized()
- udev_enumerate_add_match_is_initialized()
-to be able to skip devices the kernel has created , but udev has
-not already handled.
-
-libudev now supports:
- udev_device_get_usec_since_initialized()
-to retrieve the "age" of a udev device record.
-
-GUdev supports a more generic GUdevEnumerator class, udev TAG
-handling, device initialization and timestamp now.
-
-The counterpart of /sys/dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor,
-/dev/{char,block}/$major:$minor symlinks are now unconditionally
-created, even when no rule files exist.
-
-New and updated keymaps.
-
-udev 164
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-GUdev moved from /usr to /.
-
-udev 163
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 162
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Persistent network naming rules are disabled inside of Qemu/KVM now.
-
-New and updated keymaps.
-
-Udev gets unconditionally enabled on systemd installations now. There
-is no longer the need to to run 'systemctl enable udev.service'.
-
-udev 161
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 160
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 159
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-New and fixed keymaps.
-
-Install systemd service files if applicable.
-
-udev 158
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-All distribution specific rules are removed from the udev source tree,
-most of them are no longer needed. The Gentoo rules which allow to support
-older kernel versions, which are not covered by the default rules anymore
-has moved to rules/misc/30-kernel-compat.rules.
-
-udev 157
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The option --debug-trace and the environemnt variable UDEVD_MAX_CHILDS=
-was removed from udevd.
-
-Udevd now checks the kernel commandline for the following variables:
- udev.log-priority=<syslog priority>
- udev.children-max=<maximum number of workers>
- udev.exec-delay=<seconds to delay the execution of RUN=>
-to help debuging coldplug setups where the loading of a kernel
-module crashes the system.
-
-The subdirectory in the source tree rules/packages has been renamed to
-rules/arch, anc contains only architecture specific rules now.
-
-udev 156
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 155
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Now the udev daemon itself, does on startup:
- - copy the content of /lib/udev/devices to /dev
- - create the standard symlinks like /dev/std{in,out,err},
- /dev/core, /dev/fd, ...
- - use static node information provided by kernel modules
- and creates these nodes to allow module on-demand loading
- - possibly apply permissions to all ststic nodes from udev
- rules which are annotated to match a static node
-
-The default mode for a device node is 0600 now to match the kernel
-created devtmpfs defaults. If GROUP= is specified and no MODE= is
-given the default will be 0660.
-
-udev 154
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Udev now gradually starts to pass control over the primary device nodes
-and their names to the kernel, and will in the end only manage the
-permissions of the node, and possibly create additional symlinks.
-As a first step NAME="" will be ignored, and NAME= setings with names
-other than the kernel provided name will result in a logged warning.
-Kernels that don't provide device names, or devtmpfs is not used, will
-still work as they did before, but it is strongly recommended to use
-only the same names for the primary device node as the recent kernel
-provides for all devices.
-
-udev 153
-========
-Fix broken firmware loader search path.
-
-udev 152
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-"udevadm trigger" defaults to "change" events now instead of "add"
-events. The "udev boot script" might need to add "--action=add" to
-the trigger command if not already there, in case the initial coldplug
-events are expected as "add" events.
-
-The option "all_partitons" was removed from udev. This should not be
-needed for usual hardware. Udev can not safely make assumptions
-about non-existing partition major/minor numbers, and therefore no
-longer provide this unreliable and unsafe option.
-
-The option "ignore_remove" was removed from udev. With devtmpfs
-udev passed control over device nodes to the kernel. This option
-should not be needed, or can not work as advertised. Neither
-udev nor the kernel will remove device nodes which are copied from
-the /lib/udev/devices/ directory.
-
-All "add|change" matches are replaced by "!remove" in the rules and
-in the udev logic. All types of events will update possible symlinks
-and permissions, only "remove" is handled special now.
-
-The modem modeswitch extra was removed and the external usb_modeswitch
-program should be used instead.
-
-New and fixed keymaps.
-
-udev 151
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 150
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
-depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
-deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
-removed now.
-
-udev 149
-========
-Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
-
-udev 148
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
-ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
-It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
-inconsistent behavior in current setups.
-
-BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
-ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
-file from now on.
-
-The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
-default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
-need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
-
-The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
-set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
-determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
-can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
-checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
-ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
-
-udev 147
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
-private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
-private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
-Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
-is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
-prior notice.
-
-Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
-only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
-This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
-
-NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
-It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
-from all rules.
-
-Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
-if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
-be added to the compat rules file.
-
-Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
-the udevadm commands.
-
-The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
-required now.
-
-The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
-things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
-that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
-
-The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
-G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
-is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
-information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
-
-udev 146
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
-a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
-
-The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
-option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
-default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
-
-New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
-
-udev 145
-========
-Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
-changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
-
-udev 144
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
-name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
-exported with the event.
-
-Firmware files are looked up in:
- /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
- /lib/firmware/updates
- /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
- /lib/firmware"
-now.
-
-ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
-ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
-
-udev 143
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
-installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
-libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
-the README file.
-
-Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
-the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
-cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
-After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
-future events, all others get cleaned up.
-
-To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
-Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
-
-The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
-no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
-accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
-
-Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
-incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
-
-To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
-build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
-is available here:
- http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
-
-The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
-udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
-they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
-
-udev 142
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
-repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
-package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
-util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
-can not be used with udev.
-
-Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
-to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
-installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
-match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
- This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
-users over to directly use libudev.
- Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
-eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
-interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
-soon.
-
-A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
-is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
-startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
-services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
-format will fail to work correctly.
-
-DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
-need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
-rules file.
-
-udev 141
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
-provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
-the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
-upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
-events.
-
-udev 140
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-"udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
-instead of waiting for "all" events.
-
-udev 139
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
-during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
-rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
-event handling the watch is restored.
-
-udev 138
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
-If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
-/dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
-
-udev 137
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
-are always updated with a test run now.
-
-The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
-and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
-lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
-
-udev 136
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
-and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
-device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
-we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
-glibc's getgrnam():
- disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
-LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
-bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
-
-Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
-to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
-compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
-various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
-
-In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
-of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
-which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
-session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
-and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
-A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
-access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
-to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
-any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
-
-/dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
-which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
-devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
-USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
-name in the by-id/ directory.
-Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
-and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
-specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
-USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
-
-To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
-version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
-supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
-reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
-the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
-
-udev 135
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
-versions 131-134.
-
-udev 134
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
-
-udev 133
-========
-Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
-block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
-and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
-this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
-it should be disabled in the kernel config.
-
-Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
-are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
-create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
-
-The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
-contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
-new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
-a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
-version 130.
-
-The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
-rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
-modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
-modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
-Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
-udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
-
-Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
-stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
-and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
-will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
-mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
-file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
-in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
-to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
-This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
-it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
-the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
-volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
-auto-mounting.
-
-udev 132
-========
-Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
-compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
-
-udev 131
-========
-Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
-
-The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
-array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
-featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
-Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
-other keys per rule are gone.
-
-The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
-a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
-for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
-assignment with NAME:="<value>".
-
-All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
-is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
-may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
-
-Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
-optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
-
-udev 130
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
-/sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
-kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
- /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
-and the device node of the same device by looking up:
- /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
-
-udev 129
-========
-Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
-file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
-of a volume.
-
-Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
-Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
-so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
-
-More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
-now.
-
-udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
-for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
---retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
-
-udev 128
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
-the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
-option which is not affected.
-
-The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
-these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
-
-udev 127
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
-reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
-Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
-for the filesystem.
-
-The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
-some deprecated functions are removed.
-
-A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
-to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
-need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
-devices.
-The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
-expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
-finished.
-
-udev 126
-========
-We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
-options are:
- --prefix=
- "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
- --exec-prefix=
- "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
- --sysconfdir=
- "/etc"
- --with-libdir-name=
- "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
- multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
- --enable-debug
- compile-in verbose debug messages
- --disable-logging
- disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
- --with-selinux
- link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
- for created files
-
-In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
-of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
-distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
-
-No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
-they should be provided by the package.
-
-udev 125
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
-be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
-the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
-files from:
- /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
- /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
- /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
-It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
-in lexical order.
-
-To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
- $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
- ROOT_MAJOR=8
- ROOT_MINOR=5
-In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
-the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
-format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
-sysfs 'dev' file.
-
-udev 124
-========
-Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
-
-udev 123
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
-nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
-
-udev 122
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
-the Makefile.
-
-The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
-SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
-data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
-we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
-
-udev 121
-========
-Many bugfixes.
-
-The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
-detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
-media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
-udev (and the kernel).
-
-udev 120
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
-
-The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
-udevtest are no longer created.
-
-The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
-no longer created.
-
-Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
-should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
-real file.
-
-udev 119
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 118
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
-a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
-
-udev 117
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
-The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
-Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
-the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
-only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
-
-Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
-udevadm in the list of files.
-
-udev 116
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 115
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
-udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
-of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
-rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
-are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
-architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
-in etc/udev/packages/.
-
-udev 114
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
-actions by dynamically created rules.
-
-SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
-currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
-filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
+CHANGES WITH 186:
-RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
-program and not record as a failed event.
+ * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments,
+ which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They
+ usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are
+ prefixed with rd.
-udev 113
-========
-Bugfixes.
+ * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are
+ automatically generated at boot. Use:
-Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
+ /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead
-udev 112
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
-removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
-by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
-If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
-if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
-
-To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
-can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
-TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
-
-Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
-entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
-
-udev 111
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
-strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
-exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
-the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
-or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
-
-Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
-The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
-
-udev 110
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
-
-udev 109
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 108
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
-from the udev package.
-
-udev 107
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
-and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
-priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
-If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
-will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
-highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
-more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
-these symlinks.
-
-The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
-needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
-
-Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
-we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
-the devices we are looking for.
-
-USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
-to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
-the same SCSI identifiers.
-
-Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
-/etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
-with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
-provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
-We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
-contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
-that run programs only for the matching events.
-
-udev 106
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 105
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
-driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
-included in the match.
-
-Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
-
-udev 104
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-udev 103
-========
-Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
-some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
-storage area of their music players.
-
-udev 102
-========
-Fix path_id for SAS devices.
-
-udev 101
-========
-The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
-execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
-action that crashes the box.
-
-A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
-device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
-are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
-may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
-just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
-
-Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
-dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
-device.
-
-udev 100
-========
-Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
-
-udev 099
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
-for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
-
-The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
-zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
-scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
-should be used now.
-
-The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
-devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
-now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
-version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
-installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
-
-The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
-the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
-
-udev 098
-========
-Bugfixes.
-
-Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
-BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
-(The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
-releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
-instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
-is logged.
-With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
-We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
-SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
-with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
-longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
-files.
-
-ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
-event device. Instead of:
- ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
-we now can do:
- ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
-
-All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
-future kernel:
- PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
- needed at all.
- PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
- matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
- PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
- Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
- for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
- no longer carry this property of a parent and
- DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
-Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
-the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
-events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
-that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
-it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
-in most cases it will be empty.
-
-Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
- udevtrigger --retry-failed.
-Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
-files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
-target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
-including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
-million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
-
-The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
-name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
-no database file was created by udev.
-
-The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
-getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
-fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
-
-udev 097
-========
-Bugfixes and small improvements.
-
-udev 096
-========
-Fix path_id for recent kernels.
-
-udev 095
-========
-%e is finally gone.
-
-Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
-renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
-
-udev 094
-========
-The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
-
-udev 093
-========
-The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
-shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
-
-udev 092
-========
-Bugfix release.
-
-udev 091
-========
-Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
-on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
-with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
-test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
-fix possibly broken rules.
-
-udev 090
-========
-Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
-It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
-even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
-events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
-
-udev 089
-========
-Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
-also skipped optical IDE drives.
-
-All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
-
-No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
-packaging process and not at build time.
-
-libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
-linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
-this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
-header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
-be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
-
-udev 088
-========
-Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
-to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
-
-Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
-of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
-multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
-
-Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
-shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
-
-udev 087
-========
-Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
-
-Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
-
-udev 086
-========
-Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
-events for the same device.
-
-udev 085
-========
-Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
-
-Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
-device goes away.
-
-udev 084
-========
-If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
-attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
-by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
-received the event for.
-
-Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
-build name.
-
-udev 083
-========
-Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
-
-RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
-as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
-which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
-the end of the program name to prevent this.
-If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
-like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
-to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
-
-udev 082
-========
-The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
-anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
-by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
-included in a package.
-
-Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
-the ignore rule was applied.
-
-More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
-depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
-should be requested by their subsytem.
-
-This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
-path position:
- dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
- dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
-
-The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
-_resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
-parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
-class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
-resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
-
-Note:
-A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
-scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
-the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
-DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
-back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
-/devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
-searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
-for changed parent chains.
-
-udev 081
-========
-Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
-/sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
-
-Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
-moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
-
-Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
-to make %b simpler and working again.
-
-udev 080
-========
-Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
-which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
-on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
-Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
-change. They will be fixed immediately.
-
-The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
-removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
-outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
-coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
-scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
-
-MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
-the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
-the sysfs "modalias" value.
-
-Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
-
-udev 079
-========
-Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
-
-Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
-added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
-
-Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
-of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
-
-udev 078
-========
-Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
-longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
-mentioned on the hotplug list:
- UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
- ...
- DEVNAME=/dev/sdb
- DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
-
-udev 077
-========
-Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
-syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
-and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
-
-udev 076
-========
-All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
-version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
-version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
-the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
-be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
- ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
-
-The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
-/$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
-to anything else.
-If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
-this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
-still private to udev and can change at any time.
-
-Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
-Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
-directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
-now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
-
-Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
-the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
-every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
-files.
-
-Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
-the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
-before starting the daemon.
-
-udev 075
-========
-Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
-emulation.
-
-The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
-should be used to build a klibc udev now.
-
-udev 074
-========
-NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
-ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
-
-After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
-without any queuing now.
-
-udev 073
-========
-Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
-uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
-version of udev anymore.
-
-udev 072
-========
-The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
-event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
-It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
-startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
-pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
-
-Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
-device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
-real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
-device removal and the udev database will not work.
-
-Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
-and packaging.
-
-A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
-
-udev 071
-========
-Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
-
-scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
-non-writable /tmp directory.
-
-The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
-let's see who can break this again. :)
-
-The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
-Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
-needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
-versions will _not_ create these devices!
-
-udev 070
-========
-Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
-beeing installed.
-
-udev 069
-========
-A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
-symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
-characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
-/dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
-export it to the filesystem.
-
-udev 068
-========
-More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
-have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
-situations.
-
-udev 067
-========
-Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
-The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
-available while we try to run external programs.
-Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
-
-udev 066
-========
-Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
-persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
-grab it from here. :)
-
-udev 065
-========
-We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
-other programs:
- RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
-will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
-for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
-
-udev 064
-========
-Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
-
-The test for the existence of an environment value should be
-switched from:
- ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
-because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
-is empty.
-
-udev 063
-========
-Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
-
-udev 062
-========
-Mostly a Bugfix release.
-
-Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
-timing with custom rules.
-
-udev 061
-========
-We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
-2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
-
-If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
-options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
-need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
-
-To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
-
-udev 060
-========
-Bugfix release.
-
-udev 059
-========
-Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
-complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
-kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
-kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
-
-o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
- will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
- SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
- with:
- echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
- For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
- bypass the driver core.
-
-o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
- removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
- helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
- make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
- will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
- from a rule if needed:
- RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
- The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
- the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
- multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
- fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
- is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
-
-o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
- devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
- behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
- ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
-
-o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
- substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
- needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
-
-o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
- man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
- and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
- Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
- prevent changing the key by any later rule.
-
-o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
- sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
- to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
- Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
- some events.
-
-o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
- scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
- to export the probed data in environment key format:
- pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
- ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
- ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
- ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
-
- The following rules:
- KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
- KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
-
- Will create:
- kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
- /dev/disk
- |-- by-id
- | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
- | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
- |-- by-label
- | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
- | |-- date -> ../../sda1
- | `-- home -> ../../hda3
- `-- by-uuid
- |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
- |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
- |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
- `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
-
- The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
- it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
- also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
- next udev versions.
-
-o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
- to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
- can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
- initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
- development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
- The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
-
-o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
- events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
- udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
- replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
-
-udev 058
-========
-With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
-Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
-
-udev 057
-========
-All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
-will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
-way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
-naming rules.
-
-Note:
-Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
-to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
-
-The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
-with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
-instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
-The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
-
-The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
-handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
-to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
-
-The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
-devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
-
-We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
-to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
-run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
-which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
-It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
-USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
-The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
-UDEV_LOG.
-
-udev 056
-========
-Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
- make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
-will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
-
-udev 055
-========
-We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
-
-If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
-a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
-
-The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
-we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
-
-The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
-easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
-character class negations like:
- KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
-this can now be replaced with:
- KERNEL!="scd*"
-The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
-but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
-
-We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
-variables.
-
-udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
-with every forked event.
+ * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use:
+
+ systemctl enable debug-shell.service
+
+ * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth
+ package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version
+ as well.
+
+ * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of
+ a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it
+ in all appropriate directories automatically.
+
+ * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and
+ does the right thing. Example:
+
+ udevadm info /dev/sda
+ udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda
+
+ * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a
+ unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a
+ service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left
+ running.
+
+ * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was
+ shortened due to rotation since a service has been started.
+
+ * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the
+ "cutoff" times due to rotation.
+
+ * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering
+ immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible,
+ resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal
+ files.
+
+ * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to
+ be stopped that is not loaded.
+
+ * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames.
+
+ * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3
+
+ * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging
+ where the first level dirs are always kept around but
+ directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled
+ by prefixing the age field with '~'.
+
+ * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties
+ which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the
+ display manager might be running before the graphics drivers
+ completed initialization.
+
+ * Seat objects now expose a State property.
+
+ * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling
+ based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based
+ distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This
+ makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across
+ distributions.
+
+ * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is
+ always valid when services log to the journal via
+ STDOUT/STDERR.
+
+ * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all
+ command line options we understand.
+
+ * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing
+ fstab=0 on the kernel command line.
+
+ * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood
+ to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot.
+
+ * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now
+ automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or
+ device paths are specified they are automatically turned
+ into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example:
+
+ systemctl status /home
+ systemctl status /dev/sda
+
+ * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from
+ system.conf parsing.
+
+ * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus
+ Manager object.
+
+ * The Names= option is been removed from unit file parsing.
+
+ * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process.
+
+ * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now
+ comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is
+ complete.
+
+ * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their
+ name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external
+ code. Among them fsck@.service which is now
+ systemd-fsck@.service.
+
+ * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus
+ Manager object.
+
+ * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now
+ work sensibly.
+
+ * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options
+ we actually understand.
+
+ * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass
+ additional capabilities to the container.
+
+ * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names
+ from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list,
+ systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of
+ the current boot only.
+
+ * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in
+ order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up.
+
+ * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald
+ which allows configuration of where log data should go. This
+ also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so
+ that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the
+ kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation.
+
+ * Many bugfixes and optimizations
+
+ Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner,
+ David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
+ Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel,
+ Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen
+
+CHANGES WITH 185:
+
+ * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is
+ available.
+
+ * Several new man pages have been added.
+
+ * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=,
+ MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in
+ journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of
+ data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level.
+
+ * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for
+ PID1. This allows system-wide power savings.
+
+ Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen,
+ Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou,
+ Matthias Clasen
+
+CHANGES WITH 184:
+
+ * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and
+ sleep keys as well as the lid switch.
+
+ * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl
+ /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific
+ daemon.
+
+ * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences
+ the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel.
+
+ Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert
+ Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers,
+ Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul
+ Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen
+
+CHANGES WITH 183:
+
+ * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the
+ new version to something that is greater than both udev's
+ and systemd's most recent version number.
+
+ * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now.
+ All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It
+ is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without
+ systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building
+ udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but
+ udev can be properly *run* without systemd.
+
+ * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles
+ should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken
+ subsystems.
+
+ * udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is
+ no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be
+ used to subscribe to events.
+
+ * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left
+ behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned
+ up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or
+ daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be
+ pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly
+ forked by udev rules.
+
+ * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed
+ in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need
+ to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building
+ it.
+
+ * libudev no longer provides these symbols:
+ udev_monitor_from_socket()
+ udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry()
+ udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path()
+ The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced.
+
+ * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed
+ to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl.
+
+ * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and
+ /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to
+ logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename
+ the files to the new names on upgrade.
+
+ * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed
+ from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff
+ of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too),
+ and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable
+ to be used as drop-in files.
+
+ * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in
+ particular suspending and hibernating.
+
+ * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic
+ suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog
+ about this in more detail.
+
+ * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided
+ (which prevously bind mounted these directories to their new
+ places). Distributions which have not converted these
+ directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files
+ from git history and add them downstream.
+
+ * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added
+ this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it
+ easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various
+ units.
+
+ * All smaller setup units (such as
+ systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they
+ are run in a container and are skipped when
+ appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in
+ Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn.
+
+ * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now
+ integrated, for details see:
+ http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates
+
+ * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us
+ avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status
+ messages.
+
+ * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to
+ globally reduce the set of capabilities for the
+ system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO,
+ CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or
+ even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems.
+
+ * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to
+ globally change the defaults of the various resource limits
+ for all units started by PID 1.
+
+ * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into
+ systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu
+ and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!)
+
+ * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside
+ of PID 1 anymore.
+
+ * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from
+ /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that
+ haven't been read by systemd yet.
+
+ * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has
+ already been updated to make use of this. With this in place
+ initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much
+ easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in
+ the host system can be used to introspect initrd services,
+ and the journal from the initrd is kept around too.
+
+ * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences
+ between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults.
+
+ * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp.
+
+ * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature
+ proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been
+ so sexy.
+
+ * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all
+ files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching
+ is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated
+ packages which might result in changes of read-ahead
+ patterns.
+
+ * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable
+ when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's
+ built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements
+ of necessary blocks to pre-cache.
+
+ * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies
+ for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path.
+
+ * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from
+ system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place
+ in systemd now.
+
+ * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine
+ ID on the command line.
+
+ * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search
+ for an init system.
+
+ * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from
+ vt100.
+
+ * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems.
+
+ * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual
+ components now have directories of their own.
+
+ * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available.
+
+ * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the
+ container in other hierarchies.
+
+ * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in
+ system.conf.
+
+ * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API.
+
+ * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be
+ masked and /etc/fstab can override it.
+
+ * Since udisks doesn't make use of /media anymore we are not
+ mounting a tmpfs on it anymore.
+
+ * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave
+ locally generated journal files.
+
+ * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically.
+
+ * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui.
+
+ Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George,
+ Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan
+ Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal,
+ Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers,
+ Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure,
+ Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim
+ A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal
+ Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn
+ Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
+ Gundersen
+
+CHANGES WITH 44:
+
+ * This is mostly a bugfix release
+
+ * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the
+ KVM or container configured UUID.
+
+ * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff"
+
+ * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output
+
+ * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianness fixes and
+ ensuring that disk space enforcement works
+
+ * sd-login.h is C++ comptaible again
+
+ * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian
+ folks
+
+ * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration
+ and unit files. This is done to ensure we don't pass invalid
+ data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere.
+
+ * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat
+ configuration
+
+ * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race
+ free fashion
+
+ * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always
+ overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always
+ and unconditionally override vendor supplied or
+ automatically generated data.
+
+ * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man
+ pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls
+ however.
+
+ * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the
+ tarball.
+
+ Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic
+ Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti
+ Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry
+ Reding
+
+CHANGES WITH 43:
+
+ * This is mostly a bugfix release
+
+ * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported.
+
+ * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so
+
+ * Track class of PAM logins to distuingish greeters from
+ normal user logins.
+
+ Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael
+ Biebl
+
+CHANGES WITH 42:
+
+ * This is an important bugfix release for v41.
+
+ * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful
+ for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install
+ xsltproc.
+
+ * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In
+ a future release support for hardware watchdogs
+ (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this.
+
+ * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be
+ turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a
+ reboot can automatically be triggered.
+
+ * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind.
+
+ Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham,
+ Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal
+ Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg
+
+CHANGES WITH 41:
+
+ * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now;
+ An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the
+ package update.
+
+ * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke
+ libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not
+ support systems with module-init-tools anymore.
+
+ * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not
+ complete.
+
+ * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is
+ understood to set system wide environment variables
+ dynamically at boot.
+
+ * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald.
+
+ * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is
+ useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general
+ code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit
+ files.
+
+ Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen,
+ William Douglas
+
+CHANGES WITH 40:
+
+ * This is mostly a bugfix release
+
+ * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the
+ "Result" D-Bus property.
+
+ * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over
+ the next few releases.)
+
+ * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will
+ now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process
+ it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window
+ with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful
+
+ Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay
+ Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt,
+ Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode
+
+CHANGES WITH 39:
+
+ * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
+ bugfixes.
+
+ * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their
+ resource usage.
+
+ * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If
+ disabled, support tracking device access for active logins
+ goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user
+ journals by the respective users.
+
+ * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically
+ owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access
+ to the system journal as well as all user journals.
+
+ * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging
+ client for all entries.
+
+ * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers
+
+ * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text
+ messages, without any meta data like date or time.
+
+ * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to
+ teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display
+ managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg
+ learned native udev hotplugging for display devices.
+
+ * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs
+ with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as
+ BSD logger replacement, and does so by default.
+
+ * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the
+ journal along with meta data.
+
+ * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for
+ writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for
+ creating symlinks, character and block device nodes.
+
+ * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups
+ persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups
+
+ * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way
+
+ * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on
+ rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to
+ death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid,
+ or fsck.
+
+ * Don't show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless
+ requested with new -k switch.
+
+ Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart
+ Poettering, Michal Schmidt
+
+CHANGES WITH 38:
+
+ * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
+ bugfixes.
+
+ * The git repository moved to:
+ git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd
+ ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd
+
+ * First release with the journal
+ http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html
+
+ * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and
+ systemd-stdout-bridge.
+
+ * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind
+
+ * Many systemadm clean-ups
+
+ * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all
+ remote mounts and may be used to start services before all
+ remote mounts.
+
+ * Added Mageia support
+
+ * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl
+
+ * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in
+ the parent process before having finished writing the PID
+ file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be
+ fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the
+ parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them.
+
+ * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output
+ of existing distributions.
+
+ * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for
+ compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage.
+
+ * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and
+ thus will no longer act as synchronization point during
+ boot.
+
+ * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=.
+
+ * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for
+ relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is
+ useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys,
+ among other things.
+
+ * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console
+ and the journal by default, not only just the console.
+
+ * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login.
+
+ * The build tree got reorganized and a the build system is a
+ lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically
+ select the components of systemd they are interested in.
+
+ * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is
+ restored.
+
+ * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to
+ --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and
+ kmod
+
+ * Unless specified otherwise we'll now install to /usr instead
+ of /usr/local by default.
+
+ * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the
+ final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained
+ in:
+ http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons
+
+ * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter
+ the START or START_PRE states are now killed with
+ SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn
+ background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never
+ supported anyway, and bad style).
+
+ * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind
+ reloading of units together.
+
+ Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave
+ Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay
+ Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt,
+ Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef
+ Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blobdiff