1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
55 #include <linux/rtc.h>
66 #include "exit-status.h"
70 char **saved_argv = NULL;
72 size_t page_size(void) {
73 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
79 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
86 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
88 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
99 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
102 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
104 return timespec_load(&ts);
107 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
110 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
111 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
116 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
125 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
127 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
129 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
130 ts->monotonic -= delta;
138 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
142 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
146 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
149 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
150 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
155 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
159 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
163 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
166 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
167 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
172 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
179 pl = strlen(postfix);
187 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
190 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
205 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
208 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
224 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
225 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
232 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
247 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
251 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
254 int close_nointr(int fd) {
269 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
270 int saved_errno = errno;
272 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
275 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
280 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
283 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
284 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
287 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
290 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
292 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
298 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
299 unsigned long ul = 0;
306 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
311 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
321 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
322 unsigned long ul = 0;
329 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
334 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
341 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
349 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
351 if (!x || *x || errno)
352 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
354 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
357 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
361 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
369 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
371 if (!x || *x || errno)
372 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
374 if ((long) (int) l != l)
381 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
383 unsigned long long l;
389 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
391 if (!x || *x || errno)
392 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
398 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
406 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
408 if (!x || *x || errno)
409 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
415 /* Split a string into words. */
416 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
419 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
421 if (!*current || *c == 0)
424 current += strspn(current, separator);
425 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
428 return (char*) current;
431 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
432 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
433 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
435 bool escaped = false;
437 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
439 if (!*current || *c == 0)
442 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
444 if (*current == '\'') {
447 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
457 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
458 } else if (*current == '\"') {
461 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
471 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
473 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
478 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
485 return (char*) current;
488 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
492 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
495 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
503 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
506 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
512 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
515 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
518 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
526 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
527 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
528 * skip over it manually */
530 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
541 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
544 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
549 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
552 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
557 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
560 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
563 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
571 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
572 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
573 * skip over it manually */
575 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
596 "%*d " /* priority */
598 "%*d " /* num_threads */
599 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
600 "%llu " /* starttime */,
607 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
614 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
618 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
623 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
641 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
646 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
652 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
660 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
664 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
667 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
672 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
683 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
699 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
702 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
707 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
710 if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
715 if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
730 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
737 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
740 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
746 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
751 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
758 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
764 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
779 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
787 else if (!(buf = calloc(1, 1))) {
809 const char *separator, ...) {
817 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
822 const char *key = NULL;
824 p += strspn(p, separator);
825 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
830 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
834 va_start(ap, separator);
835 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
839 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
842 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
847 n = strcspn(p, separator);
850 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
852 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
863 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
880 p += strcspn(p, separator);
899 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
903 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
906 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
919 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
922 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
923 log_error("Out of memory");
928 t = strv_append(m, u);
932 log_error("Out of memory");
955 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
960 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
964 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
980 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
995 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
998 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
1002 int get_process_name(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1009 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1012 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1021 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, char **line) {
1029 assert(max_length > 0);
1032 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1041 if (!(r = new(char, max_length))) {
1048 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1070 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1071 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1078 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1085 if ((h = get_process_name(pid, &t)) < 0)
1088 h = asprintf(&r, "[%s]", t);
1099 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1107 return strndup(suffix, b);
1117 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1121 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1127 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1128 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1131 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1141 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1144 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1150 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1161 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1168 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1171 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1181 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1188 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1192 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1199 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1204 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
1205 const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
1215 for (e = path; *e; e++) {
1217 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
1221 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
1236 r = strndup(path, p-path);
1246 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
1251 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
1257 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
1263 bool is_path(const char *p) {
1265 return !!strchr(p, '/');
1268 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
1273 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1274 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1276 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
1279 if (asprintf(&r, "%s/%s", prefix, p) < 0)
1285 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
1290 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1291 * current working directory. */
1293 if (path_is_absolute(p))
1296 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
1299 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
1305 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
1308 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1309 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1310 * changes on failure. */
1312 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1315 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
1325 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
1328 bool enomem = false;
1330 if (strv_isempty(l))
1333 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1334 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1335 * changes on failure. */
1337 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1340 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1349 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1353 if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1370 char **strv_path_remove_empty(char **l) {
1376 for (f = t = l; *f; f++) {
1378 if (dir_is_empty(*f) > 0) {
1390 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1393 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1394 struct sigaction sa;
1396 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1400 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1401 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1403 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1404 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1405 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1406 if (errno != EINVAL)
1413 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1416 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1417 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1419 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1421 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1422 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1430 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1433 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1435 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1436 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1447 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1454 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1455 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1458 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1459 return strdup(filename);
1461 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1462 return strdup(filename);
1464 k = strlen(filename);
1465 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1468 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1469 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1474 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1477 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1478 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1481 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1484 if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1487 !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1496 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1501 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1504 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1509 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1510 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1512 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1517 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1520 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1523 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1528 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1533 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1536 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1542 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1551 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1552 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1558 /* Skip last component */
1559 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1562 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1563 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1569 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1572 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1581 if (errno != ENOENT)
1589 char hexchar(int x) {
1590 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1592 return table[x & 15];
1595 int unhexchar(char c) {
1597 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1600 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1601 return c - 'a' + 10;
1603 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1604 return c - 'A' + 10;
1609 char octchar(int x) {
1610 return '0' + (x & 7);
1613 int unoctchar(char c) {
1615 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1621 char decchar(int x) {
1622 return '0' + (x % 10);
1625 int undecchar(char c) {
1627 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1633 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1639 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1641 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1644 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1690 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1691 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1692 * g_strescape() does the same */
1693 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1695 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1696 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1697 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1708 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1714 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1716 if (!(r = new(char, length+1)))
1719 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1762 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1767 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1770 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1771 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1772 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1776 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1791 /* octal encoding */
1794 if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
1795 (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1796 (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1797 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1801 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1809 /* premature end of string.*/
1814 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1826 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1827 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1830 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1834 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1835 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1838 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1841 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1843 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1844 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1847 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1848 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1858 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1864 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1865 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1867 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1870 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1872 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1873 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1874 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1876 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1877 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1887 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1892 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1895 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1900 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1901 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1902 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1905 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1917 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
1921 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1922 * passed string in-place.
1924 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1927 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
1942 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1943 trailing slash is good */
1945 if (t == path && slash)
1952 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1956 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1962 path += strspn(path, "/");
1963 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
1971 a = strcspn(path, "/");
1972 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
1977 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
1985 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
1989 if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
1995 a += strspn(a, "/");
1996 b += strspn(b, "/");
1998 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
2001 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
2004 j = strcspn(a, "/");
2005 k = strcspn(b, "/");
2010 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
2018 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
2023 for (p = t; *p; p++)
2024 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
2025 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
2030 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
2034 filename[0] == '.' ||
2035 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
2036 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
2037 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
2038 endswith(filename, "~") ||
2039 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
2040 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
2041 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
2042 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
2043 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
2044 endswith(filename, ".swp");
2047 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
2052 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
2056 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
2058 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
2060 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
2066 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
2071 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
2075 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
2077 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
2079 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
2085 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
2090 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
2093 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
2096 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
2099 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
2100 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
2114 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
2115 if (except[i] == fd) {
2124 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
2125 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
2126 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
2135 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
2138 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
2139 for (p = a; *p; p++)
2146 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2156 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
2158 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
2164 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2167 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2169 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
2174 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
2175 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
2176 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
2177 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
2178 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
2179 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
2180 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
2181 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2182 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
2183 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
2184 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
2185 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2186 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
2187 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
2188 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2189 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
2190 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2191 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2192 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
2193 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2194 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
2195 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2196 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
2197 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2198 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2199 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
2200 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2201 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2202 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
2203 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
2204 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
2205 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
2206 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
2207 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
2208 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
2209 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
2210 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
2212 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
2213 (unsigned long long) d);
2215 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2221 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2222 static const struct {
2226 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2227 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2228 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2229 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2230 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2231 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2241 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2245 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2250 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2252 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2256 if (t < table[i].usec)
2262 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2263 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2276 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2277 static const char * const table[] = {
2289 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2290 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2299 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2304 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2308 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2311 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2314 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2317 close_nointr_nofail(r);
2321 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) {
2322 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2324 char line[LINE_MAX];
2329 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2330 new_termios = old_termios;
2332 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2333 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2334 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2336 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2339 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2341 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2347 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2354 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)))
2359 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2369 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2376 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2382 bool need_nl = true;
2385 fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout);
2392 fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout);
2396 if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) {
2398 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2399 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2410 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2415 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2419 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd) {
2420 struct termios termios;
2424 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2428 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2429 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2430 * interfere with that. */
2432 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2433 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2435 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2437 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, &arg);
2439 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2444 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2445 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2446 * else will do that for us */
2448 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2449 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2450 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2451 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2452 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2454 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2455 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2456 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2457 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2458 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2459 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2460 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2461 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2462 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2463 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2464 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2465 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2466 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2468 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2469 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2471 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2475 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2476 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2481 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2484 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2488 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd);
2489 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2494 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2499 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2500 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2501 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2502 * retrying a couple of times.
2504 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2508 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2517 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2524 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2525 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2530 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2537 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2538 struct pollfd pollfd;
2542 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2549 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2560 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2565 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2576 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2577 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2581 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2582 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2583 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2585 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2586 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2587 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2588 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2589 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2590 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2591 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2592 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2594 if (!fail && !force) {
2595 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2600 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2608 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2611 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2612 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2613 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2614 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2617 /* First, try to get the tty */
2618 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2620 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2621 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2622 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2623 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2626 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2636 assert(notify >= 0);
2639 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2641 struct inotify_event *e;
2643 if ((l = read(notify, &inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2652 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2657 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2662 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2663 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2665 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2672 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2673 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2674 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2675 * an endless loop. */
2676 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2680 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2682 if ((r = reset_terminal_fd(fd)) < 0)
2683 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2689 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2692 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2697 int release_terminal(void) {
2699 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2701 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2704 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2705 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2708 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2709 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2710 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2712 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2715 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2717 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2721 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2726 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2727 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2734 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2735 struct sigaction sa;
2740 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2741 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2743 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2747 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2748 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2755 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2756 struct sigaction sa;
2761 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2762 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2764 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2768 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2769 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2776 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2782 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2787 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2791 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2794 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2803 while (nbytes > 0) {
2806 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2808 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2811 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2812 struct pollfd pollfd;
2816 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2818 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2822 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2825 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2826 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2831 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2842 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2851 while (nbytes > 0) {
2854 if ((k = write(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2856 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2859 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2860 struct pollfd pollfd;
2864 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2866 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2870 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2873 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2874 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2879 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2890 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t) {
2895 if (lstat(t, &a) < 0) {
2896 if (errno == ENOENT)
2902 if ((r = parent_of_path(t, &parent)) < 0)
2905 r = lstat(parent, &b);
2911 return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
2914 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2915 static const struct {
2919 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2920 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2921 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2922 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2923 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2924 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2925 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2926 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2927 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2928 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2931 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2947 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2958 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2960 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2961 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2962 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2963 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2967 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2977 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2982 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2983 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2984 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2987 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2989 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2992 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
2993 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
2994 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
2999 int make_null_stdio(void) {
3002 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3005 return make_stdio(null_fd);
3008 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
3010 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3011 * sysfs or in /dev */
3014 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
3015 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
3018 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
3021 struct dirent buf, *de;
3023 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
3027 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
3037 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
3047 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3052 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3055 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3056 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3058 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3064 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3067 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3070 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3072 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
3073 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
3076 if (program_invocation_name)
3077 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3079 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3083 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3085 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3089 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3094 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3101 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3102 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3106 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3109 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3112 return strdup(u.nodename);
3114 return strdup(u.sysname);
3117 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3121 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3124 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3129 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3131 return strdup("root");
3133 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3136 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3139 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3140 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3147 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3153 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3154 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3159 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3164 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3171 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3175 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3178 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3180 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3187 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3189 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3190 unsigned long ttynr;
3193 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3196 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3201 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3209 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3219 "%*d " /* session */
3228 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3230 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3235 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3239 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3242 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3247 /* This is an ugly hack */
3248 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3249 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3259 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3260 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3261 * vaguely useful. */
3263 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3273 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3275 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3293 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs) {
3299 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3302 if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3303 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3305 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3309 struct dirent buf, *de;
3313 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {
3322 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3325 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3328 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3329 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3334 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3336 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3341 if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3342 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3347 if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs)) < 0) {
3352 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3353 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3356 } else if (!only_dirs) {
3358 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3359 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3370 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root) {
3376 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3378 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3381 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3382 if (unlink(path) < 0)
3388 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs);
3391 if (rmdir(path) < 0) {
3399 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3402 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3403 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3404 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3406 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3409 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3415 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3419 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3422 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3425 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3426 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3436 if (errno != EINVAL)
3443 void status_vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
3449 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3450 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3452 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3455 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
3458 write(fd, s, strlen(s));
3464 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3467 void status_printf(const char *format, ...) {
3472 va_start(ap, format);
3473 status_vprintf(format, ap);
3477 void status_welcome(void) {
3478 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3479 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3482 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3483 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3484 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3488 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3491 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3493 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3496 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3500 if (!ansi_color && pretty_name) {
3502 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3505 if (startswith(pretty_name, "Red Hat"))
3506 const_color = "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3507 else if (startswith(pretty_name, "Fedora"))
3508 const_color = "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3511 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3514 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3517 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3522 const_color = "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3524 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3527 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3530 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3535 const_color = "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3537 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3540 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3543 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3548 const_color = "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3551 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3556 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version)) < 0) {
3559 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r));
3561 pretty_name = strappend("Debian ", version);
3565 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3570 const_color = "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3572 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3574 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE,
3575 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name,
3579 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3583 const_color = "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3585 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3590 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s) < 0)) {
3592 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3594 p = strstr(s, " release ");
3598 p[strcspn(p, " ")] = '\0';
3600 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3601 if (asprintf(&pretty_name, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s, p) > 0)
3602 const_color = "1;36";
3604 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3606 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3610 #elif defined(TARGET_MEEGO)
3613 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/meego-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3616 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/meego-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3621 const_color = "1;35"; /* Bright Magenta for MeeGo */
3624 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3625 const_pretty = "Linux";
3627 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3630 status_printf("\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n\n",
3631 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3632 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3638 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3645 const char *e, *word = format;
3650 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3661 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3670 } else if (*e == '$') {
3671 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3687 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3690 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3703 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3714 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3716 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3718 l = strv_length(argv);
3720 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3723 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3725 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3726 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3731 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3733 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3744 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3753 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3761 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3762 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3773 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3776 if (parsed_columns > 0)
3777 return parsed_columns;
3779 if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS")))
3780 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3782 if (parsed_columns <= 0) {
3786 if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
3787 parsed_columns = ws.ws_col;
3790 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3791 parsed_columns = 80;
3793 return parsed_columns;
3796 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3802 /* Only works as root */
3804 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3807 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3811 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3812 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3815 char *ellipsize(const char *s, unsigned length, unsigned percent) {
3820 assert(percent <= 100);
3821 assert(length >= 3);
3825 if (l <= 3 || l <= length)
3828 if (!(r = new0(char, length+1)))
3831 x = (length * percent) / 100;
3841 s + l - (length - x - 3),
3847 int touch(const char *path) {
3852 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3855 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3859 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3863 if ((l = strlen(s)) < 2)
3866 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3867 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3872 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3873 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3878 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3884 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3887 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3892 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3900 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3909 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3920 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3932 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3939 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3940 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3944 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3945 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3946 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3947 return status.si_status;
3950 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3953 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3954 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3956 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3960 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3967 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3968 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3976 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3979 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3982 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3988 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3993 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3996 return null_or_empty(&st);
3999 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4003 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
4006 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
4007 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4014 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4018 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
4019 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4020 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4025 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4031 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4034 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4036 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4037 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4040 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4041 unsigned long long a, b;
4046 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4047 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4054 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4058 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4059 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4061 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
4063 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
4066 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4072 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
4081 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
4083 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
4086 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4092 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
4104 void filter_environ(const char *prefix) {
4111 for (i = 0, j = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
4113 if (startswith(environ[i], prefix))
4116 environ[j++] = environ[i];
4122 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4125 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4128 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4131 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4136 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4139 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4142 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4145 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4149 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4155 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4156 char *active = NULL;
4161 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4164 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining
4166 if (streq(tty, "console"))
4167 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4168 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4169 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4170 if ((tty = strrchr(active, ' ')))
4176 term = tty_is_vc(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
4182 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
4183 int detect_vm(const char **id) {
4185 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
4187 /* Both CPUID and DMI are x86 specific interfaces... */
4189 static const char *const dmi_vendors[] = {
4190 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
4191 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
4192 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
4195 static const char dmi_vendor_table[] =
4197 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
4198 "VMware\0" "vmware\0"
4200 "Microsoft Corporation\0" "microsoft\0"
4201 "innotek GmbH\0" "oracle\0"
4203 "Bochs\0" "bochs\0";
4205 static const char cpuid_vendor_table[] =
4206 "XenVMMXenVMM\0" "xen\0"
4207 "KVMKVMKVM\0" "kvm\0"
4208 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
4209 "VMwareVMware\0" "vmware\0"
4210 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff542428.aspx */
4211 "Microsoft Hv\0" "microsoft\0";
4222 /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
4225 #if defined (__i386__)
4228 #elif defined (__amd64__)
4233 /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
4235 __asm__ __volatile__ (
4236 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
4237 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4239 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4241 : "=a" (eax), "=c" (ecx)
4245 hypervisor = !!(ecx & 0x80000000U);
4249 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
4251 __asm__ __volatile__ (
4252 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
4253 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4255 " mov %%ebx, %1 \n\t"
4256 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
4258 : "=a" (eax), "=r" (sig.sig32[0]), "=c" (sig.sig32[1]), "=d" (sig.sig32[2])
4262 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, cpuid_vendor_table)
4263 if (streq(sig.text, j)) {
4272 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) {
4275 const char *found = NULL;
4277 if ((r = read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s)) < 0) {
4284 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, dmi_vendor_table)
4285 if (startswith(s, j))
4308 int detect_container(const char **id) {
4311 /* Unfortunately many of these operations require root access
4312 * in one way or another */
4317 if (running_in_chroot() > 0) {
4325 /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container,
4326 * /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
4327 if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) >= 0 &&
4328 access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
4336 if ((f = fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "re"))) {
4339 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
4341 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
4344 if (!(p = strchr(strstrip(line), ':')))
4347 if (strncmp(p, ":ns:", 4))
4350 if (!streq(p, ":ns:/")) {
4366 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM/container implementations */
4367 int detect_virtualization(const char **id) {
4368 static __thread const char *cached_id = NULL;
4374 if (cached_id == (const char*) -1)
4383 if ((r = detect_container(&_id)) != 0)
4386 r = detect_vm(&_id);
4395 cached_id = (const char*) -1;
4400 bool dirent_is_file(struct dirent *de) {
4403 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4406 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4407 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4408 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4414 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4417 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4421 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4422 * until all they all finished. */
4425 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4427 if (errno == ENOENT)
4430 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4437 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4438 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4442 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4447 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4450 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4451 log_error("Out of memory");
4455 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4456 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4475 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4476 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4479 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4481 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4482 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4487 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4492 if (waitid(P_ALL, 0, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4497 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4501 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4502 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4503 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4504 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4506 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4508 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4519 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4522 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4525 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4533 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4539 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4540 if (streq(i, needle))
4546 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4547 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4550 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4551 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4561 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4564 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4565 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4567 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4568 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4569 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4571 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4572 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4573 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4574 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4579 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4582 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4586 int have_effective_cap(int value) {
4588 cap_flag_value_t fv;
4591 if (!(cap = cap_get_proc()))
4594 if (cap_get_flag(cap, value, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &fv) < 0)
4603 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4612 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4614 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4615 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4616 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4622 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4628 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4629 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4632 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4638 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4641 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4642 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4643 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4644 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4652 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4656 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4657 struct pollfd pollfd;
4662 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4664 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4671 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4674 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4685 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4689 fn = file_name_from_path(path);
4693 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4695 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4701 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4714 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4717 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4723 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4726 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4730 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4731 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4736 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4740 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4741 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4742 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4744 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4747 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4748 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4749 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4751 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4756 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4757 "\033[H" /* move home */
4758 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4760 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4765 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4768 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4775 /* Try to deallocate */
4776 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4780 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4781 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4789 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4791 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4796 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4797 "\033[H" /* move home */
4798 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4800 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4806 static int file_is_conf(const struct dirent *d, const char *suffix) {
4809 if (ignore_file(d->d_name))
4812 if (d->d_type != DT_REG &&
4813 d->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4814 d->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4817 return endswith(d->d_name, suffix);
4820 static int files_add(Hashmap *h, const char *path, const char *suffix) {
4822 struct dirent buffer, *de;
4825 dir = opendir(path);
4827 if (errno == ENOENT)
4836 k = readdir_r(dir, &buffer, &de);
4845 if (!file_is_conf(de, suffix))
4848 if (asprintf(&p, "%s/%s", path, de->d_name) < 0) {
4853 f = canonicalize_file_name(p);
4855 log_error("Failed to canonicalize file name '%s': %m", p);
4861 log_debug("found: %s\n", f);
4862 if (hashmap_put(h, file_name_from_path(f), f) <= 0)
4871 static int base_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
4872 const char *s1, *s2;
4874 s1 = *(char * const *)a;
4875 s2 = *(char * const *)b;
4876 return strcmp(file_name_from_path(s1), file_name_from_path(s2));
4879 int conf_files_list(char ***strv, const char *suffix, const char *dir, ...) {
4882 char **files = NULL;
4888 dirs = strv_new_ap(dir, ap);
4894 if (!strv_path_canonicalize(dirs)) {
4898 if (!strv_uniq(dirs)) {
4903 fh = hashmap_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func);
4909 STRV_FOREACH(p, dirs) {
4910 if (files_add(fh, *p, suffix) < 0) {
4911 log_error("Failed to search for files.");
4917 files = hashmap_get_strv(fh);
4918 if (files == NULL) {
4919 log_error("Failed to compose list of files.");
4924 qsort(files, hashmap_size(fh), sizeof(char *), base_cmp);
4933 int hwclock_is_localtime(void) {
4938 * The third line of adjtime is "UTC" or "LOCAL" or nothing.
4944 f = fopen("/etc/adjtime", "re");
4946 char line[LINE_MAX];
4949 b = fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
4950 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f) &&
4951 fgets(line, sizeof(line), f);
4960 local = streq(line, "LOCAL");
4962 } else if (errno != -ENOENT)
4968 int hwclock_apply_localtime_delta(int *min) {
4969 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
4975 assert_se(clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts) == 0);
4976 assert_se(tm = localtime(&ts.tv_sec));
4977 minuteswest = tm->tm_gmtoff / 60;
4979 tz.tz_minuteswest = -minuteswest;
4980 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
4983 * If the hardware clock does not run in UTC, but in local time:
4984 * The very first time we set the kernel's timezone, it will warp
4985 * the clock so that it runs in UTC instead of local time.
4987 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
4994 int hwclock_reset_localtime_delta(void) {
4995 const struct timeval *tv_null = NULL;
4998 tz.tz_minuteswest = 0;
4999 tz.tz_dsttime = 0; /* DST_NONE*/
5001 if (settimeofday(tv_null, &tz) < 0)
5007 int hwclock_get_time(struct tm *tm) {
5013 fd = open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5017 /* This leaves the timezone fields of struct tm
5019 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_RD_TIME, tm) < 0)
5022 /* We don't now daylight saving, so we reset this in order not
5023 * to confused mktime(). */
5026 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5031 int hwclock_set_time(const struct tm *tm) {
5037 fd = open("/dev/rtc0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
5041 if (ioctl(fd, RTC_SET_TIME, tm) < 0)
5044 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
5049 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
5055 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5059 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
5061 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5069 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
5073 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5084 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
5086 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
5088 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5096 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
5097 r = close_nointr(fdt);
5107 int symlink_or_copy(const char *from, const char *to) {
5108 char *pf = NULL, *pt = NULL;
5115 if (parent_of_path(from, &pf) < 0 ||
5116 parent_of_path(to, &pt) < 0) {
5121 if (stat(pf, &a) < 0 ||
5127 if (a.st_dev != b.st_dev) {
5131 return copy_file(from, to);
5134 if (symlink(from, to) < 0) {
5148 int symlink_or_copy_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
5152 unsigned long long ull;
5159 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
5163 fn = file_name_from_path(to);
5167 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
5170 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
5171 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
5177 r = symlink_or_copy(from, t);
5184 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
5195 int audit_session_from_pid(pid_t pid, uint32_t *id) {
5203 if (have_effective_cap(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) <= 0)
5206 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/sessionid", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
5209 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5214 r = safe_atou32(s, &u);
5220 if (u == (uint32_t) -1 || u <= 0)
5227 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
5231 display[0] == ':' &&
5232 display[1] >= '0' &&
5236 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
5243 if (!display_is_local(display))
5246 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
5248 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
5252 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
5253 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
5261 int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
5268 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
5269 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5271 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
5285 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
5289 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
5290 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
5291 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
5292 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
5293 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
5295 *username = p->pw_name;
5298 p = getpwnam(*username);
5302 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5316 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
5322 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
5323 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
5325 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
5326 *groupname = "root";
5334 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
5339 *groupname = g->gr_name;
5342 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
5346 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5354 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
5362 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
5364 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
5366 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
5369 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
5371 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
5378 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
5384 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
5387 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
5391 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
5392 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
5393 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
5394 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
5395 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
5396 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
5397 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
5403 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
5407 r = parent_of_path(path, &parent);
5413 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5414 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
5425 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
5433 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
5434 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
5439 struct dirent buffer, *de;
5442 k = readdir_r(d, &buffer, &de);
5451 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5453 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5457 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5461 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5470 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5472 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5496 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5497 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5498 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5499 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5500 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5503 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5505 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5506 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5507 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5508 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5509 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5510 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5511 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5514 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5516 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5517 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5518 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5519 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5520 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5521 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5522 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5523 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5524 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5525 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5526 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5527 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5528 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5529 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5530 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5531 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5532 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5533 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5534 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5535 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5536 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5539 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5541 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5542 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5543 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5544 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5546 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5547 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5548 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5549 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5552 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5554 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5555 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5556 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5557 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5558 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5562 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5564 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5565 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5566 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5567 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5568 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5569 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5570 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5571 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5572 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5573 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5574 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5575 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5576 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5577 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5578 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5579 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5580 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5583 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5585 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5586 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5587 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5588 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5589 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5592 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5594 static const char *const signal_table[] = {
5611 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5622 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5624 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5630 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(signal, int);