1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
53 #include <sys/capability.h>
55 #include <linux/rtc.h>
67 #include "exit-status.h"
71 char **saved_argv = NULL;
73 size_t page_size(void) {
74 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
77 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
80 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
87 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
89 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
100 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
103 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
105 return timespec_load(&ts);
108 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
111 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
112 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
117 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
126 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
128 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
130 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
131 ts->monotonic -= delta;
139 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
143 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
144 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
147 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
150 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
151 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
156 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
160 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
161 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
164 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
167 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
168 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
173 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
180 pl = strlen(postfix);
188 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
191 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
206 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
209 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
225 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
226 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
233 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
248 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
252 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
255 int close_nointr(int fd) {
270 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
271 int saved_errno = errno;
273 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
276 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
281 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
284 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
285 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
288 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
291 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
293 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
299 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
300 unsigned long ul = 0;
307 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
312 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
322 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
323 unsigned long ul = 0;
330 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
335 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
342 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
350 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
352 if (!x || *x || errno)
353 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
355 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
358 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
362 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
370 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
372 if (!x || *x || errno)
373 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
375 if ((long) (int) l != l)
382 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
384 unsigned long long l;
390 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
392 if (!x || *x || errno)
393 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
399 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
407 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
409 if (!x || *x || errno)
410 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
416 /* Split a string into words. */
417 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
420 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
422 if (!*current || *c == 0)
425 current += strspn(current, separator);
426 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
429 return (char*) current;
432 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
433 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
434 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
436 bool escaped = false;
438 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
440 if (!*current || *c == 0)
443 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
445 if (*current == '\'') {
448 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
458 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
459 } else if (*current == '\"') {
462 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
472 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
474 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
479 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
486 return (char*) current;
489 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
493 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
496 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
504 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
507 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
513 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
516 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
519 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
520 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
527 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
528 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
529 * skip over it manually */
531 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
542 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
545 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
550 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
553 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
558 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
561 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
564 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
565 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
572 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
573 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
574 * skip over it manually */
576 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
597 "%*d " /* priority */
599 "%*d " /* num_threads */
600 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
601 "%llu " /* starttime */,
608 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
615 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
619 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
624 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
642 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
647 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
653 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
661 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
665 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
668 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
673 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
684 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
700 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
703 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
712 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
738 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
745 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
748 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
754 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024) {
759 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
766 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
772 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
787 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
811 const char *separator, ...) {
814 char *contents = NULL, *p;
819 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
824 const char *key = NULL;
826 p += strspn(p, separator);
827 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
832 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
836 va_start(ap, separator);
837 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
841 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
844 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
849 n = strcspn(p, separator);
852 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
854 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
865 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
882 p += strcspn(p, separator);
901 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
905 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
908 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
921 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
924 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
925 log_error("Out of memory");
930 t = strv_append(m, u);
934 log_error("Out of memory");
957 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
962 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
966 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
982 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
997 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
1000 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
1004 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1010 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
1013 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1016 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
1023 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1030 assert(max_length > 0);
1034 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1037 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1047 r = new(char, max_length);
1055 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1077 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1078 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1085 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1095 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1099 r = join("[", t, "]", NULL);
1110 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1120 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1129 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1133 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1136 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1141 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1147 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1150 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1153 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1160 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1170 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1180 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1182 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1192 if (startswith(l, "Uid:")) {
1194 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1196 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1198 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1211 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1219 return strndup(suffix, b);
1229 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
1233 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1239 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1240 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1243 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1253 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1256 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1262 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1273 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1280 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1283 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1293 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1300 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1304 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1311 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1316 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
1317 const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
1327 for (e = path; *e; e++) {
1329 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
1333 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
1348 r = strndup(path, p-path);
1358 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
1363 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
1369 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
1375 bool is_path(const char *p) {
1377 return !!strchr(p, '/');
1380 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
1383 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1384 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1386 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
1389 return join(prefix, "/", p, NULL);
1392 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
1397 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1398 * current working directory. */
1400 if (path_is_absolute(p))
1403 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
1406 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
1412 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
1415 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1416 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1417 * changes on failure. */
1419 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1422 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
1432 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
1435 bool enomem = false;
1437 if (strv_isempty(l))
1440 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1441 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1442 * changes on failure. */
1444 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1447 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1456 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1460 if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1477 char **strv_path_remove_empty(char **l) {
1483 for (f = t = l; *f; f++) {
1485 if (dir_is_empty(*f) > 0) {
1497 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1500 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1501 struct sigaction sa;
1503 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1507 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1508 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1510 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1511 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1512 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1513 if (errno != EINVAL)
1520 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1523 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1524 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1526 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1528 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1529 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1537 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1540 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1542 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1543 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1554 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1560 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1561 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1567 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1574 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1575 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1578 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1579 return strdup(filename);
1581 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1582 return strdup(filename);
1584 k = strlen(filename);
1585 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1588 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1589 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1594 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1597 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1598 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1601 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1604 if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1607 !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1616 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1621 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1624 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1629 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1630 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1632 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1637 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1640 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1643 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1648 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1653 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1656 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1662 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1671 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1672 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1678 /* Skip last component */
1679 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1682 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1683 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1689 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1692 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1701 if (errno != ENOENT)
1709 char hexchar(int x) {
1710 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1712 return table[x & 15];
1715 int unhexchar(char c) {
1717 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1720 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1721 return c - 'a' + 10;
1723 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1724 return c - 'A' + 10;
1729 char octchar(int x) {
1730 return '0' + (x & 7);
1733 int unoctchar(char c) {
1735 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1741 char decchar(int x) {
1742 return '0' + (x % 10);
1745 int undecchar(char c) {
1747 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1753 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1759 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1761 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1764 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1810 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1811 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1812 * g_strescape() does the same */
1813 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1815 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1816 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1817 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1828 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1834 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1836 if (!(r = new(char, length+1)))
1839 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1882 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1887 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1890 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1891 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1892 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1896 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1911 /* octal encoding */
1914 if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
1915 (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1916 (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1917 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1921 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1929 /* premature end of string.*/
1934 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1946 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1947 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1950 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1954 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1955 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1958 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1961 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1963 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1964 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1967 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1968 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1978 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1984 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1985 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1987 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1990 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1992 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1993 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1994 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1996 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1997 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
2007 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
2012 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
2015 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
2020 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
2021 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
2022 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
2025 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
2037 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
2041 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
2042 * passed string in-place.
2044 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
2047 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
2062 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
2063 trailing slash is good */
2065 if (t == path && slash)
2072 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
2076 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
2082 path += strspn(path, "/");
2083 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
2091 a = strcspn(path, "/");
2092 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
2097 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
2105 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
2109 if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
2115 a += strspn(a, "/");
2116 b += strspn(b, "/");
2118 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
2121 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
2124 j = strcspn(a, "/");
2125 k = strcspn(b, "/");
2130 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
2138 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
2143 for (p = t; *p; p++)
2144 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
2145 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
2150 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
2154 filename[0] == '.' ||
2155 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
2156 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
2157 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
2158 endswith(filename, "~") ||
2159 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
2160 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
2161 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
2162 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
2163 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
2164 endswith(filename, ".swp");
2167 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
2172 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
2176 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
2178 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
2180 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
2186 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
2191 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
2195 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
2197 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
2199 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
2205 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
2210 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
2213 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
2216 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
2219 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
2220 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
2234 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
2235 if (except[i] == fd) {
2244 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
2245 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
2246 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
2255 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
2258 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
2259 for (p = a; *p; p++)
2266 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2276 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
2278 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
2284 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2287 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2289 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
2294 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
2295 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
2296 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
2297 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
2298 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
2299 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
2300 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
2301 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2302 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
2303 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
2304 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
2305 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
2306 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
2307 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
2308 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2309 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
2310 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2311 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
2312 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
2313 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
2314 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
2315 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2316 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
2317 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2318 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2319 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
2320 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2321 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2322 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
2323 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
2324 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
2325 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
2326 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
2327 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
2328 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
2329 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
2330 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
2332 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
2333 (unsigned long long) d);
2335 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2341 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2342 static const struct {
2346 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2347 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2348 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2349 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2350 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2351 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2361 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2365 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2370 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2372 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2376 if (t < table[i].usec)
2382 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2383 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2396 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2397 static const char * const table[] = {
2409 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2410 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2419 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2424 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2428 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0) {
2433 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2436 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2440 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2444 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2445 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2447 char line[LINE_MAX];
2452 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2453 new_termios = old_termios;
2455 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2456 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2457 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2459 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2462 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2463 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2464 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2469 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2471 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2477 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2484 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2485 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2488 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2493 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2503 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2510 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2516 bool need_nl = true;
2519 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2526 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2530 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2533 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2534 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2545 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2550 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2554 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2555 struct termios termios;
2558 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2562 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2563 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2564 * interfere with that. */
2566 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2567 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2569 /* Switch to text mode */
2571 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2573 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2574 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2576 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2581 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2582 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2583 * else will do that for us */
2585 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2586 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2587 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2588 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2589 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2591 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2592 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2593 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2594 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2595 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2596 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2597 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2598 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2599 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2600 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2601 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2602 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2603 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2605 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2606 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2608 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2612 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2613 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2618 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2621 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2625 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2626 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2631 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2636 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2637 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2638 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2639 * retrying a couple of times.
2641 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2645 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2654 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2661 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2662 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2667 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2674 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2675 struct pollfd pollfd;
2679 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2686 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2697 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2702 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2713 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2714 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2718 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2719 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2720 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2722 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2723 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2724 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2725 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2726 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2727 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2728 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2729 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2731 if (!fail && !force) {
2732 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2737 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2745 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2748 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2749 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2750 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2751 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2754 /* First, try to get the tty */
2755 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2757 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2758 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2759 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2760 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2763 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2773 assert(notify >= 0);
2776 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2778 struct inotify_event *e;
2780 if ((l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2789 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2794 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2799 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2800 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2802 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2809 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2810 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2811 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2812 * an endless loop. */
2813 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2817 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2819 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2821 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2827 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2830 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2835 int release_terminal(void) {
2837 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2839 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2842 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2843 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2846 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2847 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2848 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2850 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2853 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2855 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2859 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2864 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2865 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2872 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2873 struct sigaction sa;
2878 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2879 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2881 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2885 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2886 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2893 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2894 struct sigaction sa;
2899 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2900 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2902 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2906 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2907 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2914 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2920 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2925 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2929 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2932 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2941 while (nbytes > 0) {
2944 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2946 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2949 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2950 struct pollfd pollfd;
2954 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2956 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2960 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2963 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2964 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2969 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2980 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2989 while (nbytes > 0) {
2992 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2995 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2998 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2999 struct pollfd pollfd;
3003 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
3005 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
3009 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
3012 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
3013 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
3018 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
3029 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t, bool allow_symlink) {
3040 if (errno == ENOENT)
3046 r = parent_of_path(t, &parent);
3050 r = lstat(parent, &b);
3056 return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
3059 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
3060 static const struct {
3064 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
3065 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
3066 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
3067 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
3068 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
3069 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
3070 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
3071 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
3072 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
3073 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
3076 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
3092 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
3103 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
3105 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3106 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
3107 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
3108 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
3112 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
3122 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
3123 static const struct {
3129 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
3130 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3131 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3132 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3133 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
3150 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
3161 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
3163 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
3164 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
3165 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
3166 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
3170 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
3180 int make_stdio(int fd) {
3185 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
3186 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
3187 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
3190 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3192 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
3195 fd_cloexec(STDIN_FILENO, false);
3196 fd_cloexec(STDOUT_FILENO, false);
3197 fd_cloexec(STDERR_FILENO, false);
3202 int make_null_stdio(void) {
3205 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3208 return make_stdio(null_fd);
3211 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
3213 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3214 * sysfs or in /dev */
3217 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
3218 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
3221 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
3224 struct dirent buf, *de;
3226 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
3230 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
3240 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
3250 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3255 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
3258 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3259 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3261 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3267 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3270 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3273 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3274 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3275 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3276 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3277 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3278 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3281 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3283 if (program_invocation_name)
3284 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3286 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3290 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3292 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3296 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3301 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3308 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3309 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3313 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3316 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3319 return strdup(u.nodename);
3321 return strdup(u.sysname);
3324 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3328 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3331 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3336 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3338 return strdup("root");
3340 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
3343 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
3346 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
3347 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
3354 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3360 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3361 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3366 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
3371 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
3378 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3382 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
3385 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3387 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3394 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3396 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3397 unsigned long ttynr;
3400 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3403 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3408 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3409 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3416 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3426 "%*d " /* session */
3435 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3437 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3442 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3446 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3449 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3454 /* This is an ugly hack */
3455 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3456 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3466 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3467 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3468 * vaguely useful. */
3470 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3480 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3482 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3500 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky) {
3506 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3509 if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3510 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3512 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3516 struct dirent buf, *de;
3517 bool is_dir, keep_around = false;
3520 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {