src/systemctl.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <sys/reboot.h>
  23 #include <stdio.h>
  24 #include <getopt.h>
  25 #include <stdbool.h>
  26 #include <string.h>
  27 #include <errno.h>
  28 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
  29 #include <termios.h>
  30 #include <unistd.h>
  31 #include <fcntl.h>
  32 #include <sys/socket.h>
  33
  34 #include <dbus/dbus.h>
  35
  36 #include "log.h"
  37 #include "util.h"
  38 #include "macro.h"
  39 #include "set.h"
  40 #include "utmp-wtmp.h"
  41 #include "special.h"
  42 #include "initreq.h"
  43 #include "strv.h"
  44
  45 static const char *arg_type = NULL;
  46 static const char *arg_property = NULL;
  47 static bool arg_all = false;
  48 static bool arg_replace = false;
  49 static bool arg_session = false;
  50 static bool arg_no_block = false;
  51 static bool arg_immediate = false;
  52 static bool arg_no_wtmp = false;
  53 static bool arg_no_sync = false;
  54 static bool arg_no_wall = false;
  55 static bool arg_dry = false;
  56 static bool arg_quiet = false;
  57 static char **arg_wall = NULL;
  58 enum action {
  59         ACTION_INVALID,
  60         ACTION_SYSTEMCTL,
  61         ACTION_HALT,
  62         ACTION_POWEROFF,
  63         ACTION_REBOOT,
  64         ACTION_RUNLEVEL2,
  65         ACTION_RUNLEVEL3,
  66         ACTION_RUNLEVEL4,
  67         ACTION_RUNLEVEL5,
  68         ACTION_RESCUE,
  69         ACTION_EMERGENCY,
  70         ACTION_DEFAULT,
  71         ACTION_RELOAD,
  72         ACTION_REEXEC,
  73         ACTION_RUNLEVEL,
  74         _ACTION_MAX
  75 } arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
  76
  77 static bool error_is_no_service(DBusError *error) {
  78
  79         assert(error);
  80
  81         if (!dbus_error_is_set(error))
  82                 return false;
  83
  84         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_NAME_HAS_NO_OWNER))
  85                 return true;
  86
  87         if (dbus_error_has_name(error, DBUS_ERROR_SERVICE_UNKNOWN))
  88                 return true;
  89
  90         return startswith(error->name, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.");
  91 }
  92
  93 static int bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(DBusMessageIter *iter, int type, void *data, bool next) {
  94
  95         assert(iter);
  96         assert(data);
  97
  98         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter) != type)
  99                 return -EIO;
 100
 101         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, data);
 102
 103         if (!dbus_message_iter_next(iter) != !next)
 104                 return -EIO;
 105
 106         return 0;
 107 }
 108
 109 static int bus_check_peercred(DBusConnection *c) {
 110         int fd;
 111         struct ucred ucred;
 112         socklen_t l;
 113
 114         assert(c);
 115
 116         assert_se(dbus_connection_get_unix_fd(c, &fd));
 117
 118         l = sizeof(struct ucred);
 119         if (getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &ucred, &l) < 0) {
 120                 log_error("SO_PEERCRED failed: %m");
 121                 return -errno;
 122         }
 123
 124         if (l != sizeof(struct ucred)) {
 125                 log_error("SO_PEERCRED returned wrong size.");
 126                 return -E2BIG;
 127         }
 128
 129         if (ucred.uid != 0)
 130                 return -EPERM;
 131
 132         return 1;
 133 }
 134
 135 static int columns(void) {
 136         static int parsed_columns = 0;
 137         const char *e;
 138
 139         if (parsed_columns > 0)
 140                 return parsed_columns;
 141
 142         if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS")))
 143                 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
 144
 145         if (parsed_columns <= 0) {
 146                 struct winsize ws;
 147                 zero(ws);
 148
 149                 if (ioctl(STDIN_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
 150                         parsed_columns = ws.ws_col;
 151         }
 152
 153         if (parsed_columns <= 0)
 154                 parsed_columns = 80;
 155
 156         return parsed_columns;
 157
 158 }
 159
 160 static void warn_wall(enum action action) {
 161         static const char *table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 162                 [ACTION_HALT]      = "The system is going down for system halt NOW!",
 163                 [ACTION_REBOOT]    = "The system is going down for reboot NOW!",
 164                 [ACTION_POWEROFF]  = "The system is going down for power-off NOW!",
 165                 [ACTION_RESCUE]    = "The system is going down to rescue mode NOW!",
 166                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = "The system is going down to emergency mode NOW!"
 167         };
 168
 169         if (arg_no_wall)
 170                 return;
 171
 172         if (arg_wall) {
 173                 char *p;
 174
 175                 if (!(p = strv_join(arg_wall, " "))) {
 176                         log_error("Failed to join strings.");
 177                         return;
 178                 }
 179
 180                 if (*p) {
 181                         utmp_wall(p);
 182                         free(p);
 183                         return;
 184                 }
 185
 186                 free(p);
 187         }
 188
 189         if (!table[action])
 190                 return;
 191
 192         utmp_wall(table[action]);
 193 }
 194
 195 static int list_units(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 196         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 197         DBusError error;
 198         int r;
 199         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 200         unsigned k = 0;
 201
 202         dbus_error_init(&error);
 203
 204         assert(bus);
 205
 206         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 207                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 208                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 209                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 210                               "ListUnits"))) {
 211                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 212                 return -ENOMEM;
 213         }
 214
 215         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 216                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 217                 r = -EIO;
 218                 goto finish;
 219         }
 220
 221         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 222             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 223             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 224                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 225                 r = -EIO;
 226                 goto finish;
 227         }
 228
 229         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 230
 231         printf("%-45s %-6s %-12s %-12s %-15s %s\n", "UNIT", "LOAD", "ACTIVE", "SUB", "JOB", "DESCRIPTION");
 232
 233         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 234                 const char *id, *description, *load_state, *active_state, *sub_state, *unit_state, *job_type, *job_path, *dot;
 235                 uint32_t job_id;
 236
 237                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 238                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 239                         r = -EIO;
 240                         goto finish;
 241                 }
 242
 243                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 244
 245                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id, true) < 0 ||
 246                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &description, true) < 0 ||
 247                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &load_state, true) < 0 ||
 248                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &active_state, true) < 0 ||
 249                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &sub_state, true) < 0 ||
 250                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_state, true) < 0 ||
 251                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &job_id, true) < 0 ||
 252                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &job_type, true) < 0 ||
 253                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, false) < 0) {
 254                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 255                         r = -EIO;
 256                         goto finish;
 257                 }
 258
 259                 if ((!arg_type || ((dot = strrchr(id, '.')) &&
 260                                    streq(dot+1, arg_type))) &&
 261                     (arg_all || !streq(active_state, "inactive"))) {
 262
 263                         int a = 0, b = 0;
 264
 265                         printf("%-45s %-6s %-12s %-12s%n", id, load_state, active_state, sub_state, &a);
 266
 267                         if (job_id != 0)
 268                                 printf(" %-15s%n", job_type, &b);
 269                         else
 270                                 b = 1 + 15;
 271
 272                         if (a + b + 2 < columns()) {
 273                                 if (job_id == 0)
 274                                         printf("                ");
 275
 276                                 printf("%.*s", columns() - a - b - 2, description);
 277                         }
 278
 279                         fputs("\n", stdout);
 280                         k++;
 281                 }
 282
 283                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 284         }
 285
 286         if (arg_all)
 287                 printf("\n%u units listed.\n", k);
 288         else
 289                 printf("\n%u live units listed. Pass --all to see dead units, too.\n", k);
 290
 291         r = 0;
 292
 293 finish:
 294         if (m)
 295                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 296
 297         if (reply)
 298                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 299
 300         dbus_error_free(&error);
 301
 302         return r;
 303 }
 304
 305 static int list_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 306         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 307         DBusError error;
 308         int r;
 309         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
 310         unsigned k = 0;
 311
 312         dbus_error_init(&error);
 313
 314         assert(bus);
 315
 316         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 317                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 318                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 319                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 320                               "ListJobs"))) {
 321                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 322                 return -ENOMEM;
 323         }
 324
 325         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 326                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 327                 r = -EIO;
 328                 goto finish;
 329         }
 330
 331         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 332             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
 333             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT)  {
 334                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 335                 r = -EIO;
 336                 goto finish;
 337         }
 338
 339         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 340
 341         printf("%4s %-45s %-17s %-7s\n", "JOB", "UNIT", "TYPE", "STATE");
 342
 343         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
 344                 const char *name, *type, *state, *job_path, *unit_path;
 345                 uint32_t id;
 346
 347                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
 348                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 349                         r = -EIO;
 350                         goto finish;
 351                 }
 352
 353                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
 354
 355                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id, true) < 0 ||
 356                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0 ||
 357                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) < 0 ||
 358                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &state, true) < 0 ||
 359                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &job_path, true) < 0 ||
 360                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &unit_path, false) < 0) {
 361                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 362                         r = -EIO;
 363                         goto finish;
 364                 }
 365
 366                 printf("%4u %-45s %-17s %-7s\n", id, name, type, state);
 367                 k++;
 368
 369                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
 370         }
 371
 372         printf("\n%u jobs listed.\n", k);
 373         r = 0;
 374
 375 finish:
 376         if (m)
 377                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 378
 379         if (reply)
 380                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 381
 382         dbus_error_free(&error);
 383
 384         return r;
 385 }
 386
 387 static int load_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 388         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 389         DBusError error;
 390         int r;
 391         unsigned i;
 392
 393         dbus_error_init(&error);
 394
 395         assert(bus);
 396         assert(args);
 397
 398         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 399
 400                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 401                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 402                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 403                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 404                                       "LoadUnit"))) {
 405                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 406                         r = -ENOMEM;
 407                         goto finish;
 408                 }
 409
 410                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 411                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 412                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 413                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 414                         r = -ENOMEM;
 415                         goto finish;
 416                 }
 417
 418                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 419                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 420                         r = -EIO;
 421                         goto finish;
 422                 }
 423
 424                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 425                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 426
 427                 m = reply = NULL;
 428         }
 429
 430         r = 0;
 431
 432 finish:
 433         if (m)
 434                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 435
 436         if (reply)
 437                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 438
 439         dbus_error_free(&error);
 440
 441         return r;
 442 }
 443
 444 static int cancel_job(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 445         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 446         DBusError error;
 447         int r;
 448         unsigned i;
 449
 450         dbus_error_init(&error);
 451
 452         assert(bus);
 453         assert(args);
 454
 455         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 456                 unsigned id;
 457                 const char *path;
 458
 459                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 460                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 461                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 462                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 463                                       "GetJob"))) {
 464                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 465                         r = -ENOMEM;
 466                         goto finish;
 467                 }
 468
 469                 if ((r = safe_atou(args[i], &id)) < 0) {
 470                         log_error("Failed to parse job id: %s", strerror(-r));
 471                         goto finish;
 472                 }
 473
 474                 assert_cc(sizeof(uint32_t) == sizeof(id));
 475                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 476                                               DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 477                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 478                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 479                         r = -ENOMEM;
 480                         goto finish;
 481                 }
 482
 483                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 484                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 485                         r = -EIO;
 486                         goto finish;
 487                 }
 488
 489                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 490                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 491                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 492                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
 493                         r = -EIO;
 494                         goto finish;
 495                 }
 496
 497                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 498                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 499                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 500                                       path,
 501                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job",
 502                                       "Cancel"))) {
 503                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 504                         r = -ENOMEM;
 505                         goto finish;
 506                 }
 507
 508                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 509                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 510                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 511                         r = -EIO;
 512                         goto finish;
 513                 }
 514
 515                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 516                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 517                 m = reply = NULL;
 518         }
 519
 520         r = 0;
 521
 522 finish:
 523         if (m)
 524                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 525
 526         if (reply)
 527                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 528
 529         dbus_error_free(&error);
 530
 531         return r;
 532 }
 533
 534 typedef struct WaitData {
 535         Set *set;
 536         bool failed;
 537 } WaitData;
 538
 539 static DBusHandlerResult wait_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
 540         DBusError error;
 541         WaitData *d = data;
 542
 543         assert(connection);
 544         assert(message);
 545         assert(d);
 546
 547         dbus_error_init(&error);
 548
 549         /* log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s", */
 550         /*           dbus_message_get_interface(message), */
 551         /*           dbus_message_get_member(message), */
 552         /*           dbus_message_get_path(message)); */
 553
 554         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
 555                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
 556                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
 557
 558         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
 559                 uint32_t id;
 560                 const char *path;
 561                 dbus_bool_t success = true;
 562
 563                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
 564                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
 565                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 566                                            DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &success,
 567                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
 568                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
 569                 else {
 570                         char *p;
 571
 572                         if ((p = set_remove(d->set, (char*) path)))
 573                                 free(p);
 574
 575                         if (!success)
 576                                 d->failed = true;
 577                 }
 578         }
 579
 580         dbus_error_free(&error);
 581         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
 582 }
 583
 584 static int enable_wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus) {
 585         DBusError error;
 586         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 587         int r;
 588
 589         assert(bus);
 590
 591         dbus_error_init(&error);
 592
 593         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
 594                            "type='signal',"
 595                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
 596                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
 597                            "member='JobRemoved',"
 598                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
 599                            &error);
 600
 601         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
 602                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
 603                 r = -EIO;
 604                 goto finish;
 605         }
 606
 607         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 608                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 609                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 610                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 611                               "Subscribe"))) {
 612                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 613                 r = -ENOMEM;
 614                 goto finish;
 615         }
 616
 617         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 618                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 619                 r = -EIO;
 620                 goto finish;
 621         }
 622
 623         r = 0;
 624
 625 finish:
 626         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the match registrations. */
 627
 628         if (m)
 629                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 630
 631         if (reply)
 632                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 633
 634         dbus_error_free(&error);
 635
 636         return r;
 637 }
 638
 639 static int wait_for_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, Set *s) {
 640         int r;
 641         WaitData d;
 642
 643         assert(bus);
 644         assert(s);
 645
 646         zero(d);
 647         d.set = s;
 648         d.failed = false;
 649
 650         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, wait_filter, &d, NULL)) {
 651                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
 652                 r = -ENOMEM;
 653                 goto finish;
 654         }
 655
 656         while (!set_isempty(s) &&
 657                dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
 658                 ;
 659
 660         if (!arg_quiet && d.failed)
 661                 log_error("Job failed, see logs for details.");
 662
 663         r = d.failed ? -EIO : 0;
 664
 665 finish:
 666         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter registration. */
 667
 668         return r;
 669 }
 670
 671 static int start_unit_one(
 672                 DBusConnection *bus,
 673                 const char *method,
 674                 const char *name,
 675                 const char *mode,
 676                 Set *s) {
 677
 678         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 679         DBusError error;
 680         int r;
 681
 682         assert(bus);
 683         assert(method);
 684         assert(name);
 685         assert(mode);
 686         assert(arg_no_block || s);
 687
 688         dbus_error_init(&error);
 689
 690         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 691                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 692                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 693                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 694                               method))) {
 695                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 696                 r = -ENOMEM;
 697                 goto finish;
 698         }
 699
 700         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 701                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
 702                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &mode,
 703                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 704                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 705                 r = -ENOMEM;
 706                 goto finish;
 707         }
 708
 709         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 710
 711                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
 712                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
 713                          * legacy actions. */
 714                         r = 0;
 715                         goto finish;
 716                 }
 717
 718                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 719                 r = -EIO;
 720                 goto finish;
 721         }
 722
 723         if (!arg_no_block) {
 724                 const char *path;
 725                 char *p;
 726
 727                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 728                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 729                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 730                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
 731                         r = -EIO;
 732                         goto finish;
 733                 }
 734
 735                 if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
 736                         log_error("Failed to duplicate path.");
 737                         r = -ENOMEM;
 738                         goto finish;
 739                 }
 740
 741                 if ((r = set_put(s, p)) < 0) {
 742                         free(p);
 743                         log_error("Failed to add path to set.");
 744                         goto finish;
 745                 }
 746         }
 747
 748         r = 1;
 749
 750 finish:
 751         if (m)
 752                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 753
 754         if (reply)
 755                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 756
 757         dbus_error_free(&error);
 758
 759         return r;
 760 }
 761
 762 static enum action verb_to_action(const char *verb) {
 763         if (streq(verb, "halt"))
 764                 return ACTION_HALT;
 765         else if (streq(verb, "poweroff"))
 766                 return ACTION_POWEROFF;
 767         else if (streq(verb, "reboot"))
 768                 return ACTION_REBOOT;
 769         else if (streq(verb, "rescue"))
 770                 return ACTION_RESCUE;
 771         else if (streq(verb, "emergency"))
 772                 return ACTION_EMERGENCY;
 773         else if (streq(verb, "default"))
 774                 return ACTION_DEFAULT;
 775         else
 776                 return ACTION_INVALID;
 777 }
 778
 779 static int start_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 780
 781         static const char * const table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
 782                 [ACTION_HALT] = SPECIAL_HALT_TARGET,
 783                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] = SPECIAL_POWEROFF_TARGET,
 784                 [ACTION_REBOOT] = SPECIAL_REBOOT_TARGET,
 785                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL2_TARGET,
 786                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL3_TARGET,
 787                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL4_TARGET,
 788                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = SPECIAL_RUNLEVEL5_TARGET,
 789                 [ACTION_RESCUE] = SPECIAL_RESCUE_TARGET,
 790                 [ACTION_EMERGENCY] = SPECIAL_EMERGENCY_SERVICE,
 791                 [ACTION_DEFAULT] = SPECIAL_DEFAULT_TARGET
 792         };
 793
 794         int r;
 795         unsigned i;
 796         const char *method, *mode, *one_name;
 797         Set *s = NULL;
 798
 799         assert(bus);
 800
 801         if (arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL) {
 802                 method =
 803                         streq(args[0], "stop")    ? "StopUnit" :
 804                         streq(args[0], "reload")  ? "ReloadUnit" :
 805                         streq(args[0], "restart") ? "RestartUnit" :
 806                                                     "StartUnit";
 807
 808                 mode =
 809                         (streq(args[0], "isolate") ||
 810                          streq(args[0], "rescue")  ||
 811                          streq(args[0], "emergency")) ? "isolate" :
 812                                           arg_replace ? "replace" :
 813                                                         "fail";
 814
 815                 one_name = table[verb_to_action(args[0])];
 816
 817         } else {
 818                 assert(arg_action < ELEMENTSOF(table));
 819                 assert(table[arg_action]);
 820
 821                 method = "StartUnit";
 822
 823                 mode = (arg_action == ACTION_EMERGENCY ||
 824                         arg_action == ACTION_RESCUE) ? "isolate" : "replace";
 825
 826                 one_name = table[arg_action];
 827         }
 828
 829         if (!arg_no_block) {
 830                 if ((r = enable_wait_for_jobs(bus)) < 0) {
 831                         log_error("Could not watch jobs: %s", strerror(-r));
 832                         goto finish;
 833                 }
 834
 835                 if (!(s = set_new(string_hash_func, string_compare_func))) {
 836                         log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
 837                         r = -ENOMEM;
 838                         goto finish;
 839                 }
 840         }
 841
 842         r = 0;
 843
 844         if (one_name) {
 845                 if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, one_name, mode, s)) <= 0)
 846                         goto finish;
 847         } else {
 848                 for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
 849                         if ((r = start_unit_one(bus, method, args[i], mode, s)) < 0)
 850                                 goto finish;
 851         }
 852
 853         if (!arg_no_block)
 854                 r = wait_for_jobs(bus, s);
 855
 856 finish:
 857         if (s)
 858                 set_free_free(s);
 859
 860         return r;
 861 }
 862
 863 static int start_special(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 864         assert(bus);
 865         assert(args);
 866
 867         warn_wall(verb_to_action(args[0]));
 868
 869         return start_unit(bus, args, n);
 870 }
 871
 872 static int check_unit(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
 873         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 874         const char
 875                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
 876                 *property = "ActiveState";
 877         int r = -EADDRNOTAVAIL;
 878         DBusError error;
 879         unsigned i;
 880
 881         assert(bus);
 882         assert(args);
 883
 884         dbus_error_init(&error);
 885
 886         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
 887                 const char *path = NULL;
 888                 const char *state;
 889                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
 890
 891                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 892                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 893                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
 894                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
 895                                       "GetUnit"))) {
 896                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 897                         r = -ENOMEM;
 898                         goto finish;
 899                 }
 900
 901                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 902                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
 903                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 904                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 905                         r = -ENOMEM;
 906                         goto finish;
 907                 }
 908
 909                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 910
 911                         /* Hmm, cannot figure out anything about this unit... */
 912                         if (!arg_quiet)
 913                                 puts("unknown");
 914
 915                         continue;
 916                 }
 917
 918                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
 919                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
 920                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 921                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
 922                         r = -EIO;
 923                         goto finish;
 924                 }
 925
 926                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 927                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
 928                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
 929                                       path,
 930                                       "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
 931                                       "Get"))) {
 932                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
 933                         r = -ENOMEM;
 934                         goto finish;
 935                 }
 936
 937                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
 938                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
 939                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
 940                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
 941                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
 942                         r = -ENOMEM;
 943                         goto finish;
 944                 }
 945
 946                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 947                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
 948                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
 949                         r = -EIO;
 950                         goto finish;
 951                 }
 952
 953                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
 954                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
 955                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 956                         r = -EIO;
 957                         goto finish;
 958                 }
 959
 960                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
 961
 962                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
 963                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
 964                         r = -EIO;
 965                         goto finish;
 966                 }
 967
 968                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &state);
 969
 970                 if (!arg_quiet)
 971                         puts(state);
 972
 973                 if (streq(state, "active") || startswith(state, "reloading"))
 974                         r = 0;
 975
 976                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 977                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 978                 m = reply = NULL;
 979         }
 980
 981 finish:
 982         if (m)
 983                 dbus_message_unref(m);
 984
 985         if (reply)
 986                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
 987
 988         dbus_error_free(&error);
 989
 990         return r;
 991 }
 992
 993 static int print_property(const char *name, DBusMessageIter *iter) {
 994         assert(name);
 995         assert(iter);
 996
 997         if (arg_property && !streq(name, arg_property))
 998                 return 0;
 999
1000         switch (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(iter)) {
1001
1002         case DBUS_TYPE_STRING: {
1003                 const char *s;
1004                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &s);
1005
1006                 if (arg_all || s[0])
1007                         printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
1008
1009                 return 0;
1010         }
1011
1012         case DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN: {
1013                 dbus_bool_t b;
1014                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &b);
1015                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, yes_no(b));
1016
1017                 return 0;
1018         }
1019
1020         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT64: {
1021                 uint64_t u;
1022                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1023
1024                 /* Yes, heuristics! But we can change this check
1025                  * should it turn out to not be sufficient */
1026
1027                 if (strstr(name, "Timestamp")) {
1028                         char timestamp[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX], *t;
1029
1030                         if ((t = format_timestamp(timestamp, sizeof(timestamp), u)) || arg_all)
1031                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, strempty(t));
1032                 } else
1033                         printf("%s=%llu\n", name, (unsigned long long) u);
1034
1035                 return 0;
1036         }
1037
1038         case DBUS_TYPE_UINT32: {
1039                 uint32_t u;
1040                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &u);
1041
1042                 if (strstr(name, "UMask") || strstr(name, "Mode"))
1043                         printf("%s=%04o\n", name, u);
1044                 else
1045                         printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
1046
1047                 return 0;
1048         }
1049
1050         case DBUS_TYPE_INT32: {
1051                 int32_t i;
1052                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(iter, &i);
1053
1054                 printf("%s=%i\n", name, (int) i);
1055                 return 0;
1056         }
1057
1058         case DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT: {
1059                 DBusMessageIter sub;
1060                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1061
1062                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_UINT32 && streq(name, "Job")) {
1063                         uint32_t u;
1064
1065                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
1066
1067                         if (u)
1068                                 printf("%s=%u\n", name, (unsigned) u);
1069                         else if (arg_all)
1070                                 printf("%s=\n", name);
1071
1072                         return 0;
1073                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING && streq(name, "Unit")) {
1074                         const char *s;
1075
1076                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
1077
1078                         if (arg_all || s[0])
1079                                 printf("%s=%s\n", name, s);
1080
1081                         return 0;
1082                 }
1083
1084                 break;
1085         }
1086
1087         case DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY:
1088
1089                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
1090                         DBusMessageIter sub;
1091                         bool space = false;
1092
1093                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1094
1095                         if (arg_all ||
1096                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1097                                 printf("%s=", name);
1098
1099                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1100                                         const char *s;
1101
1102                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRING);
1103                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &s);
1104                                         printf("%s%s", space ? " " : "", s);
1105
1106                                         space = true;
1107                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1108                                 }
1109
1110                                 puts("");
1111                         }
1112
1113                         return 0;
1114                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE) {
1115                         DBusMessageIter sub;
1116
1117                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1118
1119                         if (arg_all ||
1120                             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1121                                 printf("%s=", name);
1122
1123                                 while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1124                                         uint8_t u;
1125
1126                                         assert(dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_BYTE);
1127                                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &u);
1128                                         printf("%02x", u);
1129
1130                                         dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1131                                 }
1132
1133                                 puts("");
1134                         }
1135
1136                         return 0;
1137                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Paths")) {
1138                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
1139
1140                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1141
1142                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
1143                                 const char *type, *path;
1144
1145                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1146
1147                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &type, true) >= 0 &&
1148                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &path, false) >= 0)
1149                                         printf("%s=%s\n", type, path);
1150
1151                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1152                         }
1153
1154                         return 0;
1155                 } else if (dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(iter) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT && streq(name, "Timers")) {
1156                         DBusMessageIter sub, sub2;
1157
1158                         dbus_message_iter_recurse(iter, &sub);
1159
1160                         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) == DBUS_TYPE_STRUCT) {
1161                                 const char *base;
1162                                 uint64_t value, next_elapse;
1163
1164                                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1165
1166                                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &base, true) >= 0 &&
1167                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &value, true) >= 0 &&
1168                                     bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_UINT64, &next_elapse, false) >= 0)
1169                                         printf("%s=%llu\n", base, (unsigned long long) value);
1170
1171                                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1172                         }
1173
1174                         return 0;
1175                 }
1176
1177                 break;
1178         }
1179
1180         if (arg_all)
1181                 printf("%s=[unprintable]\n", name);
1182
1183         return 0;
1184 }
1185
1186 static int show_one(DBusConnection *bus, const char *path) {
1187         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1188         const char *interface = "";
1189         int r;
1190         DBusError error;
1191         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2, sub3;
1192
1193         assert(bus);
1194         assert(path);
1195
1196         dbus_error_init(&error);
1197
1198         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1199                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1200                               path,
1201                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1202                               "GetAll"))) {
1203                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1204                 r = -ENOMEM;
1205                 goto finish;
1206         }
1207
1208         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1209                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1210                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1211                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1212                 r = -ENOMEM;
1213                 goto finish;
1214         }
1215
1216         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1217                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1218                 r = -EIO;
1219                 goto finish;
1220         }
1221
1222         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1223             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1224             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY)  {
1225                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1226                 r = -EIO;
1227                 goto finish;
1228         }
1229
1230         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1231
1232         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1233                 const char *name;
1234
1235                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY) {
1236                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1237                         r = -EIO;
1238                         goto finish;
1239                 }
1240
1241                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1242
1243                 if (bus_iter_get_basic_and_next(&sub2, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name, true) < 0) {
1244                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1245                         r = -EIO;
1246                         goto finish;
1247                 }
1248
1249                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1250                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1251                         r = -EIO;
1252                         goto finish;
1253                 }
1254
1255                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub2, &sub3);
1256
1257                 if (print_property(name, &sub3) < 0) {
1258                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1259                         r = -EIO;
1260                         goto finish;
1261                 }
1262
1263                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub);
1264         }
1265
1266         r = 0;
1267
1268 finish:
1269         if (m)
1270                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1271
1272         if (reply)
1273                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1274
1275         dbus_error_free(&error);
1276
1277         return r;
1278 }
1279
1280 static int show(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1281         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1282         int r;
1283         DBusError error;
1284         unsigned i;
1285
1286         assert(bus);
1287         assert(args);
1288
1289         dbus_error_init(&error);
1290
1291         if (n <= 1) {
1292                 /* If not argument is specified inspect the manager
1293                  * itself */
1294
1295                 r = show_one(bus, "/org/freedesktop/systemd1");
1296                 goto finish;
1297         }
1298
1299         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1300                 const char *path = NULL;
1301                 uint32_t id;
1302
1303                 if (safe_atou32(args[i], &id) < 0) {
1304
1305                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1306                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1307                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1308                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1309                                               "LoadUnit"))) {
1310                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1311                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1312                                 goto finish;
1313                         }
1314
1315                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1316                                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1317                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1318                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1319                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1320                                 goto finish;
1321                         }
1322
1323                 } else {
1324
1325                         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1326                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1327                                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1328                                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1329                                               "GetJob"))) {
1330                                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1331                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1332                                 goto finish;
1333                         }
1334
1335                         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1336                                                       DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1337                                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1338                                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1339                                 r = -ENOMEM;
1340                                 goto finish;
1341                         }
1342                 }
1343
1344                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1345                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1346                         r = -EIO;
1347                         goto finish;
1348                 }
1349
1350                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1351                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1352                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1353                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1354                         r = -EIO;
1355                         goto finish;
1356                 }
1357
1358                 if ((r = show_one(bus, path)) < 0)
1359                         goto finish;
1360
1361                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1362                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1363                 m = reply = NULL;
1364         }
1365
1366         r = 0;
1367
1368 finish:
1369         if (m)
1370                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1371
1372         if (reply)
1373                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1374
1375         dbus_error_free(&error);
1376
1377         return r;
1378 }
1379
1380 static DBusHandlerResult monitor_filter(DBusConnection *connection, DBusMessage *message, void *data) {
1381         DBusError error;
1382         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1383
1384         assert(connection);
1385         assert(message);
1386
1387         dbus_error_init(&error);
1388
1389         /* log_debug("Got D-Bus request: %s.%s() on %s", */
1390         /*           dbus_message_get_interface(message), */
1391         /*           dbus_message_get_member(message), */
1392         /*           dbus_message_get_path(message)); */
1393
1394         if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, DBUS_INTERFACE_LOCAL, "Disconnected")) {
1395                 log_error("Warning! D-Bus connection terminated.");
1396                 dbus_connection_close(connection);
1397
1398         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitNew") ||
1399                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "UnitRemoved")) {
1400                 const char *id, *path;
1401
1402                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1403                                            DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &id,
1404                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1405                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1406                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
1407                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "UnitNew"))
1408                         printf("Unit %s added.\n", id);
1409                 else
1410                         printf("Unit %s removed.\n", id);
1411
1412         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobNew") ||
1413                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager", "JobRemoved")) {
1414                 uint32_t id;
1415                 const char *path;
1416
1417                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(message, &error,
1418                                            DBUS_TYPE_UINT32, &id,
1419                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1420                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID))
1421                         log_error("Failed to parse message: %s", error.message);
1422                 else if (streq(dbus_message_get_member(message), "JobNew"))
1423                         printf("Job %u added.\n", id);
1424                 else
1425                         printf("Job %u removed.\n", id);
1426
1427
1428         } else if (dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit", "Changed") ||
1429                    dbus_message_is_signal(message, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job", "Changed")) {
1430
1431                 const char *path, *interface, *property = "Id";
1432                 DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1433
1434                 path = dbus_message_get_path(message);
1435                 interface = dbus_message_get_interface(message);
1436
1437                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1438                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1439                               path,
1440                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1441                               "Get"))) {
1442                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1443                         goto oom;
1444                 }
1445
1446                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1447                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1448                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1449                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1450                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1451                         goto finish;
1452                 }
1453
1454                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(connection, m, -1, &error))) {
1455                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1456                         goto finish;
1457                 }
1458
1459                 if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1460                     dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1461                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1462                         goto finish;
1463                 }
1464
1465                 dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1466
1467                 if (streq(interface, "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit")) {
1468                         const char *id;
1469
1470                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1471                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1472                                 goto finish;
1473                         }
1474
1475                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
1476                         printf("Unit %s changed.\n", id);
1477                 } else {
1478                         uint32_t id;
1479
1480                         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_UINT32)  {
1481                                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1482                                 goto finish;
1483                         }
1484
1485                         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
1486                         printf("Job %u changed.\n", id);
1487                 }
1488         }
1489
1490 finish:
1491         if (m)
1492                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1493
1494         if (reply)
1495                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1496
1497         dbus_error_free(&error);
1498         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NOT_YET_HANDLED;
1499
1500 oom:
1501         if (m)
1502                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1503
1504         if (reply)
1505                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1506
1507         dbus_error_free(&error);
1508         return DBUS_HANDLER_RESULT_NEED_MEMORY;
1509 }
1510
1511 static int monitor(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1512         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1513         DBusError error;
1514         int r;
1515
1516         dbus_error_init(&error);
1517
1518         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1519                            "type='signal',"
1520                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1521                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager',"
1522                            "path='/org/freedesktop/systemd1'",
1523                            &error);
1524
1525         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1526                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
1527                 r = -EIO;
1528                 goto finish;
1529         }
1530
1531         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1532                            "type='signal',"
1533                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1534                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit',"
1535                            "member='Changed'",
1536                            &error);
1537
1538         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1539                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
1540                 r = -EIO;
1541                 goto finish;
1542         }
1543
1544         dbus_bus_add_match(bus,
1545                            "type='signal',"
1546                            "sender='org.freedesktop.systemd1',"
1547                            "interface='org.freedesktop.systemd1.Job',"
1548                            "member='Changed'",
1549                            &error);
1550
1551         if (dbus_error_is_set(&error)) {
1552                 log_error("Failed to add match: %s", error.message);
1553                 r = -EIO;
1554                 goto finish;
1555         }
1556
1557         if (!dbus_connection_add_filter(bus, monitor_filter, NULL, NULL)) {
1558                 log_error("Failed to add filter.");
1559                 r = -ENOMEM;
1560                 goto finish;
1561         }
1562
1563         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1564                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1565                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1566                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1567                               "Subscribe"))) {
1568                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1569                 r = -ENOMEM;
1570                 goto finish;
1571         }
1572
1573         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1574                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1575                 r = -EIO;
1576                 goto finish;
1577         }
1578
1579         while (dbus_connection_read_write_dispatch(bus, -1))
1580                 ;
1581
1582         r = 0;
1583
1584 finish:
1585
1586         /* This is slightly dirty, since we don't undo the filter or the matches. */
1587
1588         if (m)
1589                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1590
1591         if (reply)
1592                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1593
1594         dbus_error_free(&error);
1595
1596         return r;
1597 }
1598
1599 static int dump(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1600         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1601         DBusError error;
1602         int r;
1603         const char *text;
1604
1605         dbus_error_init(&error);
1606
1607         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1608                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1609                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1610                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1611                               "Dump"))) {
1612                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1613                 return -ENOMEM;
1614         }
1615
1616         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1617                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1618                 r = -EIO;
1619                 goto finish;
1620         }
1621
1622         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1623                                    DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &text,
1624                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1625                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1626                 r = -EIO;
1627                 goto finish;
1628         }
1629
1630         fputs(text, stdout);
1631
1632         r = 0;
1633
1634 finish:
1635         if (m)
1636                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1637
1638         if (reply)
1639                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1640
1641         dbus_error_free(&error);
1642
1643         return r;
1644 }
1645
1646 static int snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1647         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1648         DBusError error;
1649         int r;
1650         const char *name = "", *path, *id;
1651         dbus_bool_t cleanup = FALSE;
1652         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1653         const char
1654                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Unit",
1655                 *property = "Id";
1656
1657         dbus_error_init(&error);
1658
1659         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1660                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1661                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1662                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1663                               "CreateSnapshot"))) {
1664                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1665                 return -ENOMEM;
1666         }
1667
1668         if (n > 1)
1669                 name = args[1];
1670
1671         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1672                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &name,
1673                                       DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &cleanup,
1674                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1675                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1676                 r = -ENOMEM;
1677                 goto finish;
1678         }
1679
1680         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1681                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1682                 r = -EIO;
1683                 goto finish;
1684         }
1685
1686         if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1687                                    DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1688                                    DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1689                 log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1690                 r = -EIO;
1691                 goto finish;
1692         }
1693
1694         dbus_message_unref(m);
1695         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1696                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1697                               path,
1698                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1699                               "Get"))) {
1700                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1701                 return -ENOMEM;
1702         }
1703
1704         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1705                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1706                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1707                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1708                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1709                 r = -ENOMEM;
1710                 goto finish;
1711         }
1712
1713         dbus_message_unref(reply);
1714         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1715                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1716                 r = -EIO;
1717                 goto finish;
1718         }
1719
1720         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1721             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1722                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1723                 r = -EIO;
1724                 goto finish;
1725         }
1726
1727         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1728
1729         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1730                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1731                 r = -EIO;
1732                 goto finish;
1733         }
1734
1735         dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub, &id);
1736
1737         if (!arg_quiet)
1738                 puts(id);
1739         r = 0;
1740
1741 finish:
1742         if (m)
1743                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1744
1745         if (reply)
1746                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1747
1748         dbus_error_free(&error);
1749
1750         return r;
1751 }
1752
1753 static int delete_snapshot(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1754         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1755         int r;
1756         DBusError error;
1757         unsigned i;
1758
1759         assert(bus);
1760         assert(args);
1761
1762         dbus_error_init(&error);
1763
1764         for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
1765                 const char *path = NULL;
1766
1767                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1768                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1769                                       "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1770                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1771                                       "GetUnit"))) {
1772                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1773                         r = -ENOMEM;
1774                         goto finish;
1775                 }
1776
1777                 if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1778                                               DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i],
1779                                               DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1780                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1781                         r = -ENOMEM;
1782                         goto finish;
1783                 }
1784
1785                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1786                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1787                         r = -EIO;
1788                         goto finish;
1789                 }
1790
1791                 if (!dbus_message_get_args(reply, &error,
1792                                            DBUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &path,
1793                                            DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1794                         log_error("Failed to parse reply: %s", error.message);
1795                         r = -EIO;
1796                         goto finish;
1797                 }
1798
1799                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1800                 if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1801                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1802                                       path,
1803                                       "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Snapshot",
1804                                       "Remove"))) {
1805                         log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1806                         r = -ENOMEM;
1807                         goto finish;
1808                 }
1809
1810                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1811                 if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1812                         log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1813                         r = -EIO;
1814                         goto finish;
1815                 }
1816
1817                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1818                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1819                 m = reply = NULL;
1820         }
1821
1822         r = 0;
1823
1824 finish:
1825         if (m)
1826                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1827
1828         if (reply)
1829                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1830
1831         dbus_error_free(&error);
1832
1833         return r;
1834 }
1835
1836 static int clear_jobs(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1837         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1838         DBusError error;
1839         int r;
1840         const char *method;
1841
1842         dbus_error_init(&error);
1843
1844         if (arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD)
1845                 method = "Reload";
1846         else if (arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC)
1847                 method = "Reexecute";
1848         else {
1849                 assert(arg_action == ACTION_SYSTEMCTL);
1850
1851                 method =
1852                         streq(args[0], "clear-jobs")    ? "ClearJobs" :
1853                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reload") ? "Reload" :
1854                         streq(args[0], "daemon-reexec") ? "Reexecute" :
1855                                                           "Exit";
1856         }
1857
1858         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1859                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1860                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1861                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1862                               method))) {
1863                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1864                 return -ENOMEM;
1865         }
1866
1867         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1868
1869                 if (arg_action != ACTION_SYSTEMCTL && error_is_no_service(&error)) {
1870                         /* There's always a fallback possible for
1871                          * legacy actions. */
1872                         r = 0;
1873                         goto finish;
1874                 }
1875
1876                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1877                 r = -EIO;
1878                 goto finish;
1879         }
1880
1881         r = 1;
1882
1883 finish:
1884         if (m)
1885                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1886
1887         if (reply)
1888                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1889
1890         dbus_error_free(&error);
1891
1892         return r;
1893 }
1894
1895 static int show_enviroment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1896         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1897         DBusError error;
1898         DBusMessageIter iter, sub, sub2;
1899         int r;
1900         const char
1901                 *interface = "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1902                 *property = "Environment";
1903
1904         dbus_error_init(&error);
1905
1906         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1907                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1908                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1909                               "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties",
1910                               "Get"))) {
1911                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1912                 return -ENOMEM;
1913         }
1914
1915         if (!dbus_message_append_args(m,
1916                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &interface,
1917                                       DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &property,
1918                                       DBUS_TYPE_INVALID)) {
1919                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
1920                 r = -ENOMEM;
1921                 goto finish;
1922         }
1923
1924         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
1925                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
1926                 r = -EIO;
1927                 goto finish;
1928         }
1929
1930         if (!dbus_message_iter_init(reply, &iter) ||
1931             dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&iter) != DBUS_TYPE_VARIANT)  {
1932                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1933                 r = -EIO;
1934                 goto finish;
1935         }
1936
1937         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&iter, &sub);
1938
1939         if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY ||
1940             dbus_message_iter_get_element_type(&sub) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING)  {
1941                 log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1942                 r = -EIO;
1943                 goto finish;
1944         }
1945
1946         dbus_message_iter_recurse(&sub, &sub2);
1947
1948         while (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_INVALID) {
1949                 const char *text;
1950
1951                 if (dbus_message_iter_get_arg_type(&sub2) != DBUS_TYPE_STRING) {
1952                         log_error("Failed to parse reply.");
1953                         r = -EIO;
1954                         goto finish;
1955                 }
1956
1957                 dbus_message_iter_get_basic(&sub2, &text);
1958                 printf("%s\n", text);
1959
1960                 dbus_message_iter_next(&sub2);
1961         }
1962
1963         r = 0;
1964
1965 finish:
1966         if (m)
1967                 dbus_message_unref(m);
1968
1969         if (reply)
1970                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
1971
1972         dbus_error_free(&error);
1973
1974         return r;
1975 }
1976
1977 static int set_environment(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n) {
1978         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
1979         DBusError error;
1980         int r;
1981         const char *method;
1982         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
1983         unsigned i;
1984
1985         dbus_error_init(&error);
1986
1987         method = streq(args[0], "set-environment")
1988                 ? "SetEnvironment"
1989                 : "UnsetEnvironment";
1990
1991         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
1992                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1",
1993                               "/org/freedesktop/systemd1",
1994                               "org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager",
1995                               method))) {
1996
1997                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
1998                 return -ENOMEM;
1999         }
2000
2001         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
2002
2003         if (!dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub)) {
2004                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2005                 r = -ENOMEM;
2006                 goto finish;
2007         }
2008
2009         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
2010                 if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &args[i])) {
2011                         log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2012                         r = -ENOMEM;
2013                         goto finish;
2014                 }
2015
2016         if (!dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub)) {
2017                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2018                 r = -ENOMEM;
2019                 goto finish;
2020         }
2021
2022         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2023                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2024                 r = -EIO;
2025                 goto finish;
2026         }
2027
2028         r = 0;
2029
2030 finish:
2031         if (m)
2032                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2033
2034         if (reply)
2035                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2036
2037         dbus_error_free(&error);
2038
2039         return r;
2040 }
2041
2042 static int systemctl_help(void) {
2043
2044         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...\n\n"
2045                "Send control commands to the systemd manager.\n\n"
2046                "  -h --help          Show this help\n"
2047                "  -t --type=TYPE     List only units of a particular type\n"
2048                "  -p --property=NAME Show only property by this name\n"
2049                "  -a --all           Show all units/properties, including dead/empty ones\n"
2050                "     --replace       When installing a new job, replace existing conflicting ones\n"
2051                "     --system        Connect to system bus\n"
2052                "     --session       Connect to session bus\n"
2053                "  -q --quiet         Suppress output\n"
2054                "     --no-block      Do not wait until operation finished\n"
2055                "     --no-wall       Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
2056                "Commands:\n"
2057                "  list-units                      List units\n"
2058                "  start [NAME...]                 Start one or more units\n"
2059                "  stop [NAME...]                  Stop one or more units\n"
2060                "  restart [NAME...]               Restart one or more units\n"
2061                "  reload [NAME...]                Reload one or more units\n"
2062                "  isolate [NAME]                  Start one unit and stop all others\n"
2063                "  check [NAME...]                 Check whether any of the passed units are active\n"
2064                "  show [NAME...|JOB...]           Show information about one or more units\n"
2065                "  load [NAME...]                  Load one or more units\n"
2066                "  list-jobs                       List jobs\n"
2067                "  cancel [JOB...]                 Cancel one or more jobs\n"
2068                "  clear-jobs                      Cancel all jobs\n"
2069                "  monitor                         Monitor unit/job changes\n"
2070                "  dump                            Dump server status\n"
2071                "  snapshot [NAME]                 Create a snapshot\n"
2072                "  delete [NAME...]                Remove one or more snapshots\n"
2073                "  daemon-reload                   Reload systemd manager configuration\n"
2074                "  daemon-reexec                   Reexecute systemd manager\n"
2075                "  daemon-exit                     Ask the systemd manager to quit\n"
2076                "  show-environment                Dump environment\n"
2077                "  set-environment [NAME=VALUE...] Set one or more environment variables\n"
2078                "  unset-environment [NAME...]     Unset one or more environment variables\n"
2079                "  halt                            Shut down and halt the system\n"
2080                "  poweroff                        Shut down and power-off the system\n"
2081                "  reboot                          Shut down and reboot the system\n"
2082                "  default                         Enter default mode\n"
2083                "  rescue                          Enter rescue mode\n"
2084                "  emergency                       Enter emergency mode\n",
2085                program_invocation_short_name);
2086
2087         return 0;
2088 }
2089
2090 static int halt_help(void) {
2091
2092         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
2093                "%s the system.\n\n"
2094                "     --help      Show this help\n"
2095                "     --halt      Halt the machine\n"
2096                "  -p --poweroff  Switch off the machine\n"
2097                "     --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
2098                "  -f --force     Force immediate halt/power-off/reboot\n"
2099                "  -w --wtmp-only Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just write wtmp record\n"
2100                "  -d --no-wtmp   Don't write wtmp record\n"
2101                "  -n --no-sync   Don't sync before halt/power-off/reboot\n"
2102                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
2103                program_invocation_short_name,
2104                arg_action == ACTION_REBOOT   ? "Reboot" :
2105                arg_action == ACTION_POWEROFF ? "Power off" :
2106                                                "Halt");
2107
2108         return 0;
2109 }
2110
2111 static int shutdown_help(void) {
2112
2113         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [now] [WALL...]\n\n"
2114                "Shut down the system.\n\n"
2115                "     --help      Show this help\n"
2116                "  -H --halt      Halt the machine\n"
2117                "  -P --poweroff  Power-off the machine\n"
2118                "  -r --reboot    Reboot the machine\n"
2119                "  -h             Equivalent to --poweroff, overriden by --halt\n"
2120                "  -k             Don't halt/power-off/reboot, just send warnings\n"
2121                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n",
2122                program_invocation_short_name);
2123
2124         return 0;
2125 }
2126
2127 static int telinit_help(void) {
2128
2129         printf("%s [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND}\n\n"
2130                "Send control commands to the init daemon.\n\n"
2131                "     --help      Show this help\n"
2132                "     --no-wall   Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot\n\n"
2133                "Commands:\n"
2134                "  0              Power-off the machine\n"
2135                "  6              Reboot the machine\n"
2136                "  2, 3, 4, 5     Start runlevelX.target unit\n"
2137                "  1, s, S        Enter rescue mode\n"
2138                "  q, Q           Reload init daemon configuration\n"
2139                "  u, U           Reexecute init daemon\n",
2140                program_invocation_short_name);
2141
2142         return 0;
2143 }
2144
2145 static int runlevel_help(void) {
2146
2147         printf("%s [OPTIONS...]\n\n"
2148                "Prints the previous and current runlevel of the init system.\n\n"
2149                "     --help      Show this help\n",
2150                program_invocation_short_name);
2151
2152         return 0;
2153 }
2154
2155 static int systemctl_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2156
2157         enum {
2158                 ARG_REPLACE = 0x100,
2159                 ARG_SESSION,
2160                 ARG_SYSTEM,
2161                 ARG_NO_BLOCK,
2162                 ARG_NO_WALL
2163         };
2164
2165         static const struct option options[] = {
2166                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, 'h'          },
2167                 { "type",      required_argument, NULL, 't'          },
2168                 { "property",  required_argument, NULL, 'p'          },
2169                 { "all",       no_argument,       NULL, 'a'          },
2170                 { "replace",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REPLACE  },
2171                 { "session",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SESSION  },
2172                 { "system",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_SYSTEM   },
2173                 { "no-block",  no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_BLOCK },
2174                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL  },
2175                 { "quiet",     no_argument,       NULL, 'q'          },
2176                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0            }
2177         };
2178
2179         int c;
2180
2181         assert(argc >= 0);
2182         assert(argv);
2183
2184         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ht:p:aq", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2185
2186                 switch (c) {
2187
2188                 case 'h':
2189                         systemctl_help();
2190                         return 0;
2191
2192                 case 't':
2193                         arg_type = optarg;
2194                         break;
2195
2196                 case 'p':
2197                         arg_property = optarg;
2198
2199                         /* If the user asked for a particular
2200                          * property, show it to him, even if it is
2201                          * empty. */
2202                         arg_all = true;
2203                         break;
2204
2205                 case 'a':
2206                         arg_all = true;
2207                         break;
2208
2209                 case ARG_REPLACE:
2210                         arg_replace = true;
2211                         break;
2212
2213                 case ARG_SESSION:
2214                         arg_session = true;
2215                         break;
2216
2217                 case ARG_SYSTEM:
2218                         arg_session = false;
2219                         break;
2220
2221                 case ARG_NO_BLOCK:
2222                         arg_no_block = true;
2223                         break;
2224
2225                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2226                         arg_no_wall = true;
2227                         break;
2228
2229                 case 'q':
2230                         arg_quiet = true;
2231                         break;
2232
2233                 case '?':
2234                         return -EINVAL;
2235
2236                 default:
2237                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2238                         return -EINVAL;
2239                 }
2240         }
2241
2242         return 1;
2243 }
2244
2245 static int halt_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2246
2247         enum {
2248                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2249                 ARG_HALT,
2250                 ARG_REBOOT,
2251                 ARG_NO_WALL
2252         };
2253
2254         static const struct option options[] = {
2255                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2256                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HALT    },
2257                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'p'         },
2258                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, ARG_REBOOT  },
2259                 { "force",     no_argument,       NULL, 'f'         },
2260                 { "wtmp-only", no_argument,       NULL, 'w'         },
2261                 { "no-wtmp",   no_argument,       NULL, 'd'         },
2262                 { "no-sync",   no_argument,       NULL, 'n'         },
2263                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
2264                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2265         };
2266
2267         int c, runlevel;
2268
2269         assert(argc >= 0);
2270         assert(argv);
2271
2272         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, NULL) >= 0)
2273                 if (runlevel == '0' || runlevel == '6')
2274                         arg_immediate = true;
2275
2276         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "pfwdnih", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2277                 switch (c) {
2278
2279                 case ARG_HELP:
2280                         halt_help();
2281                         return 0;
2282
2283                 case ARG_HALT:
2284                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
2285                         break;
2286
2287                 case 'p':
2288                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2289                         break;
2290
2291                 case ARG_REBOOT:
2292                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
2293                         break;
2294
2295                 case 'f':
2296                         arg_immediate = true;
2297                         break;
2298
2299                 case 'w':
2300                         arg_dry = true;
2301                         break;
2302
2303                 case 'd':
2304                         arg_no_wtmp = true;
2305                         break;
2306
2307                 case 'n':
2308                         arg_no_sync = true;
2309                         break;
2310
2311                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2312                         arg_no_wall = true;
2313                         break;
2314
2315                 case 'i':
2316                 case 'h':
2317                         /* Compatibility nops */
2318                         break;
2319
2320                 case '?':
2321                         return -EINVAL;
2322
2323                 default:
2324                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2325                         return -EINVAL;
2326                 }
2327         }
2328
2329         if (optind < argc) {
2330                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
2331                 return -EINVAL;
2332         }
2333
2334         return 1;
2335 }
2336
2337 static int shutdown_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2338
2339         enum {
2340                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2341                 ARG_NO_WALL
2342         };
2343
2344         static const struct option options[] = {
2345                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2346                 { "halt",      no_argument,       NULL, 'H'         },
2347                 { "poweroff",  no_argument,       NULL, 'P'         },
2348                 { "reboot",    no_argument,       NULL, 'r'         },
2349                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
2350                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2351         };
2352
2353         int c;
2354
2355         assert(argc >= 0);
2356         assert(argv);
2357
2358         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "HPrhkt:a", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2359                 switch (c) {
2360
2361                 case ARG_HELP:
2362                         shutdown_help();
2363                         return 0;
2364
2365                 case 'H':
2366                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
2367                         break;
2368
2369                 case 'P':
2370                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2371                         break;
2372
2373                 case 'r':
2374                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
2375                         break;
2376
2377                 case 'h':
2378                         if (arg_action != ACTION_HALT)
2379                                 arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2380                         break;
2381
2382                 case 'k':
2383                         arg_dry = true;
2384                         break;
2385
2386                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2387                         arg_no_wall = true;
2388                         break;
2389
2390                 case 't':
2391                 case 'a':
2392                         /* Compatibility nops */
2393                         break;
2394
2395                 case '?':
2396                         return -EINVAL;
2397
2398                 default:
2399                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2400                         return -EINVAL;
2401                 }
2402         }
2403
2404         if (argc > optind && !streq(argv[optind], "now"))
2405                 log_warning("First argument '%s' isn't 'now'. Ignoring.", argv[optind]);
2406
2407         /* We ignore the time argument */
2408         if (argc > optind + 1)
2409                 arg_wall = argv + optind + 1;
2410
2411         optind = argc;
2412
2413         return 1;
2414 }
2415
2416 static int telinit_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2417
2418         enum {
2419                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2420                 ARG_NO_WALL
2421         };
2422
2423         static const struct option options[] = {
2424                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2425                 { "no-wall",   no_argument,       NULL, ARG_NO_WALL },
2426                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2427         };
2428
2429         static const struct {
2430                 char from;
2431                 enum action to;
2432         } table[] = {
2433                 { '0', ACTION_POWEROFF },
2434                 { '6', ACTION_REBOOT },
2435                 { '1', ACTION_RESCUE },
2436                 { '2', ACTION_RUNLEVEL2 },
2437                 { '3', ACTION_RUNLEVEL3 },
2438                 { '4', ACTION_RUNLEVEL4 },
2439                 { '5', ACTION_RUNLEVEL5 },
2440                 { 's', ACTION_RESCUE },
2441                 { 'S', ACTION_RESCUE },
2442                 { 'q', ACTION_RELOAD },
2443                 { 'Q', ACTION_RELOAD },
2444                 { 'u', ACTION_REEXEC },
2445                 { 'U', ACTION_REEXEC }
2446         };
2447
2448         unsigned i;
2449         int c;
2450
2451         assert(argc >= 0);
2452         assert(argv);
2453
2454         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2455                 switch (c) {
2456
2457                 case ARG_HELP:
2458                         telinit_help();
2459                         return 0;
2460
2461                 case ARG_NO_WALL:
2462                         arg_no_wall = true;
2463                         break;
2464
2465                 case '?':
2466                         return -EINVAL;
2467
2468                 default:
2469                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2470                         return -EINVAL;
2471                 }
2472         }
2473
2474         if (optind >= argc) {
2475                 telinit_help();
2476                 return -EINVAL;
2477         }
2478
2479         if (optind + 1 < argc) {
2480                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
2481                 return -EINVAL;
2482         }
2483
2484         if (strlen(argv[optind]) != 1) {
2485                 log_error("Expected single character argument.");
2486                 return -EINVAL;
2487         }
2488
2489         for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2490                 if (table[i].from == argv[optind][0])
2491                         break;
2492
2493         if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table)) {
2494                 log_error("Unknown command %s.", argv[optind]);
2495                 return -EINVAL;
2496         }
2497
2498         arg_action = table[i].to;
2499
2500         optind ++;
2501
2502         return 1;
2503 }
2504
2505 static int runlevel_parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2506
2507         enum {
2508                 ARG_HELP = 0x100,
2509         };
2510
2511         static const struct option options[] = {
2512                 { "help",      no_argument,       NULL, ARG_HELP    },
2513                 { NULL,        0,                 NULL, 0           }
2514         };
2515
2516         int c;
2517
2518         assert(argc >= 0);
2519         assert(argv);
2520
2521         while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
2522                 switch (c) {
2523
2524                 case ARG_HELP:
2525                         runlevel_help();
2526                         return 0;
2527
2528                 case '?':
2529                         return -EINVAL;
2530
2531                 default:
2532                         log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
2533                         return -EINVAL;
2534                 }
2535         }
2536
2537         if (optind < argc) {
2538                 log_error("Too many arguments.");
2539                 return -EINVAL;
2540         }
2541
2542         return 1;
2543 }
2544
2545 static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
2546         assert(argc >= 0);
2547         assert(argv);
2548
2549         if (program_invocation_short_name) {
2550
2551                 if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "halt")) {
2552                         arg_action = ACTION_HALT;
2553                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2554                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "poweroff")) {
2555                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2556                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2557                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "reboot")) {
2558                         arg_action = ACTION_REBOOT;
2559                         return halt_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2560                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "shutdown")) {
2561                         arg_action = ACTION_POWEROFF;
2562                         return shutdown_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2563                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "init")) {
2564                         arg_action = ACTION_INVALID;
2565                         return telinit_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2566                 } else if (strstr(program_invocation_short_name, "runlevel")) {
2567                         arg_action = ACTION_RUNLEVEL;
2568                         return runlevel_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2569                 }
2570         }
2571
2572         arg_action = ACTION_SYSTEMCTL;
2573         return systemctl_parse_argv(argc, argv);
2574 }
2575
2576 static int action_to_runlevel(void) {
2577
2578         static const char table[_ACTION_MAX] = {
2579                 [ACTION_HALT] =      '0',
2580                 [ACTION_POWEROFF] =  '0',
2581                 [ACTION_REBOOT] =    '6',
2582                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL2] = '2',
2583                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL3] = '3',
2584                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL4] = '4',
2585                 [ACTION_RUNLEVEL5] = '5',
2586                 [ACTION_RESCUE] =    '1'
2587         };
2588
2589         assert(arg_action < _ACTION_MAX);
2590
2591         return table[arg_action];
2592 }
2593
2594 static int talk_upstart(void) {
2595         DBusMessage *m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
2596         DBusError error;
2597         int previous, rl, r;
2598         char
2599                 env1_buf[] = "RUNLEVEL=X",
2600                 env2_buf[] = "PREVLEVEL=X";
2601         char *env1 = env1_buf, *env2 = env2_buf;
2602         const char *emit = "runlevel";
2603         dbus_bool_t b_false = FALSE;
2604         DBusMessageIter iter, sub;
2605         DBusConnection *bus;
2606
2607         dbus_error_init(&error);
2608
2609         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
2610                 return 0;
2611
2612         if (utmp_get_runlevel(&previous, NULL) < 0)
2613                 previous = 'N';
2614
2615         if (!(bus = dbus_connection_open("unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart", &error))) {
2616                 if (dbus_error_has_name(&error, DBUS_ERROR_NO_SERVER)) {
2617                         r = 0;
2618                         goto finish;
2619                 }
2620
2621                 log_error("Failed to connect to Upstart bus: %s", error.message);
2622                 r = -EIO;
2623                 goto finish;
2624         }
2625
2626         if ((r = bus_check_peercred(bus)) < 0) {
2627                 log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
2628                 goto finish;
2629         }
2630
2631         if (!(m = dbus_message_new_method_call(
2632                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart",
2633                               "/com/ubuntu/Upstart",
2634                               "com.ubuntu.Upstart0_6",
2635                               "EmitEvent"))) {
2636
2637                 log_error("Could not allocate message.");
2638                 r = -ENOMEM;
2639                 goto finish;
2640         }
2641
2642         dbus_message_iter_init_append(m, &iter);
2643
2644         env1_buf[sizeof(env1_buf)-2] = rl;
2645         env2_buf[sizeof(env2_buf)-2] = previous;
2646
2647         if (!dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &emit) ||
2648             !dbus_message_iter_open_container(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_ARRAY, "s", &sub) ||
2649             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env1) ||
2650             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&sub, DBUS_TYPE_STRING, &env2) ||
2651             !dbus_message_iter_close_container(&iter, &sub) ||
2652             !dbus_message_iter_append_basic(&iter, DBUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &b_false)) {
2653                 log_error("Could not append arguments to message.");
2654                 r = -ENOMEM;
2655                 goto finish;
2656         }
2657
2658         if (!(reply = dbus_connection_send_with_reply_and_block(bus, m, -1, &error))) {
2659
2660                 if (error_is_no_service(&error)) {
2661                         r = 0;
2662                         goto finish;
2663                 }
2664
2665                 log_error("Failed to issue method call: %s", error.message);
2666                 r = -EIO;
2667                 goto finish;
2668         }
2669
2670         r = 1;
2671
2672 finish:
2673         if (m)
2674                 dbus_message_unref(m);
2675
2676         if (reply)
2677                 dbus_message_unref(reply);
2678
2679         if (bus)
2680                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
2681
2682         dbus_error_free(&error);
2683
2684         return r;
2685 }
2686
2687 static int talk_initctl(void) {
2688         struct init_request request;
2689         int r, fd;
2690         char rl;
2691
2692         if (!(rl = action_to_runlevel()))
2693                 return 0;
2694
2695         zero(request);
2696         request.magic = INIT_MAGIC;
2697         request.sleeptime = 0;
2698         request.cmd = INIT_CMD_RUNLVL;
2699         request.runlevel = rl;
2700
2701         if ((fd = open(INIT_FIFO, O_WRONLY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0) {
2702
2703                 if (errno == ENOENT)
2704                         return 0;
2705
2706                 log_error("Failed to open "INIT_FIFO": %m");
2707                 return -errno;
2708         }
2709
2710         errno = 0;
2711         r = loop_write(fd, &request, sizeof(request), false) != sizeof(request);
2712         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2713
2714         if (r < 0) {
2715                 log_error("Failed to write to "INIT_FIFO": %m");
2716                 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
2717         }
2718
2719         return 1;
2720 }
2721
2722 static int systemctl_main(DBusConnection *bus, int argc, char *argv[]) {
2723
2724         static const struct {
2725                 const char* verb;
2726                 const enum {
2727                         MORE,
2728                         LESS,
2729                         EQUAL
2730                 } argc_cmp;
2731                 const int argc;
2732                 int (* const dispatch)(DBusConnection *bus, char **args, unsigned n);
2733         } verbs[] = {
2734                 { "list-units",        LESS,  1, list_units      },
2735                 { "list-jobs",         EQUAL, 1, list_jobs       },
2736                 { "clear-jobs",        EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2737                 { "load",              MORE,  2, load_unit       },
2738                 { "cancel",            MORE,  2, cancel_job      },
2739                 { "start",             MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2740                 { "stop",              MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2741                 { "reload",            MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2742                 { "restart",           MORE,  2, start_unit      },
2743                 { "isolate",           EQUAL, 2, start_unit      },
2744                 { "check",             MORE,  2, check_unit      },
2745                 { "show",              MORE,  1, show            },
2746                 { "monitor",           EQUAL, 1, monitor         },
2747                 { "dump",              EQUAL, 1, dump            },
2748                 { "snapshot",          LESS,  2, snapshot        },
2749                 { "delete",            MORE,  2, delete_snapshot },
2750                 { "daemon-reload",     EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2751                 { "daemon-reexec",     EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2752                 { "daemon-exit",       EQUAL, 1, clear_jobs      },
2753                 { "show-environment",  EQUAL, 1, show_enviroment },
2754                 { "set-environment",   MORE,  2, set_environment },
2755                 { "unset-environment", MORE,  2, set_environment },
2756                 { "halt",              EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2757                 { "poweroff",          EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2758                 { "reboot",            EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2759                 { "default",           EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2760                 { "rescue",            EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2761                 { "emergency",         EQUAL, 1, start_special   },
2762         };
2763
2764         int left;
2765         unsigned i;
2766
2767         assert(bus);
2768         assert(argc >= 0);
2769         assert(argv);
2770
2771         left = argc - optind;
2772
2773         if (left <= 0)
2774                 /* Special rule: no arguments means "list-units" */
2775                 i = 0;
2776         else {
2777                 if (streq(argv[optind], "help")) {
2778                         systemctl_help();
2779                         return 0;
2780                 }
2781
2782                 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(verbs); i++)
2783                         if (streq(argv[optind], verbs[i].verb))
2784                                 break;
2785
2786                 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(verbs)) {
2787                         log_error("Unknown operation %s", argv[optind]);
2788                         return -EINVAL;
2789                 }
2790         }
2791
2792         switch (verbs[i].argc_cmp) {
2793
2794         case EQUAL:
2795                 if (left != verbs[i].argc) {
2796                         log_error("Invalid number of arguments.");
2797                         return -EINVAL;
2798                 }
2799
2800                 break;
2801
2802         case MORE:
2803                 if (left < verbs[i].argc) {
2804                         log_error("Too few arguments.");
2805                         return -EINVAL;
2806                 }
2807
2808                 break;
2809
2810         case LESS:
2811                 if (left > verbs[i].argc) {
2812                         log_error("Too many arguments.");
2813                         return -EINVAL;
2814                 }
2815
2816                 break;
2817
2818         default:
2819                 assert_not_reached("Unknown comparison operator.");
2820         }
2821
2822         return verbs[i].dispatch(bus, argv + optind, left);
2823 }
2824
2825 static int reload_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
2826         int r;
2827
2828         if (bus) {
2829                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
2830                 if ((r = clear_jobs(bus, NULL, 0)) > 0)
2831                         return 0;
2832         }
2833
2834         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try signals */
2835         assert(arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD || arg_action == ACTION_REEXEC);
2836
2837         if (kill(1, arg_action == ACTION_RELOAD ? SIGHUP : SIGTERM) < 0) {
2838                 log_error("kill() failed: %m");
2839                 return -errno;
2840         }
2841
2842         return 0;
2843 }
2844
2845 static int start_with_fallback(DBusConnection *bus) {
2846         int r;
2847
2848         warn_wall(arg_action);
2849
2850         if (bus) {
2851                 /* First, try systemd via D-Bus. */
2852                 if ((r = start_unit(bus, NULL, 0)) > 0)
2853                         return 0;
2854
2855                 /* Hmm, talking to systemd via D-Bus didn't work. Then
2856                  * let's try to talk to Upstart via D-Bus. */
2857                 if ((r = talk_upstart()) > 0)
2858                         return 0;
2859         }
2860
2861         /* Nothing else worked, so let's try
2862          * /dev/initctl */
2863         if ((r = talk_initctl()) != 0)
2864                 return 0;
2865
2866         log_error("Failed to talk to init daemon.");
2867         return -EIO;
2868 }
2869
2870 static int halt_main(DBusConnection *bus) {
2871         int r;
2872
2873         if (!arg_immediate)
2874                 return start_with_fallback(bus);
2875
2876         if (!arg_no_wtmp)
2877                 if ((r = utmp_put_shutdown(0)) < 0)
2878                         log_warning("Failed to write utmp record: %s", strerror(-r));
2879
2880         if (!arg_no_sync)
2881                 sync();
2882
2883         if (arg_dry)
2884                 return 0;
2885
2886         /* Make sure C-A-D is handled by the kernel from this
2887          * point on... */
2888         reboot(RB_ENABLE_CAD);
2889
2890         switch (arg_action) {
2891
2892         case ACTION_HALT:
2893                 log_info("Halting");
2894                 reboot(RB_HALT_SYSTEM);
2895                 break;
2896
2897         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
2898                 log_info("Powering off");
2899                 reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
2900                 break;
2901
2902         case ACTION_REBOOT:
2903                 log_info("Rebooting");
2904                 reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
2905                 break;
2906
2907         default:
2908                 assert_not_reached("Unknown halt action.");
2909         }
2910
2911         /* We should never reach this. */
2912         return -ENOSYS;
2913 }
2914
2915 static int runlevel_main(void) {
2916         int r, runlevel, previous;
2917
2918         if ((r = utmp_get_runlevel(&runlevel, &previous)) < 0) {
2919                 printf("unknown");
2920                 return r;
2921         }
2922
2923         printf("%c %c\n",
2924                previous <= 0 ? 'N' : previous,
2925                runlevel <= 0 ? 'N' : runlevel);
2926
2927         return 0;
2928 }
2929
2930 int main(int argc, char*argv[]) {
2931         int r, retval = 1;
2932         DBusConnection *bus = NULL;
2933         DBusError error;
2934
2935         dbus_error_init(&error);
2936
2937         log_parse_environment();
2938
2939         if ((r = parse_argv(argc, argv)) < 0)
2940                 goto finish;
2941         else if (r == 0) {
2942                 retval = 0;
2943                 goto finish;
2944         }
2945
2946         /* /sbin/runlevel doesn't need to communicate via D-Bus, so
2947          * let's shortcut this */
2948         if (arg_action == ACTION_RUNLEVEL) {
2949                 retval = runlevel_main() < 0;
2950                 goto finish;
2951         }
2952
2953         /* If we are root, then let's not go via the bus */
2954         if (geteuid() == 0 && !arg_session) {
2955                 bus = dbus_connection_open("unix:abstract=/org/freedesktop/systemd1/private", &error);
2956
2957                 if (bus && bus_check_peercred(bus) < 0) {
2958                         log_error("Failed to verify owner of bus.");
2959                         goto finish;
2960                 }
2961         } else
2962                 bus = dbus_bus_get(arg_session ? DBUS_BUS_SESSION : DBUS_BUS_SYSTEM, &error);
2963
2964         if (bus)
2965                 dbus_connection_set_exit_on_disconnect(bus, FALSE);
2966
2967         switch (arg_action) {
2968
2969         case ACTION_SYSTEMCTL: {
2970
2971                 if (!bus) {
2972                         log_error("Failed to get D-Bus connection: %s", error.message);
2973                         goto finish;
2974                 }
2975
2976                 retval = systemctl_main(bus, argc, argv) < 0;
2977                 break;
2978         }
2979
2980         case ACTION_HALT:
2981         case ACTION_POWEROFF:
2982         case ACTION_REBOOT:
2983                 retval = halt_main(bus) < 0;
2984                 break;
2985
2986         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL2:
2987         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL3:
2988         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL4:
2989         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL5:
2990         case ACTION_RESCUE:
2991         case ACTION_EMERGENCY:
2992         case ACTION_DEFAULT:
2993                 retval = start_with_fallback(bus) < 0;
2994                 break;
2995
2996         case ACTION_RELOAD:
2997         case ACTION_REEXEC:
2998                 retval = reload_with_fallback(bus) < 0;
2999                 break;
3000
3001         case ACTION_INVALID:
3002         case ACTION_RUNLEVEL:
3003         default:
3004                 assert_not_reached("Unknown action");
3005         }
3006
3007 finish:
3008
3009         if (bus)
3010                 dbus_connection_unref(bus);
3011
3012         dbus_error_free(&error);
3013
3014         dbus_shutdown();
3015
3016         return retval;
3017 }