1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
698 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 /* These two cannot be caught... */
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
955 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
962 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
965 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
968 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
974 char *strstrip(char *s) {
977 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
978 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
980 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
982 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
983 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
991 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
994 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
996 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1008 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1015 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1016 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1019 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1020 return strdup(filename);
1022 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1023 return strdup(filename);
1025 k = strlen(filename);
1026 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1029 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1030 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1035 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1044 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1045 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1051 /* Skip last component */
1052 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1055 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1056 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1062 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1065 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1074 if (errno != ENOENT)
1081 char hexchar(int x) {
1082 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1084 return table[x & 15];
1087 int unhexchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1093 return c - 'a' + 10;
1095 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1096 return c - 'A' + 10;
1101 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1105 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1109 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1110 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1111 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1118 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1124 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1128 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1131 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1133 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1137 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1144 char octchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x & 7);
1148 int unoctchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1156 char decchar(int x) {
1157 return '0' + (x % 10);
1160 int undecchar(char c) {
1162 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1168 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1174 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1176 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1180 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1226 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1227 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1228 * g_strescape() does the same */
1229 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1231 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1232 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1233 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1244 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1251 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1253 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1255 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1260 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1262 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1305 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1310 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1313 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1314 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1316 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1336 /* octal encoding */
1339 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1340 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1341 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1343 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1344 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1348 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1356 /* premature end of string.*/
1361 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1373 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1374 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1377 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1380 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1383 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1387 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1388 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1398 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1401 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1402 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1412 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1417 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1418 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1419 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1424 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1428 filename[0] == '.' ||
1429 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1430 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1431 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1432 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1433 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1434 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1435 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1436 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1437 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1438 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1441 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1444 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1447 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1450 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1455 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1460 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1462 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1464 if (nflags == flags)
1467 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1473 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1478 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1483 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1485 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1487 if (nflags == flags)
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1496 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1499 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1501 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1508 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1509 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1513 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1515 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1520 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1521 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1524 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1525 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1527 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1530 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1531 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1538 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1541 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1544 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1545 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1554 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1557 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1558 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1559 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1570 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1571 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1578 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1579 static const char table[] =
1593 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1597 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1601 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1603 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1609 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1613 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1616 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1619 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1625 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1626 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1627 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1632 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1633 new_termios = old_termios;
1635 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1636 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1637 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1639 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1642 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1643 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1644 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1649 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1651 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1664 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1670 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1671 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1675 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1685 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1695 bool need_nl = true;
1698 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1705 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1709 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1712 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1713 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1724 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1729 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1733 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1738 char line[LINE_MAX];
1742 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1749 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1754 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1755 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1757 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1776 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1777 struct termios termios;
1780 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1784 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1785 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1786 * interfere with that. */
1788 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1789 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1791 /* Switch to text mode */
1793 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1795 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1796 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1798 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1803 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1804 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1805 * else will do that for us */
1807 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1808 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1809 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1810 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1811 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1813 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1814 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1815 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1816 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1817 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1818 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1819 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1820 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1821 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1822 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1823 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1824 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1825 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1827 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1828 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1830 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1834 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1835 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1840 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1841 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1843 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1847 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1850 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1855 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1856 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1857 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1858 * retrying a couple of times.
1860 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1863 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1866 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1873 /* Max 1s in total */
1877 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1895 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1906 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1916 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1922 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1931 int acquire_terminal(
1935 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1938 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1943 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1944 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1945 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1947 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1948 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1949 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1950 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1951 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1952 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1953 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1954 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1956 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1957 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1959 if (!fail && !force) {
1960 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1966 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1974 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1975 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1976 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1980 r = flush_fd(notify);
1985 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1986 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1987 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1988 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1992 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1993 * if we already own the tty. */
1994 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1996 /* First, try to get the tty */
1997 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2000 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2002 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2003 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2004 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2005 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2008 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2017 assert(notify >= 0);
2020 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2022 struct inotify_event *e;
2024 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2027 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2028 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2033 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2043 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2046 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2053 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2058 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2063 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2064 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2066 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2073 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2074 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2075 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2076 * an endless loop. */
2082 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2084 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2095 int release_terminal(void) {
2096 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2097 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2098 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2101 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2102 struct sigaction sa_old;
2105 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2109 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2110 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2121 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2126 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2127 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2135 struct sigaction sa = {
2136 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2137 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2142 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2147 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2154 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2155 struct sigaction sa = {
2156 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2157 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2162 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2166 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2167 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2174 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2178 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2180 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2184 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2185 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2188 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2195 while (nbytes > 0) {
2198 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2199 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2202 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2204 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2205 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2208 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2213 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2223 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2224 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2230 while (nbytes > 0) {
2233 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2234 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2237 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2239 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2260 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2261 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2262 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2263 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2264 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2265 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2266 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2268 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2269 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2270 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2271 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2276 unsigned long long factor;
2279 static const struct table iec[] = {
2280 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2290 static const struct table si[] = {
2291 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2293 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2294 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2295 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2301 const struct table *table;
2303 unsigned long long r = 0;
2304 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2307 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2312 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2315 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2321 unsigned long long l2;
2327 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2340 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2343 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2344 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2346 if (errno == ERANGE)
2349 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2356 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2358 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2359 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2360 unsigned long long tmp;
2361 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2363 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2364 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2368 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2371 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2387 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2392 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2393 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2394 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2399 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2402 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2407 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2410 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2414 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2417 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2419 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2420 * sysfs or in /dev */
2423 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2424 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2427 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2428 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2439 if (!de && errno != 0)
2445 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2450 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2451 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2468 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2469 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2472 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2474 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2476 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2479 if ((size_t) k != n)
2485 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2486 static bool srand_called = false;
2490 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2494 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2495 * get a PRNG instead. */
2497 if (!srand_called) {
2500 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2501 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2502 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2503 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2508 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2510 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2513 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2514 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2517 srand_called = true;
2520 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2524 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2527 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2528 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2529 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2530 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2531 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2532 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2535 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2537 if (program_invocation_name)
2538 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2540 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2544 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2546 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2550 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2555 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2562 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2563 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2567 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2572 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2575 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2576 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2579 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2585 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2588 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2590 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2591 return strdup(u.nodename);
2593 return strdup(u.sysname);
2596 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2599 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2601 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2604 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2607 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2608 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2610 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2612 return strdup("root");
2614 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2618 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2622 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2623 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2625 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2631 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2635 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2640 return lookup_uid(uid);
2643 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2650 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2653 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2654 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2659 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2665 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2673 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2677 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2681 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2683 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2690 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2692 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2694 unsigned long ttynr;
2698 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2699 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2703 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2713 "%*d " /* session */
2718 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2727 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2728 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2729 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2736 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2740 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2742 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2748 /* This is an ugly hack */
2749 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2750 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2754 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2755 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2756 * vaguely useful. */
2762 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2764 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2782 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2783 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2788 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2789 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2795 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2800 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2807 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2812 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2815 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2817 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2818 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2819 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2824 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2827 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2828 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2830 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2831 keep_around = false;
2837 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2838 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2841 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2842 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2843 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2844 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2849 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2850 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2854 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2855 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2859 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2861 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2862 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2869 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2872 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2873 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2876 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2881 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2886 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2887 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2889 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2890 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2895 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2898 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2904 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2905 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2906 * seriously broken system. */
2907 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2908 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2912 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2915 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2919 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2922 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2923 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2928 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2929 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2936 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2941 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2942 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2948 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2951 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2954 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2963 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2964 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2967 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2968 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2971 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2974 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2975 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2976 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2978 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2979 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2982 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2983 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2989 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2992 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2993 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2994 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2996 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2997 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3000 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3001 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3007 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3011 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3014 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3017 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3018 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3028 if (errno != EINVAL)
3035 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3036 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3037 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3038 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3039 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3041 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3045 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3046 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3048 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3051 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3064 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3070 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3078 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3079 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3082 if (!isempty(status)) {
3083 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3084 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3085 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3087 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3090 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3092 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3094 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3100 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3106 va_start(ap, format);
3107 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3113 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3120 const char *e, *word = format;
3125 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3136 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3145 } else if (*e == '$') {
3146 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3162 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3164 k = strappend(r, t);
3178 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3189 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3191 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3193 l = strv_length(argv);
3195 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3199 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3201 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3202 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3207 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3211 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3223 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3233 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3241 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3242 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3254 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3255 struct winsize ws = {};
3257 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3266 unsigned columns(void) {
3270 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3271 return cached_columns;
3274 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3276 (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
3279 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3288 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3289 struct winsize ws = {};
3291 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3300 unsigned lines(void) {
3304 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3305 return cached_lines;
3308 e = getenv("LINES");
3312 r = safe_atou(e, &l);
3314 /* do nothing, we fall back to l = 0 */
3318 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3324 return cached_lines;
3327 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3328 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3334 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3336 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3337 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3339 return cached_on_tty;
3342 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3345 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3348 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3351 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3352 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3355 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3358 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3365 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3370 assert(percent <= 100);
3371 assert(new_length >= 3);
3373 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3374 return strndup(s, old_length);
3376 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3380 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3382 if (x > new_length - 3)
3390 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3391 new_length - x - 3);
3396 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3400 unsigned k, len, len2;
3403 assert(percent <= 100);
3404 assert(new_length >= 3);
3406 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3407 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3408 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3410 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3411 return strndup(s, old_length);
3413 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3415 if (x > new_length - 3)
3419 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3422 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3425 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3428 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3431 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3434 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3435 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3438 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3442 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3444 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3446 /* make space for ellipsis */
3447 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3450 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3451 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3456 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3457 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3461 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3465 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3470 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3471 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3474 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3475 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3481 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3483 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3488 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3493 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3494 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3499 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3500 struct timespec ts[2];
3502 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3504 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3506 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3513 int touch(const char *path) {
3514 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3517 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3521 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3522 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3523 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3530 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3531 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3536 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3537 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3540 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3552 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3556 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3564 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3568 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3574 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3585 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3599 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3600 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3601 * failed for an unknown reason.
3602 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3605 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3606 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3608 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3615 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3617 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3621 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3622 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3623 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3624 return status.si_status;
3627 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3630 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3631 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3633 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3637 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3641 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3643 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3644 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3652 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3655 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3658 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3664 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3669 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3672 return null_or_empty(&st);
3675 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3680 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3683 return null_or_empty(&st);
3686 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3690 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3692 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3705 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3709 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3711 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3712 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3717 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3718 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3721 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3725 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3726 t = new(char, enc_len);
3730 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3733 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3736 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3739 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3740 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3742 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3743 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3745 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3746 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3748 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3749 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3754 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3757 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3760 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3763 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3766 return streq(tty, "console");
3769 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3774 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3777 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3780 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3783 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3787 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3793 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3796 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3797 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3799 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3802 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3805 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3806 * /dev/console points to */
3807 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3813 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3816 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3817 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3819 tty = *active = tmp;
3826 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3827 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3831 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3834 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3835 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3840 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3843 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3846 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3849 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3852 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3855 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3856 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3857 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3863 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3866 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3867 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3868 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3871 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3874 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3877 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3883 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3884 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3886 executor_pid = fork();
3887 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3888 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3891 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3892 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3893 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3896 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3897 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3900 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3901 reset_signal_mask();
3903 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3906 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3908 if (errno == ENOENT)
3909 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3911 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3912 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3916 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3919 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3922 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3923 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3926 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3929 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3932 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3937 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3939 } else if (pid == 0) {
3942 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3952 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3953 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3956 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3958 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3961 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3967 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3968 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3969 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3971 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3972 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3974 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3975 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3978 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3981 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3984 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3987 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3990 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3993 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
3996 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4004 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4010 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4011 if (streq(i, needle))
4017 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4018 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4021 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4030 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4032 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4033 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4034 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4040 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4047 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4054 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4064 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4070 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4074 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4081 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4082 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4093 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4098 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4100 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4103 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4104 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4113 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4114 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4116 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4121 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4128 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4131 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4133 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4141 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4148 return pollfd.revents;
4151 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4160 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4164 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4170 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4183 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4186 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4192 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4193 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4195 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4199 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4202 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4206 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4207 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4208 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4210 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4213 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4214 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4215 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4217 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4222 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4223 "\033[H" /* move home */
4224 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4231 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4234 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4241 /* Try to deallocate */
4242 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4246 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4255 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4257 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4262 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4263 "\033[H" /* move home */
4264 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4271 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4272 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4277 t = tempfn_random(to);
4281 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4284 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4292 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4293 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4297 t = tempfn_random(path);
4301 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4304 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4312 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4313 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4317 t = tempfn_random(path);
4321 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4324 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4332 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4336 display[0] == ':' &&
4337 display[1] >= '0' &&
4341 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4348 if (!display_is_local(display))
4351 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4353 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4357 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4358 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4367 const char **username,
4368 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4370 const char **shell) {
4378 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4379 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4381 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4399 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4403 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4404 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4405 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4406 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4407 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4409 *username = p->pw_name;
4412 p = getpwnam(*username);
4416 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4428 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4433 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4438 return strdup("root");
4442 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4444 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4450 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4455 return strdup("root");
4459 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4461 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4467 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4473 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4474 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4476 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4477 *groupname = "root";
4485 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4490 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4493 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4497 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4505 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4507 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4509 if (getgid() == gid)
4512 if (getegid() == gid)
4515 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4516 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4518 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4520 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4524 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4531 int in_group(const char *name) {
4535 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4542 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4543 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4549 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4551 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4553 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4556 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4558 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4561 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4562 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4567 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4569 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4571 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4573 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4574 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4576 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4577 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4585 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4591 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4594 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4598 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4599 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4600 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4601 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4602 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4603 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4604 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4610 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4611 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4612 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4613 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4617 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4618 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4630 if (!de && errno != 0)
4635 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4637 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4641 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4642 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4645 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4656 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4662 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4676 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4681 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4705 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4719 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4720 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4722 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4723 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4728 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4735 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4736 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4739 r = access(p, F_OK);
4747 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4748 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4751 r = access(p, F_OK);
4757 /* Get parent dev_t */
4758 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4761 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4767 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4773 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4774 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4777 r = access(p, F_OK);
4781 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4788 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4793 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4797 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4798 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4801 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4802 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4803 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4804 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4805 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4808 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4810 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4811 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4812 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4813 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4814 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4815 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4816 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4819 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4821 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4822 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4823 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4824 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4825 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4826 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4830 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4831 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4832 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4833 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4834 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4835 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4836 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4837 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4838 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4839 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4840 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4841 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4844 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4846 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4847 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4848 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4849 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4851 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4852 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4853 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4854 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4857 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4859 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4860 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4861 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4862 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4863 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4867 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4869 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4870 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4871 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4872 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4873 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4874 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4875 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4876 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4877 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4878 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4879 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4880 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4881 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4882 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4883 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4884 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4885 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4888 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4890 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4891 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4892 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4893 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4894 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4897 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4899 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4916 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4927 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4929 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4935 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4937 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4938 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4941 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4945 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4946 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4948 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4953 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4958 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4962 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4966 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4967 signo = (int) u + offset;
4968 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4974 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4975 bool loaded = false;
4978 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4986 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4988 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
4997 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5004 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5007 static const struct {
5011 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5012 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5013 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5014 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5015 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5019 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5021 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5024 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5025 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5032 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5040 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5053 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5055 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5057 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5058 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5061 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5064 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5065 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5071 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5073 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5075 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5076 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5079 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5082 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5083 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5088 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5089 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5090 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5091 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5099 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5102 parent_pid = getpid();
5104 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5105 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5106 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5107 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5108 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5111 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5112 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5116 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5117 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5124 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5125 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5126 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5128 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5129 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5130 * SIGTERM or so... */
5131 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5132 reset_signal_mask();
5134 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5135 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5136 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5137 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5139 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5140 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5142 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5143 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5145 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5148 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5149 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5150 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5151 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5152 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5153 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5154 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5155 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5157 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5158 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5162 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5165 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5171 /* Count arguments */
5173 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5178 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5180 /* Fill in arguments */
5182 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5183 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5187 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5190 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5191 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5195 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5201 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5202 * to get as close as we can */
5203 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5205 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5206 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5208 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5214 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5215 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5226 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5228 f = fopen(path, "re");
5236 char line[LINE_MAX];
5239 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5243 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5253 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5254 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5268 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5271 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5274 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5277 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5280 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5283 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5289 bool in_initrd(void) {
5290 static int saved = -1;
5296 /* We make two checks here:
5298 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5299 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5301 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5302 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5303 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5306 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5307 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5308 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5313 void warn_melody(void) {
5314 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5316 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5320 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5322 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5323 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5325 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5326 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5328 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5329 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5331 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5334 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5337 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5339 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5341 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5347 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5354 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5362 /* Take the user specified one */
5363 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5364 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5373 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5376 h = strdup("/root");
5384 /* Check the database... */
5388 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5390 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5393 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5401 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5409 /* Take the user specified one */
5410 e = getenv("SHELL");
5420 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5423 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5431 /* Check the database... */
5435 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5437 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5440 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5448 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5462 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5468 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5474 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5475 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5478 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5486 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5487 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5489 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5494 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5495 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5498 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5508 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5513 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5516 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5519 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5520 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5523 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5529 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5530 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5531 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5540 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5541 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5544 else if (comparison > 0)
5552 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5554 static int cached_answer = -1;
5556 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5559 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5560 cached_answer = true;
5564 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5566 cached_answer = true;
5570 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5571 cached_answer = true;
5575 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5576 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5577 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5579 cached_answer = true;
5583 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5587 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5588 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5592 return (bool) cached_answer;
5595 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5596 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5599 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5600 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5601 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5602 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5603 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5604 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5605 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5606 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5609 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5610 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5611 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5612 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5613 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5614 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5615 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5616 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5621 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5624 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5627 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5633 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5634 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5647 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5653 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5654 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5662 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5674 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5675 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5680 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5682 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5688 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5690 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5692 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5696 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5701 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5703 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5704 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5705 else if (*i == '\t')
5712 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5715 } else if (*i == '[') {
5716 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5721 state = STATE_OTHER;
5728 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5729 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5732 state = STATE_OTHER;
5734 } else if (*i == 'm')
5735 state = STATE_OTHER;
5757 int on_ac_power(void) {
5758 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5759 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5761 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5767 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5773 if (!de && errno != 0)
5779 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5782 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5784 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5790 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5792 if (errno == ENOENT)
5798 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5802 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5806 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5808 if (errno == ENOENT)
5814 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5818 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5821 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5822 found_online = true;
5824 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5825 found_offline = true;
5830 return found_online || !found_offline;
5833 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5840 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5843 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5844 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5848 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5850 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5860 if (errno != ENOENT)
5867 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5868 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5874 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5877 f = fopen(path, mode);
5886 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5890 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5893 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5894 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5896 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5899 f = fopen(path, mode);
5908 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5912 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5915 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5922 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5929 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5934 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5943 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5953 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5967 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5975 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5979 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5986 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5993 if (*allocated >= need)
5996 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
5997 a = newalloc * size;
5999 /* check for overflows */
6000 if (a < size * need)
6008 *allocated = newalloc;
6012 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6021 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6025 if (*allocated > prev)
6026 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6031 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6037 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6039 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6042 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6043 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6044 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6048 } else if (l == 36) {
6050 /* Formatted UUID */
6052 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6055 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6059 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6060 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6061 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6072 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6087 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6091 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6103 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6104 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6105 const char *word, *state;
6109 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6112 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6117 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6125 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6129 k = parse_boolean(e);
6137 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6140 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6141 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6144 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6148 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6157 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6164 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6165 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6166 const char *w, *state;
6172 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6174 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6178 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6179 char word[l+1], *value;
6184 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6186 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6189 value = strchr(word, '=');
6193 r = parse_item(word, value);
6201 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6202 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6210 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6211 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6219 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6222 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6232 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6233 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6241 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6242 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6250 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6251 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6259 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6260 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6268 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6269 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6275 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6278 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6281 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6286 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6291 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6294 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6298 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6302 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6306 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6309 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6313 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6316 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6319 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6325 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6326 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6331 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6334 return errno != ESRCH;
6337 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6340 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6345 r = get_process_state(pid);
6346 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6352 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6353 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6360 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6364 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6367 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6368 * to namespacing issues */
6376 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6388 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6392 if (errno != ERANGE)
6399 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6415 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6416 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6417 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6424 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6431 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6438 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6439 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6444 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6445 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6447 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6455 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6458 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6461 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6462 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6464 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6465 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6467 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6468 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6473 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6475 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6476 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6477 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6478 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6479 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6480 * used by libseccomp. */
6482 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6484 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6487 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6490 #elif defined(__i386__)
6492 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6496 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6497 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6498 * as error indicator. */
6499 return 0xffffffffUL;
6502 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6504 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6506 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6512 #elif defined(__i386__)
6521 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6524 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6525 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6527 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6530 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6533 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6535 struct mntent me = {
6536 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6541 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6547 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6550 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6551 const uint8_t *b = p;
6554 assert(s == 0 || b);
6559 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6561 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6566 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6574 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6579 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6593 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6598 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6600 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6601 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6603 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6608 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6612 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6613 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6614 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6617 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6622 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6623 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6627 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6630 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6631 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6632 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6633 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6634 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6635 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6636 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6637 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6638 "- " /* (8) separator */
6639 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6640 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6641 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6642 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6651 p = cunescape(path);
6655 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6658 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6674 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6675 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6676 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6679 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6680 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6681 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6682 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6683 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6684 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6685 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6686 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6687 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6688 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6689 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6690 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6691 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6693 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6697 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6699 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6704 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6705 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6706 bool top_autofs = false;
6709 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6713 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6714 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6718 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6721 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6722 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6723 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6724 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6725 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6726 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6727 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6728 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6729 "- " /* (8) separator */
6730 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6731 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6732 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6733 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6743 p = cunescape(path);
6747 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6748 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6749 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6750 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6751 * already triggered, then we will find
6752 * another entry for this. */
6753 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6754 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6758 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6759 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6761 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6771 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6772 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6774 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6775 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6778 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6779 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6780 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6781 * mount, make it one. */
6782 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6785 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6788 x = strdup(cleaned);
6792 r = set_consume(done, x);
6797 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6799 r = set_consume(done, x);
6805 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6807 /* Deal with mount points that are
6808 * obstructed by a later mount */
6810 if (errno != ENOENT)
6818 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6825 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6830 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6837 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6844 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6849 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6858 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6865 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6868 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6869 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6878 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6879 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6882 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6883 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6885 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6886 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6887 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6888 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6889 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6890 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6891 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6892 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6895 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6897 struct flock flock = {
6899 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6907 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6908 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6909 * our own trivial version of this.
6911 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6912 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6913 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6914 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6915 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6918 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6920 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6922 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6926 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6935 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6938 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6941 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))
6947 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6948 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6949 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6956 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6958 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6966 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6967 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
6968 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
6969 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
6979 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6989 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
6991 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
6993 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
6994 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6997 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7009 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7023 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7025 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7033 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7037 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7041 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7050 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7052 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7060 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7064 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7068 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7074 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7096 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7101 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7102 * quotes if necessary. */
7106 /* Count how many words are expected */
7109 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7118 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7119 l = newa0(char*, n);
7120 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7122 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7126 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7136 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7139 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7142 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7152 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7157 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7158 * possibly freeing the old one. */