1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
68 #include "path-util.h"
69 #include "exit-status.h"
73 char **saved_argv = NULL;
75 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
77 size_t page_size(void) {
78 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
81 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
84 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
91 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
93 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
104 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
107 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
109 return timespec_load(&ts);
112 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
115 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
116 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
121 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_from_realtime(dual_timestamp *ts, usec_t u) {
130 delta = (int64_t) now(CLOCK_REALTIME) - (int64_t) u;
132 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
134 if ((int64_t) ts->monotonic > delta)
135 ts->monotonic -= delta;
143 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
146 if (ts->tv_sec == (time_t) -1 &&
147 ts->tv_nsec == (long) -1)
151 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
152 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
155 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
158 if (u == (usec_t) -1) {
159 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) -1;
160 ts->tv_nsec = (long) -1;
164 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
165 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
170 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
173 if (tv->tv_sec == (time_t) -1 &&
174 tv->tv_usec == (suseconds_t) -1)
178 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
179 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
182 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
185 if (u == (usec_t) -1) {
186 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) -1;
187 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) -1;
191 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
192 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
197 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
204 pl = strlen(postfix);
212 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
215 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
230 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
233 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
249 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i)
250 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
256 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
271 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
275 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
278 int close_nointr(int fd) {
293 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
294 int saved_errno = errno;
296 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
299 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
304 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
307 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
308 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
311 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
314 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
316 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
322 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
323 unsigned long ul = 0;
330 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
336 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
346 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
347 unsigned long ul = 0;
354 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
360 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
367 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
375 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
377 if (!x || *x || errno)
378 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
380 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
383 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
387 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
395 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
397 if (!x || *x || errno)
398 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 if ((long) (int) l != l)
407 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
409 unsigned long long l;
415 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
417 if (!x || *x || errno)
418 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
424 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
432 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
434 if (!x || *x || errno)
435 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
441 /* Split a string into words. */
442 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
445 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
447 if (!*current || *c == 0)
450 current += strspn(current, separator);
451 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
454 return (char*) current;
457 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
458 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
459 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
461 bool escaped = false;
463 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
465 if (!*current || *c == 0)
468 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
470 if (*current == '\'') {
473 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
483 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
484 } else if (*current == '\"') {
487 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
497 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
499 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
504 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
511 return (char*) current;
514 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
516 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
517 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
523 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
530 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
531 r = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
536 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
537 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
538 * skip over it manually */
540 p = strrchr(line, ')');
552 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
555 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
560 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
561 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
562 char fn[PATH_MAX], line[LINE_MAX], *p;
567 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
574 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
581 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
582 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
583 * skip over it manually */
585 p = strrchr(line, ')');
607 "%*d " /* priority */
609 "%*d " /* num_threads */
610 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
611 "%llu " /* starttime */,
618 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
619 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
629 if (fputs(line, f) < 0)
630 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
632 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
638 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
643 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
648 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
654 int write_one_line_file_atomic(const char *fn, const char *line) {
662 r = fopen_temporary(fn, &f, &p);
666 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
669 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
674 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
685 if (rename(p, fn) < 0)
701 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
702 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
703 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
712 if (!fgets(t, sizeof(t), f)) {
715 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
729 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents, size_t *size) {
730 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
732 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
739 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0)
743 if (st.st_size > 4*1024*1024)
746 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
753 t = realloc(buf, n+1);
758 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
787 const char *separator, ...) {
790 char *contents = NULL, *p;
795 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents, NULL)) < 0)
800 const char *key = NULL;
802 p += strspn(p, separator);
803 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
808 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
812 va_start(ap, separator);
813 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
817 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
820 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
825 n = strcspn(p, separator);
828 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
830 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
841 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
858 p += strcspn(p, separator);
877 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
881 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
884 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
897 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
900 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
905 t = strv_append(m, u);
931 int write_env_file(const char *fname, char **l) {
936 r = fopen_temporary(fname, &f, &p);
940 fchmod_umask(fileno(f), 0644);
956 if (rename(p, fname) < 0)
971 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
974 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
978 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
984 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/self/comm", name);
987 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
990 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
997 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
1004 assert(max_length > 0);
1008 f = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
1011 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1021 r = new(char, max_length);
1029 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
1051 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
1052 memcpy(k, "...", n);
1059 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
1069 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
1073 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
1084 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
1094 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1103 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1107 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
1110 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
1115 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
1121 r = readlink_malloc("/proc/self/exe", name);
1124 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/exe", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1127 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
1134 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
1144 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/status", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
1154 char line[LINE_MAX], *l;
1156 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
1166 if (startswith(l, field)) {
1168 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
1170 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
1172 r = parse_uid(l, uid);
1185 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
1186 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
1189 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
1190 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
1193 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
1201 return strndup(suffix, b);
1210 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
1213 r = new(char, a+b+1);
1218 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
1224 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
1225 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
1228 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
1238 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
1241 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
1247 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
1258 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
1265 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
1268 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
1278 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
1285 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
1289 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1296 path_kill_slashes(*r);
1301 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1304 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1305 struct sigaction sa;
1307 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1311 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1312 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1314 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1315 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1316 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1317 if (errno != EINVAL)
1324 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1327 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1328 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1330 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1332 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
1333 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
1341 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1344 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1346 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1347 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1358 bool in_charset(const char *s, const char* charset) {
1364 for (i = s; *i; i++)
1365 if (!strchr(charset, *i))
1371 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1378 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1379 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1382 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1383 return strdup(filename);
1385 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1386 return strdup(filename);
1388 k = strlen(filename);
1389 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1392 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1393 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1398 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1407 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1408 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1414 /* Skip last component */
1415 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1418 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1419 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1425 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1428 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1437 if (errno != ENOENT)
1445 char hexchar(int x) {
1446 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1448 return table[x & 15];
1451 int unhexchar(char c) {
1453 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1456 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1457 return c - 'a' + 10;
1459 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1460 return c - 'A' + 10;
1465 char octchar(int x) {
1466 return '0' + (x & 7);
1469 int unoctchar(char c) {
1471 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1477 char decchar(int x) {
1478 return '0' + (x % 10);
1481 int undecchar(char c) {
1483 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1489 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1495 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1497 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1501 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1547 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1548 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1549 * g_strescape() does the same */
1550 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1552 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1553 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1554 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1565 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1572 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1574 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1576 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1581 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1583 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1626 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1631 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1634 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1635 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1637 if (a < 0 || b < 0) {
1638 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1642 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1657 /* octal encoding */
1660 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1661 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1662 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1664 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0) {
1665 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1669 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1677 /* premature end of string.*/
1682 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1694 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1695 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1698 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1701 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1704 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1708 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1709 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1712 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1716 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1718 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1719 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1722 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1723 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1733 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1739 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1740 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1742 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1745 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1747 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1748 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1749 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1751 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1752 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1762 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1767 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1770 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1775 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1776 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1777 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1780 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1792 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1797 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1798 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1799 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1804 static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1808 filename[0] == '.' ||
1809 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1810 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1811 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1812 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1813 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1814 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1815 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1816 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1817 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1820 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1823 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1826 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1829 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1834 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1838 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1840 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1842 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1848 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1853 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1857 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1859 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1861 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1867 static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1870 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1872 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1879 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1884 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1886 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1891 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1892 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1895 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1896 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1898 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1901 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1902 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1909 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1912 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1915 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1916 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1925 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1928 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1929 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1930 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1939 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1942 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1943 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1950 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1960 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1962 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1968 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1971 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1973 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1978 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1979 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1980 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1981 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1982 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1983 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1984 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1985 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1986 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1987 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1988 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1989 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1990 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1991 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1992 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1993 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1994 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1995 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1996 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1997 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1998 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1999 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
2000 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
2001 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2002 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2003 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
2004 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
2005 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
2006 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
2007 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
2008 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
2009 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
2010 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
2011 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
2012 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
2013 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
2014 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
2016 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
2017 (unsigned long long) d);
2019 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
2025 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
2026 static const struct {
2030 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2031 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2032 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2033 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2034 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2035 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2045 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
2049 snprintf(p, l, "0");
2054 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
2056 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
2060 if (t < table[i].usec)
2066 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2067 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2080 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2081 static const char table[] =
2090 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
2094 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2096 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2102 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2106 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2109 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2112 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2118 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
2119 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2121 char line[LINE_MAX];
2126 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2127 new_termios = old_termios;
2129 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2130 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2131 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2133 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2136 if (t != (usec_t) -1) {
2137 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
2138 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2143 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2145 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2151 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2158 if (t != (usec_t) -1)
2159 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
2162 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
2167 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2177 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2184 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2190 bool need_nl = true;
2193 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
2200 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
2204 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, (usec_t) -1, &need_nl);
2207 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2208 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2219 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2224 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2228 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
2229 struct termios termios;
2232 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2236 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2237 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2238 * interfere with that. */
2240 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2241 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2243 /* Switch to text mode */
2245 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
2247 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2248 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
2250 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2255 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2256 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2257 * else will do that for us */
2259 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2260 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2261 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2262 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2263 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2265 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2266 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2267 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2268 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2269 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2270 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2271 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2272 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2273 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2274 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2275 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2276 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2277 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2279 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2280 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2282 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2286 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2287 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2292 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
2295 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2299 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2300 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2305 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2310 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2311 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2312 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2313 * retrying a couple of times.
2315 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2319 fd = open(name, mode);
2326 /* Max 1s in total */
2330 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2339 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2344 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2351 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2352 struct pollfd pollfd;
2356 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2363 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2374 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2379 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2390 int acquire_terminal(
2394 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
2397 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
2399 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2403 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2404 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2405 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2407 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2408 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2409 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2410 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2411 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2412 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2413 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2414 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2416 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1)
2417 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2419 if (!fail && !force) {
2420 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != (usec_t) -1 ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
2426 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
2435 r = flush_fd(notify);
2440 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2441 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2442 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2443 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
2447 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2448 * if we already own the tty. */
2450 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2451 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2452 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2454 /* First, try to get the tty */
2455 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2458 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2460 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2461 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2462 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2463 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2466 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2475 assert(notify >= 0);
2478 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2480 struct inotify_event *e;
2482 if (timeout != (usec_t) -1) {
2485 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2486 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2491 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2501 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2504 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2511 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2516 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2521 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2522 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2524 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2531 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2532 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2533 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2534 * an endless loop. */
2535 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2539 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2541 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2543 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2549 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2552 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2557 int release_terminal(void) {
2559 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2561 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2564 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2565 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2568 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2569 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2570 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2572 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2575 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2577 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2581 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2586 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2587 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2594 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2595 struct sigaction sa;
2600 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2601 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2603 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2607 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2608 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2615 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2616 struct sigaction sa;
2621 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2622 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2624 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2628 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2629 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2636 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2642 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2647 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2651 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2654 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2663 while (nbytes > 0) {
2666 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2668 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2671 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2672 struct pollfd pollfd;
2676 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2678 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2682 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2685 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2686 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2691 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2702 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2711 while (nbytes > 0) {
2714 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2717 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2720 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2721 struct pollfd pollfd;
2725 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2727 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2731 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2734 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2735 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2740 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2751 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2752 static const struct {
2756 { "seconds", USEC_PER_SEC },
2757 { "second", USEC_PER_SEC },
2758 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2759 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2760 { "minutes", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2761 { "minute", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2762 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2763 { "months", USEC_PER_MONTH },
2764 { "month", USEC_PER_MONTH },
2765 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2766 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2767 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2768 { "hours", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2769 { "hour", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2770 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2771 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2772 { "days", USEC_PER_DAY },
2773 { "day", USEC_PER_DAY },
2774 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2775 { "weeks", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2776 { "week", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2777 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2778 { "years", USEC_PER_YEAR },
2779 { "year", USEC_PER_YEAR },
2780 { "y", USEC_PER_YEAR },
2783 { "", USEC_PER_SEC }, /* default is sec */
2799 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2810 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2812 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2813 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2814 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2815 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2819 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2829 int parse_nsec(const char *t, nsec_t *nsec) {
2830 static const struct {
2834 { "seconds", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2835 { "second", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2836 { "sec", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2837 { "s", NSEC_PER_SEC },
2838 { "minutes", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2839 { "minute", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2840 { "min", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2841 { "months", NSEC_PER_MONTH },
2842 { "month", NSEC_PER_MONTH },
2843 { "msec", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2844 { "ms", NSEC_PER_MSEC },
2845 { "m", NSEC_PER_MINUTE },
2846 { "hours", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2847 { "hour", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2848 { "hr", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2849 { "h", NSEC_PER_HOUR },
2850 { "days", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2851 { "day", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2852 { "d", NSEC_PER_DAY },
2853 { "weeks", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2854 { "week", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2855 { "w", NSEC_PER_WEEK },
2856 { "years", NSEC_PER_YEAR },
2857 { "year", NSEC_PER_YEAR },
2858 { "y", NSEC_PER_YEAR },
2859 { "usec", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2860 { "us", NSEC_PER_USEC },
2863 { "", 1ULL }, /* default is nsec */
2879 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2890 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2892 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2893 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2894 r += (nsec_t) l * table[i].nsec;
2895 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2899 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2909 int parse_bytes(const char *t, off_t *bytes) {
2910 static const struct {
2916 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2917 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2918 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2919 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2920 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2937 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2948 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2950 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2951 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2952 r += (off_t) l * table[i].factor;
2953 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2957 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2967 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2972 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2973 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2974 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2977 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2979 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2982 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2987 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2990 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2994 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2997 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2999 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
3000 * sysfs or in /dev */
3003 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
3004 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
3007 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
3008 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
3017 union dirent_storage buf;
3019 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
3026 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
3031 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
3032 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3036 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
3040 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
3041 if (r != sizeof(ull))
3047 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
3050 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
3053 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
3054 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
3055 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
3056 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
3057 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
3058 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
3061 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
3063 if (program_invocation_name)
3064 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
3066 if (saved_argc > 0) {
3070 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
3072 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
3076 memset(saved_argv[i], 0, strlen(saved_argv[i]));
3081 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
3088 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
3089 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
3093 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
3096 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3098 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
3099 return strdup(u.nodename);
3101 return strdup(u.sysname);
3104 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
3107 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
3109 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
3112 static char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
3115 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
3116 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
3118 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
3120 return strdup("root");
3122 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
3126 buf = malloc(bufsize);
3130 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
3131 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
3133 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
3139 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
3143 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
3148 return lookup_uid(uid);
3151 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
3158 return lookup_uid(getuid());
3161 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
3162 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
3167 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
3173 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
3181 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
3185 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
3189 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
3191 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
3198 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
3200 char line[LINE_MAX], *p, *fn;
3201 unsigned long ttynr;
3204 if (asprintf(&fn, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) (pid <= 0 ? getpid() : pid)) < 0)
3207 f = fopen(fn, "re");
3212 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
3213 k = feof(f) ? -EIO : -errno;
3220 p = strrchr(line, ')');
3230 "%*d " /* session */
3239 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
3241 char fn[PATH_MAX], *s, *b, *p;
3246 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
3250 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
3253 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
3258 /* This is an ugly hack */
3259 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
3260 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
3270 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
3271 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
3272 * vaguely useful. */
3274 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
3284 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
3286 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
3304 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3310 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3311 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
3315 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3317 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3322 union dirent_storage buf;
3323 bool is_dir, keep_around;
3327 r = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
3328 if (r != 0 && ret == 0) {
3336 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3339 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
3341 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
3342 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3343 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3348 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3351 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
3352 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
3354 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3355 keep_around = false;
3361 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
3362 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
3365 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
3366 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3367 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
3368 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3373 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3374 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
3378 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3379 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3383 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
3385 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3386 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3397 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
3402 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3403 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3407 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
3408 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
3411 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3412 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3413 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3414 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3418 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
3421 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
3427 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
3428 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
3429 * seriously broken system. */
3430 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
3431 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
3435 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
3438 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3442 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
3445 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3446 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3447 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3452 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3453 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3460 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
3461 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3465 if (s.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC &&
3466 s.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC) {
3467 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
3468 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3473 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
3476 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
3479 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
3488 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3489 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
3492 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
3493 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
3496 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3499 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3500 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3501 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3503 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
3504 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3507 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3508 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3514 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3517 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3518 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3519 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3521 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3524 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3530 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3534 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3537 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3540 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3541 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3551 if (errno != EINVAL)
3558 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3559 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3560 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3561 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3562 struct iovec iovec[5];
3567 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3568 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3570 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3573 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3586 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3592 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 75);
3602 if (!isempty(status)) {
3603 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3604 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3605 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3607 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3610 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3611 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3613 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3619 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, const char *format, ...) {
3625 va_start(ap, format);
3626 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, format, ap);
3632 int status_welcome(void) {
3634 _cleanup_free_ char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3636 r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3637 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3638 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3640 if (r < 0 && r != -ENOENT)
3641 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3643 return status_printf(NULL, false,
3644 "\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n",
3645 isempty(ansi_color) ? "1" : ansi_color,
3646 isempty(pretty_name) ? "Linux" : pretty_name);
3649 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3656 const char *e, *word = format;
3661 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3672 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3681 } else if (*e == '$') {
3682 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3698 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3701 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3714 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3725 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3727 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3729 l = strv_length(argv);
3731 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3734 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3736 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3737 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3742 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3744 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3755 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3764 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3772 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3773 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3783 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3787 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3796 unsigned columns(void) {
3800 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3801 return cached_columns;
3804 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3809 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3818 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3819 void columns_cache_reset(int signum) {
3823 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3827 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3836 unsigned lines(void) {
3837 static __thread int parsed_lines = 0;
3840 if (_likely_(parsed_lines > 0))
3841 return parsed_lines;
3843 e = getenv("LINES");
3845 parsed_lines = atoi(e);
3847 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3848 parsed_lines = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3850 if (parsed_lines <= 0)
3853 return parsed_lines;
3856 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3862 /* Only works as root */
3864 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3867 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3871 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3872 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3875 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3880 assert(percent <= 100);
3881 assert(new_length >= 3);
3883 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3884 return strndup(s, old_length);
3886 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3890 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3892 if (x > new_length - 3)
3900 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3901 new_length - x - 3);
3906 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3907 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3910 int touch(const char *path) {
3915 /* This just opens the file for writing, ensuring it
3916 * exists. It doesn't call utimensat() the way /usr/bin/touch
3919 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
3923 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3927 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3931 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3932 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3933 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3940 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3941 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3946 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3947 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3950 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3962 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3966 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3974 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3978 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3984 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3995 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
4007 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
4014 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
4016 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
4020 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
4021 if (status.si_status != 0) {
4022 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
4023 return status.si_status;
4026 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
4029 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
4030 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
4032 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
4036 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
4040 _noreturn_ void freeze(void) {
4042 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
4043 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
4051 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
4054 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
4057 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
4063 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
4068 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
4071 return null_or_empty(&st);
4074 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
4078 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags);
4084 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
4091 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
4095 signo = signal_from_string(s);
4097 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
4098 return signal_from_string(s+3);
4103 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
4109 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
4112 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
4114 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
4115 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
4118 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
4119 unsigned long long a, b;
4124 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
4125 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
4132 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
4136 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
4137 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
4139 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
4143 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
4149 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-%s/%s", by, t);
4158 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
4161 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
4162 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
4164 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
4165 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
4167 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
4168 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
4170 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
4171 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
4176 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
4179 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4182 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
4185 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
4188 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4191 return streq(tty, "console");
4194 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
4199 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4202 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
4205 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
4208 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
4212 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
4218 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
4219 char *active = NULL;
4224 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
4227 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is
4228 * actually ours (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign
4229 * for container setups) */
4230 if (streq(tty, "console") && path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") <= 0)
4231 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
4232 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
4233 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
4234 tty = strrchr(active, ' ');
4247 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
4250 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
4253 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
4256 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4259 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4260 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4261 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4267 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
4270 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4271 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4272 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4275 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
4278 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
4281 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4284 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4288 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4289 * until all they all finished. */
4292 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4294 if (errno == ENOENT)
4297 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4304 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4305 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4309 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4314 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4317 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4322 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4323 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4341 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4342 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4345 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4347 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4348 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4353 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4354 pid_t pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
4359 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4364 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4368 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4369 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status, NULL)) {
4370 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4371 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4373 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4375 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4386 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4389 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4392 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4400 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4406 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4407 if (streq(i, needle))
4413 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4414 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4417 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4426 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4428 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4429 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4430 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4436 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4442 for (p = s; *p; p++)
4443 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4446 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4452 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s) {
4455 for (p = s, d = s; *p; p++)
4456 if ((*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
4457 (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
4458 (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
4466 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4470 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4471 struct pollfd pollfd;
4476 pollfd.events = POLLIN|POLLHUP;
4478 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4485 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4488 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4489 struct pollfd pollfd;
4494 pollfd.events = event;
4496 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, t == (usec_t) -1 ? -1 : (int) (t / USEC_PER_MSEC));
4503 return pollfd.revents;
4506 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4517 t = new(char, strlen(path) + 1 + 6 + 1);
4521 fn = path_get_file_name(path);
4525 stpcpy(stpcpy(t+k+1, fn), "XXXXXX");
4527 fd = mkostemp(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4533 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4546 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4549 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4555 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4558 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4562 r = terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4563 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4568 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4572 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4573 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4574 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4576 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4579 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4580 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4581 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4583 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4588 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4589 "\033[H" /* move home */
4590 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4592 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4597 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4600 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4607 /* Try to deallocate */
4608 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4612 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4613 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4621 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4623 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4628 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4629 "\033[H" /* move home */
4630 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4632 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
4637 int copy_file(const char *from, const char *to) {
4643 fdf = open(from, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
4647 fdt = open(to, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644);
4649 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4657 n = read(fdf, buf, sizeof(buf));
4661 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4672 k = loop_write(fdt, buf, n, false);
4674 r = k < 0 ? k : (errno ? -errno : -EIO);
4676 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4684 close_nointr_nofail(fdf);
4685 r = close_nointr(fdt);
4695 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4697 _cleanup_free_ char *t;
4700 unsigned long long ull;
4707 t = new(char, strlen(to) + 1 + 16 + 1);
4711 fn = path_get_file_name(to);
4715 x = stpcpy(t+k+1, fn);
4718 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
4719 *(x++) = hexchar(ull & 0xF);
4725 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4728 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4737 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4741 display[0] == ':' &&
4742 display[1] >= '0' &&
4746 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4753 if (!display_is_local(display))
4756 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4758 f = new(char, sizeof("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k);
4762 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4763 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4772 const char **username,
4773 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4775 const char **shell) {
4783 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4784 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4786 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4804 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4808 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4809 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4810 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4811 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4812 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4814 *username = p->pw_name;
4817 p = getpwnam(*username);
4821 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4833 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4838 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4844 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4845 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4847 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4848 *groupname = "root";
4856 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4861 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4864 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4868 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4876 int in_group(const char *name) {
4878 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4880 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4884 if (getgid() == gid)
4887 if (getegid() == gid)
4890 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4891 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4893 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4895 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4899 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4906 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4914 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4916 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4918 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4921 r = !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4923 r = errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4930 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4936 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4939 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4943 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4944 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4945 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4946 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4947 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4948 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4949 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4955 int in_search_path(const char *path, char **search) {
4959 r = path_get_parent(path, &parent);
4965 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
4966 if (path_equal(parent, *i)) {
4977 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4985 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4986 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4995 union dirent_storage buf;
4998 k = readdir_r(d, &buf.de, &de);
5007 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
5009 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
5013 if ((unsigned) r >= n) {
5017 t = realloc(l, sizeof(char*) * n);
5026 assert((unsigned) r < n);
5028 l[r] = strdup(de->d_name);
5052 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
5066 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5071 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5095 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5109 bool is_main_thread(void) {
5110 static __thread int cached = 0;
5112 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
5113 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
5118 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
5125 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
5126 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5129 r = access(p, F_OK);
5137 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
5138 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5141 r = access(p, F_OK);
5147 /* Get parent dev_t */
5148 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
5151 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
5157 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
5163 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
5164 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
5167 r = access(p, F_OK);
5171 *ret = makedev(m, n);
5178 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
5183 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
5187 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
5188 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
5191 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
5192 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
5193 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
5194 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
5195 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
5198 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
5200 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
5201 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
5202 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
5203 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
5204 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
5205 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
5206 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
5209 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
5211 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
5212 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
5213 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
5214 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
5215 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
5216 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
5217 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
5218 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
5219 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
5220 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
5221 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
5222 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
5223 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
5224 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
5225 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
5226 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
5227 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
5228 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
5229 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
5230 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
5231 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
5234 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
5236 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
5237 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
5238 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
5239 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
5241 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
5242 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
5243 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
5244 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
5247 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
5249 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
5250 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
5251 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
5252 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
5253 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
5257 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
5259 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
5260 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
5261 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
5262 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
5263 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
5264 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
5265 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
5266 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
5267 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
5268 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
5269 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
5270 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
5271 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
5272 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
5273 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
5274 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
5275 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
5278 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
5280 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
5281 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
5282 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
5283 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
5284 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
5287 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
5289 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
5306 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
5317 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
5319 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
5325 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
5327 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
5328 static __thread char buf[12];
5331 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
5335 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
5336 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
5338 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf) - 1, "%d", signo);
5343 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
5348 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
5352 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
5356 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
5357 signo = (int) u + offset;
5358 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
5364 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
5365 bool loaded = false;
5368 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
5376 int strdup_or_null(const char *a, char **b) {
5394 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
5396 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5405 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5412 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5415 static const struct {
5419 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5420 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5421 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5422 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5423 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5427 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5429 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5432 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5433 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5440 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5448 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5461 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5463 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5465 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5467 l == sizeof(value) &&
5468 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5472 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5479 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5481 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5483 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5485 l == sizeof(value) &&
5486 (size_t) value >= n*2)
5490 r = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value));
5497 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5498 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5500 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5508 parent_pid = getpid();
5510 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5517 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5524 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5525 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5526 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5528 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5529 * to set the death signal */
5530 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5531 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5533 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5534 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5536 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5537 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5539 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5540 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5541 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5542 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5543 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5544 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5545 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5546 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5547 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5549 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5550 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5554 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5557 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5563 /* Count arguments */
5565 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5570 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5572 /* Fill in arguments */
5574 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5575 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5579 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5582 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5583 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5587 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5593 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5594 * to get as close as we can */
5595 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5597 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5598 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5600 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5606 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5607 char path[sizeof("/proc/")-1+10+sizeof("/environ")], *value = NULL;
5619 snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%lu/environ", (unsigned long) pid);
5622 f = fopen(path, "re");
5630 char line[LINE_MAX];
5633 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5637 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5647 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5648 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5668 int can_sleep(const char *type) {
5672 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5676 r = read_one_line_file("/sys/power/state", &p);
5678 return r == -ENOENT ? 0 : r;
5681 FOREACH_WORD_SEPARATOR(w, l, p, WHITESPACE, state)
5682 if (l == k && memcmp(w, type, l) == 0)
5688 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5691 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5694 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5697 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5700 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5703 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5709 bool in_initrd(void) {
5710 static __thread int saved = -1;
5716 /* We make two checks here:
5718 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5719 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5721 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5722 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5723 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5726 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5727 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5728 (s.f_type == TMPFS_MAGIC || s.f_type == RAMFS_MAGIC);
5733 void warn_melody(void) {
5734 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5736 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5740 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5742 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5743 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5745 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5746 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5748 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5749 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5751 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5754 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5757 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5759 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, (usec_t) -1);
5761 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5767 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5774 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5782 /* Take the user specified one */
5793 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5796 h = strdup("/root");
5804 /* Check the database... */
5808 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5810 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5813 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5821 int get_shell(char **_sh) {
5829 /* Take the user specified one */
5830 e = getenv("SHELL");
5840 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5843 sh = strdup("/bin/sh");
5851 /* Check the database... */
5855 return errno ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5857 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5860 sh = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5868 void freep(void *p) {
5872 void fclosep(FILE **f) {
5877 void closep(int *fd) {
5879 close_nointr_nofail(*fd);
5882 void closedirp(DIR **d) {
5887 void umaskp(mode_t *u) {
5891 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5905 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5911 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5916 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5917 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5920 if (strchr("\\\"\'", *t))
5927 int parse_timestamp(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
5931 usec_t plus = 0, minus = 0, ret;
5937 * 2012-09-22 16:34:22
5938 * 2012-09-22 16:34 (seconds will be set to 0)
5939 * 2012-09-22 (time will be set to 00:00:00)
5940 * 16:34:22 (date will be set to today)
5941 * 16:34 (date will be set to today, seconds to 0)
5943 * yesterday (time is set to 00:00:00)
5944 * today (time is set to 00:00:00)
5945 * tomorrow (time is set to 00:00:00)
5955 assert_se(localtime_r(&x, &tm));
5957 if (streq(t, "now"))
5960 else if (streq(t, "today")) {
5961 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
5964 } else if (streq(t, "yesterday")) {
5966 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
5969 } else if (streq(t, "tomorrow")) {
5971 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
5974 } else if (t[0] == '+') {
5976 r = parse_usec(t+1, &plus);
5981 } else if (t[0] == '-') {
5983 r = parse_usec(t+1, &minus);
5991 k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
5996 k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm);
6001 k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm);
6008 k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M", &tm);
6015 k = strptime(t, "%y-%m-%d", &tm);
6017 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
6022 k = strptime(t, "%Y-%m-%d", &tm);
6024 tm.tm_sec = tm.tm_min = tm.tm_hour = 0;
6029 k = strptime(t, "%H:%M:%S", &tm);
6034 k = strptime(t, "%H:%M", &tm);
6044 if (x == (time_t) -1)
6047 ret = (usec_t) x * USEC_PER_SEC;