src/execute.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <dirent.h>
  24 #include <errno.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/socket.h>
  30 #include <sys/un.h>
  31 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <grp.h>
  36 #include <pwd.h>
  37 #include <sys/mount.h>
  38 #include <linux/fs.h>
  39
  40 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
  41 #include <security/pam_appl.h>
  42 #endif
  43
  44 #include "execute.h"
  45 #include "strv.h"
  46 #include "macro.h"
  47 #include "util.h"
  48 #include "log.h"
  49 #include "ioprio.h"
  50 #include "securebits.h"
  51 #include "cgroup.h"
  52 #include "namespace.h"
  53 #include "tcpwrap.h"
  54 #include "exit-status.h"
  55
  56 /* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
  57 #define TTY_MODE 0620
  58
  59 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
  60         int start, restart_from;
  61
  62         if (n_fds <= 0)
  63                 return 0;
  64
  65         /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
  66
  67         assert(fds);
  68
  69         start = 0;
  70         for (;;) {
  71                 int i;
  72
  73                 restart_from = -1;
  74
  75                 for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
  76                         int nfd;
  77
  78                         /* Already at right index? */
  79                         if (fds[i] == i+3)
  80                                 continue;
  81
  82                         if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
  83                                 return -errno;
  84
  85                         close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
  86                         fds[i] = nfd;
  87
  88                         /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
  89                          * let's remember that and try again from here*/
  90                         if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
  91                                 restart_from = i;
  92                 }
  93
  94                 if (restart_from < 0)
  95                         break;
  96
  97                 start = restart_from;
  98         }
  99
 100         return 0;
 101 }
 102
 103 static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
 104         unsigned i;
 105         int r;
 106
 107         if (n_fds <= 0)
 108                 return 0;
 109
 110         assert(fds);
 111
 112         /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
 113
 114         for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
 115
 116                 if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
 117                         return r;
 118
 119                 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
 120                  * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
 121                  * children */
 122
 123                 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
 124                         return r;
 125         }
 126
 127         return 0;
 128 }
 129
 130 static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) {
 131         assert(context);
 132
 133         if (context->tty_path)
 134                 return context->tty_path;
 135
 136         return "/dev/console";
 137 }
 138
 139 static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) {
 140         int fd, r;
 141
 142         assert(nfd >= 0);
 143
 144         if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 145                 return -errno;
 146
 147         if (fd != nfd) {
 148                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 149                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 150         } else
 151                 r = nfd;
 152
 153         return r;
 154 }
 155
 156 static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) {
 157         int fd, r;
 158         union {
 159                 struct sockaddr sa;
 160                 struct sockaddr_un un;
 161         } sa;
 162
 163         assert(context);
 164         assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX);
 165         assert(ident);
 166         assert(nfd >= 0);
 167
 168         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
 169                 return -errno;
 170
 171         zero(sa);
 172         sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
 173         strncpy(sa.un.sun_path+1, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)-1);
 174
 175         if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, sizeof(sa_family_t) + 1 + sizeof(LOGGER_SOCKET) - 1) < 0) {
 176                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 177                 return -errno;
 178         }
 179
 180         if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
 181                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 182                 return -errno;
 183         }
 184
 185         /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
 186          * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
 187          * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
 188          * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
 189          * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
 190          * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
 191          * flushing issues. */
 192
 193         dprintf(fd,
 194                 "%s\n"
 195                 "%i\n"
 196                 "%s\n"
 197                 "%i\n",
 198                 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ? "kmsg" : "syslog",
 199                 context->syslog_priority,
 200                 context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident,
 201                 context->syslog_level_prefix);
 202
 203         if (fd != nfd) {
 204                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 205                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 206         } else
 207                 r = nfd;
 208
 209         return r;
 210 }
 211 static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) {
 212         int fd, r;
 213
 214         assert(path);
 215         assert(nfd >= 0);
 216
 217         if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 218                 return fd;
 219
 220         if (fd != nfd) {
 221                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 222                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 223         } else
 224                 r = nfd;
 225
 226         return r;
 227 }
 228
 229 static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) {
 230         return
 231                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY ||
 232                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE ||
 233                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL;
 234 }
 235
 236 static int fixup_input(ExecInput std_input, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 237
 238         if (is_terminal_input(std_input) && !apply_tty_stdin)
 239                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 240
 241         if (std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
 242                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 243
 244         return std_input;
 245 }
 246
 247 static int fixup_output(ExecOutput std_output, int socket_fd) {
 248
 249         if (std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET && socket_fd < 0)
 250                 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
 251
 252         return std_output;
 253 }
 254
 255 static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 256         ExecInput i;
 257
 258         assert(context);
 259
 260         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 261
 262         switch (i) {
 263
 264         case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
 265                 return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO);
 266
 267         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY:
 268         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE:
 269         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: {
 270                 int fd, r;
 271
 272                 if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 273                                      tty_path(context),
 274                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 275                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
 276                                      false)) < 0)
 277                         return fd;
 278
 279                 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
 280                         r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 281                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 282                 } else
 283                         r = STDIN_FILENO;
 284
 285                 return r;
 286         }
 287
 288         case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET:
 289                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 290
 291         default:
 292                 assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
 293         }
 294 }
 295
 296 static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 297         ExecOutput o;
 298         ExecInput i;
 299
 300         assert(context);
 301         assert(ident);
 302
 303         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 304         o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
 305
 306         /* This expects the input is already set up */
 307
 308         switch (o) {
 309
 310         case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT:
 311
 312                 /* If input got downgraded, inherit the original value */
 313                 if (i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL && is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
 314                         return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 315
 316                 /* If the input is connected to anything that's not a /dev/null, inherit that... */
 317                 if (i != EXEC_INPUT_NULL)
 318                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 319
 320                 /* If we are not started from PID 1 we just inherit STDOUT from our parent process. */
 321                 if (getppid() != 1)
 322                         return STDOUT_FILENO;
 323
 324                 /* We need to open /dev/null here anew, to get the
 325                  * right access mode. So we fall through */
 326
 327         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 328                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 329
 330         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 331                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 332                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 333
 334                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 335                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 336
 337         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 338         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
 339                 return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO);
 340
 341         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 342                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 343                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 344
 345         default:
 346                 assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
 347         }
 348 }
 349
 350 static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident, bool apply_tty_stdin) {
 351         ExecOutput o, e;
 352         ExecInput i;
 353
 354         assert(context);
 355         assert(ident);
 356
 357         i = fixup_input(context->std_input, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin);
 358         o = fixup_output(context->std_output, socket_fd);
 359         e = fixup_output(context->std_error, socket_fd);
 360
 361         /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
 362
 363         /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
 364          * the way and are not on a tty */
 365         if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 366             o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 367             i == EXEC_INPUT_NULL &&
 368             !is_terminal_input(context->std_input) &&
 369             getppid () != 1)
 370                 return STDERR_FILENO;
 371
 372         /* Duplicate from stdout if possible */
 373         if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT)
 374                 return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 375
 376         switch (e) {
 377
 378         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 379                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 380
 381         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 382                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 383                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 384
 385                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 386                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 387
 388         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 389         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG:
 390                 return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO);
 391
 392         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 393                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 394                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 395
 396         default:
 397                 assert_not_reached("Unknown error type");
 398         }
 399 }
 400
 401 static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) {
 402         struct stat st;
 403
 404         assert(fd >= 0);
 405
 406         /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
 407         (void) fchown(fd, uid, -1);
 408         (void) fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE);
 409
 410         if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
 411                 return -errno;
 412
 413         if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE)
 414                 return -EPERM;
 415
 416         return 0;
 417 }
 418
 419 static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 420                                int *_saved_stdin,
 421                                int *_saved_stdout) {
 422         int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r;
 423
 424         assert(context);
 425         assert(_saved_stdin);
 426         assert(_saved_stdout);
 427
 428         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 429          * negative errno style values! */
 430
 431         if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0)
 432                 return EXIT_STDIN;
 433
 434         if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) {
 435                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 436                 goto fail;
 437         }
 438
 439         if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 440                              tty_path(context),
 441                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 442                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE,
 443                              false)) < 0) {
 444                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 445                 goto fail;
 446         }
 447
 448         if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) {
 449                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 450                 goto fail;
 451         }
 452
 453         if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
 454                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 455                 goto fail;
 456         }
 457
 458         if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
 459                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 460                 goto fail;
 461         }
 462
 463         if (fd >= 2)
 464                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 465
 466         *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin;
 467         *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout;
 468
 469         return 0;
 470
 471 fail:
 472         if (saved_stdout >= 0)
 473                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
 474
 475         if (saved_stdin >= 0)
 476                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
 477
 478         if (fd >= 0)
 479                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 480
 481         return r;
 482 }
 483
 484 static int restore_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 485                                  int *saved_stdin,
 486                                  int *saved_stdout,
 487                                  bool *keep_stdin,
 488                                  bool *keep_stdout) {
 489
 490         assert(context);
 491         assert(saved_stdin);
 492         assert(*saved_stdin >= 0);
 493         assert(saved_stdout);
 494         assert(*saved_stdout >= 0);
 495
 496         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 497          * negative errno style values! */
 498
 499         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) {
 500
 501                 /* The service wants terminal input. */
 502
 503                 *keep_stdin = true;
 504                 *keep_stdout =
 505                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT ||
 506                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY;
 507
 508         } else {
 509                 /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal,
 510                  * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have
 511                  * already. */
 512
 513                 if (release_terminal() < 0)
 514                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 515
 516                 if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
 517                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 518
 519                 if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
 520                         return EXIT_STDOUT;
 521
 522                 *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false;
 523         }
 524
 525         return 0;
 526 }
 527
 528 static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
 529         struct group *g;
 530         unsigned long lu;
 531
 532         assert(groupname);
 533         assert(gid);
 534
 535         /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
 536          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 537
 538         if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
 539                 *gid = 0;
 540                 return 0;
 541         }
 542
 543         if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
 544                 errno = 0;
 545                 g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
 546         } else {
 547                 errno = 0;
 548                 g = getgrnam(groupname);
 549         }
 550
 551         if (!g)
 552                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 553
 554         *gid = g->gr_gid;
 555         return 0;
 556 }
 557
 558 static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
 559         struct passwd *p;
 560         unsigned long lu;
 561
 562         assert(username);
 563         assert(*username);
 564         assert(uid);
 565         assert(gid);
 566         assert(home);
 567
 568         /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
 569          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 570
 571         if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
 572                 *username = "root";
 573                 *uid = 0;
 574                 *gid = 0;
 575                 *home = "/root";
 576                 return 0;
 577         }
 578
 579         if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) {
 580                 errno = 0;
 581                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu);
 582
 583                 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
 584                  * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
 585                  * of the first occurence in the database. However if
 586                  * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
 587                  * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
 588                 if (*username && p)
 589                         *username = p->pw_name;
 590         } else {
 591                 errno = 0;
 592                 p = getpwnam(*username);
 593         }
 594
 595         if (!p)
 596                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 597
 598         *uid = p->pw_uid;
 599         *gid = p->pw_gid;
 600         *home = p->pw_dir;
 601         return 0;
 602 }
 603
 604 static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
 605         bool keep_groups = false;
 606         int r;
 607
 608         assert(context);
 609
 610         /* Lookup and ser GID and supplementary group list. Here too
 611          * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
 612
 613         if (context->group || username) {
 614
 615                 if (context->group)
 616                         if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
 617                                 return r;
 618
 619                 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
 620                 if (username && gid != 0) {
 621                         if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
 622                                 return -errno;
 623
 624                         keep_groups = true;
 625                 }
 626
 627                 /* Second step, set our gids */
 628                 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
 629                         return -errno;
 630         }
 631
 632         if (context->supplementary_groups) {
 633                 int ngroups_max, k;
 634                 gid_t *gids;
 635                 char **i;
 636
 637                 /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
 638                 ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
 639
 640                 if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
 641                         return -ENOMEM;
 642
 643                 if (keep_groups) {
 644                         if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
 645                                 free(gids);
 646                                 return -errno;
 647                         }
 648                 } else
 649                         k = 0;
 650
 651                 STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
 652
 653                         if (k >= ngroups_max) {
 654                                 free(gids);
 655                                 return -E2BIG;
 656                         }
 657
 658                         if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
 659                                 free(gids);
 660                                 return r;
 661                         }
 662
 663                         k++;
 664                 }
 665
 666                 if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
 667                         free(gids);
 668                         return -errno;
 669                 }
 670
 671                 free(gids);
 672         }
 673
 674         return 0;
 675 }
 676
 677 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
 678         int r;
 679         assert(context);
 680
 681         /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
 682          * capabilities while doing so. */
 683
 684         if (context->capabilities) {
 685                 cap_t d;
 686                 static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
 687                         CAP_SETUID,   /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
 688                         CAP_SETPCAP   /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
 689                 };
 690
 691                 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
 692                  * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
 693                  * caps, whiel we drop priviliges. */
 694                 if (uid != 0) {
 695                         int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
 696
 697                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
 698                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
 699                                         return -errno;
 700                 }
 701
 702                 /* Second step: set the capabilites. This will reduce
 703                  * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
 704
 705                 if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
 706                         return -errno;
 707
 708                 if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
 709                     cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
 710                         r = -errno;
 711                         cap_free(d);
 712                         return r;
 713                 }
 714
 715                 if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
 716                         r = -errno;
 717                         cap_free(d);
 718                         return r;
 719                 }
 720
 721                 cap_free(d);
 722         }
 723
 724         /* Third step: actually set the uids */
 725         if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
 726                 return -errno;
 727
 728         /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
 729            are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
 730            corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
 731            later. This is done outside of this call. */
 732
 733         return 0;
 734 }
 735
 736 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
 737
 738 static int null_conv(
 739                 int num_msg,
 740                 const struct pam_message **msg,
 741                 struct pam_response **resp,
 742                 void *appdata_ptr) {
 743
 744         /* We don't support conversations */
 745
 746         return PAM_CONV_ERR;
 747 }
 748
 749 static int setup_pam(
 750                 const char *name,
 751                 const char *user,
 752                 const char *tty,
 753                 char ***pam_env,
 754                 int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
 755
 756         static const struct pam_conv conv = {
 757                 .conv = null_conv,
 758                 .appdata_ptr = NULL
 759         };
 760
 761         pam_handle_t *handle = NULL;
 762         sigset_t ss, old_ss;
 763         int pam_code = PAM_SUCCESS;
 764         char **e = NULL;
 765         bool close_session = false;
 766         pid_t pam_pid = 0, parent_pid;
 767
 768         assert(name);
 769         assert(user);
 770         assert(pam_env);
 771
 772         /* We set up PAM in the parent process, then fork. The child
 773          * will then stay around untill killed via PR_GET_PDEATHSIG or
 774          * systemd via the cgroup logic. It will then remove the PAM
 775          * session again. The parent process will exec() the actual
 776          * daemon. We do things this way to ensure that the main PID
 777          * of the daemon is the one we initially fork()ed. */
 778
 779         if ((pam_code = pam_start(name, user, &conv, &handle)) != PAM_SUCCESS) {
 780                 handle = NULL;
 781                 goto fail;
 782         }
 783
 784         if (tty)
 785                 if ((pam_code = pam_set_item(handle, PAM_TTY, tty)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 786                         goto fail;
 787
 788         if ((pam_code = pam_acct_mgmt(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 789                 goto fail;
 790
 791         if ((pam_code = pam_open_session(handle, PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 792                 goto fail;
 793
 794         close_session = true;
 795
 796         if ((pam_code = pam_setcred(handle, PAM_ESTABLISH_CRED | PAM_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 797                 goto fail;
 798
 799         if ((!(e = pam_getenvlist(handle)))) {
 800                 pam_code = PAM_BUF_ERR;
 801                 goto fail;
 802         }
 803
 804         /* Block SIGTERM, so that we know that it won't get lost in
 805          * the child */
 806         if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 807             sigaddset(&ss, SIGTERM) < 0 ||
 808             sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &ss, &old_ss) < 0)
 809                 goto fail;
 810
 811         parent_pid = getpid();
 812
 813         if ((pam_pid = fork()) < 0)
 814                 goto fail;
 815
 816         if (pam_pid == 0) {
 817                 int sig;
 818                 int r = EXIT_PAM;
 819
 820                 /* The child's job is to reset the PAM session on
 821                  * termination */
 822
 823                 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
 824                  * of "/sbin/init") */
 825                 rename_process("sd:pam");
 826
 827                 /* Make sure we don't keep open the passed fds in this
 828                 child. We assume that otherwise only those fds are
 829                 open here that have been opened by PAM. */
 830                 close_many(fds, n_fds);
 831
 832                 /* Wait until our parent died. This will most likely
 833                  * not work since the kernel does not allow
 834                  * unpriviliged paretns kill their priviliged children
 835                  * this way. We rely on the control groups kill logic
 836                  * to do the rest for us. */
 837                 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
 838                         goto child_finish;
 839
 840                 /* Check if our parent process might already have
 841                  * died? */
 842                 if (getppid() == parent_pid) {
 843                         if (sigwait(&ss, &sig) < 0)
 844                                 goto child_finish;
 845
 846                         assert(sig == SIGTERM);
 847                 }
 848
 849                 /* Only if our parent died we'll end the session */
 850                 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
 851                         if ((pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT)) != PAM_SUCCESS)
 852                                 goto child_finish;
 853
 854                 r = 0;
 855
 856         child_finish:
 857                 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 858                 _exit(r);
 859         }
 860
 861         /* If the child was forked off successfully it will do all the
 862          * cleanups, so forget about the handle here. */
 863         handle = NULL;
 864
 865         /* Unblock SIGSUR1 again in the parent */
 866         if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &old_ss, NULL) < 0)
 867                 goto fail;
 868
 869         /* We close the log explicitly here, since the PAM modules
 870          * might have opened it, but we don't want this fd around. */
 871         closelog();
 872
 873         return 0;
 874
 875 fail:
 876         if (handle) {
 877                 if (close_session)
 878                         pam_code = pam_close_session(handle, PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 879
 880                 pam_end(handle, pam_code | PAM_DATA_SILENT);
 881         }
 882
 883         strv_free(e);
 884
 885         closelog();
 886
 887         if (pam_pid > 1)
 888                 kill(pam_pid, SIGTERM);
 889
 890         return EXIT_PAM;
 891 }
 892 #endif
 893
 894 int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command,
 895                char **argv,
 896                const ExecContext *context,
 897                int fds[], unsigned n_fds,
 898                char **environment,
 899                bool apply_permissions,
 900                bool apply_chroot,
 901                bool apply_tty_stdin,
 902                bool confirm_spawn,
 903                CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
 904                pid_t *ret) {
 905
 906         pid_t pid;
 907         int r;
 908         char *line;
 909         int socket_fd;
 910
 911         assert(command);
 912         assert(context);
 913         assert(ret);
 914         assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
 915
 916         if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
 917             context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
 918             context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) {
 919
 920                 if (n_fds != 1)
 921                         return -EINVAL;
 922
 923                 socket_fd = fds[0];
 924
 925                 fds = NULL;
 926                 n_fds = 0;
 927         } else
 928                 socket_fd = -1;
 929
 930         if (!argv)
 931                 argv = command->argv;
 932
 933         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv)))
 934                 return -ENOMEM;
 935
 936         log_debug("About to execute: %s", line);
 937         free(line);
 938
 939         if (cgroup_bondings)
 940                 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
 941                         return r;
 942
 943         if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
 944                 return -errno;
 945
 946         if (pid == 0) {
 947                 int i;
 948                 sigset_t ss;
 949                 const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
 950                 uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
 951                 gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
 952                 char **our_env = NULL, **pam_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL, **final_argv = NULL;
 953                 unsigned n_env = 0;
 954                 int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1;
 955                 bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false;
 956
 957                 /* child */
 958
 959                 /* This string must fit in 10 chars (i.e. the length
 960                  * of "/sbin/init") */
 961                 rename_process("sd:exec");
 962
 963                 /* We reset exactly these signals, since they are the
 964                  * only ones we set to SIG_IGN in the main daemon. All
 965                  * others we leave untouched because we set them to
 966                  * SIG_DFL or a valid handler initially, both of which
 967                  * will be demoted to SIG_DFL. */
 968                 default_signals(SIGNALS_CRASH_HANDLER,
 969                                 SIGNALS_IGNORE, -1);
 970
 971                 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 972                     sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
 973                         r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
 974                         goto fail;
 975                 }
 976
 977                 /* Close sockets very early to make sure we don't
 978                  * block init reexecution because it cannot bind its
 979                  * sockets */
 980                 if (close_all_fds(socket_fd >= 0 ? &socket_fd : fds,
 981                                   socket_fd >= 0 ? 1 : n_fds) < 0) {
 982                         r = EXIT_FDS;
 983                         goto fail;
 984                 }
 985
 986                 if (!context->same_pgrp)
 987                         if (setsid() < 0) {
 988                                 r = EXIT_SETSID;
 989                                 goto fail;
 990                         }
 991
 992                 if (context->tcpwrap_name) {
 993                         if (socket_fd >= 0)
 994                                 if (!socket_tcpwrap(socket_fd, context->tcpwrap_name)) {
 995                                         r = EXIT_TCPWRAP;
 996                                         goto fail;
 997                                 }
 998
 999                         for (i = 0; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
1000                                 if (!socket_tcpwrap(fds[i], context->tcpwrap_name)) {
1001                                         r = EXIT_TCPWRAP;
1002                                         goto fail;
1003                                 }
1004                         }
1005                 }
1006
1007                 /* We skip the confirmation step if we shall not apply the TTY */
1008                 if (confirm_spawn &&
1009                     (!is_terminal_input(context->std_input) || apply_tty_stdin)) {
1010                         char response;
1011
1012                         /* Set up terminal for the question */
1013                         if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context,
1014                                                      &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout)))
1015                                 goto fail;
1016
1017                         /* Now ask the question. */
1018                         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
1019                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1020                                 goto fail;
1021                         }
1022
1023                         r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line);
1024                         free(line);
1025
1026                         if (r < 0 || response == 'n') {
1027                                 r = EXIT_CONFIRM;
1028                                 goto fail;
1029                         } else if (response == 's') {
1030                                 r = 0;
1031                                 goto fail;
1032                         }
1033
1034                         /* Release terminal for the question */
1035                         if ((r = restore_confirm_stdio(context,
1036                                                        &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout,
1037                                                        &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout)))
1038                                 goto fail;
1039                 }
1040
1041                 if (!keep_stdin)
1042                         if (setup_input(context, socket_fd, apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1043                                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
1044                                 goto fail;
1045                         }
1046
1047                 if (!keep_stdout)
1048                         if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1049                                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
1050                                 goto fail;
1051                         }
1052
1053                 if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path), apply_tty_stdin) < 0) {
1054                         r = EXIT_STDERR;
1055                         goto fail;
1056                 }
1057
1058                 if (cgroup_bondings)
1059                         if (cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0) < 0) {
1060                                 r = EXIT_CGROUP;
1061                                 goto fail;
1062                         }
1063
1064                 if (context->oom_adjust_set) {
1065                         char t[16];
1066
1067                         snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_adjust);
1068                         char_array_0(t);
1069
1070                         if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0) {
1071                                 r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
1072                                 goto fail;
1073                         }
1074                 }
1075
1076                 if (context->nice_set)
1077                         if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
1078                                 r = EXIT_NICE;
1079                                 goto fail;
1080                         }
1081
1082                 if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
1083                         struct sched_param param;
1084
1085                         zero(param);
1086                         param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
1087
1088                         if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
1089                                                (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), &param) < 0) {
1090                                 r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
1091                                 goto fail;
1092                         }
1093                 }
1094
1095                 if (context->cpuset)
1096                         if (sched_setaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(context->cpuset_ncpus), context->cpuset) < 0) {
1097                                 r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
1098                                 goto fail;
1099                         }
1100
1101                 if (context->ioprio_set)
1102                         if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
1103                                 r = EXIT_IOPRIO;
1104                                 goto fail;
1105                         }
1106
1107                 if (context->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1108                         if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_nsec) < 0) {
1109                                 r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
1110                                 goto fail;
1111                         }
1112
1113                 if (context->user) {
1114                         username = context->user;
1115                         if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
1116                                 r = EXIT_USER;
1117                                 goto fail;
1118                         }
1119
1120                         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
1121                                 if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) {
1122                                         r = EXIT_STDIN;
1123                                         goto fail;
1124                                 }
1125                 }
1126
1127 #ifdef HAVE_PAM
1128                 if (context->pam_name && username) {
1129                         if (setup_pam(context->pam_name, username, context->tty_path, &pam_env, fds, n_fds) < 0) {
1130                                 r = EXIT_PAM;
1131                                 goto fail;
1132                         }
1133                 }
1134 #endif
1135
1136                 if (apply_permissions)
1137                         if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
1138                                 r = EXIT_GROUP;
1139                                 goto fail;
1140                         }
1141
1142                 umask(context->umask);
1143
1144                 if (strv_length(context->read_write_dirs) > 0 ||
1145                     strv_length(context->read_only_dirs) > 0 ||
1146                     strv_length(context->inaccessible_dirs) > 0 ||
1147                     context->mount_flags != MS_SHARED ||
1148                     context->private_tmp)
1149                         if ((r = setup_namespace(
1150                                              context->read_write_dirs,
1151                                              context->read_only_dirs,
1152                                              context->inaccessible_dirs,
1153                                              context->private_tmp,
1154                                              context->mount_flags)) < 0)
1155                                 goto fail;
1156
1157                 if (apply_chroot) {
1158                         if (context->root_directory)
1159                                 if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
1160                                         r = EXIT_CHROOT;
1161                                         goto fail;
1162                                 }
1163
1164                         if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
1165                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
1166                                 goto fail;
1167                         }
1168                 } else {
1169
1170                         char *d;
1171
1172                         if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
1173                                      context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
1174                                      context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
1175                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1176                                 goto fail;
1177                         }
1178
1179                         if (chdir(d) < 0) {
1180                                 free(d);
1181                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
1182                                 goto fail;
1183                         }
1184
1185                         free(d);
1186                 }
1187
1188                 /* We repeat the fd closing here, to make sure that
1189                  * nothing is leaked from the PAM modules */
1190                 if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1191                     shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
1192                     flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
1193                         r = EXIT_FDS;
1194                         goto fail;
1195                 }
1196
1197                 if (apply_permissions) {
1198
1199                         for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
1200                                 if (!context->rlimit[i])
1201                                         continue;
1202
1203                                 if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
1204                                         r = EXIT_LIMITS;
1205                                         goto fail;
1206                                 }
1207                         }
1208
1209                         if (context->user)
1210                                 if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
1211                                         r = EXIT_USER;
1212                                         goto fail;
1213                                 }
1214
1215                         /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not priviliged, while
1216                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
1217                          * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
1218                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
1219                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
1220                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
1221                                         r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
1222                                         goto fail;
1223                                 }
1224
1225                         if (context->capabilities)
1226                                 if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
1227                                         r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
1228                                         goto fail;
1229                                 }
1230                 }
1231
1232                 if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 6))) {
1233                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1234                         goto fail;
1235                 }
1236
1237                 if (n_fds > 0)
1238                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%lu", (unsigned long) getpid()) < 0 ||
1239                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
1240                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1241                                 goto fail;
1242                         }
1243
1244                 if (home)
1245                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
1246                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1247                                 goto fail;
1248                         }
1249
1250                 if (username)
1251                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
1252                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
1253                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1254                                 goto fail;
1255                         }
1256
1257                 assert(n_env <= 6);
1258
1259                 if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(
1260                                       4,
1261                                       environment,
1262                                       our_env,
1263                                       context->environment,
1264                                       pam_env,
1265                                       NULL))) {
1266                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1267                         goto fail;
1268                 }
1269
1270                 if (!(final_argv = replace_env_argv(argv, final_env))) {
1271                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1272                         goto fail;
1273                 }
1274
1275                 execve(command->path, final_argv, final_env);
1276                 r = EXIT_EXEC;
1277
1278         fail:
1279                 strv_free(our_env);
1280                 strv_free(final_env);
1281                 strv_free(pam_env);
1282                 strv_free(final_argv);
1283
1284                 if (saved_stdin >= 0)
1285                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
1286
1287                 if (saved_stdout >= 0)
1288                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
1289
1290                 _exit(r);
1291         }
1292
1293         /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so
1294          * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed
1295          * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be
1296          * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be
1297          * killed too). */
1298         if (cgroup_bondings)
1299                 cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid);
1300
1301         log_debug("Forked %s as %lu", command->path, (unsigned long) pid);
1302
1303         exec_status_start(&command->exec_status, pid);
1304
1305         *ret = pid;
1306         return 0;
1307 }
1308
1309 void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
1310         assert(c);
1311
1312         c->umask = 0002;
1313         c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
1314         c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
1315         c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
1316         c->syslog_level_prefix = true;
1317         c->mount_flags = MS_SHARED;
1318         c->kill_signal = SIGTERM;
1319 }
1320
1321 void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
1322         unsigned l;
1323
1324         assert(c);
1325
1326         strv_free(c->environment);
1327         c->environment = NULL;
1328
1329         for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
1330                 free(c->rlimit[l]);
1331                 c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
1332         }
1333
1334         free(c->working_directory);
1335         c->working_directory = NULL;
1336         free(c->root_directory);
1337         c->root_directory = NULL;
1338
1339         free(c->tty_path);
1340         c->tty_path = NULL;
1341
1342         free(c->tcpwrap_name);
1343         c->tcpwrap_name = NULL;
1344
1345         free(c->syslog_identifier);
1346         c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
1347
1348         free(c->user);
1349         c->user = NULL;
1350
1351         free(c->group);
1352         c->group = NULL;
1353
1354         strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
1355         c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
1356
1357         free(c->pam_name);
1358         c->pam_name = NULL;
1359
1360         if (c->capabilities) {
1361                 cap_free(c->capabilities);
1362                 c->capabilities = NULL;
1363         }
1364
1365         strv_free(c->read_only_dirs);
1366         c->read_only_dirs = NULL;
1367
1368         strv_free(c->read_write_dirs);
1369         c->read_write_dirs = NULL;
1370
1371         strv_free(c->inaccessible_dirs);
1372         c->inaccessible_dirs = NULL;
1373
1374         if (c->cpuset)
1375                 CPU_FREE(c->cpuset);
1376 }
1377
1378 void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) {
1379         assert(c);
1380
1381         free(c->path);
1382         c->path = NULL;
1383
1384         strv_free(c->argv);
1385         c->argv = NULL;
1386 }
1387
1388 void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) {
1389         unsigned i;
1390
1391         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1392                 exec_command_done(c+i);
1393 }
1394
1395 void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
1396         ExecCommand *i;
1397
1398         while ((i = c)) {
1399                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
1400                 exec_command_done(i);
1401                 free(i);
1402         }
1403 }
1404
1405 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
1406         unsigned i;
1407
1408         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1409                 exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
1410                 c[i] = NULL;
1411         }
1412 }
1413
1414 static void strv_fprintf(FILE *f, char **l) {
1415         char **g;
1416
1417         assert(f);
1418
1419         STRV_FOREACH(g, l)
1420                 fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
1421 }
1422
1423 void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
1424         char ** e;
1425         unsigned i;
1426
1427         assert(c);
1428         assert(f);
1429
1430         if (!prefix)
1431                 prefix = "";
1432
1433         fprintf(f,
1434                 "%sUMask: %04o\n"
1435                 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
1436                 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
1437                 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n"
1438                 "%sPrivateTmp: %s\n",
1439                 prefix, c->umask,
1440                 prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
1441                 prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
1442                 prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking),
1443                 prefix, yes_no(c->private_tmp));
1444
1445         if (c->environment)
1446                 for (e = c->environment; *e; e++)
1447                         fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1448
1449         if (c->tcpwrap_name)
1450                 fprintf(f,
1451                         "%sTCPWrapName: %s\n",
1452                         prefix, c->tcpwrap_name);
1453
1454         if (c->nice_set)
1455                 fprintf(f,
1456                         "%sNice: %i\n",
1457                         prefix, c->nice);
1458
1459         if (c->oom_adjust_set)
1460                 fprintf(f,
1461                         "%sOOMAdjust: %i\n",
1462                         prefix, c->oom_adjust);
1463
1464         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
1465                 if (c->rlimit[i])
1466                         fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
1467
1468         if (c->ioprio_set)
1469                 fprintf(f,
1470                         "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
1471                         "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
1472                         prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
1473                         prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
1474
1475         if (c->cpu_sched_set)
1476                 fprintf(f,
1477                         "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
1478                         "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
1479                         "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
1480                         prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
1481                         prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
1482                         prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
1483
1484         if (c->cpuset) {
1485                 fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
1486                 for (i = 0; i < c->cpuset_ncpus; i++)
1487                         if (CPU_ISSET_S(i, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(c->cpuset_ncpus), c->cpuset))
1488                                 fprintf(f, " %i", i);
1489                 fputs("\n", f);
1490         }
1491
1492         if (c->timer_slack_nsec_set)
1493                 fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNSec: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_nsec);
1494
1495         fprintf(f,
1496                 "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
1497                 "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
1498                 "%sStandardError: %s\n",
1499                 prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input),
1500                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output),
1501                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error));
1502
1503         if (c->tty_path)
1504                 fprintf(f,
1505                         "%sTTYPath: %s\n",
1506                         prefix, c->tty_path);
1507
1508         if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG ||
1509             c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG)
1510                 fprintf(f,
1511                         "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
1512                         "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
1513                         prefix, log_facility_to_string(LOG_FAC(c->syslog_priority)),
1514                         prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
1515
1516         if (c->capabilities) {
1517                 char *t;
1518                 if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
1519                         fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
1520                                 prefix, t);
1521                         cap_free(t);
1522                 }
1523         }
1524
1525         if (c->secure_bits)
1526                 fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
1527                         prefix,
1528                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
1529                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
1530                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
1531                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
1532                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
1533                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
1534
1535         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1536                 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSetDrop:", prefix);
1537
1538                 for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
1539                         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop & (1 << i)) {
1540                                 char *t;
1541
1542                                 if ((t = cap_to_name(i))) {
1543                                         fprintf(f, " %s", t);
1544                                         free(t);
1545                                 }
1546                         }
1547
1548                 fputs("\n", f);
1549         }
1550
1551         if (c->user)
1552                 fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s\n", prefix, c->user);
1553         if (c->group)
1554                 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s\n", prefix, c->group);
1555
1556         if (strv_length(c->supplementary_groups) > 0) {
1557                 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
1558                 strv_fprintf(f, c->supplementary_groups);
1559                 fputs("\n", f);
1560         }
1561
1562         if (c->pam_name)
1563                 fprintf(f, "%sPAMName: %s\n", prefix, c->pam_name);
1564
1565         if (strv_length(c->read_write_dirs) > 0) {
1566                 fprintf(f, "%sReadWriteDirs:", prefix);
1567                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_write_dirs);
1568                 fputs("\n", f);
1569         }
1570
1571         if (strv_length(c->read_only_dirs) > 0) {
1572                 fprintf(f, "%sReadOnlyDirs:", prefix);
1573                 strv_fprintf(f, c->read_only_dirs);
1574                 fputs("\n", f);
1575         }
1576
1577         if (strv_length(c->inaccessible_dirs) > 0) {
1578                 fprintf(f, "%sInaccessibleDirs:", prefix);
1579                 strv_fprintf(f, c->inaccessible_dirs);
1580                 fputs("\n", f);
1581         }
1582
1583         fprintf(f,
1584                 "%sKillMode: %s\n"
1585                 "%sKillSignal: SIG%s\n",
1586                 prefix, kill_mode_to_string(c->kill_mode),
1587                 prefix, signal_to_string(c->kill_signal));
1588 }
1589
1590 void exec_status_start(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid) {
1591         assert(s);
1592
1593         zero(*s);
1594         s->pid = pid;
1595         dual_timestamp_get(&s->start_timestamp);
1596 }
1597
1598 void exec_status_exit(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
1599         assert(s);
1600
1601         if ((s->pid && s->pid != pid) ||
1602             !s->start_timestamp.realtime <= 0)
1603                 zero(*s);
1604
1605         s->pid = pid;
1606         dual_timestamp_get(&s->exit_timestamp);
1607
1608         s->code = code;
1609         s->status = status;
1610 }
1611
1612 void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1613         char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1614
1615         assert(s);
1616         assert(f);
1617
1618         if (!prefix)
1619                 prefix = "";
1620
1621         if (s->pid <= 0)
1622                 return;
1623
1624         fprintf(f,
1625                 "%sPID: %lu\n",
1626                 prefix, (unsigned long) s->pid);
1627
1628         if (s->start_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1629                 fprintf(f,
1630                         "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
1631                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp.realtime));
1632
1633         if (s->exit_timestamp.realtime > 0)
1634                 fprintf(f,
1635                         "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
1636                         "%sExit Code: %s\n"
1637                         "%sExit Status: %i\n",
1638                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp.realtime),
1639                         prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code),
1640                         prefix, s->status);
1641 }
1642
1643 char *exec_command_line(char **argv) {
1644         size_t k;
1645         char *n, *p, **a;
1646         bool first = true;
1647
1648         assert(argv);
1649
1650         k = 1;
1651         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv)
1652                 k += strlen(*a)+3;
1653
1654         if (!(n = new(char, k)))
1655                 return NULL;
1656
1657         p = n;
1658         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
1659
1660                 if (!first)
1661                         *(p++) = ' ';
1662                 else
1663                         first = false;
1664
1665                 if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
1666                         *(p++) = '\'';
1667                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1668                         *(p++) = '\'';
1669                 } else
1670                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1671
1672         }
1673
1674         *p = 0;
1675
1676         /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
1677          * spaces and ticks in them */
1678
1679         return n;
1680 }
1681
1682 void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1683         char *p2;
1684         const char *prefix2;
1685
1686         char *cmd;
1687
1688         assert(c);
1689         assert(f);
1690
1691         if (!prefix)
1692                 prefix = "";
1693         p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t");
1694         prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix;
1695
1696         cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv);
1697
1698         fprintf(f,
1699                 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
1700                 prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
1701
1702         free(cmd);
1703
1704         exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2);
1705
1706         free(p2);
1707 }
1708
1709 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1710         assert(f);
1711
1712         if (!prefix)
1713                 prefix = "";
1714
1715         LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
1716                 exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
1717 }
1718
1719 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
1720         ExecCommand *end;
1721
1722         assert(l);
1723         assert(e);
1724
1725         if (*l) {
1726                 /* It's kinda important that we keep the order here */
1727                 LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
1728                 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
1729         } else
1730               *l = e;
1731 }
1732
1733 int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) {
1734         va_list ap;
1735         char **l, *p;
1736
1737         assert(c);
1738         assert(path);
1739
1740         va_start(ap, path);
1741         l = strv_new_ap(path, ap);
1742         va_end(ap);
1743
1744         if (!l)
1745                 return -ENOMEM;
1746
1747         if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1748                 strv_free(l);
1749                 return -ENOMEM;
1750         }
1751
1752         free(c->path);
1753         c->path = p;
1754
1755         strv_free(c->argv);
1756         c->argv = l;
1757
1758         return 0;
1759 }
1760
1761 static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
1762         [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
1763         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1764         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force",
1765         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail",
1766         [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1767 };
1768
1769 static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
1770         [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit",
1771         [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
1772         [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1773         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
1774         [EXEC_OUTPUT_KMSG] = "kmsg",
1775         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1776 };
1777
1778 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
1779
1780 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);