man/systemd.special.xml.in

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   2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
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   6   This file is part of systemd.
   7
   8   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   9
  10   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  11   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  12   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  13   (at your option) any later version.
  14
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  18   General Public License for more details.
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  21   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.special">
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemd.special</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Lennart</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Poettering</surname>
  35                                 <email>lennart@poettering.net</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemd.special</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>7</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemd.special</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>special systemd units</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <para><filename>basic.target</filename>,
  52                 <filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename>,
  53                 <filename>dbus.service</filename>,
  54                 <filename>default.target</filename>,
  55                 <filename>display-manager.service</filename>,
  56                 <filename>emergency.target</filename>,
  57                 <filename>exit.service</filename>,
  58                 <filename>graphical.target</filename>,
  59                 <filename>halt.target</filename>,
  60                 <filename>kbrequest.target</filename>,
  61                 <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
  62                 <filename>mail-transfer-agent.target</filename>,
  63                 <filename>multi-user.target</filename>,
  64                 <filename>network.target</filename>,
  65                 <filename>nss-lookup.target</filename>,
  66                 <filename>poweroff.target</filename>,
  67                 <filename>reboot.target</filename>,
  68                 <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
  69                 <filename>rescue.target</filename>,
  70                 <filename>rpcbind.target</filename>,
  71                 <filename>runlevel2.target</filename>,
  72                 <filename>runlevel3.target</filename>,
  73                 <filename>runlevel4.target</filename>,
  74                 <filename>runlevel5.target</filename>,
  75                 <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
  76                 <filename>sigpwr.target</filename>,
  77                 <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
  78                 <filename>swap.target</filename>,
  79                 <filename>sysinit.target</filename>,
  80                 <filename>syslog.target</filename>,
  81                 <filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename>,
  82                 <filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename>,
  83                 <filename>systemd-stdout-syslog-bridge.service</filename>,
  84                 <filename>systemd-stdout-syslog-bridge.socket</filename>,
  85                 <filename>time-sync.target</filename>,
  86                 <filename>umount.target</filename></para>
  87         </refsynopsisdiv>
  88
  89         <refsect1>
  90                 <title>Description</title>
  91
  92                 <para>A few units are treated specially by
  93                 systemd. They have special internal semantics and
  94                 cannot be renamed.</para>
  95         </refsect1>
  96
  97         <refsect1>
  98                 <title>Special System Units</title>
  99
 100                 <variablelist>
 101                         <varlistentry>
 102                                 <term><filename>basic.target</filename></term>
 103                                 <listitem>
 104                                         <para>A special target unit
 105                                         covering early boot-up.</para>
 106                                         <para>systemd automatically
 107                                         adds dependencies of the types
 108                                         Requires and After for this
 109                                         target unit to all SysV
 110                                         service units configured for
 111                                         runlevel 1 to 5.</para>
 112                                         <para>Usually this should pull-in
 113                                         all sockets, mount points,
 114                                         swap devices and other basic
 115                                         initialization necessary for
 116                                         the general purpose
 117                                         daemons. Most normal daemons
 118                                         should have dependencies of
 119                                         type After and Requires on
 120                                         this unit.</para>
 121                                 </listitem>
 122                         </varlistentry>
 123                         <varlistentry>
 124                                 <term><filename>ctrl-alt-del.target</filename></term>
 125                                 <listitem>
 126                                         <para>systemd starts this
 127                                         target whenever
 128                                         Control+Alt+Del is pressed on
 129                                         the console. Usually this
 130                                         should be aliased (symlinked)
 131                                         to
 132                                         <filename>reboot.target</filename>.</para>
 133                                 </listitem>
 134                         </varlistentry>
 135                         <varlistentry>
 136                                 <term><filename>dbus.service</filename></term>
 137                                 <listitem>
 138                                         <para>A special unit for the
 139                                         D-Bus system bus. As soon as
 140                                         this service is fully started
 141                                         up systemd will connect to it
 142                                         and register its
 143                                         service.</para>
 144                                 </listitem>
 145                         </varlistentry>
 146                         <varlistentry>
 147                                 <term><filename>default.target</filename></term>
 148                                 <listitem>
 149                                         <para>The default unit systemd
 150                                         starts at bootup. Usually this
 151                                         should be aliased (symlinked)
 152                                         to
 153                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 154                                         or
 155                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 156                                         <para>The default unit systemd
 157                                         starts at bootup can be
 158                                         overridden with the
 159                                         <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>
 160                                         kernel command line option.</para>
 161                                 </listitem>
 162                         </varlistentry>
 163                         <varlistentry>
 164                                 <term><filename>display-manager.service</filename></term>
 165                                 <listitem>
 166                                         <para>The display manager
 167                                         service. Usually this should
 168                                         be aliased (symlinked) to
 169                                         <filename>xdm.service</filename>
 170                                         or a similar display manager
 171                                         service.</para>
 172                                         <para>systemd automatically
 173                                         adds dependencies of type
 174                                         After for this target unit to
 175                                         all SysV init script service
 176                                         units with a LSB header
 177                                         referring to the
 178                                         <literal>$x-display-manager</literal>
 179                                         facility, for compatibility
 180                                         with Debian.</para>
 181                                 </listitem>
 182                         </varlistentry>
 183                         <varlistentry>
 184                                 <term><filename>emergency.target</filename></term>
 185                                 <listitem>
 186                                         <para>A special target unit
 187                                         that starts an emergency
 188                                         shell on the main
 189                                         console. This unit is supposed
 190                                         to be used with the kernel
 191                                         command line option
 192                                         <varname>systemd.unit=</varname>
 193                                         and has otherwise little use.
 194                                         </para>
 195                                 </listitem>
 196                         </varlistentry>
 197                         <varlistentry>
 198                                 <term><filename>graphical.target</filename></term>
 199                                 <listitem>
 200                                         <para>A special target unit
 201                                         for setting up a graphical
 202                                         login screen. This pulls in
 203                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
 204
 205                                         <para>Units that are needed
 206                                         for graphical login shall add
 207                                         Wants dependencies for their
 208                                         unit to this unit (or
 209                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>)
 210                                         during installation.</para>
 211                                 </listitem>
 212                         </varlistentry>
 213                         <varlistentry>
 214                                 <term><filename>halt.target</filename></term>
 215                                 <listitem>
 216                                         <para>A special target unit
 217                                         for shutting down and halting the system.</para>
 218
 219                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 220                                         halt the system should start
 221                                         this unit.</para>
 222                                 </listitem>
 223                         </varlistentry>
 224                         <varlistentry>
 225                                 <term><filename>kbrequest.target</filename></term>
 226                                 <listitem>
 227                                         <para>systemd starts this
 228                                         target whenever Alt+ArrowUp is
 229                                         pressed on the console. This
 230                                         is a good candidate to be
 231                                         aliased (symlinked) to
 232                                         <filename>rescue.target</filename>.</para>
 233                                 </listitem>
 234                         </varlistentry>
 235                         <varlistentry>
 236                                 <term><filename>local-fs.target</filename></term>
 237                                 <listitem>
 238                                         <para>systemd automatically
 239                                         adds dependencies of type
 240                                         After to all mount units that
 241                                         refer to local mount points
 242                                         for this target unit. In
 243                                         addition, systemd adds
 244                                         dependencies of type Wants to
 245                                         this target unit for those
 246                                         mounts listed in
 247                                         <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>
 248                                         that have the
 249                                         <option>auto</option> and
 250                                         <option>comment=systemd.mount</option>
 251                                         mount options set.</para>
 252
 253                                         <para>systemd automatically
 254                                         adds dependencies of type
 255                                         After for this target unit to
 256                                         all SysV init script service
 257                                         units with an LSB header
 258                                         referring to the
 259                                         <literal>$local_fs</literal>
 260                                         facility.</para>
 261                                 </listitem>
 262                         </varlistentry>
 263                         <varlistentry>
 264                                 <term><filename>mail-transfer-agent.target</filename></term>
 265                                 <listitem>
 266                                         <para>The mail transfer agent
 267                                         (MTA) service. Usually this
 268                                         should pull-in all units
 269                                         necessary for
 270                                         sending/receiving mails on the
 271                                         local host.</para>
 272
 273                                         <para>systemd automatically
 274                                         adds dependencies of type
 275                                         After for this target unit to
 276                                         all SysV init script service
 277                                         units with an LSB header
 278                                         referring to the
 279                                         <literal>$mail-transfer-agent</literal>
 280                                         or
 281                                         <literal>$mail-transport-agent</literal>
 282                                         facilities, for compatibility
 283                                         with Debian.</para>
 284                                 </listitem>
 285                         </varlistentry>
 286                         <varlistentry>
 287                                 <term><filename>multi-user.target</filename></term>
 288                                 <listitem>
 289                                         <para>A special target unit
 290                                         for setting up a multi-user
 291                                         system (non-graphical). This
 292                                         is pulled in by
 293                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 294
 295                                         <para>Units that are needed
 296                                         for a multi-user system shall
 297                                         add Wants dependencies to
 298                                         this unit for their unit during
 299                                         installation.</para>
 300                                 </listitem>
 301                         </varlistentry>
 302                         <varlistentry>
 303                                 <term><filename>network.target</filename></term>
 304                                 <listitem>
 305                                         <para>systemd automatically
 306                                         adds dependencies of type
 307                                         After for this target unit to
 308                                         all SysV init script service
 309                                         units with an LSB header
 310                                         referring to the
 311                                         <literal>$network</literal>
 312                                         facility.</para>
 313                                 </listitem>
 314                         </varlistentry>
 315                         <varlistentry>
 316                                 <term><filename>nss-lookup.target</filename></term>
 317                                 <listitem>
 318                                         <para>systemd automatically
 319                                         adds dependencies of type
 320                                         After for this target unit to
 321                                         all SysV init script service
 322                                         units with an LSB header
 323                                         referring to the
 324                                         <literal>$named</literal>
 325                                         facility.</para>
 326                                 </listitem>
 327                         </varlistentry>
 328                         <varlistentry>
 329                                 <term><filename>poweroff.target</filename></term>
 330                                 <listitem>
 331                                         <para>A special target unit
 332                                         for shutting down and powering off the system.</para>
 333
 334                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 335                                         power off the system should start
 336                                         this unit.</para>
 337
 338                                         <para><filename>runlevel0.target</filename>
 339                                         is an alias for this target
 340                                         unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
 341                                 </listitem>
 342                         </varlistentry>
 343                         <varlistentry>
 344                                 <term><filename>reboot.target</filename></term>
 345                                 <listitem>
 346                                         <para>A special target unit
 347                                         for shutting down and rebooting the system.</para>
 348
 349                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 350                                         reboot the system should start
 351                                         this unit.</para>
 352
 353                                         <para><filename>runlevel6.target</filename>
 354                                         is an alias for this target
 355                                         unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
 356                                 </listitem>
 357                         </varlistentry>
 358                         <varlistentry>
 359                                 <term><filename>remote-fs.target</filename></term>
 360                                 <listitem>
 361                                         <para>Similar to
 362                                         <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
 363                                         but for remote mount
 364                                         points.</para>
 365
 366                                         <para>systemd automatically
 367                                         adds dependencies of type
 368                                         After for this target unit to
 369                                         all SysV init script service
 370                                         units with an LSB header
 371                                         referring to the
 372                                         <literal>$remote_fs</literal>
 373                                         facility.</para>
 374                                 </listitem>
 375                         </varlistentry>
 376                         <varlistentry>
 377                                 <term><filename>rescue.target</filename></term>
 378                                 <listitem>
 379                                         <para>A special target unit
 380                                         for setting up the base system
 381                                         and a rescue shell.</para>
 382
 383                                         <para><filename>runlevel1.target</filename>
 384                                         is an alias for this target
 385                                         unit, for compatibility with SysV.</para>
 386                                 </listitem>
 387                         </varlistentry>
 388                         <varlistentry>
 389                                 <term><filename>rpcbind.target</filename></term>
 390                                 <listitem>
 391                                         <para>systemd automatically
 392                                         adds dependencies of type
 393                                         After for this target unit to
 394                                         all SysV init script service
 395                                         units with an LSB header
 396                                         referring to the
 397                                         <literal>$rpcbind</literal>
 398                                         facility.</para>
 399                                 </listitem>
 400                         </varlistentry>
 401                         <varlistentry>
 402                                 <term><filename>runlevel2.target</filename></term>
 403                                 <listitem>
 404                                         <para>This is a target that is
 405                                         called whenever the SysV
 406                                         compatibility code asks for
 407                                         runlevel 2. It is a good idea
 408                                         to make this an alias for
 409                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 410                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>.</para>
 411                                 </listitem>
 412                         </varlistentry>
 413                         <varlistentry>
 414                                 <term><filename>runlevel3.target</filename></term>
 415                                 <listitem>
 416                                         <para>This is a target that is
 417                                         called whenever the SysV
 418                                         compatibility code asks for
 419                                         runlevel 3. It is a good idea
 420                                         to make this an alias for
 421                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 422                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 423                                         or
 424                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 425                                 </listitem>
 426                         </varlistentry>
 427                         <varlistentry>
 428                                 <term><filename>runlevel4.target</filename></term>
 429                                 <listitem>
 430                                         <para>This is a target that is
 431                                         called whenever the SysV
 432                                         compatibility code asks for
 433                                         runlevel 4. It is a good idea
 434                                         to make this an alias for
 435                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 436                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 437                                         or
 438                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 439                                 </listitem>
 440                         </varlistentry>
 441                         <varlistentry>
 442                                 <term><filename>runlevel5.target</filename></term>
 443                                 <listitem>
 444                                         <para>This is a target that is
 445                                         called whenever the SysV
 446                                         compatibility code asks for
 447                                         runlevel 5. It is a good idea
 448                                         to make this an alias for
 449                                         (i.e. symlink to)
 450                                         <filename>multi-user.target</filename>
 451                                         or
 452                                         <filename>graphical.target</filename>.</para>
 453                                 </listitem>
 454                         </varlistentry>
 455                         <varlistentry>
 456                                 <term><filename>shutdown.target</filename></term>
 457                                 <listitem>
 458                                         <para>A special target unit
 459                                         that terminates the services
 460                                         on system shutdown.</para>
 461
 462                                         <para>Services that shall be
 463                                         terminated on system shutdown
 464                                         shall add Conflicts
 465                                         dependencies to this unit for
 466                                         their service unit, which is
 467                                         implicitly done when
 468                                         <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
 469                                         is set (the default).</para>
 470
 471                                         <para>systemd automatically
 472                                         adds dependencies of type
 473                                         Conflicts to this target unit
 474                                         for all SysV init script
 475                                         service units that shall be
 476                                         terminated in SysV runlevels 0
 477                                         or 6.</para>
 478                                 </listitem>
 479                         </varlistentry>
 480                         <varlistentry>
 481                                 <term><filename>sigpwr.target</filename></term>
 482                                 <listitem>
 483                                         <para>A special target that is
 484                                         started when systemd receives
 485                                         the SIGPWR process signal,
 486                                         which is normally sent by the
 487                                         kernel or UPS daemons when
 488                                         power fails.</para>
 489                                 </listitem>
 490                         </varlistentry>
 491                         <varlistentry>
 492                                 <term><filename>sockets.target</filename></term>
 493                                 <listitem>
 494                                         <para>A special target unit
 495                                         that sets up all service
 496                                         sockets.</para>
 497
 498                                         <para>Services that can be
 499                                         socket-activated shall add
 500                                         Wants dependencies to this
 501                                         unit for their socket unit
 502                                         during installation.</para>
 503                                 </listitem>
 504                         </varlistentry>
 505                         <varlistentry>
 506                                 <term><filename>swap.target</filename></term>
 507                                 <listitem>
 508                                         <para>Similar to
 509                                         <filename>local-fs.target</filename>, but for swap
 510                                         partitions and swap
 511                                         files.</para>
 512                                 </listitem>
 513                         </varlistentry>
 514                         <varlistentry>
 515                                 <term><filename>sysinit.target</filename></term>
 516                                 <listitem>
 517                                         <para>A special target unit
 518                                         covering early boot-up scripts.</para>
 519                                         <para>systemd automatically
 520                                         adds dependencies of the types
 521                                         Wants and After for all
 522                                         SysV service units configured
 523                                         for runlevels that are not 0
 524                                         to 6 to this target unit.
 525                                         This covers the special
 526                                         boot-up runlevels some
 527                                         distributions have, such as S
 528                                         or b.</para>
 529                                 </listitem>
 530                         </varlistentry>
 531                         <varlistentry>
 532                                 <term><filename>syslog.target</filename></term>
 533                                 <listitem>
 534                                         <para>systemd automatically
 535                                         adds dependencies of type
 536                                         After for this target unit to
 537                                         all SysV init script service
 538                                         units with an LSB header
 539                                         referring to the
 540                                         <literal>$syslog</literal>
 541                                         facility.</para>
 542                                 </listitem>
 543                         </varlistentry>
 544                         <varlistentry>
 545                                 <term><filename>systemd-initctl.service</filename></term>
 546                                 <listitem>
 547                                         <para>This provides
 548                                         compatibility with the SysV
 549                                         /dev/initctl file system FIFO
 550                                         for communication with the
 551                                         init system.</para>
 552                                         <para>This is a
 553                                         socket-activated service, see
 554                                         <filename>system-initctl.socket</filename>.</para>
 555                                 </listitem>
 556                         </varlistentry>
 557                         <varlistentry>
 558                                 <term><filename>systemd-initctl.socket</filename></term>
 559                                 <listitem>
 560                                         <para>Socket activation unit
 561                                         for
 562                                         <filename>system-initctl.service</filename>.</para>
 563                                 </listitem>
 564                         </varlistentry>
 565                         <varlistentry>
 566                                 <term><filename>systemd-stdout-syslog-bridge.service</filename></term>
 567                                 <listitem>
 568                                         <para>This is internally used
 569                                         by systemd to provide syslog
 570                                         logging to the processes it
 571                                         maintains.</para>
 572                                         <para>This is a
 573                                         socket-activated service, see
 574                                         <filename>system-stdout-syslog-bridge.socket</filename>.</para>
 575                                 </listitem>
 576                         </varlistentry>
 577                         <varlistentry>
 578                                 <term><filename>systemd-stdout-syslog-bridge.socket</filename></term>
 579                                 <listitem>
 580                                         <para>Socket activation unit
 581                                         for
 582                                         <filename>system-stdout-syslog-bridge.service</filename>. systemd
 583                                         will automatically add
 584                                         dependencies of types Requires
 585                                         and After to all units that
 586                                         have been configured for
 587                                         stdout or stderr to be
 588                                         connected to syslog or the
 589                                         kernel log buffer.</para>
 590                                 </listitem>
 591                         </varlistentry>
 592                          <varlistentry>
 593                                 <term><filename>systemd-shutdownd.service</filename></term>
 594                                 <listitem>
 595                                         <para>This is internally used
 596                                         by
 597                                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>shutdown</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 598                                         to implement delayed shutdowns.</para>
 599                                         <para>This is a
 600                                         socket-activated service, see
 601                                         <filename>system-shutdownd.socket</filename>.</para>
 602                                 </listitem>
 603                         </varlistentry>
 604                         <varlistentry>
 605                                 <term><filename>systemd-shutdownd.socket</filename></term>
 606                                 <listitem>
 607                                         <para>Socket activation unit
 608                                         for
 609                                         <filename>system-shutdownd.service</filename>.</para>
 610                                 </listitem>
 611                         </varlistentry>
 612                         <varlistentry>
 613                                 <term><filename>time-sync.target</filename></term>
 614                                 <listitem>
 615                                         <para>systemd automatically
 616                                         adds dependencies of type
 617                                         After for this target unit to
 618                                         all SysV init script service
 619                                         units with an LSB header
 620                                         referring to the
 621                                         <literal>$time</literal>
 622                                         facility.</para>
 623                                 </listitem>
 624                         </varlistentry>
 625                         <varlistentry>
 626                                 <term><filename>umount.target</filename></term>
 627                                 <listitem>
 628                                         <para>A special target unit
 629                                         that umounts all mount and
 630                                         automount points on system
 631                                         shutdown.</para>
 632
 633                                         <para>Mounts that shall be
 634                                         unmounted on system shutdown
 635                                         shall add Conflicts
 636                                         dependencies to this unit for
 637                                         their mount unit, which is
 638                                         implicitly done when
 639                                         <varname>DefaultDependencies=yes</varname>
 640                                         is set (the default).</para>
 641                                 </listitem>
 642                         </varlistentry>
 643                 </variablelist>
 644         </refsect1>
 645
 646         <refsect1>
 647                 <title>Special User Units</title>
 648
 649                 <para>When systemd runs as a user instance, the
 650                 following special units are available, which have
 651                 similar definitions as their system counterparts:
 652                 <filename>default.target</filename>,
 653                 <filename>local-fs.target</filename>,
 654                 <filename>remote-fs.target</filename>,
 655                 <filename>shutdown.target</filename>,
 656                 <filename>sockets.target</filename>,
 657                 <filename>swap.target</filename>.</para>
 658
 659                 <para>In addition the following special unit is
 660                 understood only when systemd runs as service instance:</para>
 661
 662                 <variablelist>
 663                         <varlistentry>
 664                                 <term><filename>exit.service</filename></term>
 665                                 <listitem>
 666                                         <para>A special service unit
 667                                         for shutting down the
 668                                         user service manager.</para>
 669
 670                                         <para>Applications wanting to
 671                                         terminate the user service
 672                                         manager should start this
 673                                         unit. If systemd receives
 674                                         SIGTERM or SIGINT when running
 675                                         as user service daemon it will
 676                                         start this unit.</para>
 677
 678                                         <para>Normally, this pulls in
 679                                         <filename>shutdown.target</filename>
 680                                         which in turn should be
 681                                         conflicted by all units that
 682                                         want to be shut down on
 683                                         user service manager exit.</para>
 684                                 </listitem>
 685                         </varlistentry>
 686                 </variablelist>
 687         </refsect1>
 688
 689         <refsect1>
 690                   <title>See Also</title>
 691                   <para>
 692                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 693                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 694                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.socket</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 695                           <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.target</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 696                   </para>
 697         </refsect1>
 698
 699 </refentry>