man/systemd.network.xml

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   8   Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
   9
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemd.network</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Gundersen</surname>
  35                                 <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemd.network</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
  52         </refsynopsisdiv>
  53
  54         <refsect1>
  55                 <title>Description</title>
  56
  57                 <para>Network setup is performed by
  58                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
  59                 </para>
  60
  61                 <para>Network files must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>;
  62                 other extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links
  63                 appear.</para>
  64
  65                 <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the files located in the
  66                 system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
  67                 the volatile runtime network directory
  68                 <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration
  69                 network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
  70                 All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
  71                 regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
  72                 identical filenames replace each other. Files in
  73                 <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
  74                 <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
  75                 name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a
  76                 system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in
  77                 <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in
  78                 <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
  79                 disables the configuration file entirely.</para>
  80
  81         </refsect1>
  82
  83         <refsect1>
  84                 <title>[Match] Section Options</title>
  85
  86                         <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section,
  87                         which determines if a given network file may be applied to a given device;
  88                         and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section specifying how the device should
  89                         be configured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that
  90                         matches a given device is applied.</para>
  91
  92                         <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the
  93                         <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.
  94                         The following keys are accepted:</para>
  95
  96                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
  97                                 <varlistentry>
  98                                         <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
  99                                         <listitem>
 100                                                 <para>The hardware address.</para>
 101                                         </listitem>
 102                                 </varlistentry>
 103                                 <varlistentry>
 104                                         <term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
 105                                         <listitem>
 106                                                 <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
 107                                                 property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
 108                                                 style globs.</para>
 109                                         </listitem>
 110                                 </varlistentry>
 111                                 <varlistentry>
 112                                         <term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>
 113                                         <listitem>
 114                                                 <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
 115                                                 exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
 116                                                 of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
 117                                                 as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the
 118                                                 device itself.</para>
 119                                         </listitem>
 120                                 </varlistentry>
 121                                 <varlistentry>
 122                                         <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
 123                                         <listitem>
 124                                                 <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
 125                                                 <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
 126                                         </listitem>
 127                                 </varlistentry>
 128                                 <varlistentry>
 129                                         <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
 130                                         <listitem>
 131                                                 <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
 132                                                 <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
 133                                                 globs.</para>
 134                                         </listitem>
 135                                 </varlistentry>
 136                                 <varlistentry>
 137                                         <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
 138                                         <listitem>
 139                                                 <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
 140                                                 host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
 141                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 142                                                 for details.
 143                                                 </para>
 144                                         </listitem>
 145                                 </varlistentry>
 146                                 <varlistentry>
 147                                         <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
 148                                         <listitem>
 149                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
 150                                                 environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
 151                                                 implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
 152                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 153                                                 for details.
 154                                                 </para>
 155                                         </listitem>
 156                                 </varlistentry>
 157                                 <varlistentry>
 158                                         <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
 159                                         <listitem>
 160                                                 <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
 161                                                 set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
 162                                                 <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
 163                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 164                                                 for details.
 165                                                 </para>
 166                                         </listitem>
 167                                 </varlistentry>
 168                                 <varlistentry>
 169                                         <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
 170                                         <listitem>
 171                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
 172                                                 architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
 173                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 174                                                 for details.
 175                                                 </para>
 176                                         </listitem>
 177                                 </varlistentry>
 178                         </variablelist>
 179
 180         </refsect1>
 181
 182         <refsect1>
 183                 <title>[Network] Section Options</title>
 184
 185                         <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 186
 187                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 188                                 <varlistentry>
 189                                         <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
 190                                         <listitem>
 191                                                 <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
 192                                                 presentation purposes.</para>
 193                                         </listitem>
 194                                 </varlistentry>
 195                                 <varlistentry>
 196                                         <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
 197                                         <listitem>
 198                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables basic DHCPv4 support.</para>
 199                                         </listitem>
 200                                 </varlistentry>
 201                                 <varlistentry>
 202                                         <term><varname>IPv4LL=</varname></term>
 203                                         <listitem>
 204                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables IPv4 link-local support.
 205                                                 If <literal>DHCP=</literal> is also true, acquiring DHCP address
 206                                                 will deprecate previously acquired IPv4 link-local address or
 207                                                 stop acquiring process if one has not been acquired before.
 208                                                 </para>
 209                                         </listitem>
 210                                 </varlistentry>
 211                                 <varlistentry>
 212                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 213                                         <listitem>
 214                                                 <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
 215                                                 separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify this
 216                                                 key more than once to configure several addresses.
 217                                                 The format of the address must be as described in
 218                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 219                                                 This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only containing
 220                                                 an Address key (see below). This option may be specified
 221                                                 more than once.
 222                                                 </para>
 223
 224                                                 <para>If the specified
 225                                                 address is 0.0.0.0
 226                                                 (for IPv4) or [::]
 227                                                 (for IPv6), a new
 228                                                 address range of the
 229                                                 requested size is
 230                                                 automatically
 231                                                 allocated from a
 232                                                 system-wide pool of
 233                                                 unused ranges. The
 234                                                 allocated range is
 235                                                 checked against all
 236                                                 current network
 237                                                 interfaces and all
 238                                                 known network
 239                                                 configuration files to
 240                                                 avoid IP range
 241                                                 conflicts. The default
 242                                                 system-wide pool
 243                                                 consists of
 244                                                 192.168.0.0/16,
 245                                                 172.16.0.0/12 and
 246                                                 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4,
 247                                                 and [fc00::] for
 248                                                 IPv6. This
 249                                                 functionality is
 250                                                 useful to manage a
 251                                                 large number of
 252                                                 dynamically created
 253                                                 network interfaces
 254                                                 with the same network
 255                                                 configuration and
 256                                                 automatic address
 257                                                 range
 258                                                 assignment.</para>
 259
 260                                         </listitem>
 261                                 </varlistentry>
 262                                 <varlistentry>
 263                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 264                                         <listitem>
 265                                                 <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format described in
 266                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 267                                                 This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway
 268                                                 key. This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 269                                         </listitem>
 270                                 </varlistentry>
 271                                 <varlistentry>
 272                                         <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
 273                                         <listitem>
 274                                                 <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in
 275                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 276                                                 This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 277                                         </listitem>
 278                                 </varlistentry>
 279                                 <varlistentry>
 280                                         <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
 281                                         <listitem>
 282                                                 <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
 283                                         </listitem>
 284                                 </varlistentry>
 285                                 <varlistentry>
 286                                         <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
 287                                         <listitem>
 288                                                 <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
 289                                         </listitem>
 290                                 </varlistentry>
 291                                 <varlistentry>
 292                                         <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
 293                                         <listitem>
 294                                                 <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option
 295                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 296                                         </listitem>
 297                                 </varlistentry>
 298                                 <varlistentry>
 299                                         <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
 300                                         <listitem>
 301                                                 <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option
 302                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 303                                         </listitem>
 304                                 </varlistentry>
 305                         </variablelist>
 306
 307         </refsect1>
 308
 309         <refsect1>
 310                 <title>[Address] Section Options</title>
 311
 312                         <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the following keys.
 313                         Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal> sections to configure several
 314                         addresses.</para>
 315
 316                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 317                                 <varlistentry>
 318                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 319                                         <listitem>
 320                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 321                                         </listitem>
 322                                 </varlistentry>
 323                                 <varlistentry>
 324                                         <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
 325                                         <listitem>
 326                                                 <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format described in
 327                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 328                                                 This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not given, it is
 329                                                 derived from the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
 330                                         </listitem>
 331                                 </varlistentry>
 332                                 <varlistentry>
 333                                         <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
 334                                         <listitem>
 335                                                 <para>An address label.</para>
 336                                         </listitem>
 337                                 </varlistentry>
 338                         </variablelist>
 339         </refsect1>
 340
 341         <refsect1>
 342                 <title>[Route] Section Options</title>
 343                         <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the following keys. Specify
 344                         several <literal>[Route]</literal> sections to configure several routes.</para>
 345
 346                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 347                                 <varlistentry>
 348                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 349                                         <listitem>
 350                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 351                                         </listitem>
 352                                 </varlistentry>
 353                                 <varlistentry>
 354                                         <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
 355                                         <listitem>
 356                                                 <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the
 357                                                 prefixlength. If ommitted, a full-length host route is assumed.</para>
 358                                         </listitem>
 359                                 </varlistentry>
 360                         </variablelist>
 361         </refsect1>
 362
 363         <refsect1>
 364                 <title>[DHCPv4] Section Options</title>
 365                         <para>The <literal>[DHCPv4]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 366
 367                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 368                                 <varlistentry>
 369                                         <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
 370                                         <listitem>
 371                                                 <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will
 372                                                 be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
 373                                         </listitem>
 374                                 </varlistentry>
 375                                 <varlistentry>
 376                                         <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
 377                                         <listitem>
 378                                                 <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will
 379                                                 be used on the current link. Defaults to false.</para>
 380                                         </listitem>
 381                                 </varlistentry>
 382                                 <varlistentry>
 383                                         <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
 384                                         <listitem>
 385                                                 <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server
 386                                                 will be used as the transient hostname.</para>
 387                                         </listitem>
 388                                 </varlistentry>
 389                                 <varlistentry>
 390                                         <term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>
 391                                         <listitem>
 392                                                 <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease
 393                                                 expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice
 394                                                 if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.</para>
 395                                         </listitem>
 396                                 </varlistentry>
 397                        </variablelist>
 398
 399         </refsect1>
 400
 401         <refsect1>
 402                 <title>Example</title>
 403                 <example>
 404                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>
 405
 406                         <programlisting>[Match]
 407 Name=enp2s0
 408
 409 [Network]
 410 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 411 Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 412                 </example>
 413
 414                 <example>
 415                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>
 416
 417                         <programlisting>[Match]
 418 Name=en*
 419
 420 [Network]
 421 DHCP=yes</programlisting>
 422                 </example>
 423
 424                 <example>
 425                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>
 426
 427                         <programlisting>[Match]
 428 Name=bridge0
 429
 430 [Network]
 431 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 432 Gateway=192.168.0.1
 433 DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 434                 </example>
 435
 436                 <example>
 437                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>
 438
 439                         <programlisting>[Match]
 440 Name=enp2s0
 441
 442 [Network]
 443 Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>
 444                 </example>
 445         </refsect1>
 446
 447         <refsect1>
 448                 <title>See Also</title>
 449                 <para>
 450                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 451                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 452                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 453                 </para>
 454         </refsect1>
 455
 456 </refentry>