man/systemd.network.xml

   1 <?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
   2 <!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.2//EN"
   3         "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
   4
   5 <!--
   6   This file is part of systemd.
   7
   8   Copyright 2013 Tom Gundersen
   9
  10   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  11   under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  12   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  13   (at your option) any later version.
  14
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  18   Lesser General Public License for more details.
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  21   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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  23
  24 <refentry id="systemd.network" conditional='ENABLE_NETWORKD'>
  25
  26         <refentryinfo>
  27                 <title>systemd.network</title>
  28                 <productname>systemd</productname>
  29
  30                 <authorgroup>
  31                         <author>
  32                                 <contrib>Developer</contrib>
  33                                 <firstname>Tom</firstname>
  34                                 <surname>Gundersen</surname>
  35                                 <email>teg@jklm.no</email>
  36                         </author>
  37                 </authorgroup>
  38         </refentryinfo>
  39
  40         <refmeta>
  41                 <refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
  42                 <manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
  43         </refmeta>
  44
  45         <refnamediv>
  46                 <refname>systemd.network</refname>
  47                 <refpurpose>Network configuration</refpurpose>
  48         </refnamediv>
  49
  50         <refsynopsisdiv>
  51                 <para><filename><replaceable>network</replaceable>.network</filename></para>
  52         </refsynopsisdiv>
  53
  54         <refsect1>
  55                 <title>Description</title>
  56
  57                 <para>Network setup is performed by
  58                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
  59                 </para>
  60
  61                 <para>Network files must have the extension <filename>.network</filename>;
  62                 other extensions are ignored. Networks are applied to links whenever the links
  63                 appear.</para>
  64
  65                 <para>The <filename>.network</filename> files are read from the files located in the
  66                 system network directory <filename>/usr/lib/systemd/network</filename>,
  67                 the volatile runtime network directory
  68                 <filename>/run/systemd/network</filename> and the local administration
  69                 network directory <filename>/etc/systemd/network</filename>.
  70                 All configuration files are collectively sorted and processed in lexical order,
  71                 regardless of the directories in which they live. However, files with
  72                 identical filenames replace each other. Files in
  73                 <filename>/etc</filename> have the highest priority, files in
  74                 <filename>/run</filename> take precedence over files with the same
  75                 name in <filename>/usr/lib</filename>. This can be used to override a
  76                 system-supplied configuration file with a local file if needed; a symlink in
  77                 <filename>/etc</filename> with the same name as a configuration file in
  78                 <filename>/usr/lib</filename>, pointing to <filename>/dev/null</filename>,
  79                 disables the configuration file entirely.</para>
  80
  81         </refsect1>
  82
  83         <refsect1>
  84                 <title>[Match] Section Options</title>
  85
  86                         <para>The network file contains a <literal>[Match]</literal> section,
  87                         which determines if a given network file may be applied to a given device;
  88                         and a <literal>[Network]</literal> section specifying how the device should
  89                         be configured. The first (in lexical order) of the network files that
  90                         matches a given device is applied.</para>
  91
  92                         <para>A network file is said to match a device if each of the entries in the
  93                         <literal>[Match]</literal> section matches, or if the section is empty.
  94                         The following keys are accepted:</para>
  95
  96                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
  97                                 <varlistentry>
  98                                         <term><varname>MACAddress=</varname></term>
  99                                         <listitem>
 100                                                 <para>The hardware address.</para>
 101                                         </listitem>
 102                                 </varlistentry>
 103                                 <varlistentry>
 104                                         <term><varname>Path=</varname></term>
 105                                         <listitem>
 106                                                 <para>The persistent path, as exposed by the udev
 107                                                 property <literal>ID_PATH</literal>. May contain shell
 108                                                 style globs.</para>
 109                                         </listitem>
 110                                 </varlistentry>
 111                                 <varlistentry>
 112                                         <term><varname>Driver=</varname></term>
 113                                         <listitem>
 114                                                 <para>The driver currently bound to the device, as
 115                                                 exposed by the udev property <literal>DRIVER</literal>
 116                                                 of its parent device, or if that is not set the driver
 117                                                 as exposed by <literal>ethtool -i</literal> of the
 118                                                 device itself.</para>
 119                                         </listitem>
 120                                 </varlistentry>
 121                                 <varlistentry>
 122                                         <term><varname>Type=</varname></term>
 123                                         <listitem>
 124                                                 <para>The device type, as exposed by the udev property
 125                                                 <literal>DEVTYPE</literal>.</para>
 126                                         </listitem>
 127                                 </varlistentry>
 128                                 <varlistentry>
 129                                         <term><varname>Name=</varname></term>
 130                                         <listitem>
 131                                                 <para>The device name, as exposed by the udev property
 132                                                 <literal>INTERFACE</literal>. May contain shell style
 133                                                 globs.</para>
 134                                         </listitem>
 135                                 </varlistentry>
 136                                 <varlistentry>
 137                                         <term><varname>Host=</varname></term>
 138                                         <listitem>
 139                                                 <para>Matches against the hostname or machine ID of the
 140                                                 host. See <literal>ConditionHost=</literal> in
 141                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 142                                                 for details.
 143                                                 </para>
 144                                         </listitem>
 145                                 </varlistentry>
 146                                 <varlistentry>
 147                                         <term><varname>Virtualization=</varname></term>
 148                                         <listitem>
 149                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is executed in a virtualized
 150                                                 environment and optionally test whether it is a specific
 151                                                 implementation. See <literal>ConditionVirtualization=</literal> in
 152                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 153                                                 for details.
 154                                                 </para>
 155                                         </listitem>
 156                                 </varlistentry>
 157                                 <varlistentry>
 158                                         <term><varname>KernelCommandLine=</varname></term>
 159                                         <listitem>
 160                                                 <para>Checks whether a specific kernel command line option is
 161                                                 set (or if prefixed with the exclamation mark unset). See
 162                                                 <literal>ConditionKernelCommandLine=</literal> in
 163                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 164                                                 for details.
 165                                                 </para>
 166                                         </listitem>
 167                                 </varlistentry>
 168                                 <varlistentry>
 169                                         <term><varname>Architecture=</varname></term>
 170                                         <listitem>
 171                                                 <para>Checks whether the system is running on a specific
 172                                                 architecture. See <literal>ConditionArchitecture=</literal> in
 173                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 174                                                 for details.
 175                                                 </para>
 176                                         </listitem>
 177                                 </varlistentry>
 178                         </variablelist>
 179
 180         </refsect1>
 181
 182         <refsect1>
 183                 <title>[Network] Section Options</title>
 184
 185                         <para>The <literal>[Network]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 186
 187                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 188                                 <varlistentry>
 189                                         <term><varname>Description=</varname></term>
 190                                         <listitem>
 191                                                 <para>A description of the device. This is only used for
 192                                                 presentation purposes.</para>
 193                                         </listitem>
 194                                 </varlistentry>
 195                                 <varlistentry>
 196                                         <term><varname>DHCP=</varname></term>
 197                                         <listitem>
 198                                                 <para>Enables DHCPv4 and/or DHCPv6 support. Accepts
 199                                                 <literal>both</literal>, <literal>none</literal>,
 200                                                 <literal>v4</literal> or <literal>v6</literal>.</para>
 201                                         </listitem>
 202                                 </varlistentry>
 203                                 <varlistentry>
 204                                         <term><varname>DHCPServer=</varname></term>
 205                                         <listitem>
 206                                                 <para>A boolean. Enables a basic DHCPv4 server on the
 207                                                 device. Mostly useful for handing out leases to container
 208                                                 instances.</para>
 209                                         </listitem>
 210                                 </varlistentry>
 211                                 <varlistentry>
 212                                         <term><varname>IPv4LL=</varname></term>
 213                                         <listitem>
 214                                                 <para>A boolean. When true, enables IPv4 link-local support.
 215                                                 If <literal>DHCP=</literal> is also true, acquiring DHCP address
 216                                                 will deprecate previously acquired IPv4 link-local address or
 217                                                 stop acquiring process if one has not been acquired before.
 218                                                 </para>
 219                                         </listitem>
 220                                 </varlistentry>
 221                                 <varlistentry>
 222                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 223                                         <listitem>
 224                                                 <para>A static IPv4 or IPv6 address and its prefix length,
 225                                                 separated by a <literal>/</literal> character. Specify this
 226                                                 key more than once to configure several addresses.
 227                                                 The format of the address must be as described in
 228                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 229                                                 This is a short-hand for an [Address] section only containing
 230                                                 an Address key (see below). This option may be specified
 231                                                 more than once.
 232                                                 </para>
 233
 234                                                 <para>If the specified
 235                                                 address is 0.0.0.0
 236                                                 (for IPv4) or [::]
 237                                                 (for IPv6), a new
 238                                                 address range of the
 239                                                 requested size is
 240                                                 automatically
 241                                                 allocated from a
 242                                                 system-wide pool of
 243                                                 unused ranges. The
 244                                                 allocated range is
 245                                                 checked against all
 246                                                 current network
 247                                                 interfaces and all
 248                                                 known network
 249                                                 configuration files to
 250                                                 avoid address range
 251                                                 conflicts. The default
 252                                                 system-wide pool
 253                                                 consists of
 254                                                 192.168.0.0/16,
 255                                                 172.16.0.0/12 and
 256                                                 10.0.0.0/8 for IPv4,
 257                                                 and fc00::/7 for
 258                                                 IPv6. This
 259                                                 functionality is
 260                                                 useful to manage a
 261                                                 large number of
 262                                                 dynamically created
 263                                                 network interfaces
 264                                                 with the same network
 265                                                 configuration and
 266                                                 automatic address
 267                                                 range
 268                                                 assignment.</para>
 269
 270                                         </listitem>
 271                                 </varlistentry>
 272                                 <varlistentry>
 273                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 274                                         <listitem>
 275                                                 <para>The gateway address, which must be in the format described in
 276                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 277                                                 This is a short-hand for a [Route] section only containing a Gateway
 278                                                 key. This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 279                                         </listitem>
 280                                 </varlistentry>
 281                                 <varlistentry>
 282                                         <term><varname>DNS=</varname></term>
 283                                         <listitem>
 284                                                 <para>A DNS server address, which must be in the format described in
 285                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 286                                                 This option may be specified more than once.</para>
 287                                         </listitem>
 288                                 </varlistentry>
 289 <!-- TODO: document NTP= option when it is actually used somewhere -->
 290                                 <varlistentry>
 291                                         <term><varname>Bridge=</varname></term>
 292                                         <listitem>
 293                                                 <para>The name of the bridge to add the link to.</para>
 294                                         </listitem>
 295                                 </varlistentry>
 296                                 <varlistentry>
 297                                         <term><varname>Bond=</varname></term>
 298                                         <listitem>
 299                                                 <para>The name of the bond to add the link to.</para>
 300                                         </listitem>
 301                                 </varlistentry>
 302                                 <varlistentry>
 303                                         <term><varname>VLAN=</varname></term>
 304                                         <listitem>
 305                                                 <para>The name of a VLAN to create on the link. This option
 306                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 307                                         </listitem>
 308                                 </varlistentry>
 309                                 <varlistentry>
 310                                         <term><varname>MACVLAN=</varname></term>
 311                                         <listitem>
 312                                                 <para>The name of a MACVLAN to create on the link. This option
 313                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 314                                         </listitem>
 315                                 </varlistentry>
 316                                 <varlistentry>
 317                                         <term><varname>VXLAN=</varname></term>
 318                                         <listitem>
 319                                                 <para>The name of a VXLAN to create on the link. This option
 320                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 321                                         </listitem>
 322                                 </varlistentry>
 323                                 <varlistentry>
 324                                         <term><varname>Tunnel=</varname></term>
 325                                         <listitem>
 326                                                 <para>The name of a Tunnel to create on the link. This option
 327                                                 may be specified more than once.</para>
 328                                         </listitem>
 329                                 </varlistentry>
 330                         </variablelist>
 331
 332         </refsect1>
 333
 334         <refsect1>
 335                 <title>[Address] Section Options</title>
 336
 337                         <para>An <literal>[Address]</literal> section accepts the following keys.
 338                         Specify several <literal>[Address]</literal> sections to configure several
 339                         addresses.</para>
 340
 341                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 342                                 <varlistentry>
 343                                         <term><varname>Address=</varname></term>
 344                                         <listitem>
 345                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 346                                         </listitem>
 347                                 </varlistentry>
 348                                 <varlistentry>
 349                                         <term><varname>Peer=</varname></term>
 350                                         <listitem>
 351                                                 <para>The peer address in a point-to-point connection. Accepts the same format as
 352                                                 the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
 353                                         </listitem>
 354                                 </varlistentry>
 355                                 <varlistentry>
 356                                         <term><varname>Broadcast=</varname></term>
 357                                         <listitem>
 358                                                 <para>The broadcast address, which must be in the format described in
 359                                                 <citerefentry><refentrytitle>inet_pton</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
 360                                                 This key only applies to IPv4 addresses. If it is not given, it is
 361                                                 derived from the <literal>Address</literal> key.</para>
 362                                         </listitem>
 363                                 </varlistentry>
 364                                 <varlistentry>
 365                                         <term><varname>Label=</varname></term>
 366                                         <listitem>
 367                                                 <para>An address label.</para>
 368                                         </listitem>
 369                                 </varlistentry>
 370                         </variablelist>
 371         </refsect1>
 372
 373         <refsect1>
 374                 <title>[Route] Section Options</title>
 375                         <para>The <literal>[Route]</literal> section accepts the following keys. Specify
 376                         several <literal>[Route]</literal> sections to configure several routes.</para>
 377
 378                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 379                                 <varlistentry>
 380                                         <term><varname>Gateway=</varname></term>
 381                                         <listitem>
 382                                                 <para>As in the <literal>[Network]</literal> section. This key is mandatory.</para>
 383                                         </listitem>
 384                                 </varlistentry>
 385                                 <varlistentry>
 386                                         <term><varname>Destination=</varname></term>
 387                                         <listitem>
 388                                                 <para>The destination prefix of the route. Possibly followed by a slash and the
 389                                                 prefixlength. If ommitted, a full-length host route is assumed.</para>
 390                                         </listitem>
 391                                 </varlistentry>
 392                                 <varlistentry>
 393                                         <term><varname>Metric=</varname></term>
 394                                         <listitem>
 395                                                 <para>The metric of the route. An unsigned integer</para>
 396                                         </listitem>
 397                                 </varlistentry>
 398                         </variablelist>
 399         </refsect1>
 400
 401         <refsect1>
 402                 <title>[DHCP] Section Options</title>
 403                         <para>The <literal>[DHCP]</literal> section accepts the following keys:</para>
 404
 405                         <variablelist class='network-directives'>
 406                                 <varlistentry>
 407                                         <term><varname>UseDNS=</varname></term>
 408                                         <listitem>
 409                                                 <para>When true (the default), the DNS servers received from the DHCP server will
 410                                                 be used and take precedence over any statically configured ones.</para>
 411                                         </listitem>
 412                                 </varlistentry>
 413                                 <varlistentry>
 414                                         <term><varname>UseMTU=</varname></term>
 415                                         <listitem>
 416                                                 <para>When true, the interface maximum transmission unit from the DHCP server will
 417                                                 be used on the current link. Defaults to false.</para>
 418                                         </listitem>
 419                                 </varlistentry>
 420                                 <varlistentry>
 421                                         <term><varname>SendHostname=</varname></term>
 422                                         <listitem>
 423                                                 <para>When true (the default), the machine's hostname will be sent to the DHCP
 424                                                 server</para>
 425                                         </listitem>
 426                                 </varlistentry>
 427                                 <varlistentry>
 428                                         <term><varname>UseHostname=</varname></term>
 429                                         <listitem>
 430                                                 <para>When true (the default), the hostname received from the DHCP server
 431                                                 will be used as the transient hostname.</para>
 432                                         </listitem>
 433                                 </varlistentry>
 434                                 <varlistentry>
 435                                         <term><varname>UseRoutes=</varname></term>
 436                                         <listitem>
 437                                                 <para>When true (the default), the static routes will be requested from the DHCP server
 438                                                 and added to the routing table with metric of 1024.</para>
 439                                         </listitem>
 440                                 </varlistentry>
 441                                 <varlistentry>
 442                                         <term><varname>CriticalConnection=</varname></term>
 443                                         <listitem>
 444                                                 <para>When true, the connection will never be torn down even if the DHCP lease
 445                                                 expires. This is contrary to the DHCP specification, but may be the best choice
 446                                                 if, say, the root filesystem relies on this connection. Defaults to false.</para>
 447                                         </listitem>
 448                                 </varlistentry>
 449                                 <varlistentry>
 450                                         <term><varname>VendorClassIdentifier=</varname></term>
 451                                         <listitem>
 452                                                 <para>The vendor class identifier used to identify vendor type and configuration.</para>
 453                                         </listitem>
 454                                 </varlistentry>
 455                                 <varlistentry>
 456                                         <term><varname>RequestBroadcast=</varname></term>
 457                                         <listitem>
 458                                                 <para>Request the server to use broadcast messages before the IP address has been
 459                                                 configured. This is necessary for devices that cannot receive RAW packets, or that
 460                                                 cannot receive packets at all before an IP address has been configured. On the other
 461                                                 hand, this must not be enabled on networks where broadcasts are filtered out.</para>
 462                                         </listitem>
 463                                 </varlistentry>
 464                        </variablelist>
 465
 466         </refsect1>
 467
 468         <refsect1>
 469                 <title>Example</title>
 470                 <example>
 471                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/50-static.network</title>
 472
 473                         <programlisting>[Match]
 474 Name=enp2s0
 475
 476 [Network]
 477 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 478 Gateway=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 479                 </example>
 480
 481                 <example>
 482                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/80-dhcp.network</title>
 483
 484                         <programlisting>[Match]
 485 Name=en*
 486
 487 [Network]
 488 DHCP=yes</programlisting>
 489                 </example>
 490
 491                 <example>
 492                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-static.network</title>
 493
 494                         <programlisting>[Match]
 495 Name=bridge0
 496
 497 [Network]
 498 Address=192.168.0.15/24
 499 Gateway=192.168.0.1
 500 DNS=192.168.0.1</programlisting>
 501                 </example>
 502
 503                 <example>
 504                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/bridge-slave-interface.network</title>
 505
 506                         <programlisting>[Match]
 507 Name=enp2s0
 508
 509 [Network]
 510 Bridge=bridge0</programlisting>
 511                 </example>
 512                 <example>
 513                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/ipip.network</title>
 514
 515                         <programlisting>[Match]
 516 Name=em1
 517
 518 [Network]
 519 Tunnel=ipip-tun</programlisting>
 520                 </example>
 521
 522                 <example>
 523                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/sit.network</title>
 524
 525                         <programlisting>[Match]
 526 Name=em1
 527
 528 [Network]
 529 Tunnel=sit-tun</programlisting>
 530                 </example>
 531
 532                 <example>
 533                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/gre.network</title>
 534
 535                         <programlisting>[Match]
 536 Name=em1
 537
 538 [Network]
 539 Tunnel=gre-tun</programlisting>
 540                 </example>
 541
 542                 <example>
 543                         <title>/etc/systemd/network/vti.network</title>
 544
 545                         <programlisting>[Match]
 546 Name=em1
 547
 548 [Network]
 549 Tunnel=vti-tun</programlisting>
 550                 </example>
 551         </refsect1>
 552
 553         <refsect1>
 554                 <title>See Also</title>
 555                 <para>
 556                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 557                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-networkd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
 558                         <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.netdev</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
 559                 </para>
 560         </refsect1>
 561
 562 </refentry>