execute.c

   1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8 -*-*/
   2
   3 /***
   4   This file is part of systemd.
   5
   6   Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
   7
   8   systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   9   under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
  10   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
  11   (at your option) any later version.
  12
  13   systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  14   WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  15   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  16   General Public License for more details.
  17
  18   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  19   along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  20 ***/
  21
  22 #include <assert.h>
  23 #include <dirent.h>
  24 #include <errno.h>
  25 #include <fcntl.h>
  26 #include <unistd.h>
  27 #include <string.h>
  28 #include <signal.h>
  29 #include <sys/socket.h>
  30 #include <sys/un.h>
  31 #include <sys/prctl.h>
  32 #include <linux/sched.h>
  33 #include <sys/types.h>
  34 #include <sys/stat.h>
  35 #include <grp.h>
  36 #include <pwd.h>
  37
  38 #include "execute.h"
  39 #include "strv.h"
  40 #include "macro.h"
  41 #include "util.h"
  42 #include "log.h"
  43 #include "ioprio.h"
  44 #include "securebits.h"
  45 #include "cgroup.h"
  46
  47 /* This assumes there is a 'tty' group */
  48 #define TTY_MODE 0620
  49
  50 static int shift_fds(int fds[], unsigned n_fds) {
  51         int start, restart_from;
  52
  53         if (n_fds <= 0)
  54                 return 0;
  55
  56         /* Modifies the fds array! (sorts it) */
  57
  58         assert(fds);
  59
  60         start = 0;
  61         for (;;) {
  62                 int i;
  63
  64                 restart_from = -1;
  65
  66                 for (i = start; i < (int) n_fds; i++) {
  67                         int nfd;
  68
  69                         /* Already at right index? */
  70                         if (fds[i] == i+3)
  71                                 continue;
  72
  73                         if ((nfd = fcntl(fds[i], F_DUPFD, i+3)) < 0)
  74                                 return -errno;
  75
  76                         close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
  77                         fds[i] = nfd;
  78
  79                         /* Hmm, the fd we wanted isn't free? Then
  80                          * let's remember that and try again from here*/
  81                         if (nfd != i+3 && restart_from < 0)
  82                                 restart_from = i;
  83                 }
  84
  85                 if (restart_from < 0)
  86                         break;
  87
  88                 start = restart_from;
  89         }
  90
  91         return 0;
  92 }
  93
  94 static int flags_fds(const int fds[], unsigned n_fds, bool nonblock) {
  95         unsigned i;
  96         int r;
  97
  98         if (n_fds <= 0)
  99                 return 0;
 100
 101         assert(fds);
 102
 103         /* Drops/Sets O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC from the file flags */
 104
 105         for (i = 0; i < n_fds; i++) {
 106
 107                 if ((r = fd_nonblock(fds[i], nonblock)) < 0)
 108                         return r;
 109
 110                 /* We unconditionally drop FD_CLOEXEC from the fds,
 111                  * since after all we want to pass these fds to our
 112                  * children */
 113
 114                 if ((r = fd_cloexec(fds[i], false)) < 0)
 115                         return r;
 116         }
 117
 118         return 0;
 119 }
 120
 121 static const char *tty_path(const ExecContext *context) {
 122         assert(context);
 123
 124         if (context->tty_path)
 125                 return context->tty_path;
 126
 127         return "/dev/console";
 128 }
 129
 130 static int open_null_as(int flags, int nfd) {
 131         int fd, r;
 132
 133         assert(nfd >= 0);
 134
 135         if ((fd = open("/dev/null", flags|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 136                 return -errno;
 137
 138         if (fd != nfd) {
 139                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 140                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 141         } else
 142                 r = nfd;
 143
 144         return r;
 145 }
 146
 147 static int connect_logger_as(const ExecContext *context, ExecOutput output, const char *ident, int nfd) {
 148         int fd, r;
 149         union {
 150                 struct sockaddr sa;
 151                 struct sockaddr_un un;
 152         } sa;
 153
 154         assert(context);
 155         assert(output < _EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX);
 156         assert(ident);
 157         assert(nfd >= 0);
 158
 159         if ((fd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0)
 160                 return -errno;
 161
 162         zero(sa);
 163         sa.sa.sa_family = AF_UNIX;
 164         strncpy(sa.un.sun_path+1, LOGGER_SOCKET, sizeof(sa.un.sun_path)-1);
 165
 166         if (connect(fd, &sa.sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0) {
 167                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 168                 return -errno;
 169         }
 170
 171         if (shutdown(fd, SHUT_RD) < 0) {
 172                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 173                 return -errno;
 174         }
 175
 176         /* We speak a very simple protocol between log server
 177          * and client: one line for the log destination (kmsg
 178          * or syslog), followed by the priority field,
 179          * followed by the process name. Since we replaced
 180          * stdin/stderr we simple use stdio to write to
 181          * it. Note that we use stderr, to minimize buffer
 182          * flushing issues. */
 183
 184         dprintf(fd,
 185                 "%s\n"
 186                 "%i\n"
 187                 "%s\n",
 188                 output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL ? "kmsg" : "syslog",
 189                 context->syslog_priority,
 190                 context->syslog_identifier ? context->syslog_identifier : ident);
 191
 192         if (fd != nfd) {
 193                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 194                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 195         } else
 196                 r = nfd;
 197
 198         return r;
 199 }
 200 static int open_terminal_as(const char *path, mode_t mode, int nfd) {
 201         int fd, r;
 202
 203         assert(path);
 204         assert(nfd >= 0);
 205
 206         if ((fd = open_terminal(path, mode | O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
 207                 return fd;
 208
 209         if (fd != nfd) {
 210                 r = dup2(fd, nfd) < 0 ? -errno : nfd;
 211                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 212         } else
 213                 r = nfd;
 214
 215         return r;
 216 }
 217
 218 static bool is_terminal_input(ExecInput i) {
 219         return
 220                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY ||
 221                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE ||
 222                 i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL;
 223 }
 224
 225 static int fixup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 226         assert(context);
 227
 228         if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET)
 229                 return EXEC_INPUT_NULL;
 230
 231         return context->std_input;
 232 }
 233
 234 static int fixup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 235         assert(context);
 236
 237         if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET)
 238                 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
 239
 240         return context->std_output;
 241 }
 242
 243 static int fixup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 244         assert(context);
 245
 246         if (socket_fd < 0 && context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET)
 247                 return EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT;
 248
 249         return context->std_error;
 250 }
 251
 252 static int setup_input(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd) {
 253         ExecInput i;
 254
 255         assert(context);
 256
 257         i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
 258
 259         switch (i) {
 260
 261         case EXEC_INPUT_NULL:
 262                 return open_null_as(O_RDONLY, STDIN_FILENO);
 263
 264         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY:
 265         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE:
 266         case EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL: {
 267                 int fd, r;
 268
 269                 if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 270                                      tty_path(context),
 271                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 272                                      i == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE)) < 0)
 273                         return fd;
 274
 275                 if (fd != STDIN_FILENO) {
 276                         r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 277                         close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 278                 } else
 279                         r = STDIN_FILENO;
 280
 281                 return r;
 282         }
 283
 284         case EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET:
 285                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDIN_FILENO;
 286
 287         default:
 288                 assert_not_reached("Unknown input type");
 289         }
 290 }
 291
 292 static int setup_output(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident) {
 293         ExecOutput o;
 294         ExecInput i;
 295
 296         assert(context);
 297         assert(ident);
 298
 299         i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
 300         o = fixup_output(context, socket_fd);
 301
 302         /* This expects the input is already set up */
 303
 304         switch (o) {
 305
 306         case EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT:
 307
 308                 /* If the input is connected to a terminal, inherit that... */
 309                 if (is_terminal_input(i) || i == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET)
 310                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 311
 312                 return STDIN_FILENO;
 313
 314         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 315                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 316
 317         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 318                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 319                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 320
 321                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 322                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDOUT_FILENO);
 323
 324         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 325         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL:
 326                 return connect_logger_as(context, o, ident, STDOUT_FILENO);
 327
 328         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 329                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 330                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDOUT_FILENO;
 331
 332         default:
 333                 assert_not_reached("Unknown output type");
 334         }
 335 }
 336
 337 static int setup_error(const ExecContext *context, int socket_fd, const char *ident) {
 338         ExecOutput o, e;
 339         ExecInput i;
 340
 341         assert(context);
 342         assert(ident);
 343
 344         i = fixup_input(context, socket_fd);
 345         o = fixup_output(context, socket_fd);
 346         e = fixup_error(context, socket_fd);
 347
 348         /* This expects the input and output are already set up */
 349
 350         /* Don't change the stderr file descriptor if we inherit all
 351          * the way and are not on a tty */
 352         if (e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 353             o == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT &&
 354             !is_terminal_input(i))
 355                 return STDERR_FILENO;
 356
 357         /* Duplicate form stdout if possible */
 358         if (e == o || e == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT)
 359                 return dup2(STDOUT_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 360
 361         switch (e) {
 362
 363         case EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL:
 364                 return open_null_as(O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 365
 366         case EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY:
 367                 if (is_terminal_input(i))
 368                         return dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 369
 370                 /* We don't reset the terminal if this is just about output */
 371                 return open_terminal_as(tty_path(context), O_WRONLY, STDERR_FILENO);
 372
 373         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG:
 374         case EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL:
 375                 return connect_logger_as(context, e, ident, STDERR_FILENO);
 376
 377         case EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET:
 378                 assert(socket_fd >= 0);
 379                 return dup2(socket_fd, STDERR_FILENO) < 0 ? -errno : STDERR_FILENO;
 380
 381         default:
 382                 assert_not_reached("Unknown error type");
 383         }
 384 }
 385
 386 static int chown_terminal(int fd, uid_t uid) {
 387         struct stat st;
 388
 389         assert(fd >= 0);
 390
 391         /* This might fail. What matters are the results. */
 392         fchown(fd, uid, -1);
 393         fchmod(fd, TTY_MODE);
 394
 395         if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
 396                 return -errno;
 397
 398         if (st.st_uid != uid || (st.st_mode & 0777) != TTY_MODE)
 399                 return -EPERM;
 400
 401         return 0;
 402 }
 403
 404 static int setup_confirm_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 405                                int *_saved_stdin,
 406                                int *_saved_stdout) {
 407         int fd = -1, saved_stdin, saved_stdout = -1, r;
 408
 409         assert(context);
 410         assert(_saved_stdin);
 411         assert(_saved_stdout);
 412
 413         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 414          * negative errno style values! */
 415
 416         if ((saved_stdin = fcntl(STDIN_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0)
 417                 return EXIT_STDIN;
 418
 419         if ((saved_stdout = fcntl(STDOUT_FILENO, F_DUPFD, 3)) < 0) {
 420                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 421                 goto fail;
 422         }
 423
 424         if ((fd = acquire_terminal(
 425                              tty_path(context),
 426                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL,
 427                              context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE)) < 0) {
 428                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 429                 goto fail;
 430         }
 431
 432         if (chown_terminal(fd, getuid()) < 0) {
 433                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 434                 goto fail;
 435         }
 436
 437         if (dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO) < 0) {
 438                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 439                 goto fail;
 440         }
 441
 442         if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0) {
 443                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 444                 goto fail;
 445         }
 446
 447         if (fd >= 2)
 448                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 449
 450         *_saved_stdin = saved_stdin;
 451         *_saved_stdout = saved_stdout;
 452
 453         return 0;
 454
 455 fail:
 456         if (saved_stdout >= 0)
 457                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
 458
 459         if (saved_stdin >= 0)
 460                 close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
 461
 462         if (fd >= 0)
 463                 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
 464
 465         return r;
 466 }
 467
 468 static int restore_conform_stdio(const ExecContext *context,
 469                                  int *saved_stdin,
 470                                  int *saved_stdout,
 471                                  bool *keep_stdin,
 472                                  bool *keep_stdout) {
 473
 474         assert(context);
 475         assert(saved_stdin);
 476         assert(*saved_stdin >= 0);
 477         assert(saved_stdout);
 478         assert(*saved_stdout >= 0);
 479
 480         /* This returns positive EXIT_xxx return values instead of
 481          * negative errno style values! */
 482
 483         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input)) {
 484
 485                 /* The service wants terminal input. */
 486
 487                 *keep_stdin = true;
 488                 *keep_stdout =
 489                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT ||
 490                         context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY;
 491
 492         } else {
 493                 /* If the service doesn't want a controlling terminal,
 494                  * then we need to get rid entirely of what we have
 495                  * already. */
 496
 497                 if (release_terminal() < 0)
 498                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 499
 500                 if (dup2(*saved_stdin, STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
 501                         return EXIT_STDIN;
 502
 503                 if (dup2(*saved_stdout, STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
 504                         return EXIT_STDOUT;
 505
 506                 *keep_stdout = *keep_stdin = false;
 507         }
 508
 509         return 0;
 510 }
 511
 512 static int get_group_creds(const char *groupname, gid_t *gid) {
 513         struct group *g;
 514         unsigned long lu;
 515
 516         assert(groupname);
 517         assert(gid);
 518
 519         /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
 520          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 521
 522         if (streq(groupname, "root") || streq(groupname, "0")) {
 523                 *gid = 0;
 524                 return 0;
 525         }
 526
 527         if (safe_atolu(groupname, &lu) >= 0) {
 528                 errno = 0;
 529                 g = getgrgid((gid_t) lu);
 530         } else {
 531                 errno = 0;
 532                 g = getgrnam(groupname);
 533         }
 534
 535         if (!g)
 536                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 537
 538         *gid = g->gr_gid;
 539         return 0;
 540 }
 541
 542 static int get_user_creds(const char **username, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid, const char **home) {
 543         struct passwd *p;
 544         unsigned long lu;
 545
 546         assert(username);
 547         assert(*username);
 548         assert(uid);
 549         assert(gid);
 550         assert(home);
 551
 552         /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
 553          * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
 554
 555         if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
 556                 *username = "root";
 557                 *uid = 0;
 558                 *gid = 0;
 559                 *home = "/root";
 560                 return 0;
 561         }
 562
 563         if (safe_atolu(*username, &lu) >= 0) {
 564                 errno = 0;
 565                 p = getpwuid((uid_t) lu);
 566
 567                 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
 568                  * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
 569                  * of the first occurence in the database. However if
 570                  * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
 571                  * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
 572                 if (*username && p)
 573                         *username = p->pw_name;
 574         } else {
 575                 errno = 0;
 576                 p = getpwnam(*username);
 577         }
 578
 579         if (!p)
 580                 return errno != 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
 581
 582         *uid = p->pw_uid;
 583         *gid = p->pw_gid;
 584         *home = p->pw_dir;
 585         return 0;
 586 }
 587
 588 static int enforce_groups(const ExecContext *context, const char *username, gid_t gid) {
 589         bool keep_groups = false;
 590         int r;
 591
 592         assert(context);
 593
 594         /* Lookup and ser GID and supplementary group list. Here too
 595          * we avoid NSS lookups for gid=0. */
 596
 597         if (context->group || username) {
 598
 599                 if (context->group)
 600                         if ((r = get_group_creds(context->group, &gid)) < 0)
 601                                 return r;
 602
 603                 /* First step, initialize groups from /etc/groups */
 604                 if (username && gid != 0) {
 605                         if (initgroups(username, gid) < 0)
 606                                 return -errno;
 607
 608                         keep_groups = true;
 609                 }
 610
 611                 /* Second step, set our gids */
 612                 if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid) < 0)
 613                         return -errno;
 614         }
 615
 616         if (context->supplementary_groups) {
 617                 int ngroups_max, k;
 618                 gid_t *gids;
 619                 char **i;
 620
 621                 /* Final step, initialize any manually set supplementary groups */
 622                 ngroups_max = (int) sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
 623
 624                 if (!(gids = new(gid_t, ngroups_max)))
 625                         return -ENOMEM;
 626
 627                 if (keep_groups) {
 628                         if ((k = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids)) < 0) {
 629                                 free(gids);
 630                                 return -errno;
 631                         }
 632                 } else
 633                         k = 0;
 634
 635                 STRV_FOREACH(i, context->supplementary_groups) {
 636
 637                         if (k >= ngroups_max) {
 638                                 free(gids);
 639                                 return -E2BIG;
 640                         }
 641
 642                         if ((r = get_group_creds(*i, gids+k)) < 0) {
 643                                 free(gids);
 644                                 return r;
 645                         }
 646
 647                         k++;
 648                 }
 649
 650                 if (setgroups(k, gids) < 0) {
 651                         free(gids);
 652                         return -errno;
 653                 }
 654
 655                 free(gids);
 656         }
 657
 658         return 0;
 659 }
 660
 661 static int enforce_user(const ExecContext *context, uid_t uid) {
 662         int r;
 663         assert(context);
 664
 665         /* Sets (but doesn't lookup) the uid and make sure we keep the
 666          * capabilities while doing so. */
 667
 668         if (context->capabilities) {
 669                 cap_t d;
 670                 static const cap_value_t bits[] = {
 671                         CAP_SETUID,   /* Necessary so that we can run setresuid() below */
 672                         CAP_SETPCAP   /* Necessary so that we can set PR_SET_SECUREBITS later on */
 673                 };
 674
 675                 /* First step: If we need to keep capabilities but
 676                  * drop privileges we need to make sure we keep our
 677                  * caps, whiel we drop priviliges. */
 678                 if (uid != 0) {
 679                         int sb = context->secure_bits|SECURE_KEEP_CAPS;
 680
 681                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != sb)
 682                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, sb) < 0)
 683                                         return -errno;
 684                 }
 685
 686                 /* Second step: set the capabilites. This will reduce
 687                  * the capabilities to the minimum we need. */
 688
 689                 if (!(d = cap_dup(context->capabilities)))
 690                         return -errno;
 691
 692                 if (cap_set_flag(d, CAP_EFFECTIVE, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0 ||
 693                     cap_set_flag(d, CAP_PERMITTED, ELEMENTSOF(bits), bits, CAP_SET) < 0) {
 694                         r = -errno;
 695                         cap_free(d);
 696                         return r;
 697                 }
 698
 699                 if (cap_set_proc(d) < 0) {
 700                         r = -errno;
 701                         cap_free(d);
 702                         return r;
 703                 }
 704
 705                 cap_free(d);
 706         }
 707
 708         /* Third step: actually set the uids */
 709         if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid) < 0)
 710                 return -errno;
 711
 712         /* At this point we should have all necessary capabilities but
 713            are otherwise a normal user. However, the caps might got
 714            corrupted due to the setresuid() so we need clean them up
 715            later. This is done outside of this call. */
 716
 717         return 0;
 718 }
 719
 720 int exec_spawn(ExecCommand *command,
 721                char **argv,
 722                const ExecContext *context,
 723                int fds[], unsigned n_fds,
 724                bool apply_permissions,
 725                bool apply_chroot,
 726                bool confirm_spawn,
 727                CGroupBonding *cgroup_bondings,
 728                pid_t *ret) {
 729
 730         pid_t pid;
 731         int r;
 732         char *line;
 733         int socket_fd;
 734
 735         assert(command);
 736         assert(context);
 737         assert(ret);
 738         assert(fds || n_fds <= 0);
 739
 740         if (context->std_input == EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET ||
 741             context->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET ||
 742             context->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET) {
 743
 744                 if (n_fds != 1)
 745                         return -EINVAL;
 746
 747                 socket_fd = fds[0];
 748
 749                 fds = NULL;
 750                 n_fds = 0;
 751         } else
 752                 socket_fd = -1;
 753
 754         if (!argv)
 755                 argv = command->argv;
 756
 757         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv)))
 758                 return -ENOMEM;
 759
 760         log_debug("About to execute: %s", line);
 761         free(line);
 762
 763         if (cgroup_bondings)
 764                 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_realize_list(cgroup_bondings)))
 765                         return r;
 766
 767         if ((pid = fork()) < 0)
 768                 return -errno;
 769
 770         if (pid == 0) {
 771                 int i;
 772                 sigset_t ss;
 773                 const char *username = NULL, *home = NULL;
 774                 uid_t uid = (uid_t) -1;
 775                 gid_t gid = (gid_t) -1;
 776                 char **our_env = NULL, **final_env = NULL;
 777                 unsigned n_env = 0;
 778                 int saved_stdout = -1, saved_stdin = -1;
 779                 bool keep_stdout = false, keep_stdin = false;
 780
 781                 /* child */
 782
 783                 reset_all_signal_handlers();
 784
 785                 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0 ||
 786                     sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0) {
 787                         r = EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK;
 788                         goto fail;
 789                 }
 790
 791                 if (!context->no_setsid)
 792                         if (setsid() < 0) {
 793                                 r = EXIT_SETSID;
 794                                 goto fail;
 795                         }
 796
 797                 umask(context->umask);
 798
 799                 if (confirm_spawn) {
 800                         char response;
 801
 802                         /* Set up terminal for the question */
 803                         if ((r = setup_confirm_stdio(context,
 804                                                      &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout)))
 805                                 goto fail;
 806
 807                         /* Now ask the question. */
 808                         if (!(line = exec_command_line(argv))) {
 809                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 810                                 goto fail;
 811                         }
 812
 813                         r = ask(&response, "yns", "Execute %s? [Yes, No, Skip] ", line);
 814                         free(line);
 815
 816                         if (r < 0 || response == 'n') {
 817                                 r = EXIT_CONFIRM;
 818                                 goto fail;
 819                         } else if (response == 's') {
 820                                 r = 0;
 821                                 goto fail;
 822                         }
 823
 824                         /* Release terminal for the question */
 825                         if ((r = restore_conform_stdio(context,
 826                                                        &saved_stdin, &saved_stdout,
 827                                                        &keep_stdin, &keep_stdout)))
 828                                 goto fail;
 829                 }
 830
 831                 if (!keep_stdin)
 832                         if (setup_input(context, socket_fd) < 0) {
 833                                 r = EXIT_STDIN;
 834                                 goto fail;
 835                         }
 836
 837                 if (!keep_stdout)
 838                         if (setup_output(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path)) < 0) {
 839                                 r = EXIT_STDOUT;
 840                                 goto fail;
 841                         }
 842
 843                 if (setup_error(context, socket_fd, file_name_from_path(command->path)) < 0) {
 844                         r = EXIT_STDERR;
 845                         goto fail;
 846                 }
 847
 848                 if (cgroup_bondings)
 849                         if ((r = cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, 0)) < 0) {
 850                                 r = EXIT_CGROUP;
 851                                 goto fail;
 852                         }
 853
 854                 if (context->oom_adjust_set) {
 855                         char t[16];
 856
 857                         snprintf(t, sizeof(t), "%i", context->oom_adjust);
 858                         char_array_0(t);
 859
 860                         if (write_one_line_file("/proc/self/oom_adj", t) < 0) {
 861                                 r = EXIT_OOM_ADJUST;
 862                                 goto fail;
 863                         }
 864                 }
 865
 866                 if (context->nice_set)
 867                         if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, context->nice) < 0) {
 868                                 r = EXIT_NICE;
 869                                 goto fail;
 870                         }
 871
 872                 if (context->cpu_sched_set) {
 873                         struct sched_param param;
 874
 875                         zero(param);
 876                         param.sched_priority = context->cpu_sched_priority;
 877
 878                         if (sched_setscheduler(0, context->cpu_sched_policy |
 879                                                (context->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork ? SCHED_RESET_ON_FORK : 0), &param) < 0) {
 880                                 r = EXIT_SETSCHEDULER;
 881                                 goto fail;
 882                         }
 883                 }
 884
 885                 if (context->cpu_affinity_set)
 886                         if (sched_setaffinity(0, sizeof(context->cpu_affinity), &context->cpu_affinity) < 0) {
 887                                 r = EXIT_CPUAFFINITY;
 888                                 goto fail;
 889                         }
 890
 891                 if (context->ioprio_set)
 892                         if (ioprio_set(IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, 0, context->ioprio) < 0) {
 893                                 r = EXIT_IOPRIO;
 894                                 goto fail;
 895                         }
 896
 897                 if (context->timer_slack_ns_set)
 898                         if (prctl(PR_SET_TIMERSLACK, context->timer_slack_ns_set) < 0) {
 899                                 r = EXIT_TIMERSLACK;
 900                                 goto fail;
 901                         }
 902
 903                 if (context->user) {
 904                         username = context->user;
 905                         if (get_user_creds(&username, &uid, &gid, &home) < 0) {
 906                                 r = EXIT_USER;
 907                                 goto fail;
 908                         }
 909
 910                         if (is_terminal_input(context->std_input))
 911                                 if (chown_terminal(STDIN_FILENO, uid) < 0) {
 912                                         r = EXIT_STDIN;
 913                                         goto fail;
 914                                 }
 915                 }
 916
 917                 if (apply_permissions)
 918                         if (enforce_groups(context, username, uid) < 0) {
 919                                 r = EXIT_GROUP;
 920                                 goto fail;
 921                         }
 922
 923                 if (apply_chroot) {
 924                         if (context->root_directory)
 925                                 if (chroot(context->root_directory) < 0) {
 926                                         r = EXIT_CHROOT;
 927                                         goto fail;
 928                                 }
 929
 930                         if (chdir(context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "/") < 0) {
 931                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
 932                                 goto fail;
 933                         }
 934                 } else {
 935
 936                         char *d;
 937
 938                         if (asprintf(&d, "%s/%s",
 939                                      context->root_directory ? context->root_directory : "",
 940                                      context->working_directory ? context->working_directory : "") < 0) {
 941                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 942                                 goto fail;
 943                         }
 944
 945                         if (chdir(d) < 0) {
 946                                 free(d);
 947                                 r = EXIT_CHDIR;
 948                                 goto fail;
 949                         }
 950
 951                         free(d);
 952                 }
 953
 954                 if (close_all_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
 955                     shift_fds(fds, n_fds) < 0 ||
 956                     flags_fds(fds, n_fds, context->non_blocking) < 0) {
 957                         r = EXIT_FDS;
 958                         goto fail;
 959                 }
 960
 961                 if (apply_permissions) {
 962
 963                         for (i = 0; i < RLIMIT_NLIMITS; i++) {
 964                                 if (!context->rlimit[i])
 965                                         continue;
 966
 967                                 if (setrlimit(i, context->rlimit[i]) < 0) {
 968                                         r = EXIT_LIMITS;
 969                                         goto fail;
 970                                 }
 971                         }
 972
 973                         if (context->user)
 974                                 if (enforce_user(context, uid) < 0) {
 975                                         r = EXIT_USER;
 976                                         goto fail;
 977                                 }
 978
 979                         /* PR_GET_SECUREBITS is not priviliged, while
 980                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS is. So to suppress
 981                          * potential EPERMs we'll try not to call
 982                          * PR_SET_SECUREBITS unless necessary. */
 983                         if (prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) != context->secure_bits)
 984                                 if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, context->secure_bits) < 0) {
 985                                         r = EXIT_SECUREBITS;
 986                                         goto fail;
 987                                 }
 988
 989                         if (context->capabilities)
 990                                 if (cap_set_proc(context->capabilities) < 0) {
 991                                         r = EXIT_CAPABILITIES;
 992                                         goto fail;
 993                                 }
 994                 }
 995
 996                 if (!(our_env = new0(char*, 6))) {
 997                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
 998                         goto fail;
 999                 }
1000
1001                 if (n_fds > 0)
1002                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_PID=%llu", (unsigned long long) getpid()) < 0 ||
1003                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fds) < 0) {
1004                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1005                                 goto fail;
1006                         }
1007
1008                 if (home)
1009                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "HOME=%s", home) < 0) {
1010                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1011                                 goto fail;
1012                         }
1013
1014                 if (username)
1015                         if (asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "LOGNAME=%s", username) < 0 ||
1016                             asprintf(our_env + n_env++, "USER=%s", username) < 0) {
1017                                 r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1018                                 goto fail;
1019                         }
1020
1021                 if (!(final_env = strv_env_merge(environ, our_env, context->environment, NULL))) {
1022                         r = EXIT_MEMORY;
1023                         goto fail;
1024                 }
1025
1026                 execve(command->path, argv, final_env);
1027                 r = EXIT_EXEC;
1028
1029         fail:
1030                 strv_free(our_env);
1031                 strv_free(final_env);
1032
1033                 if (saved_stdin >= 0)
1034                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdin);
1035
1036                 if (saved_stdout >= 0)
1037                         close_nointr_nofail(saved_stdout);
1038
1039                 _exit(r);
1040         }
1041
1042         /* We add the new process to the cgroup both in the child (so
1043          * that we can be sure that no user code is ever executed
1044          * outside of the cgroup) and in the parent (so that we can be
1045          * sure that when we kill the cgroup the process will be
1046          * killed too). */
1047         if (cgroup_bondings)
1048                 if ((r = cgroup_bonding_install_list(cgroup_bondings, pid)) < 0) {
1049                         r = EXIT_CGROUP;
1050                         goto fail;
1051                 }
1052
1053         log_debug("Forked %s as %llu", command->path, (unsigned long long) pid);
1054
1055         command->exec_status.pid = pid;
1056         command->exec_status.start_timestamp = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1057
1058         *ret = pid;
1059         return 0;
1060 }
1061
1062 void exec_context_init(ExecContext *c) {
1063         assert(c);
1064
1065         c->umask = 0002;
1066         c->ioprio = IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_BE, 0);
1067         c->cpu_sched_policy = SCHED_OTHER;
1068         c->syslog_priority = LOG_DAEMON|LOG_INFO;
1069 }
1070
1071 void exec_context_done(ExecContext *c) {
1072         unsigned l;
1073
1074         assert(c);
1075
1076         strv_free(c->environment);
1077         c->environment = NULL;
1078
1079         for (l = 0; l < ELEMENTSOF(c->rlimit); l++) {
1080                 free(c->rlimit[l]);
1081                 c->rlimit[l] = NULL;
1082         }
1083
1084         free(c->working_directory);
1085         c->working_directory = NULL;
1086         free(c->root_directory);
1087         c->root_directory = NULL;
1088
1089         free(c->tty_path);
1090         c->tty_path = NULL;
1091
1092         free(c->syslog_identifier);
1093         c->syslog_identifier = NULL;
1094
1095         free(c->user);
1096         c->user = NULL;
1097
1098         free(c->group);
1099         c->group = NULL;
1100
1101         strv_free(c->supplementary_groups);
1102         c->supplementary_groups = NULL;
1103
1104         if (c->capabilities) {
1105                 cap_free(c->capabilities);
1106                 c->capabilities = NULL;
1107         }
1108 }
1109
1110 void exec_command_done(ExecCommand *c) {
1111         assert(c);
1112
1113         free(c->path);
1114         c->path = NULL;
1115
1116         strv_free(c->argv);
1117         c->argv = NULL;
1118 }
1119
1120 void exec_command_done_array(ExecCommand *c, unsigned n) {
1121         unsigned i;
1122
1123         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
1124                 exec_command_done(c+i);
1125 }
1126
1127 void exec_command_free_list(ExecCommand *c) {
1128         ExecCommand *i;
1129
1130         while ((i = c)) {
1131                 LIST_REMOVE(ExecCommand, command, c, i);
1132                 exec_command_done(i);
1133                 free(i);
1134         }
1135 }
1136
1137 void exec_command_free_array(ExecCommand **c, unsigned n) {
1138         unsigned i;
1139
1140         for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
1141                 exec_command_free_list(c[i]);
1142                 c[i] = NULL;
1143         }
1144 }
1145
1146 void exec_context_dump(ExecContext *c, FILE* f, const char *prefix) {
1147         char ** e;
1148         unsigned i;
1149
1150         assert(c);
1151         assert(f);
1152
1153         if (!prefix)
1154                 prefix = "";
1155
1156         fprintf(f,
1157                 "%sUMask: %04o\n"
1158                 "%sWorkingDirectory: %s\n"
1159                 "%sRootDirectory: %s\n"
1160                 "%sNonBlocking: %s\n",
1161                 prefix, c->umask,
1162                 prefix, c->working_directory ? c->working_directory : "/",
1163                 prefix, c->root_directory ? c->root_directory : "/",
1164                 prefix, yes_no(c->non_blocking));
1165
1166         if (c->environment)
1167                 for (e = c->environment; *e; e++)
1168                         fprintf(f, "%sEnvironment: %s\n", prefix, *e);
1169
1170         if (c->nice_set)
1171                 fprintf(f,
1172                         "%sNice: %i\n",
1173                         prefix, c->nice);
1174
1175         if (c->oom_adjust_set)
1176                 fprintf(f,
1177                         "%sOOMAdjust: %i\n",
1178                         prefix, c->oom_adjust);
1179
1180         for (i = 0; i < RLIM_NLIMITS; i++)
1181                 if (c->rlimit[i])
1182                         fprintf(f, "%s%s: %llu\n", prefix, rlimit_to_string(i), (unsigned long long) c->rlimit[i]->rlim_max);
1183
1184         if (c->ioprio_set)
1185                 fprintf(f,
1186                         "%sIOSchedulingClass: %s\n"
1187                         "%sIOPriority: %i\n",
1188                         prefix, ioprio_class_to_string(IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(c->ioprio)),
1189                         prefix, (int) IOPRIO_PRIO_DATA(c->ioprio));
1190
1191         if (c->cpu_sched_set)
1192                 fprintf(f,
1193                         "%sCPUSchedulingPolicy: %s\n"
1194                         "%sCPUSchedulingPriority: %i\n"
1195                         "%sCPUSchedulingResetOnFork: %s\n",
1196                         prefix, sched_policy_to_string(c->cpu_sched_policy),
1197                         prefix, c->cpu_sched_priority,
1198                         prefix, yes_no(c->cpu_sched_reset_on_fork));
1199
1200         if (c->cpu_affinity_set) {
1201                 fprintf(f, "%sCPUAffinity:", prefix);
1202                 for (i = 0; i < CPU_SETSIZE; i++)
1203                         if (CPU_ISSET(i, &c->cpu_affinity))
1204                                 fprintf(f, " %i", i);
1205                 fputs("\n", f);
1206         }
1207
1208         if (c->timer_slack_ns_set)
1209                 fprintf(f, "%sTimerSlackNS: %lu\n", prefix, c->timer_slack_ns);
1210
1211         fprintf(f,
1212                 "%sStandardInput: %s\n"
1213                 "%sStandardOutput: %s\n"
1214                 "%sStandardError: %s\n",
1215                 prefix, exec_input_to_string(c->std_input),
1216                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_output),
1217                 prefix, exec_output_to_string(c->std_error));
1218
1219         if (c->tty_path)
1220                 fprintf(f,
1221                         "%sTTYPath: %s\n",
1222                         prefix, c->tty_path);
1223
1224         if (c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_output == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL ||
1225             c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG || c->std_error == EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL)
1226                 fprintf(f,
1227                         "%sSyslogFacility: %s\n"
1228                         "%sSyslogLevel: %s\n",
1229                         prefix, log_facility_to_string(LOG_FAC(c->syslog_priority)),
1230                         prefix, log_level_to_string(LOG_PRI(c->syslog_priority)));
1231
1232         if (c->capabilities) {
1233                 char *t;
1234                 if ((t = cap_to_text(c->capabilities, NULL))) {
1235                         fprintf(f, "%sCapabilities: %s\n",
1236                                 prefix, t);
1237                         cap_free(t);
1238                 }
1239         }
1240
1241         if (c->secure_bits)
1242                 fprintf(f, "%sSecure Bits:%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
1243                         prefix,
1244                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS) ? " keep-caps" : "",
1245                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) ? " keep-caps-locked" : "",
1246                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP) ? " no-setuid-fixup" : "",
1247                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED) ? " no-setuid-fixup-locked" : "",
1248                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT) ? " noroot" : "",
1249                         (c->secure_bits & SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED) ? "noroot-locked" : "");
1250
1251         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop) {
1252                 fprintf(f, "%sCapabilityBoundingSetDrop:", prefix);
1253
1254                 for (i = 0; i <= CAP_LAST_CAP; i++)
1255                         if (c->capability_bounding_set_drop & (1 << i)) {
1256                                 char *t;
1257
1258                                 if ((t = cap_to_name(i))) {
1259                                         fprintf(f, " %s", t);
1260                                         free(t);
1261                                 }
1262                         }
1263
1264                 fputs("\n", f);
1265         }
1266
1267         if (c->user)
1268                 fprintf(f, "%sUser: %s", prefix, c->user);
1269         if (c->group)
1270                 fprintf(f, "%sGroup: %s", prefix, c->group);
1271
1272         if (c->supplementary_groups) {
1273                 char **g;
1274
1275                 fprintf(f, "%sSupplementaryGroups:", prefix);
1276
1277                 STRV_FOREACH(g, c->supplementary_groups)
1278                         fprintf(f, " %s", *g);
1279
1280                 fputs("\n", f);
1281         }
1282 }
1283
1284 void exec_status_fill(ExecStatus *s, pid_t pid, int code, int status) {
1285         assert(s);
1286
1287         s->pid = pid;
1288         s->exit_timestamp = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1289
1290         s->code = code;
1291         s->status = status;
1292 }
1293
1294 void exec_status_dump(ExecStatus *s, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1295         char buf[FORMAT_TIMESTAMP_MAX];
1296
1297         assert(s);
1298         assert(f);
1299
1300         if (!prefix)
1301                 prefix = "";
1302
1303         if (s->pid <= 0)
1304                 return;
1305
1306         fprintf(f,
1307                 "%sPID: %llu\n",
1308                 prefix, (unsigned long long) s->pid);
1309
1310         if (s->start_timestamp > 0)
1311                 fprintf(f,
1312                         "%sStart Timestamp: %s\n",
1313                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->start_timestamp));
1314
1315         if (s->exit_timestamp > 0)
1316                 fprintf(f,
1317                         "%sExit Timestamp: %s\n"
1318                         "%sExit Code: %s\n"
1319                         "%sExit Status: %i\n",
1320                         prefix, format_timestamp(buf, sizeof(buf), s->exit_timestamp),
1321                         prefix, sigchld_code_to_string(s->code),
1322                         prefix, s->status);
1323 }
1324
1325 char *exec_command_line(char **argv) {
1326         size_t k;
1327         char *n, *p, **a;
1328         bool first = true;
1329
1330         assert(argv);
1331
1332         k = 1;
1333         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv)
1334                 k += strlen(*a)+3;
1335
1336         if (!(n = new(char, k)))
1337                 return NULL;
1338
1339         p = n;
1340         STRV_FOREACH(a, argv) {
1341
1342                 if (!first)
1343                         *(p++) = ' ';
1344                 else
1345                         first = false;
1346
1347                 if (strpbrk(*a, WHITESPACE)) {
1348                         *(p++) = '\'';
1349                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1350                         *(p++) = '\'';
1351                 } else
1352                         p = stpcpy(p, *a);
1353
1354         }
1355
1356         *p = 0;
1357
1358         /* FIXME: this doesn't really handle arguments that have
1359          * spaces and ticks in them */
1360
1361         return n;
1362 }
1363
1364 void exec_command_dump(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1365         char *p2;
1366         const char *prefix2;
1367
1368         char *cmd;
1369
1370         assert(c);
1371         assert(f);
1372
1373         if (!prefix)
1374                 prefix = "";
1375         p2 = strappend(prefix, "\t");
1376         prefix2 = p2 ? p2 : prefix;
1377
1378         cmd = exec_command_line(c->argv);
1379
1380         fprintf(f,
1381                 "%sCommand Line: %s\n",
1382                 prefix, cmd ? cmd : strerror(ENOMEM));
1383
1384         free(cmd);
1385
1386         exec_status_dump(&c->exec_status, f, prefix2);
1387
1388         free(p2);
1389 }
1390
1391 void exec_command_dump_list(ExecCommand *c, FILE *f, const char *prefix) {
1392         assert(f);
1393
1394         if (!prefix)
1395                 prefix = "";
1396
1397         LIST_FOREACH(command, c, c)
1398                 exec_command_dump(c, f, prefix);
1399 }
1400
1401 void exec_command_append_list(ExecCommand **l, ExecCommand *e) {
1402         ExecCommand *end;
1403
1404         assert(l);
1405         assert(e);
1406
1407         if (*l) {
1408                 /* It's kinda important that we keep the order here */
1409                 LIST_FIND_TAIL(ExecCommand, command, *l, end);
1410                 LIST_INSERT_AFTER(ExecCommand, command, *l, end, e);
1411         } else
1412               *l = e;
1413 }
1414
1415 int exec_command_set(ExecCommand *c, const char *path, ...) {
1416         va_list ap;
1417         char **l, *p;
1418
1419         assert(c);
1420         assert(path);
1421
1422         va_start(ap, path);
1423         l = strv_new_ap(path, ap);
1424         va_end(ap);
1425
1426         if (!l)
1427                 return -ENOMEM;
1428
1429         if (!(p = strdup(path))) {
1430                 strv_free(l);
1431                 return -ENOMEM;
1432         }
1433
1434         free(c->path);
1435         c->path = p;
1436
1437         strv_free(c->argv);
1438         c->argv = l;
1439
1440         return 0;
1441 }
1442
1443 const char* exit_status_to_string(ExitStatus status) {
1444
1445         /* We cast to int here, so that -Wenum doesn't complain that
1446          * EXIT_SUCCESS/EXIT_FAILURE aren't in the enum */
1447
1448         switch ((int) status) {
1449
1450         case EXIT_SUCCESS:
1451                 return "SUCCESS";
1452
1453         case EXIT_FAILURE:
1454                 return "FAILURE";
1455
1456         case EXIT_INVALIDARGUMENT:
1457                 return "INVALIDARGUMENT";
1458
1459         case EXIT_NOTIMPLEMENTED:
1460                 return "NOTIMPLEMENTED";
1461
1462         case EXIT_NOPERMISSION:
1463                 return "NOPERMISSION";
1464
1465         case EXIT_NOTINSTALLED:
1466                 return "NOTINSSTALLED";
1467
1468         case EXIT_NOTCONFIGURED:
1469                 return "NOTCONFIGURED";
1470
1471         case EXIT_NOTRUNNING:
1472                 return "NOTRUNNING";
1473
1474         case EXIT_CHDIR:
1475                 return "CHDIR";
1476
1477         case EXIT_NICE:
1478                 return "NICE";
1479
1480         case EXIT_FDS:
1481                 return "FDS";
1482
1483         case EXIT_EXEC:
1484                 return "EXEC";
1485
1486         case EXIT_MEMORY:
1487                 return "MEMORY";
1488
1489         case EXIT_LIMITS:
1490                 return "LIMITS";
1491
1492         case EXIT_OOM_ADJUST:
1493                 return "OOM_ADJUST";
1494
1495         case EXIT_SIGNAL_MASK:
1496                 return "SIGNAL_MASK";
1497
1498         case EXIT_STDIN:
1499                 return "STDIN";
1500
1501         case EXIT_STDOUT:
1502                 return "STDOUT";
1503
1504         case EXIT_CHROOT:
1505                 return "CHROOT";
1506
1507         case EXIT_IOPRIO:
1508                 return "IOPRIO";
1509
1510         case EXIT_TIMERSLACK:
1511                 return "TIMERSLACK";
1512
1513         case EXIT_SECUREBITS:
1514                 return "SECUREBITS";
1515
1516         case EXIT_SETSCHEDULER:
1517                 return "SETSCHEDULER";
1518
1519         case EXIT_CPUAFFINITY:
1520                 return "CPUAFFINITY";
1521
1522         case EXIT_GROUP:
1523                 return "GROUP";
1524
1525         case EXIT_USER:
1526                 return "USER";
1527
1528         case EXIT_CAPABILITIES:
1529                 return "CAPABILITIES";
1530
1531         case EXIT_CGROUP:
1532                 return "CGROUP";
1533
1534         case EXIT_SETSID:
1535                 return "SETSID";
1536
1537         case EXIT_CONFIRM:
1538                 return "CONFIRM";
1539
1540         case EXIT_STDERR:
1541                 return "STDERR";
1542
1543         default:
1544                 return NULL;
1545         }
1546 }
1547
1548 static const char* const exec_input_table[_EXEC_INPUT_MAX] = {
1549         [EXEC_INPUT_NULL] = "null",
1550         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1551         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FORCE] = "tty-force",
1552         [EXEC_INPUT_TTY_FAIL] = "tty-fail",
1553         [EXEC_INPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1554 };
1555
1556 static const char* const exec_output_table[_EXEC_OUTPUT_MAX] = {
1557         [EXEC_OUTPUT_INHERIT] = "inherit",
1558         [EXEC_OUTPUT_NULL] = "null",
1559         [EXEC_OUTPUT_TTY] = "tty",
1560         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SYSLOG] = "syslog",
1561         [EXEC_OUTPUT_KERNEL] = "kernel",
1562         [EXEC_OUTPUT_SOCKET] = "socket"
1563 };
1564
1565 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_output, ExecOutput);
1566
1567 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(exec_input, ExecInput);