1 systemd System and Service Manager
5 * A new component "systemd-networkd" has been added that can
6 be used to configure local network interfaces statically or
7 via DHCP. It is capable of bringing up bridges, VLANs, and
8 bonding. Currently, no hook-ups for interactive network
9 configuration are provided. Use this for your initrd,
10 container, embedded, or server setup if you need a simple,
11 yet powerful, network configuration solution. This
12 configuration subsystem is quite nifty, as it allows wildcard
13 hotplug matching in interfaces. For example, with a single
14 configuration snippet, you can configure that all Ethernet
15 interfaces showing up are automatically added to a bridge,
16 or similar. It supports link-sensing and more.
18 * A new tool "systemd-socket-proxyd" has been added which can
19 act as a bidirectional proxy for TCP sockets. This is
20 useful for adding socket activation support to services that
21 do not actually support socket activation, including virtual
22 machines and the like.
24 * Add a new tool to save/restore rfkill state on
27 * Save/restore state of keyboard backlights in addition to
28 display backlights on shutdown/boot.
30 * udev learned a new SECLABEL{} construct to label device
31 nodes with a specific security label when they appear. For
32 now, only SECLABEL{selinux} is supported, but the syntax is
33 prepared for additional security frameworks.
35 * udev gained a new scheme to configure link-level attributes
36 from files in /etc/systemd/network/*.link. These files can
37 match against MAC address, device path, driver name and type,
38 and will apply attributes like the naming policy, link speed,
39 MTU, duplex settings, Wake-on-LAN settings, MAC address, MAC
40 address assignment policy (randomized, ...).
42 * When the User= switch is used in a unit file, also
43 initialize $SHELL= based on the user database entry.
45 * systemd no longer depends on libdbus. All communication is
46 now done with sd-bus, systemd's low-level bus library
49 * kdbus support has been added to PID 1 itself. When kdbus is
50 enabled, this causes PID 1 to set up the system bus and
51 enable support for a new ".busname" unit type that
52 encapsulates bus name activation on kdbus. It works a little
53 bit like ".socket" units, except for bus names. A new
54 generator has been added that converts classic dbus1 service
55 activation files automatically into native systemd .busname
58 * sd-bus: add a light-weight vtable implementation that allows
59 defining objects on the bus with a simple static const
60 vtable array of its methods, signals and properties.
62 * systemd will not generate or install static dbus
63 introspection data anymore to /usr/share/dbus-1/interfaces,
64 as the precise format of these files is unclear, and
65 nothing makes use of it.
67 * A proxy daemon is now provided to proxy clients connecting
68 via classic D-Bus AF_UNIX sockets to kdbus, to provide full
69 compatibility with classic D-Bus.
71 * A bus driver implementation has been added that supports the
72 classic D-Bus bus driver calls on kdbus, also for
73 compatibility purposes.
75 * A new API "sd-event.h" has been added that implements a
76 minimal event loop API built around epoll. It provides a
77 couple of features that direct epoll usage is lacking:
78 prioritization of events, scales to large numbers of timer
79 events, per-event timer slack (accuracy), system-wide
80 coalescing of timer events, exit handlers, watchdog
81 supervision support using systemd's sd_notify() API, child
84 * A new API "sd-rntl.h" has been added that provides an API
85 around the route netlink interface of the kernel, similar in
88 * A new API "sd-dhcp-client.h" has been added that provides a
89 small DHCPv4 client-side implementation. This is used by
92 * There is a new kernel command line option
93 "systemd.restore_state=0|1". When set to "0", none of the
94 systemd tools will restore saved runtime state to hardware
95 devices. More specifically, the rfkill and backlight states
98 * The FsckPassNo= compatibility option in mount/service units
99 has been removed. The fstab generator will now add the
100 necessary dependencies automatically, and does not require
101 PID1's support for that anymore.
103 * journalctl gained a new switch, --list-boots, that lists
104 recent boots with their times and boot IDs.
106 * The various tools like systemctl, loginctl, timedatectl,
107 busctl, systemd-run, ... have gained a new switch "-M" to
108 connect to a specific, local OS container (as direct
109 connection, without requiring SSH). This works on any
110 container that is registered with machined, such as those
111 created by libvirt-lxc or nspawn.
113 * systemd-run and systemd-analyze also gained support for "-H"
114 to connect to remote hosts via SSH. This is particularly
115 useful for systemd-run because it enables queuing of jobs
118 * machinectl gained a new command "login" to open a getty
119 login in any local container. This works with any container
120 that is registered with machined (such as those created by
121 libvirt-lxc or nspawn), and which runs systemd inside.
123 * machinectl gained a new "reboot" command that may be used to
124 trigger a reboot on a specific container that is registered
125 with machined. This works on any container that runs an init
128 * systemctl gained a new "list-timers" command to print a nice
129 listing of installed timer units with the times they elapse
132 * Alternative reboot() parameters may now be specified on the
133 "systemctl reboot" command line and are passed to the
134 reboot() system call.
136 * systemctl gained a new --job-mode= switch to configure the
137 mode to queue a job with. This is a more generic version of
138 --fail, --irreversible, and --ignore-dependencies, which are
139 still available but not advertised anymore.
141 * /etc/systemd/system.conf gained new settings to configure
142 various default timeouts of units, as well as the default
143 start limit interval and burst. These may still be overridden
146 * PID1 will now export on the bus profile data of the security
147 policy upload process (such as the SELinux policy upload to
150 * journald: when forwarding logs to the console, include
151 timestamps (following the setting in
152 /sys/module/printk/parameters/time).
154 * OnCalendar= in timer units now understands the special
155 strings "yearly" and "annually". (Both are equivalent)
157 * The accuracy of timer units is now configurable with the new
158 AccuracySec= setting. It defaults to 1min.
160 * A new dependency type JoinsNamespaceOf= has been added that
161 allows running two services within the same /tmp and network
162 namespace, if PrivateNetwork= or PrivateTmp= are used.
164 * A new command "cat" has been added to systemctl. It outputs
165 the original unit file of a unit, and concatenates the
166 contents of additional "drop-in" unit file snippets, so that
167 the full configuration is shown.
169 * systemctl now supports globbing on the various "list-xyz"
170 commands, like "list-units" or "list-sockets", as well as on
171 those commands which take multiple unit names.
173 * journalctl's --unit= switch gained support for globbing.
175 * All systemd daemons now make use of the watchdog logic so
176 that systemd automatically notices when they hang.
178 * If the $container_ttys environment variable is set,
179 getty-generator will automatically spawn a getty for each
180 listed tty. This is useful for container managers to request
181 login gettys to be spawned on as many ttys as needed.
183 * %h, %s, %U specifier support is not available anymore when
184 used in unit files for PID 1. This is because NSS calls are
185 not safe from PID 1. They stay available for --user
186 instances of systemd, and as special case for the root user.
188 * loginctl gained a new "--no-legend" switch to turn off output
191 * The "sd-login.h" API gained three new calls:
192 sd_session_is_remote(), sd_session_get_remote_user(),
193 sd_session_get_remote_host() to query information about
196 * The udev hardware database now also carries vendor/product
197 information of SDIO devices.
199 * The "sd-daemon.h" API gained a new sd_watchdog_enabled() to
200 determine whether watchdog notifications are requested by
203 * Socket-activated per-connection services now include a
204 short description of the connection parameters in the
207 * tmpfiles gained a new "--boot" option. When this is not used,
208 only lines where the command character is not suffixed with
209 "!" are executed. When this option is specified, those
210 options are executed too. This partitions tmpfiles
211 directives into those that can be safely executed at any
212 time, and those which should be run only at boot (for
213 example, a line that creates /run/nologin).
215 * A new API "sd-resolve.h" has been added which provides a simple
216 asynchronous wrapper around glibc NSS host name resolution
217 calls, such as getaddrinfo(). In contrast to glibc's
218 getaddrinfo_a(), it does not use signals. In contrast to most
219 other asynchronous name resolution libraries, this one does
220 not reimplement DNS, but reuses NSS, so that alternate
221 host name resolution systems continue to work, such as mDNS,
222 LDAP, etc. This API is based on libasyncns, but it has been
223 cleaned up for inclusion in systemd.
225 * The APIs "sd-journal.h", "sd-login.h", "sd-id128.h" are no
226 longer found in individual libraries libsystemd-journal.so,
227 libsystemd-login.so, libsystemd-id128.so. Instead, we have
228 merged them into a single library, libsystemd.so, which
229 provides all symbols. The reason for this is cyclic
230 dependencies, as these libraries tend to use each other's
231 symbols. So far, we've managed to workaround that by linking a
232 copy of a good part of our code into each of these libraries
233 again and again, which, however, makes certain things hard to
234 do, like sharing static variables. Also, it substantially
235 increases footprint. With this change, there is only one
236 library for the basic APIs systemd provides. Also,
237 "sd-bus.h", "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h",
238 "sd-resolve.h", "sd-utf8.h" are found in this library as
239 well, however are subject to the --enable-kdbus switch (see
240 below). Note that "sd-dhcp-client.h" and "sd-daemon.h" are not
241 part of this library (the former because it only consumes,
242 never provides, services of/to other APIs, and the latter
243 because it is completely standalone). To make the transition
244 easy from the separate libraries to the unified one, we
245 provide the --enable-compat-libs compile-time switch which
246 will generate stub libraries that are compatible with the
247 old ones but redirect all calls to the new one.
249 * All of the kdbus logic and the new APIs "sd-bus.h",
250 "sd-memfd.h", "sd-event.h", "sd-rtnl.h", "sd-resolve.h",
251 and "sd-utf8.h" are compile-time optional via the
252 "--enable-kdbus" switch, and they are not compiled in by
253 default. To make use of kdbus, you have to explicitly enable
254 the switch. Note however, that neither the kernel nor the
255 userspace API for all of this is considered stable yet. We
256 want to maintain the freedom to still change the APIs for
257 now. By specifying this build-time switch, you acknowledge
258 that you are aware of the instability of the current
261 * Also, note that while kdbus is pretty much complete,
262 it lacks one thing: proper policy support. This means you
263 can build a fully working system with all features; however,
264 it will be highly insecure. Policy support will be added in
265 one of the next releases, at the same time that we will
266 declare the APIs stable.
268 * When the kernel command-line argument "kdbus" is specified,
269 systemd will automatically load the kdbus.ko kernel module. At
270 this stage of development, it is only useful for testing kdbus
271 and should not be used in production. Note: if "--enable-kdbus"
272 is specified, and the kdbus.ko kernel module is available, and
273 "kdbus" is added to the kernel command line, the entire system
274 runs with kdbus instead of dbus-daemon, with the above mentioned
275 problem of missing the system policy enforcement. Also a future
276 version of kdbus.ko or a newer systemd will not be compatible with
277 each other, and will unlikely be able to boot the machine if only
278 one of them is updated.
280 * systemctl gained a new "import-environment" command which
281 uploads the caller's environment (or parts thereof) into the
282 service manager so that it is inherited by services started
283 by the manager. This is useful to upload variables like
284 $DISPLAY into the user service manager.
286 * A new PrivateDevices= switch has been added to service units
287 which allows running a service with a namespaced /dev
288 directory that does not contain any device nodes for
289 physical devices. More specifically, it only includes devices
290 such as /dev/null, /dev/urandom, and /dev/zero which are API
293 * logind has been extended to support behaviour like VT
294 switching on seats that do not support a VT. This makes
295 multi-session available on seats that are not the first seat
296 (seat0), and on systems where kernel support for VTs has
297 been disabled at compile-time.
299 * If a process holds a delay lock for system sleep or shutdown
300 and fails to release it in time, we will now log its
301 identity. This makes it easier to identify processes that
302 cause slow suspends or power-offs.
304 * When parsing /etc/crypttab, support for a new key-slot=
305 option as supported by Debian is added. It allows indicating
306 which LUKS slot to use on disk, speeding up key loading.
308 * The sd_journald_sendv() API call has been checked and
309 officially declared to be async-signal-safe so that it may
310 be invoked from signal handlers for logging purposes.
312 * Boot-time status output is now enabled automatically after a
313 short timeout if boot does not progress, in order to give
314 the user an indication what she or he is waiting for.
316 * The boot-time output has been improved to show how much time
317 remains until jobs expire.
319 * The KillMode= switch in service units gained a new possible
320 value "mixed". If set, and the unit is shut down, then the
321 initial SIGTERM signal is sent only to the main daemon
322 process, while the following SIGKILL signal is sent to
323 all remaining processes of the service.
325 * When a scope unit is registered, a new property "Controller"
326 may be set. If set to a valid bus name, systemd will send a
327 RequestStop() signal to this name when it would like to shut
328 down the scope. This may be used to hook manager logic into
329 the shutdown logic of scope units. Also, scope units may now
330 be put in a special "abandoned" state, in which case the
331 manager process which created them takes no further
332 responsibilities for it.
334 * When reading unit files, systemd will now verify
335 the access mode of these files, and warn about certain
336 suspicious combinations. This has been added to make it
337 easier to track down packaging bugs where unit files are
338 marked executable or world-writable.
340 * systemd-nspawn gained a new "--setenv=" switch to set
341 container-wide environment variables. The similar option in
342 systemd-activate was renamed from "--environment=" to
343 "--setenv=" for consistency.
345 * systemd-nspawn has been updated to create a new kdbus domain
346 for each container that is invoked, thus allowing each
347 container to have its own set of system and user buses,
348 independent of the host.
350 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --drop-capability= switch to run
351 the container with less capabilities than the default. Both
352 --drop-capability= and --capability= now take the special
353 string "all" for dropping or keeping all capabilities.
355 * systemd-nspawn gained new switches for executing containers
356 with specific SELinux labels set.
358 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --quiet switch to not generate
359 any additional output but the container's own console
362 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --share-system switch to run a
363 container without PID namespacing enabled.
365 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --register= switch to control
366 whether the container is registered with systemd-machined or
367 not. This is useful for containers that do not run full
368 OS images, but only specific apps.
370 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --keep-unit which may be used
371 when invoked as the only program from a service unit, and
372 results in registration of the unit service itself in
373 systemd-machined, instead of a newly opened scope unit.
375 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --network-interface= switch for
376 moving arbitrary interfaces to the container. The new
377 --network-veth switch creates a virtual Ethernet connection
378 between host and container. The new --network-bridge=
379 switch then allows assigning the host side of this virtual
380 Ethernet connection to a bridge device.
382 * logind will now also track a "Desktop" identifier for each
383 session which encodes the desktop environment of it. This is
384 useful for desktop environments that want to identify
385 multiple running sessions of itself easily.
387 * A new SELinuxContext= setting for service units has been
388 added that allows setting a specific SELinux execution
389 context for a service.
391 * Most systemd client tools will now honour $SYSTEMD_LESS for
392 settings of the "less" pager. By default, these tools will
393 override $LESS to allow certain operations to work, such as
394 jump-to-the-end. With $SYSTEMD_LESS, it is possible to
395 influence this logic.
397 * systemd's "seccomp" hook-up has been changed to make use of
398 the libseccomp library instead of using its own
399 implementation. This has benefits for portability among
402 * For usage together with SystemCallFilter=, a new
403 SystemCallErrorNumber= setting has been introduced that
404 allows configuration of a system error number to return on
405 filtered system calls, instead of immediately killing the
406 process. Also, SystemCallArchitectures= has been added to
407 limit access to system calls of a particular architecture
408 (in order to turn off support for unused secondary
409 architectures). There is also a global
410 SystemCallArchitectures= setting in system.conf now to turn
411 off support for non-native system calls system-wide.
413 Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alex Jia, Anatol Pomozov,
414 Ansgar Burchardt, AppleBloom, Auke Kok, Bastien Nocera,
415 Chengwei Yang, Christian Seiler, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters,
416 Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniele Medri, Daniel J
417 Walsh, Daniel Mack, Dan McGee, Dave Reisner, David Coppa,
418 David Herrmann, David Strauss, Djalal Harouni, Dmitry Pisklov,
419 Elia Pinto, Florian Weimer, George McCollister, Goffredo
420 Baroncelli, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Hendrik Brueckner, Igor
421 Zhbanov, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason A. Donenfeld,
422 Jason St. John, Jasper St. Pierre, Jóhann B. Guðmundsson, Jose
423 Ignacio Naranjo, Karel Zak, Kay Sievers, Kristian Høgsberg,
424 Lennart Poettering, Lubomir Rintel, Lukas Nykryn, Lukasz
425 Skalski, Łukasz Stelmach, Luke Shumaker, Mantas Mikulėnas,
426 Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marcel Holtmann, Marcos Felipe Rasia de
427 Mello, Marko Myllynen, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael
428 Marineau, Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Michal Sekletar,
429 Michele Curti, Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Patrik Flykt,
430 Pavel Holica, Raudi, Richard Marko, Ronny Chevalier, Sébastien
431 Luttringer, Sergey Ptashnick, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters,
432 Stefan Beller, Susant Sahani, Sylvain Plantefeve, Sylvia Else,
433 Tero Roponen, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen,
434 Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar Lindskog, Unai Uribarri, Václav
435 Pavlín, Vincent Batts, WaLyong Cho, William Giokas, Yang
436 Zhiyong, Yin Kangkai, Yuxuan Shui, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
438 -- Berlin, 2014-02-xx
442 * logind has gained support for facilitating privileged input
443 and drm device access for unprivileged clients. This work is
444 useful to allow Wayland display servers (and similar
445 programs, such as kmscon) to run under the user's ID and
446 access input and drm devices which are normally
447 protected. When this is used (and the kernel is new enough)
448 logind will "mute" IO on the file descriptors passed to
449 Wayland as long as it is in the background and "unmute" it
450 if it returns into the foreground. This allows secure
451 session switching without allowing background sessions to
452 eavesdrop on input and display data. This also introduces
453 session switching support if VT support is turned off in the
454 kernel, and on seats that are not seat0.
456 * A new kernel command line option luks.options= is understood
457 now which allows specifiying LUKS options for usage for LUKS
458 encrypted partitions specified with luks.uuid=.
460 * tmpfiles.d(5) snippets may now use specifier expansion in
461 path names. More specifically %m, %b, %H, %v, are now
462 replaced by the local machine id, boot id, hostname, and
463 kernel version number.
465 * A new tmpfiles.d(5) command "m" has been introduced which
466 may be used to change the owner/group/access mode of a file
467 or directory if it exists, but do nothing if it doesn't.
469 * This release removes high-level support for the
470 MemorySoftLimit= cgroup setting. The underlying kernel
471 cgroup attribute memory.soft_limit= is currently badly
472 designed and likely to be removed from the kernel API in its
473 current form, hence we shouldn't expose it for now.
475 * The memory.use_hierarchy cgroup attribute is now enabled for
476 all cgroups systemd creates in the memory cgroup
477 hierarchy. This option is likely to be come the built-in
478 default in the kernel anyway, and the non-hierarchial mode
479 never made much sense in the intrinsically hierarchial
482 * A new field _SYSTEMD_SLICE= is logged along with all journal
483 messages containing the slice a message was generated
484 from. This is useful to allow easy per-customer filtering of
485 logs among other things.
487 * systemd-journald will no longer adjust the group of journal
488 files it creates to the "systemd-journal" group. Instead we
489 rely on the journal directory to be owned by the
490 "systemd-journal" group, and its setgid bit set, so that the
491 kernel file system layer will automatically enforce that
492 journal files inherit this group assignment. The reason for
493 this change is that we cannot allow NSS look-ups from
494 journald which would be necessary to resolve
495 "systemd-journal" to a numeric GID, because this might
496 create deadlocks if NSS involves synchronous queries to
497 other daemons (such as nscd, or sssd) which in turn are
498 logging clients of journald and might block on it, which
499 would then dead lock. A tmpfiles.d(5) snippet included in
500 systemd will make sure the setgid bit and group are
501 properly set on the journal directory if it exists on every
502 boot. However, we recommend adjusting it manually after
503 upgrades too (or from RPM scriptlets), so that the change is
504 not delayed until next reboot.
506 * Backlight and random seed files in /var/lib/ have moved into
507 the /var/lib/systemd/ directory, in order to centralize all
508 systemd generated files in one directory.
510 * Boot time performance measurements (as displayed by
511 "systemd-analyze" for example) will now read ACPI 5.0 FPDT
512 performance information if that's available to determine how
513 much time BIOS and boot loader initialization required. With
514 a sufficiently new BIOS you hence no longer need to boot
515 with Gummiboot to get access to such information.
517 Contributions from: Andrey Borzenkov, Chen Jie, Colin Walters,
518 Cristian Rodríguez, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David
519 Mackey, David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Evan Callicoat, Gao
520 feng, Harald Hoyer, Jimmie Tauriainen, Kay Sievers, Lennart
521 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt,
522 Michael Scherer, Michał Górny, Mike Gilbert, Patrick McCarty,
523 Sebastian Ott, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
525 -- Berlin, 2013-10-02
529 * The Restart= option for services now understands a new
530 on-watchdog setting, which will restart the service
531 automatically if the service stops sending out watchdog keep
532 alive messages (as configured with WatchdogSec=).
534 * The getty generator (which is responsible for bringing up a
535 getty on configured serial consoles) will no longer only
536 start a getty on the primary kernel console but on all
537 others, too. This makes the order in which console= is
538 specified on the kernel command line less important.
540 * libsystemd-logind gained a new sd_session_get_vt() call to
541 retrieve the VT number of a session.
543 * If the option "tries=0" is set for an entry of /etc/crypttab
544 its passphrase is queried indefinitely instead of any
545 maximum number of tries.
547 * If a service with a configure PID file terminates its PID
548 file will now be removed automatically if it still exists
549 afterwards. This should put an end to stale PID files.
551 * systemd-run will now also take relative binary path names
552 for execution and no longer insists on absolute paths.
554 * InaccessibleDirectories= and ReadOnlyDirectories= now take
555 paths that are optionally prefixed with "-" to indicate that
556 it should not be considered a failure if they don't exist.
558 * journalctl -o (and similar commands) now understands a new
559 output mode "short-precise", it is similar to "short" but
560 shows timestamps with usec accuracy.
562 * The option "discard" (as known from Debian) is now
563 synonymous to "allow-discards" in /etc/crypttab. In fact,
564 "discard" is preferred now (since it is easier to remember
567 * Some licensing clean-ups were made, so that more code is now
568 LGPL-2.1 licensed than before.
570 * A minimal tool to save/restore the display backlight
571 brightness across reboots has been added. It will store the
572 backlight setting as late as possible at shutdown, and
573 restore it as early as possible during reboot.
575 * A logic to automatically discover and enable home and swap
576 partitions on GPT disks has been added. With this in place
577 /etc/fstab becomes optional for many setups as systemd can
578 discover certain partitions located on the root disk
579 automatically. Home partitions are recognized under their
580 GPT type ID 933ac7e12eb44f13b8440e14e2aef915. Swap
581 partitions are recognized under their GPT type ID
582 0657fd6da4ab43c484e50933c84b4f4f.
584 * systemd will no longer pass any environment from the kernel
585 or initrd to system services. If you want to set an
586 environment for all services, do so via the kernel command
587 line systemd.setenv= assignment.
589 * The systemd-sysctl tool no longer natively reads the file
590 /etc/sysctl.conf. If desired, the file should be symlinked
591 from /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf. Apart from providing
592 legacy support by a symlink rather than built-in code, it
593 also makes the otherwise hidden order of application of the
594 different files visible. (Note that this partly reverts to a
595 pre-198 application order of sysctl knobs!)
597 * The "systemctl set-log-level" and "systemctl dump" commands
598 have been moved to systemd-analyze.
600 * systemd-run learned the new --remain-after-exit switch,
601 which causes the scope unit not to be cleaned up
602 automatically after the process terminated.
604 * tmpfiles learned a new --exclude-prefix= switch to exclude
605 certain paths from operation.
607 * journald will now automatically flush all messages to disk
608 as soon as a message of the log priorities CRIT, ALERT or
611 Contributions from: Andrew Cook, Brandon Philips, Christian
612 Hesse, Christoph Junghans, Colin Walters, Daniel Schaal,
613 Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, Gao feng, George
614 McCollister, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer,
615 Herczeg Zsolt, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt,
616 Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Khem Raj, Lennart Poettering,
617 Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel
618 Holtmann, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Marineau,
619 Michael Scherer, Michael Stapelberg, Michal Sekletar, Michał
620 Górny, Olivier Brunel, Ondrej Balaz, Ronny Chevalier, Shawn
621 Landden, Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Bächler, Thomas Hindoe
622 Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, WANG Chao,
623 William Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
625 -- Berlin, 2013-09-13
629 * The documentation has been updated to cover the various new
630 concepts introduced with 205.
632 * Unit files now understand the new %v specifier which
633 resolves to the kernel version string as returned by "uname
636 * systemctl now supports filtering the unit list output by
637 load state, active state and sub state, using the new
640 * "systemctl status" will now show the results of the
641 condition checks (like ConditionPathExists= and similar) of
642 the last start attempts of the unit. They are also logged to
645 * "journalctl -b" may now be used to look for boot output of a
646 specific boot. Try "journalctl -b -1" for the previous boot,
647 but the syntax is substantially more powerful.
649 * "journalctl --show-cursor" has been added which prints the
650 cursor string the last shown log line. This may then be used
651 with the new "journalctl --after-cursor=" switch to continue
652 browsing logs from that point on.
654 * "journalctl --force" may now be used to force regeneration
657 * Creation of "dead" device nodes has been moved from udev
658 into kmod and tmpfiles. Previously, udev would read the kmod
659 databases to pre-generate dead device nodes based on meta
660 information contained in kernel modules, so that these would
661 be auto-loaded on access rather then at boot. As this
662 doesn't really have much to do with the exposing actual
663 kernel devices to userspace this has always been slightly
664 alien in the udev codebase. Following the new scheme kmod
665 will now generate a runtime snippet for tmpfiles from the
666 module meta information and it now is tmpfiles' job to the
667 create the nodes. This also allows overriding access and
668 other parameters for the nodes using the usual tmpfiles
669 facilities. As side effect this allows us to remove the
670 CAP_SYS_MKNOD capability bit from udevd entirely.
672 * logind's device ACLs may now be applied to these "dead"
673 devices nodes too, thus finally allowing managed access to
674 devices such as /dev/snd/sequencer whithout loading the
675 backing module right-away.
677 * A new RPM macro has been added that may be used to apply
678 tmpfiles configuration during package installation.
680 * systemd-detect-virt and ConditionVirtualization= now can
681 detect User-Mode-Linux machines (UML).
683 * journald will now implicitly log the effective capabilities
684 set of processes in the message metadata.
686 * systemd-cryptsetup has gained support for TrueCrypt volumes.
688 * The initrd interface has been simplified (more specifically,
689 support for passing performance data via environment
690 variables and fsck results via files in /run has been
691 removed). These features were non-essential, and are
692 nowadays available in a much nicer way by having systemd in
693 the initrd serialize its state and have the hosts systemd
694 deserialize it again.
696 * The udev "keymap" data files and tools to apply keyboard
697 specific mappings of scan to key codes, and force-release
698 scan code lists have been entirely replaced by a udev
699 "keyboard" builtin and a hwdb data file.
701 * systemd will now honour the kernel's "quiet" command line
702 argument also during late shutdown, resulting in a
703 completely silent shutdown when used.
705 * There's now an option to control the SO_REUSEPORT socket
706 option in .socket units.
708 * Instance units will now automatically get a per-template
709 subslice of system.slice unless something else is explicitly
710 configured. For example, instances of sshd@.service will now
711 implicitly be placed in system-sshd.slice rather than
712 system.slice as before.
714 * Test coverage support may now be enabled at build time.
716 Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Harald
717 Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Jan Engelhardt, Jan
718 Janssen, Jason St. John, Jesper Larsen, Kay Sievers, Lennart
719 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Maciej Wereski, Martin Pitt, Michael
720 Olbrich, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Ross Lagerwall, Shawn Landden,
721 Thomas H.P. Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tomasz Torcz, William
722 Giokas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
724 -- Berlin, 2013-07-23
728 * Two new unit types have been introduced:
730 Scope units are very similar to service units, however, are
731 created out of pre-existing processes -- instead of PID 1
732 forking off the processes. By using scope units it is
733 possible for system services and applications to group their
734 own child processes (worker processes) in a powerful way
735 which then maybe used to organize them, or kill them
736 together, or apply resource limits on them.
738 Slice units may be used to partition system resources in an
739 hierarchial fashion and then assign other units to them. By
740 default there are now three slices: system.slice (for all
741 system services), user.slice (for all user sessions),
742 machine.slice (for VMs and containers).
744 Slices and scopes have been introduced primarily in
745 context of the work to move cgroup handling to a
746 single-writer scheme, where only PID 1
747 creates/removes/manages cgroups.
749 * There's a new concept of "transient" units. In contrast to
750 normal units these units are created via an API at runtime,
751 not from configuration from disk. More specifically this
752 means it is now possible to run arbitrary programs as
753 independent services, with all execution parameters passed
754 in via bus APIs rather than read from disk. Transient units
755 make systemd substantially more dynamic then it ever was,
756 and useful as a general batch manager.
758 * logind has been updated to make use of scope and slice units
759 for managing user sessions. As a user logs in he will get
760 his own private slice unit, to which all sessions are added
761 as scope units. We also added support for automatically
762 adding an instance of user@.service for the user into the
763 slice. Effectively logind will no longer create cgroup
764 hierarchies on its own now, it will defer entirely to PID 1
765 for this by means of scope, service and slice units. Since
766 user sessions this way become entities managed by PID 1
767 the output of "systemctl" is now a lot more comprehensive.
769 * A new mini-daemon "systemd-machined" has been added which
770 may be used by virtualization managers to register local
771 VMs/containers. nspawn has been updated accordingly, and
772 libvirt will be updated shortly. machined will collect a bit
773 of meta information about the VMs/containers, and assign
774 them their own scope unit (see above). The collected
775 meta-data is then made available via the "machinectl" tool,
776 and exposed in "ps" and similar tools. machined/machinectl
777 is compile-time optional.
779 * As discussed earlier, the low-level cgroup configuration
780 options ControlGroup=, ControlGroupModify=,
781 ControlGroupPersistent=, ControlGroupAttribute= have been
782 removed. Please use high-level attribute settings instead as
785 * A new bus call SetUnitProperties() has been added to alter
786 various runtime parameters of a unit. This is primarily
787 useful to alter cgroup parameters dynamically in a nice way,
788 but will be extended later on to make more properties
789 modifiable at runtime. systemctl gained a new set-properties
790 command that wraps this call.
792 * A new tool "systemd-run" has been added which can be used to
793 run arbitrary command lines as transient services or scopes,
794 while configuring a number of settings via the command
795 line. This tool is currently very basic, however already
796 very useful. We plan to extend this tool to even allow
797 queuing of execution jobs with time triggers from the
798 command line, similar in fashion to "at".
800 * nspawn will now inform the user explicitly that kernels with
801 audit enabled break containers, and suggest the user to turn
804 * Support for detecting the IMA and AppArmor security
805 frameworks with ConditionSecurity= has been added.
807 * journalctl gained a new "-k" switch for showing only kernel
808 messages, mimicking dmesg output; in addition to "--user"
809 and "--system" switches for showing only user's own logs
812 * systemd-delta can now show information about drop-in
813 snippets extending unit files.
815 * libsystemd-bus has been substantially updated but is still
816 not available as public API.
818 * systemd will now look for the "debug" argument on the kernel
819 command line and enable debug logging, similar to
820 "systemd.log_level=debug" already did before.
822 * "systemctl set-default", "systemctl get-default" has been
823 added to configure the default.target symlink, which
824 controls what to boot into by default.
826 * "systemctl set-log-level" has been added as a convenient
827 way to raise and lower systemd logging threshold.
829 * "systemd-analyze plot" will now show the time the various
830 generators needed for execution, as well as information
831 about the unit file loading.
833 * libsystemd-journal gained a new sd_journal_open_files() call
834 for opening specific journal files. journactl also gained a
835 new switch to expose this new functionality. Previously we
836 only supported opening all files from a directory, or all
837 files from the system, as opening individual files only is
838 racy due to journal file rotation.
840 * systemd gained the new DefaultEnvironment= setting in
841 /etc/systemd/system.conf to set environment variables for
844 * If a privileged process logs a journal message with the
845 OBJECT_PID= field set, then journald will automatically
846 augment this with additional OBJECT_UID=, OBJECT_GID=,
847 OBJECT_COMM=, OBJECT_EXE=, ... fields. This is useful if
848 system services want to log events about specific client
849 processes. journactl/systemctl has been updated to make use
850 of this information if all log messages regarding a specific
853 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Chengwei Yang, Colin Walters,
854 Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Albers, Daniel Wallace, Dave
855 Reisner, David Coppa, David King, David Strauss, Eelco
856 Dolstra, Gabriel de Perthuis, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander
857 Steffens, Jan Engelhardt, Jan Janssen, Jason St. John, Johan
858 Heikkilä, Karel Zak, Karol Lewandowski, Kay Sievers, Lennart
859 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marius Vollmer,
860 Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michael Tremer,
861 Michal Schmidt, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Nirbheek Chauhan,
862 Pierre Neidhardt, Ross Burton, Ross Lagerwall, Sean McGovern,
863 Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar,
864 Václav Pavlín, Zachary Cook, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek,
869 * The Python bindings gained some minimal support for the APIs
870 exposed by libsystemd-logind.
872 * ConditionSecurity= gained support for detecting SMACK. Since
873 this condition already supports SELinux and AppArmor we only
874 miss IMA for this. Patches welcome!
876 Contributions from: Karol Lewandowski, Lennart Poettering,
877 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
881 * systemd-nspawn will now create /etc/resolv.conf if
882 necessary, before bind-mounting the host's file onto it.
884 * systemd-nspawn will now store meta information about a
885 container on the container's cgroup as extended attribute
886 fields, including the root directory.
888 * The cgroup hierarchy has been reworked in many ways. All
889 objects any of the components systemd creates in the cgroup
890 tree are now suffixed. More specifically, user sessions are
891 now placed in cgroups suffixed with ".session", users in
892 cgroups suffixed with ".user", and nspawn containers in
893 cgroups suffixed with ".nspawn". Furthermore, all cgroup
894 names are now escaped in a simple scheme to avoid collision
895 of userspace object names with kernel filenames. This work
896 is preparation for making these objects relocatable in the
897 cgroup tree, in order to allow easy resource partitioning of
898 these objects without causing naming conflicts.
900 * systemctl list-dependencies gained the new switches
901 --plain, --reverse, --after and --before.
903 * systemd-inhibit now shows the process name of processes that
904 have taken an inhibitor lock.
906 * nss-myhostname will now also resolve "localhost"
907 implicitly. This makes /etc/hosts an optional file and
908 nicely handles that on IPv6 ::1 maps to both "localhost" and
911 * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call
912 sd_get_machine_names() to enumerate running containers and
913 VMs (currently only supported by very new libvirt and
914 nspawn). sd_login_monitor can now be used to watch
915 VMs/containers coming and going.
917 * .include is not allowed recursively anymore, and only in
918 unit files. Usually it is better to use drop-in snippets in
919 .d/*.conf anyway, as introduced with systemd 198.
921 * systemd-analyze gained a new "critical-chain" command that
922 determines the slowest chain of units run during system
923 boot-up. It is very useful for tracking down where
924 optimizing boot time is the most beneficial.
926 * systemd will no longer allow manipulating service paths in
927 the name=systemd:/system cgroup tree using ControlGroup= in
928 units. (But is still fine with it in all other dirs.)
930 * There's a new systemd-nspawn@.service service file that may
931 be used to easily run nspawn containers as system
932 services. With the container's root directory in
933 /var/lib/container/foobar it is now sufficient to run
934 "systemctl start systemd-nspawn@foobar.service" to boot it.
936 * systemd-cgls gained a new parameter "--machine" to list only
937 the processes within a certain container.
939 * ConditionSecurity= now can check for "apparmor". We still
940 are lacking checks for SMACK and IMA for this condition
941 check though. Patches welcome!
943 * A new configuration file /etc/systemd/sleep.conf has been
944 added that may be used to configure which kernel operation
945 systemd is supposed to execute when "suspend", "hibernate"
946 or "hybrid-sleep" is requested. This makes the new kernel
947 "freeze" state accessible to the user.
949 * ENV{SYSTEMD_WANTS} in udev rules will now implicitly escape
950 the passed argument if applicable.
952 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters,
953 Cristian Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner,
954 Evangelos Foutras, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Harald Hoyer, Josh
955 Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn,
956 MUNEDA Takahiro, Mantas Mikulėnas, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel
957 Chen, Nirbheek Chauhan, Ronny Chevalier, Ross Lagerwall, Tom
958 Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew
963 * The output of 'systemctl list-jobs' got some polishing. The
964 '--type=' argument may now be passed more than once. A new
965 command 'systemctl list-sockets' has been added which shows
966 a list of kernel sockets systemd is listening on with the
967 socket units they belong to, plus the units these socket
970 * The experimental libsystemd-bus library got substantial
971 updates to work in conjunction with the (also experimental)
972 kdbus kernel project. It works well enough to exchange
973 messages with some sophistication. Note that kdbus is not
974 ready yet, and the library is mostly an elaborate test case
975 for now, and not installable.
977 * systemd gained a new unit 'systemd-static-nodes.service'
978 that generates static device nodes earlier during boot, and
979 can run in conjunction with udev.
981 * libsystemd-login gained a new call sd_pid_get_user_unit()
982 to retrieve the user systemd unit a process is running
983 in. This is useful for systems where systemd is used as
986 * systemd-nspawn now places all containers in the new /machine
987 top-level cgroup directory in the name=systemd
988 hierarchy. libvirt will soon do the same, so that we get a
989 uniform separation of /system, /user and /machine for system
990 services, user processes and containers/virtual
991 machines. This new cgroup hierarchy is also useful to stick
992 stable names to specific container instances, which can be
993 recognized later this way (this name may be controlled
994 via systemd-nspawn's new -M switch). libsystemd-login also
995 gained a new call sd_pid_get_machine_name() to retrieve the
996 name of the container/VM a specific process belongs to.
998 * bootchart can now store its data in the journal.
1000 * libsystemd-journal gained a new call
1001 sd_journal_add_conjunction() for AND expressions to the
1002 matching logic. This can be used to express more complex
1003 logical expressions.
1005 * journactl can now take multiple --unit= and --user-unit=
1008 * The cryptsetup logic now understands the "luks.key=" kernel
1009 command line switch for specifying a file to read the
1010 decryption key from. Also, if a configured key file is not
1011 found the tool will now automatically fall back to prompting
1014 * Python systemd.journal module was updated to wrap recently
1015 added functions from libsystemd-journal. The interface was
1016 changed to bring the low level interface in s.j._Reader
1017 closer to the C API, and the high level interface in
1018 s.j.Reader was updated to wrap and convert all data about
1021 Contributions from: Anatol Pomozov, Auke Kok, Harald Hoyer,
1022 Henrik Grindal Bakken, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart
1023 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas Marius Vollmer,
1024 Martin Jansa, Martin Pitt, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt,
1025 Mirco Tischler, Pali Rohar, Simon Peeters, Steven Hiscocks,
1026 Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
1030 * journalctl --update-catalog now understands a new --root=
1031 option to operate on catalogs found in a different root
1034 * During shutdown after systemd has terminated all running
1035 services a final killing loop kills all remaining left-over
1036 processes. We will now print the name of these processes
1037 when we send SIGKILL to them, since this usually indicates a
1040 * If /etc/crypttab refers to password files stored on
1041 configured mount points automatic dependencies will now be
1042 generated to ensure the specific mount is established first
1043 before the key file is attempted to be read.
1045 * 'systemctl status' will now show information about the
1046 network sockets a socket unit is listening on.
1048 * 'systemctl status' will also shown information about any
1049 drop-in configuration file for units. (Drop-In configuration
1050 files in this context are files such as
1051 /etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf)
1053 * systemd-cgtop now optionally shows summed up CPU times of
1054 cgroups. Press '%' while running cgtop to switch between
1055 percentage and absolute mode. This is useful to determine
1056 which cgroups use up the most CPU time over the entire
1057 runtime of the system. systemd-cgtop has also been updated
1058 to be 'pipeable' for processing with further shell tools.
1060 * 'hostnamectl set-hostname' will now allow setting of FQDN
1063 * The formatting and parsing of time span values has been
1064 changed. The parser now understands fractional expressions
1065 such as "5.5h". The formatter will now output fractional
1066 expressions for all time spans under 1min, i.e. "5.123456s"
1067 rather than "5s 123ms 456us". For time spans under 1s
1068 millisecond values are shown, for those under 1ms
1069 microsecond values are shown. This should greatly improve
1070 all time-related output of systemd.
1072 * libsystemd-login and libsystemd-journal gained new
1073 functions for querying the poll() events mask and poll()
1074 timeout value for integration into arbitrary event
1077 * localectl gained the ability to list available X11 keymaps
1078 (models, layouts, variants, options).
1080 * 'systemd-analyze dot' gained the ability to filter for
1081 specific units via shell-style globs, to create smaller,
1082 more useful graphs. I.e. it's now possible to create simple
1083 graphs of all the dependencies between only target units, or
1084 of all units that Avahi has dependencies with.
1086 Contributions from: Cristian Rodríguez, Dr. Tilmann Bubeck,
1087 Harald Hoyer, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers, Kelly
1088 Anderson, Koen Kooi, Lennart Poettering, Maksim Melnikau,
1089 Marc-Antoine Perennou, Marius Vollmer, Martin Pitt, Michal
1090 Schmidt, Oleksii Shevchuk, Ronny Chevalier, Simon McVittie,
1091 Steven Hiscocks, Thomas Weißschuh, Umut Tezduyar, Václav
1092 Pavlín, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Łukasz Stelmach
1096 * The boot-time readahead implementation for rotating media
1097 will now read the read-ahead data in multiple passes which
1098 consist of all read requests made in equidistant time
1099 intervals. This means instead of strictly reading read-ahead
1100 data in its physical order on disk we now try to find a
1101 middle ground between physical and access time order.
1103 * /etc/os-release files gained a new BUILD_ID= field for usage
1104 on operating systems that provide continuous builds of OS
1107 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers,
1108 Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin Pitt, Václav Pavlín
1109 William Douglas, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
1113 * systemd-python gained an API exposing libsystemd-daemon.
1115 * The SMACK setup logic gained support for uploading CIPSO
1118 * Behaviour of PrivateTmp=, ReadWriteDirectories=,
1119 ReadOnlyDirectories= and InaccessibleDirectories= has
1120 changed. The private /tmp and /var/tmp directories are now
1121 shared by all processes of a service (which means
1122 ExecStartPre= may now leave data in /tmp that ExecStart= of
1123 the same service can still access). When a service is
1124 stopped its temporary directories are immediately deleted
1125 (normal clean-up with tmpfiles is still done in addition to
1128 * By default, systemd will now set a couple of sysctl
1129 variables in the kernel: the safe sysrq options are turned
1130 on, IP route verification is turned on, and source routing
1131 disabled. The recently added hardlink and softlink
1132 protection of the kernel is turned on. These settings should
1133 be reasonably safe, and good defaults for all new systems.
1135 * The predictable network naming logic may now be turned off
1136 with a new kernel command line switch: net.ifnames=0.
1138 * A new libsystemd-bus module has been added that implements a
1139 pretty complete D-Bus client library. For details see:
1141 http://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/systemd-devel/2013-March/009797.html
1143 * journald will now explicitly flush the journal files to disk
1144 at the latest 5min after each write. The file will then also
1145 be marked offline until the next write. This should increase
1146 reliability in case of a crash. The synchronization delay
1147 can be configured via SyncIntervalSec= in journald.conf.
1149 * There's a new remote-fs-setup.target unit that can be used
1150 to pull in specific services when at least one remote file
1151 system is to be mounted.
1153 * There are new targets timers.target and paths.target as
1154 canonical targets to pull user timer and path units in
1155 from. This complements sockets.target with a similar
1156 purpose for socket units.
1158 * libudev gained a new call udev_device_set_attribute_value()
1159 to set sysfs attributes of a device.
1161 * The udev daemon now sets the default number of worker
1162 processes executed in parallel based on the number of available
1163 CPUs instead of the amount of available RAM. This is supposed
1164 to provide a more reliable default and limit a too aggressive
1165 paralellism for setups with 1000s of devices connected.
1167 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Walters, Cristian
1168 Rodríguez, Daniel Buch, Dave Reisner, Frederic Crozat, Hannes
1169 Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Jan Alexander Steffens, Jan
1170 Engelhardt, Josh Triplett, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
1171 Mantas Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Mathieu Bridon, Michael Biebl,
1172 Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nathaniel Chen,
1173 Oleksii Shevchuk, Ozan Çağlayan, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel
1174 Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar,
1175 Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
1179 * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in
1180 files without having to edit/override the unit files
1181 themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to
1182 change one value for a service file foobar.service he can
1183 now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into
1184 /etc/systemd/system/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic
1185 will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the
1186 main unit configuration file, possibly extending or
1187 overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is
1188 generally nicer than the two earlier options for changing
1189 unit files locally: copying the files from
1190 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing
1191 them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/
1192 that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in
1193 snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any
1194 directory systemd looks for units in, and the usual
1195 overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply
1198 * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be
1199 reset by assigning the empty string to them. For example,
1200 normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new
1201 environment variable assignment to the environment block,
1202 each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty
1203 string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is
1204 particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets
1205 mentioned above, since this adds the ability to reset list
1206 settings from vendor unit files via these drop-ins.
1208 * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for
1209 listing the dependencies of a unit recursively.
1211 * Inhibitors are now honored and listed by "systemctl
1212 suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only
1213 GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by
1216 * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group
1217 controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime
1218 for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command
1219 like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares
1220 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These
1221 settings are stored persistently on disk, and thus allow the
1222 administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of
1223 services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource
1224 management logic is also available to other programs via the
1225 bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is
1228 * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to
1229 all allocated VTs, where it previously applied them only to
1232 * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API
1235 * This release drops support for a few legacy or
1236 distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing init
1237 scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent,
1238 $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp,
1239 $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing
1240 this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain
1241 compatibility with this should carry the burden for
1242 supporting this themselves and patch support for these back
1243 in, if they really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and
1244 $local_fs are now ignored, since systemd does not support
1245 early-boot LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities
1246 are implied anyway for normal services. syslog.target has
1249 * There are new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for
1250 cancelling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously,
1251 both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot
1254 * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support.
1256 * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf
1257 now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as
1258 last character in the line, similar in style (but different)
1259 to how this is supported in shells.
1261 * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is
1262 now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl
1263 has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a
1264 user systemd instance.
1266 * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and
1267 CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for
1268 the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified
1269 Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires
1270 audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in
1271 kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in
1272 context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out
1273 of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed
1274 one day for good in the kernel.
1276 * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to
1277 bind mount specific directories from the host into the
1280 * nspawn will now mount its own devpts file system instance
1281 into the container, in order not to leak pty devices from
1282 the host into the container.
1284 * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance
1285 information from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader
1286 supports this, and takes it into account for boot performance
1287 analysis via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported
1288 only in conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported
1289 by other boot loaders too. For details see:
1291 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface
1293 * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the
1294 EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory
1295 exists, is empty, and no other file system has been
1296 configured to be mounted there.
1298 * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out
1299 unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be
1300 used by applications as asynchronous notification for
1301 system resume events.
1303 * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows
1304 unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar
1305 how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users
1306 sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call UnlockSessions().
1308 * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a
1309 seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for
1310 the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics
1313 * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows
1314 configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that
1315 shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging").
1317 * udev default rules set the device node permissions now only
1318 at "add" events, and do not change them any longer with a
1319 later "change" event.
1321 * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses
1322 now carry a message ID.
1324 * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this
1325 continues to be work in progress.
1327 * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the
1328 root directory to operate relative to.
1330 * logind will now issue a background sync() request to the kernel
1331 early at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early
1332 instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown
1335 * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for
1336 certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview
1337 and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon
1338 like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by
1339 graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and
1340 request boot into firmware operations.
1342 * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match
1343 the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work
1344 correctly in initrds.
1346 * Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now
1347 also compile time optional via a configure switch.
1349 * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl
1350 dot" has moved into systemd-analyze.
1352 * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print
1353 the status of all active or failed units.
1355 * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed
1356 with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue
1357 operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later
1358 job queuing. This is by default used to make shutdown
1359 requests more robust.
1361 * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for
1362 reading journal files.
1364 * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install
1365 kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification:
1367 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec
1369 * Boot time console output has been improved to provide
1370 animated boot time output for hanging jobs.
1372 * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used
1373 to test socket activation with, directly from the command
1374 line. This should make it much easier to test and debug
1375 socket activation in daemons.
1377 * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show
1378 journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first).
1380 * journalctl gained a new "--pager-end" (or -e) option to jump
1381 to immediately jump to the end of the journal in the
1382 pager. This is only supported in conjunction with "less".
1384 * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works
1385 similar to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than
1388 * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in
1389 initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from
1390 the various initrd implementations into systemd proper.
1392 * The journal files are now owned by a new group
1393 "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access
1394 to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the
1395 "adm" group for that, which however possibly covers more
1396 than just journal/log file access. This new group is now
1397 already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this
1398 daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else
1399 as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs
1400 up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read
1401 access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns
1402 the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also
1403 add read access to "adm" + "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and
1404 all existing/future journal files. To normal users and
1405 administrators little changes, however packagers need to
1406 ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at
1407 package installation time.
1409 * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user
1410 systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging
1411 scripts need to create these system user/group at
1414 * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that
1415 indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not.
1417 * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs
1419 * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is
1422 * In addition to the SELinux and IMA policies we will now also
1423 load SMACK policies at early boot.
1425 Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke
1426 Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch,
1427 Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss,
1428 Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer,
1429 Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
1430 Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin
1431 Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael
1432 Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil,
1433 Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor
1434 Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob
1435 Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven
1436 Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
1437 Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew
1438 Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak)
1442 * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to
1443 monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit
1444 based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri
1445 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first
1446 or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is
1447 a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support
1448 considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on
1449 the supported calendar time specification language see
1452 * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for
1453 network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination
1454 of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki
1455 document for details:
1457 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames
1459 * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the
1460 systemd tree. It's an optional component that can graph the
1461 boot in quite some detail. It's one of the best bootchart
1462 implementations around and minimal in its code and
1465 * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source
1466 tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname
1467 always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak
1468 requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and
1469 since its code is actually trivial we decided to just
1470 include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off
1471 with a configure switch.
1473 * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting
1474 whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in
1475 order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was
1476 only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems
1479 * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the
1480 IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company
1481 identities are attached to the devices as well.
1483 * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is
1484 replaced by the configured user name of the service.
1486 * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This
1487 makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This
1488 may be used to set up a simple containerized server system
1489 using only core OS tools.
1491 * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors
1492 when they are started for socket activation. This enables
1493 implementation of socket activated nspawn
1494 containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image
1495 when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect
1496 that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc
1499 * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when
1500 presenting log data.
1502 * systemctl will no longer show control group information for
1503 a unit if a the control group is empty anyway.
1505 * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the
1508 * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis
1509 type of the system. This can be used to determine whether
1510 the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or
1511 tablet. This information may either be configured by the
1512 user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI
1513 information if possible.
1515 * A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with
1516 "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because
1517 many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well.
1519 * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which
1520 may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an
1521 AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system
1522 is running on battery power.
1524 * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in
1525 shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit
1526 is in the "failed" state.
1528 * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file
1529 globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of
1530 environment files at once.
1532 * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific
1533 distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been
1534 removed, systemd is now fully generic and
1535 distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as
1536 a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure
1537 switches. However, support for some distribution specific
1538 legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We
1539 recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration
1540 files everybody else uses now and convert the old
1541 configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions
1542 already did that. If that's not possible or desirable,
1543 distributions are welcome to forward port the specific
1544 pieces of code locally from the git history.
1546 * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always
1547 log the unit name in the message meta data.
1549 * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is
1550 not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked.
1552 * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer
1553 devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required
1554 to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead,
1555 it will now look for all devices that are tagged as
1556 "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will
1557 be marked as such, but depending on local systems other
1558 devices might be marked as well. This may be used to
1559 integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such
1560 as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that
1561 we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead,
1562 and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be
1563 shipped from us upstream.
1565 Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke
1566 Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David
1567 Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra,
1568 Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik
1569 Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart
1570 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann,
1571 Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry,
1572 Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg
1573 Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar
1574 Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn
1575 Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch,
1576 Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew
1581 * udev gained support for loading additional device properties
1582 from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs
1583 and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this
1584 "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and
1585 USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In
1586 the longer run this indexed database shall grow into
1587 becoming the one central database for non-essential
1588 userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB
1589 database was only attached to select devices, since the
1590 lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time
1591 complexity (with n being the number of entries in the
1592 database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this
1593 data for all devices where this is available, by
1594 default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt
1595 when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need
1596 to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb
1597 --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For
1598 RPM-based distributions we introduced the new
1599 %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose.
1601 * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an
1602 indexed database to link up additional information with
1603 journal entries. For further details please check:
1605 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog
1607 The indexed message catalog database also needs to be
1608 rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use
1609 "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based
1610 distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update
1611 macro for this purpose.
1613 * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard
1614 Python logging framework.
1616 * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether
1617 the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of
1618 properly reporting file change notifications, or whether
1619 applications that want to reflect journal changes "live"
1620 need to recheck journal files continuously in appropriate
1623 * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles
1624 entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry
1625 shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up.
1627 * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb
1628 right-away on the selected coredump.
1630 * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that
1631 support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use
1632 "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this.
1634 * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings)
1635 now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply
1636 request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of
1637 actually executing a suspend or hibernation.
1639 * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by
1642 * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the
1643 SMACK security label.
1645 * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next
1646 daylight saving change.
1648 * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific
1649 concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services
1650 (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S')
1651 or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the
1652 distributions who still need support this to either continue
1653 to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a
1654 different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!)
1656 * Various systemd components will now bypass PolicyKit checks
1657 for root and otherwise handle properly if PolicyKit is not
1658 found to be around. This should fix most issues for
1659 PolicyKit-less systems. Quite frankly this should have been
1660 this way since day one. It is absolutely our intention to
1661 make systemd work fine on PolicyKit-less systems, and we
1662 consider it a bug if something doesn't work as it should if
1663 PolicyKit is not around.
1665 * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and
1666 systemd without blkid and/or kmod support.
1668 * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root
1669 more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the
1670 initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to
1671 further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement
1672 offline updating tools.
1674 * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros
1675 shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after
1676 installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir,
1677 %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir,
1678 %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right
1679 directories for packages to place various data files in.
1681 * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to
1682 --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages.
1684 Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel,
1685 Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner,
1686 Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers,
1687 Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas,
1688 Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl,
1689 Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen,
1690 Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas
1691 Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony
1692 Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
1696 * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to
1697 filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for
1698 units via --unit=/-u.
1700 * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the
1703 * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and
1704 vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based
1707 * The journal will now index the available field values for
1708 each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop
1709 downs of available match values when filtering. The bash
1710 completion of journalctl has been updated
1711 accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all
1712 values a certain field takes in the journal database.
1714 * More service events are now written as structured messages
1715 to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs.
1717 * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which
1718 previously only provided support for changing time, locale
1719 and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now
1720 also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client
1721 utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing
1722 these settings from the command line now, especially since
1723 it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash
1726 * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and
1727 extract coredumps from the journal.
1729 * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and
1730 /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init
1731 scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to
1732 that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and
1733 scratch their heads.
1735 * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the
1736 $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd.
1738 * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result
1739 in immediate termination of systemd.
1741 * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a
1742 "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering.
1744 * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed
1745 information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and
1746 mouse screen support has been added.
1748 * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON
1749 Server-Sent-Events as output.
1751 * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now
1752 heuristically determine whether a script supports the
1753 "reload" verb, and only then make this available as
1756 * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl
1759 * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings
1760 have been removed since they are hardly useful to be
1763 * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention
1764 Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock!
1766 Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin
1767 Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc
1768 Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas
1769 Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich,
1770 Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas
1771 Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew
1772 Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич
1776 * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no
1777 longer load any console font or key map at boot by
1778 default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left
1779 intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no
1780 configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding
1781 font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad
1782 idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be
1783 good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to
1784 the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them
1785 with. If distributions want to continue to default to a
1786 non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default
1787 /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents.
1789 Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave
1790 Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef
1791 Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
1795 * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries
1796 starting from the specified location in the journal.
1798 * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported
1799 with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be
1800 assigned null. This can be turned off with --all.
1802 * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as
1803 "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides
1804 access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality
1805 will be used to implement live log synchronization in both
1806 pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such
1807 as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right
1808 now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP:
1810 # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service
1811 # wget http://localhost:19531/entries
1813 This will download the journal contents in a
1814 /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON:
1816 # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries
1818 This service is also accessible via a web browser where a
1819 single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic
1820 to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the
1821 journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example
1822 screenshot of this app in its current state:
1824 http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd
1826 Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert
1827 Milasan, Tom Gundersen
1831 * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl
1834 * We don't mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with
1835 "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be
1836 started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence
1837 broke code that assumed it it could create "cpu" groups and
1840 * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes,
1841 and line break accordingly.
1843 Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart
1844 Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín
1848 * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the
1849 container environment, copying the host's timezone
1850 setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but
1851 since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been
1852 changed to create/update the appropriate symlink.
1854 * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and
1855 will default to 10 if omitted.
1857 * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may
1858 take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default
1859 built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file
1860 system size is used. Use "systemctl status
1861 systemd-journald.service" to see this information.
1863 * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X
1864 is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a
1865 seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary
1866 anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped
1867 until the upstream display managers have been updated to
1868 fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be
1869 removed entirely in one of the next releases.
1871 * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into
1872 HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting
1873 is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are
1874 distuingishing between these keys and we should too. This
1875 also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split
1878 Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart
1879 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín
1883 * Whenever a unit changes state we'll now log this to the
1884 journal and show along the unit's own log output in
1887 * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind
1888 mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file
1889 system to another place in the same file system could not be
1890 detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev
1893 * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct,
1894 cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by
1897 * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot
1898 ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted
1899 over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This
1900 has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing
1903 * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not
1904 to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one
1905 JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON
1906 parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode
1907 "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but
1908 neatly aligned for readability by humans.
1910 * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown
1911 code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel
1912 reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility
1915 * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as
1916 supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if
1917 CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also,
1918 nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the
1919 container if the containerized OS asks for that.
1921 * journalctl will only show local log output by default
1922 now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too.
1924 * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage()
1925 call to determine the current disk usage of all journal
1926 files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage"
1929 * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in
1930 journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals
1931 are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details.
1933 * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added.
1935 * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write
1936 multiple files at once.
1938 * We added Python bindings for the journal submission
1939 APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will
1940 likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings
1941 only for the Python language, as we consider it common
1942 enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are
1943 various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings
1944 for languages such as PHP or Lua.
1946 * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In
1947 addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units
1948 now support specifiers as well.
1950 * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset
1953 * journald will now warn if it can't forward a message to the
1954 syslog daemon because it's socket is full.
1956 * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone,
1957 except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr
1958 anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe,
1959 and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary
1962 * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6
1963 by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where
1964 started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys,
1965 so that no text gettys were available anymore.
1967 * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic
1968 about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make
1969 simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work.
1971 * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default
1972 (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel
1973 default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening
1976 * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the
1977 kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone
1980 * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default,
1981 logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep
1982 keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want
1983 to handle these events on their own they should take the new
1984 handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch
1985 inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achiveve
1986 that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of:
1988 systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ...
1990 * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking
1991 the unit file label and client process label into account.
1993 * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal
1994 when he over-mounts a non-empty directory.
1996 * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files,
1997 for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID
2000 Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips,
2001 Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner,
2002 Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart
2003 Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas,
2004 Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz,
2005 Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen,
2006 Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
2010 * Support for reading structured kernel messages from
2011 /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default.
2013 * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now
2014 been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal
2015 make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports
2016 reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see
2017 above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic
2018 syslog daemons again.
2020 * The libudev API gained the new
2021 udev_device_new_from_device_id() call.
2023 * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=,
2024 ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to
2025 require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary
2026 directories are created below /tmp for this feature.
2028 * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts
2029 made on the host OS below the root file system of the
2032 * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files,
2033 which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so
2034 that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this
2035 being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about
2036 this explaining it in more detail.
2038 * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus=
2039 and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit
2040 status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the
2041 restart logic, resp. consider successful.
2043 * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used
2044 to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and
2045 (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of
2048 * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/
2049 and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells
2050 as container init process a lot more fun.
2052 * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL=
2055 * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match
2056 against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is
2057 useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to
2058 provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly
2059 different sets of services.
2061 * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a
2064 Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang
2065 Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin
2066 Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
2070 * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a
2071 subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps
2072 tree a lot more organized.
2074 * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that
2075 may be used to group services in a natural way.
2077 * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of
2080 * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and
2081 warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports
2082 filtering by log level now.
2084 * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure
2085 the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained
2086 -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input).
2088 * The suffix ".service" may now be omitted on most systemctl
2089 command lines involving service unit names.
2091 * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as
2092 well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions".
2094 * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror()
2095 that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal
2096 and encodes structured information about the error number.
2098 * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size=
2101 * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when
2102 a shutdown is cancelled.
2104 * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now
2105 default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work
2106 nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from
2107 the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount
2108 --make-rprivate /" if needed.
2110 * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions
2111 should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep
2112 it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files
2113 for display managers instead.
2115 * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now
2116 default to a number of compiler switches that improve
2117 security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack
2118 protection, and suchlike.
2120 * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into
2121 TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration
2122 of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of
2125 Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke
2126 Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer,
2127 Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas
2128 Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter
2129 Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom
2130 Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
2134 * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man
2137 * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from
2138 the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental
2141 * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset=
2144 * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state.
2146 * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to
2147 make writing synchronous journal clients easier.
2149 * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a
2152 * journalctl now displays a special marker between log
2153 messages of two different boots.
2155 * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service
2156 systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply
2157 by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable.
2159 * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much
2160 more complex expressions, with alternatives and
2163 * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main
2164 system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to
2165 ensure no processes stay around by accident.
2167 * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s
2168 resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user
2169 shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances.
2171 * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data
2172 object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the
2173 hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This
2174 together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus
2175 speed things up a bit.
2177 * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect
2178 header data of journal files.
2180 * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services
2181 which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to
2182 system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5.
2184 * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j)
2185 to link the container journal with the host. This makes it
2186 very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all
2187 guests while still keeping the journal files separated.
2189 * Many bugfixes and optimizations
2191 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay
2192 Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex
2193 Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew
2198 * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments,
2199 which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They
2200 usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are
2203 * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are
2204 automatically generated at boot. Use:
2206 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead
2208 * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use:
2210 systemctl enable debug-shell.service
2212 * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth
2213 package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version
2216 * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of
2217 a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it
2218 in all appropriate directories automatically.
2220 * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and
2221 does the right thing. Example:
2223 udevadm info /dev/sda
2224 udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda
2226 * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a
2227 unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a
2228 service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left
2231 * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was
2232 shortened due to rotation since a service has been started.
2234 * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the
2235 "cutoff" times due to rotation.
2237 * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering
2238 immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible,
2239 resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal
2242 * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to
2243 be stopped that is not loaded.
2245 * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames.
2247 * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3
2249 * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging
2250 where the first level dirs are always kept around but
2251 directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled
2252 by prefixing the age field with '~'.
2254 * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties
2255 which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the
2256 display manager might be running before the graphics drivers
2257 completed initialization.
2259 * Seat objects now expose a State property.
2261 * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling
2262 based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based
2263 distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This
2264 makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across
2267 * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is
2268 always valid when services log to the journal via
2271 * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all
2272 command line options we understand.
2274 * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing
2275 fstab=0 on the kernel command line.
2277 * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood
2278 to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot.
2280 * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now
2281 automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or
2282 device paths are specified they are automatically turned
2283 into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example:
2285 systemctl status /home
2286 systemctl status /dev/sda
2288 * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from
2289 system.conf parsing.
2291 * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus
2294 * The Names= option is been removed from unit file parsing.
2296 * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process.
2298 * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now
2299 comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is
2302 * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their
2303 name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external
2304 code. Among them fsck@.service which is now
2305 systemd-fsck@.service.
2307 * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus
2310 * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now
2313 * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options
2314 we actually understand.
2316 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass
2317 additional capabilities to the container.
2319 * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names
2320 from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list,
2321 systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed.
2323 * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of
2324 the current boot only.
2326 * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in
2327 order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up.
2329 * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald
2330 which allows configuration of where log data should go. This
2331 also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so
2332 that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the
2333 kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation.
2335 * Many bugfixes and optimizations
2337 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner,
2338 David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
2339 Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel,
2340 Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen
2344 * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is
2347 * Several new man pages have been added.
2349 * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=,
2350 MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in
2351 journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of
2352 data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level.
2354 * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for
2355 PID1. This allows system-wide power savings.
2357 Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen,
2358 Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou,
2363 * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and
2364 sleep keys as well as the lid switch.
2366 * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl
2367 /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific
2370 * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences
2371 the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel.
2373 Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert
2374 Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers,
2375 Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul
2376 Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen
2380 * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the
2381 new version to something that is greater than both udev's
2382 and systemd's most recent version number.
2384 * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now.
2385 All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It
2386 is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without
2387 systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building
2388 udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but
2389 udev can be properly *run* without systemd.
2391 * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles
2392 should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken
2395 * udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is
2396 no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be
2397 used to subscribe to events.
2399 * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left
2400 behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned
2401 up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or
2402 daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be
2403 pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly
2404 forked by udev rules.
2406 * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed
2407 in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need
2408 to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building
2411 * libudev no longer provides these symbols:
2412 udev_monitor_from_socket()
2413 udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry()
2414 udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path()
2415 The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced.
2417 * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed
2418 to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl.
2420 * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and
2421 /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to
2422 logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename
2423 the files to the new names on upgrade.
2425 * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed
2426 from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff
2427 of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too),
2428 and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable
2429 to be used as drop-in files.
2431 * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in
2432 particular suspending and hibernating.
2434 * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic
2435 suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog
2436 about this in more detail.
2438 * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided
2439 (which prevously bind mounted these directories to their new
2440 places). Distributions which have not converted these
2441 directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files
2442 from git history and add them downstream.
2444 * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added
2445 this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it
2446 easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various
2449 * All smaller setup units (such as
2450 systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they
2451 are run in a container and are skipped when
2452 appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in
2453 Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn.
2455 * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now
2456 integrated, for details see:
2457 http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates
2459 * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us
2460 avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status
2463 * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to
2464 globally reduce the set of capabilities for the
2465 system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO,
2466 CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or
2467 even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems.
2469 * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to
2470 globally change the defaults of the various resource limits
2471 for all units started by PID 1.
2473 * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into
2474 systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu
2475 and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!)
2477 * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside
2480 * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from
2481 /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that
2482 haven't been read by systemd yet.
2484 * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has
2485 already been updated to make use of this. With this in place
2486 initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much
2487 easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in
2488 the host system can be used to introspect initrd services,
2489 and the journal from the initrd is kept around too.
2491 * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences
2492 between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults.
2494 * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp.
2496 * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature
2497 proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been
2500 * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all
2501 files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching
2502 is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated
2503 packages which might result in changes of read-ahead
2506 * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable
2507 when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's
2508 built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements
2509 of necessary blocks to pre-cache.
2511 * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies
2512 for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path.
2514 * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from
2515 system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place
2518 * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine
2519 ID on the command line.
2521 * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search
2524 * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from
2527 * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems.
2529 * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual
2530 components now have directories of their own.
2532 * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available.
2534 * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the
2535 container in other hierarchies.
2537 * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in
2540 * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API.
2542 * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be
2543 masked and /etc/fstab can override it.
2545 * Since udisks doesn't make use of /media anymore we are not
2546 mounting a tmpfs on it anymore.
2548 * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave
2549 locally generated journal files.
2551 * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically.
2553 * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui.
2555 Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George,
2556 Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan
2557 Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal,
2558 Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers,
2559 Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure,
2560 Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim
2561 A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal
2562 Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn
2563 Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
2568 * This is mostly a bugfix release
2570 * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the
2571 KVM or container configured UUID.
2573 * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff"
2575 * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output
2577 * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianness fixes and
2578 ensuring that disk space enforcement works
2580 * sd-login.h is C++ comptaible again
2582 * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian
2585 * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration
2586 and unit files. This is done to ensure we don't pass invalid
2587 data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere.
2589 * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat
2592 * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race
2595 * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always
2596 overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always
2597 and unconditionally override vendor supplied or
2598 automatically generated data.
2600 * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man
2601 pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls
2604 * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the
2607 Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic
2608 Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti
2609 Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry
2614 * This is mostly a bugfix release
2616 * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported.
2618 * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so
2620 * Track class of PAM logins to distuingish greeters from
2623 Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael
2628 * This is an important bugfix release for v41.
2630 * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful
2631 for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install
2634 * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In
2635 a future release support for hardware watchdogs
2636 (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this.
2638 * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be
2639 turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a
2640 reboot can automatically be triggered.
2642 * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind.
2644 Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham,
2645 Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal
2646 Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg
2650 * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now;
2651 An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the
2654 * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke
2655 libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not
2656 support systems with module-init-tools anymore.
2658 * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not
2661 * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is
2662 understood to set system wide environment variables
2663 dynamically at boot.
2665 * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald.
2667 * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is
2668 useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general
2669 code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit
2672 Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart
2673 Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen,
2678 * This is mostly a bugfix release
2680 * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the
2681 "Result" D-Bus property.
2683 * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over
2684 the next few releases.)
2686 * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will
2687 now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process
2688 it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window
2689 with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful
2691 Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay
2692 Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt,
2693 Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode
2697 * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
2700 * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their
2703 * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If
2704 disabled, support tracking device access for active logins
2705 goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user
2706 journals by the respective users.
2708 * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically
2709 owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access
2710 to the system journal as well as all user journals.
2712 * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging
2713 client for all entries.
2715 * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers
2717 * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text
2718 messages, without any meta data like date or time.
2720 * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to
2721 teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display
2722 managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg
2723 learned native udev hotplugging for display devices.
2725 * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs
2726 with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as
2727 BSD logger replacement, and does so by default.
2729 * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the
2730 journal along with meta data.
2732 * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for
2733 writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for
2734 creating symlinks, character and block device nodes.
2736 * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups
2737 persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in
2738 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups
2740 * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way
2742 * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on
2743 rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to
2744 death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid,
2747 * Don't show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless
2748 requested with new -k switch.
2750 Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart
2751 Poettering, Michal Schmidt
2755 * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
2758 * The git repository moved to:
2759 git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd
2760 ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd
2762 * First release with the journal
2763 http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html
2765 * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and
2766 systemd-stdout-bridge.
2768 * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind
2770 * Many systemadm clean-ups
2772 * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all
2773 remote mounts and may be used to start services before all
2776 * Added Mageia support
2778 * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl
2780 * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in
2781 the parent process before having finished writing the PID
2782 file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be
2783 fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the
2784 parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them.
2786 * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output
2787 of existing distributions.
2789 * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for
2790 compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage.
2792 * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and
2793 thus will no longer act as synchronization point during
2796 * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=.
2798 * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for
2799 relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is
2800 useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys,
2803 * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console
2804 and the journal by default, not only just the console.
2806 * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login.
2808 * The build tree got reorganized and a the build system is a
2809 lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically
2810 select the components of systemd they are interested in.
2812 * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is
2815 * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to
2816 --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and
2819 * Unless specified otherwise we'll now install to /usr instead
2820 of /usr/local by default.
2822 * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the
2823 final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained
2825 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons
2827 * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter
2828 the START or START_PRE states are now killed with
2829 SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn
2830 background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never
2831 supported anyway, and bad style).
2833 * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind
2834 reloading of units together.
2836 Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave
2837 Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay
2838 Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt,
2839 Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef
2840 Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
~ianmdlvl / elogind.git / blob