1 systemd System and Service Manager
5 * Configuration of unit files may now be extended via drop-in
6 files without having to edit/override the unit files
7 themselves. More specifically, if the administrator wants to
8 change one value for a service file foobar.service he can
9 now do so by dropping in a configuration snippet into
10 /etc/systemd/systemd/foobar.service.d/*.conf. The unit logic
11 will load all these snippets and apply them on top of the
12 main unit configuration file, possibly extending or
13 overriding its settings. Using these drop-in snippets is
14 generally nicer than the two earler options for changing
15 unit files locally: copying the files form
16 /usr/lib/systemd/system/ to /etc/systemd/system/ and editing
17 them there; or creating a new file in /etc/systemd/system/
18 that incorporates the original one via ".include". Drop-in
19 snippets into these .d/ directories can be placed in any
20 directory systems looks for units in, and the usual
21 overriding semantics between /usr/lib, /etc and /run apply
24 * Most unit file settings which take lists of items can now be
25 reset by assigning the empty strings to them. For example,
26 normally, settings such as Environment=FOO=BAR append a new
27 environment variable assignment to the environment block,
28 each time they are used. By assigning Environment= the empty
29 string the environment block can be reset to empty. This is
30 particularly useful with the .d/*.conf drop-in snippets
31 mentioned above, since this allows resetting list settings
32 from vendor unit files via these drop-ins.
34 * systemctl gained a new "list-dependencies" command for
35 listing the dependencies of a unit recursively.
37 * Inhibitors are now honoured and listed by "systemctl
38 suspend", "systemctl poweroff" (and similar) too, not only
39 GNOME. These commands will also list active sessions by
42 * Resource limits (as exposed by the various control group
43 controllers) can now be controlled dynamically at runtime
44 for all units. More specifically, you can now use a command
45 like "systemctl set-cgroup-attr foobar.service cpu.shares
46 2000" to alter the CPU shares a specific service gets. These
47 settings are stores persistently on disk, and thus allow the
48 administrator to easily adjust the resource usage of
49 services with a few simple commands. This dynamic resource
50 management logic is also available to other services via the
51 bus. Almost any kernel cgroup attribute and controller is
54 * systemd-vconsole-setup will now copy all font settings to
55 all open VTs, where it previously applied them only to the
58 * libsystemd-login gained the new sd_session_get_tty() API
61 * This release drops support with a few
62 legacy/distribution-specific LSB facility names when parsing
63 init scripts: $x-display-manager, $mail-transfer-agent,
64 $mail-transport-agent, $mail-transfer-agent, $smtp,
65 $null. Also, the mail-transfer-agent.target unit backing
66 this has been removed. Distributions which want to retain
67 compatibility with this should carry the burden for support
68 this themselves and patch support for these back in if they
69 really need to. Also, the facilities $syslog and $local_fs
70 are now ignored, since systemd does not support early-boot
71 LSB init scripts anymore, and these facilities are implied
72 anyway for normal services. syslog.target has also been
75 * There ar new bus calls on PID1's Manager object for
76 canceling jobs, and removing snapshot units. Previously,
77 both calls were only available on the Job and Snapshot
80 * systemd-journal-gatewayd gained SSL support.
82 * The various "environment" files, such as /etc/locale.conf
83 now support continuation lines with a backslash ("\") as
84 last character in the line, similar in style (but different)
85 to how this is supported in shells.
87 * For normal user processes the _SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT= field is
88 now implicitly appended to every log entry logged. systemctl
89 has been updated to filter by this field when operating on a
90 user systemd instance.
92 * nspawn will now implicitly add the CAP_AUDIT_WRITE and
93 CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL capabilities to the capabilities set for
94 the container. This makes it easier to boot unmodified
95 Fedora systems in a container, which however still requires
96 audit=0 to be passed on the kernel command line. Auditing in
97 kernel and userspace is unfortunately still too broken in
98 context of containers, hence we recommend compiling it out
99 of the kernel or using audit=0. Hopefully this will be fixed
100 one day for good in the kernel.
102 * nspawn gained the new --bind= and --bind-ro= parameters to
103 bind mount specific directories from the host into the
106 * nspawn will not mount its own devpts file system instance
107 into the container, in order not to leaker pty devices from
108 the host into the container.
110 * systemd will now read the firmware boot time performance
111 from the EFI variables, if the used boot loader supports
112 this, and take it into account for boot performance analysis
113 via "systemd-analyze". This is currently supported only in
114 conjunction with Gummiboot, but could be supported by other
115 boot loaders too. For details, see:
117 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/BootLoaderInterface
119 * A new generator has been added that automatically mounts the
120 EFI System Partition (ESP) to /boot, if that directory
121 exists, is empty, and no other partition has been configured
124 * logind will now send out PrepareForSleep(false) out
125 unconditionally, after coming back from suspend. This may be
126 used by applications as asynchronous notification for
127 system resume events.
129 * "systemctl unlock-sessions" has been added, that allows
130 unlocking the screens of all user sessions at once, similar
131 how "systemctl lock-sessions" already locked all users
132 sessions. This is backed by a new D-Bus call
135 * "loginctl seat-status" will now show the master device of a
136 seat. (i.e. the device of a seat that needs to be around for
137 the seat to be considered available, usually the graphics
140 * tmpfiles gained a new "X" line type, that allows
141 configuration of files and directories (with wildcards) that
142 shall be excluded from automatic cleanup ("aging").
144 * udev permission rules are now only applied for "add" rules,
145 no longer for "change" events.
147 * The log messages for lid events and power/sleep keypresses
148 now carry a message ID.
150 * We now have a substantially larger unit test suite, but this
151 continues to be work in progress.
153 * udevadm hwdb gained a new --root= parameter to change the
154 root directory to operate relative to.
156 * logind will now issue a sync() request to the kernel early
157 at shutdown, so that dirty buffers are flushed to disk early
158 instead of at the last moment, in order to optimize shutdown
161 * A new bootctl tool has been added that is an interface for
162 certain boot loader operations. This is currently a preview
163 and is likely to be extended into a small mechanism daemon
164 like timedated, localed, hostnamed, and can be used by
165 graphical UIs to enumerate available boot options, and
166 request boot into firmware operations.
168 * systemd-bootchart has been relicensed to LGPLv2.1+ to match
169 the rest of the package. It also has been updated to work
170 correctly in initrds.
172 * Policykit previously has been runtime optional, and is now
173 also compile time optional via a configure switch.
175 * systemd-analyze has been reimplemented in C. Also "systemctl
176 dot" has moved into systemd-analyze.
178 * "systemctl status" with no further parameters will now print
179 the status of all active or failed units.
181 * Operations such as "systemctl start" can now be executed
182 with a new mode "--irreversible" which may be used to queue
183 operations that cannot accidentally be reversed by a later
184 job queuing. This is by default use to make shutdown
185 requests more robust.
187 * The Python API of systemd now gained a new module for
188 reading journal files.
190 * A new tool kernel-install has been added that can install
191 kernel images according to the Boot Loader Specification:
193 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Specifications/BootLoaderSpec
195 * Boot time console output has been improved to provide
196 animated boot time output.
198 * A new tool systemd-activate has been added which can be used
199 to test socket activation with, directly from the command
200 line. This should make it much easier to test and debug
201 socket activation in daemons.
203 * journalctl gained a new "--reverse" (or -r) option to show
204 journal output in reverse order (i.e. newest line first).
206 * journalctl gained a new "--user-unit=" option, that works
207 similar to "--unit=" but filters for user units rather than
210 * A number of unit files to ease adoption of systemd in
211 initrds has been added. This moves some minimal logic from
212 the various initrd implementations into systemd proper.
214 * The journal files are now owned by a new group
215 "systemd-journal", which exists specifically to allow access
216 to the journal, and nothing else. Previously, we used the
217 "adm" group for that, which however possible covers more
218 than just journal/log file access. This new group is now
219 already used by systemd-journal-gatewayd to ensure this
220 daemon gets access to the journal files and as little else
221 as possible. Note that "make install" will also set FS ACLs
222 up for /var/log/journal to give "adm" and "wheel" read
223 access to it, in addition to "systemd-journal" which owns
224 the journal files. We recommend that packaging scripts also
225 add read access to "adm", "wheel" to /var/log/journal, and
226 all existing/future journal files. To normal users and
227 administrators little changes, however packagers need to
228 ensure to create the "systemd-journal" system group at
229 package installation time.
231 * The systemd-journal-gatewayd now runs as unprivileged user
232 systemd-journal-gateway:systemd-journal-gateway. Packaging
233 scripts need to create these system user/group at
236 * timedated now exposes a new boolean property CanNTP that
237 indicates whether a local NTP service is available or not.
239 * systemd-detect-virt will now also detect xen PVs
241 * The pstore file system is now mounted by default, if it is available.
243 Contributions from: Adel Gadllah, Aleksander Morgado, Auke
244 Kok, Ayan George, Bastien Nocera, Colin Walters, Daniel Buch,
245 Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David Herrmann, David Strauss,
246 Eelco Dolstra, Enrico Scholz, Frederic Crozat, Harald Hoyer,
247 Jan Janssen, Jonathan Callen, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
248 Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin
249 Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Max F. Albrecht, Michael Biebl, Michael
250 Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michal Vyskocil,
251 Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Mirco Tischler, Nathaniel Chen, Nestor
252 Ovroy, Oleksii Shevchuk, Paul W. Frields, Piotr Drąg, Rob
253 Clark, Ryan Lortie, Simon McVittie, Simon Peeters, Steven
254 Hiscocks, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
255 Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, William Giokas, Zbigniew
256 Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Zeeshan Ali (Khattak)
260 * Timer units now support calendar time events in addition to
261 monotonic time events. That means you can now trigger a unit
262 based on a calendar time specification such as "Thu,Fri
263 2013-*-1,5 11:12:13" which refers to 11:12:13 of the first
264 or fifth day of any month of the year 2013, given that it is
265 a thursday or friday. This brings timer event support
266 considerably closer to cron's capabilities. For details on
267 the supported calendar time specification language see
270 * udev now supports a number of different naming policies for
271 network interfaces for predictable names, and a combination
272 of these policies is now the default. Please see this wiki
273 document for details:
275 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PredictableNetworkInterfaceNames
277 * Auke Kok's bootchart implementation has been added to the
278 systemd tree. It's an optional component that can graph the
279 boot in quite some detail. It's one of the best bootchart
280 implementations around and minimal in its code and
283 * nss-myhostname has been integrated into the systemd source
284 tree. nss-myhostname guarantees that the local hostname
285 always stays resolvable via NSS. It has been a weak
286 requirement of systemd-hostnamed since a long time, and
287 since its code is actually trivial we decided to just
288 include it in systemd's source tree. It can be turned off
289 with a configure switch.
291 * The read-ahead logic is now capable of properly detecting
292 whether a btrfs file system is on SSD or rotating media, in
293 order to optimize the read-ahead scheme. Previously, it was
294 only capable of detecting this on traditional file systems
297 * In udev, additional device properties are now read from the
298 IAB in addition to the OUI database. Also, Bluetooth company
299 identities are attached to the devices as well.
301 * In service files %U may be used as specifier that is
302 replaced by the configured user name of the service.
304 * nspawn may now be invoked without a controlling TTY. This
305 makes it suitable for invocation as its own service. This
306 may be used to set up a simple containerized server system
307 using only core OS tools.
309 * systemd and nspawn can now accept socket file descriptors
310 when they are started for socket activation. This enables
311 implementation of socket activated nspawn
312 containers. i.e. think about autospawning an entire OS image
313 when the first SSH or HTTP connection is received. We expect
314 that similar functionality will also be added to libvirt-lxc
317 * journalctl will now suppress ANSI color codes when
320 * systemctl will no longer show control group information for
321 a unit if a the control group is empty anyway.
323 * logind can now automatically suspend/hibernate/shutdown the
326 * /etc/machine-info and hostnamed now also expose the chassis
327 type of the system. This can be used to determine whether
328 the local system is a laptop, desktop, handset or
329 tablet. This information may either be configured by the
330 user/vendor or is automatically determined from ACPI and DMI
331 information if possible.
333 * A number of PolicyKit actions are now bound together with
334 "imply" rules. This should simplify creating UIs because
335 many actions will now authenticate similar ones as well.
337 * Unit files learnt a new condition ConditionACPower= which
338 may be used to conditionalize a unit depending on whether an
339 AC power source is connected or not, of whether the system
340 is running on battery power.
342 * systemctl gained a new "is-failed" verb that may be used in
343 shell scripts and suchlike to check whether a specific unit
344 is in the "failed" state.
346 * The EnvironmentFile= setting in unit files now supports file
347 globbing, and can hence be used to easily read a number of
348 environment files at once.
350 * systemd will no longer detect and recognize specific
351 distributions. All distribution-specific #ifdeffery has been
352 removed, systemd is now fully generic and
353 distribution-agnostic. Effectively, not too much is lost as
354 a lot of the code is still accessible via explicit configure
355 switches. However, support for some distribution specific
356 legacy configuration file formats has been dropped. We
357 recommend distributions to simply adopt the configuration
358 files everybody else uses now and convert the old
359 configuration from packaging scripts. Most distributions
360 already did that. If that's not possible or desirable,
361 distributions are welcome to forward port the specific
362 pieces of code locally from the git history.
364 * When logging a message about a unit systemd will now always
365 log the unit name in the message meta data.
367 * localectl will now also discover system locale data that is
368 not stored in locale archives, but directly unpacked.
370 * logind will no longer unconditionally use framebuffer
371 devices as seat masters, i.e. as devices that are required
372 to be existing before a seat is considered preset. Instead,
373 it will now look for all devices that are tagged as
374 "seat-master" in udev. By default framebuffer devices will
375 be marked as such, but depending on local systems other
376 devices might be marked as well. This may be used to
377 integrate graphics cards using closed source drivers (such
378 as NVidia ones) more nicely into logind. Note however, that
379 we recommend using the open source NVidia drivers instead,
380 and no udev rules for the closed-source drivers will be
381 shipped from us upstream.
383 Contributions from: Adam Williamson, Alessandro Crismani, Auke
384 Kok, Colin Walters, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner, David
385 Herrmann, David Strauss, Dimitrios Apostolou, Eelco Dolstra,
386 Eric Benoit, Giovanni Campagna, Hannes Reinecke, Henrik
387 Grindal Bakken, Hermann Gausterer, Kay Sievers, Lennart
388 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas, Marcel Holtmann,
389 Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Michael Biebl, Michael Terry,
390 Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Michał Bartoszkiewicz, Oleg
391 Samarin, Pekka Lundstrom, Philip Nilsson, Ramkumar
392 Ramachandra, Richard Yao, Robert Millan, Sami Kerola, Shawn
393 Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Thomas Jarosch,
394 Tollef Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew
399 * udev gained support for loading additional device properties
400 from an indexed database that is keyed by vendor/product IDs
401 and similar device identifiers. For the beginning this
402 "hwdb" is populated with data from the well-known PCI and
403 USB database, but also includes PNP, ACPI and OID data. In
404 the longer run this indexed database shall grow into
405 becoming the one central database for non-essential
406 userspace device metadata. Previously, data from the PCI/USB
407 database was only attached to select devices, since the
408 lookup was a relatively expensive operation due to O(n) time
409 complexity (with n being the number of entries in the
410 database). Since this is now O(1), we decided to add in this
411 data for all devices where this is available, by
412 default. Note that the indexed database needs to be rebuilt
413 when new data files are installed. To achieve this you need
414 to update your packaging scripts to invoke "udevadm hwdb
415 --update" after installation of hwdb data files. For
416 RPM-based distributions we introduced the new
417 %udev_hwdb_update macro for this purpose.
419 * The Journal gained support for the "Message Catalog", an
420 indexed database to link up additional information with
421 journal entries. For further details please check:
423 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/catalog
425 The indexed message catalog database also needs to be
426 rebuilt after installation of message catalog files. Use
427 "journalctl --update-catalog" for this. For RPM-based
428 distributions we introduced the %journal_catalog_update
429 macro for this purpose.
431 * The Python Journal bindings gained support for the standard
432 Python logging framework.
434 * The Journal API gained new functions for checking whether
435 the underlying file system of a journal file is capable of
436 properly reporting file change notifications, or whether
437 applications that want to reflect journal changes "live"
438 need to recheck journal files continously in appropriate
441 * It is now possible to set the "age" field for tmpfiles
442 entries to 0, indicating that files matching this entry
443 shall always be removed when the directories are cleaned up.
445 * coredumpctl gained a new "gdb" verb which invokes gdb
446 right-away on the selected coredump.
448 * There's now support for "hybrid sleep" on kernels that
449 support this, in addition to "suspend" and "hibernate". Use
450 "systemctl hybrid-sleep" to make use of this.
452 * logind's HandleSuspendKey= setting (and related settings)
453 now gained support for a new "lock" setting to simply
454 request the screen lock on all local sessions, instead of
455 actually executing a suspend or hibernation.
457 * systemd will now mount the EFI variables file system by
460 * Socket units now gained support for configuration of the
461 SMACK security label.
463 * timedatectl will now output the time of the last and next
464 daylight saving change.
466 * We dropped support for various legacy and distro-specific
467 concepts, such as insserv, early-boot SysV services
468 (i.e. those for non-standard runlevels such as 'b' or 'S')
469 or ArchLinux /etc/rc.conf support. We recommend the
470 distributions who still need support this to either continue
471 to maintain the necessary patches downstream, or find a
472 different solution. (Talk to us if you have questions!)
474 * Various systemd components will now bypass PolicyKit checks
475 for root and otherwise handle properly if PolicyKit is not
476 found to be around. This should fix most issues for
477 PolicyKit-less systems. Quite frankly this should have been
478 this way since day one. It is absolutely our intention to
479 make systemd work fine on PolicyKit-less systems, and we
480 consider it a bug if something doesn't work as it should if
481 PolicyKit is not around.
483 * For embedded systems it is now possible to build udev and
484 systemd without blkid and/or kmod support.
486 * "systemctl switch-root" is now capable of switching root
487 more than once. I.e. in addition to transitions from the
488 initrd to the host OS it is now possible to transition to
489 further OS images from the host. This is useful to implement
490 offline updating tools.
492 * Various other additions have been made to the RPM macros
493 shipped with systemd. Use %udev_rules_update() after
494 installing new udev rules files. %_udevhwdbdir,
495 %_udevrulesdir, %_journalcatalogdir, %_tmpfilesdir,
496 %_sysctldir are now available which resolve to the right
497 directories for packages to place various data files in.
499 * journalctl gained the new --full switch (in addition to
500 --all, to disable ellipsation for long messages.
502 Contributions from: Anders Olofsson, Auke Kok, Ben Boeckel,
503 Colin Walters, Cosimo Cecchi, Daniel Wallace, Dave Reisner,
504 Eelco Dolstra, Holger Hans Peter Freyther, Kay Sievers,
505 Chun-Yi Lee, Lekensteyn, Lennart Poettering, Mantas Mikulėnas,
506 Marti Raudsepp, Martin Pitt, Mauro Dreissig, Michael Biebl,
507 Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Miklos Vajna, Nis Martensen,
508 Oleksii Shevchuk, Olivier Brunel, Ramkumar Ramachandra, Thomas
509 Bächler, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen, Tony
510 Camuso, Umut Tezduyar, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
514 * journalctl gained new --since= and --until= switches to
515 filter by time. It also now supports nice filtering for
516 units via --unit=/-u.
518 * Type=oneshot services may use ExecReload= and do the
521 * The journal daemon now supports time-based rotation and
522 vacuuming, in addition to the usual disk-space based
525 * The journal will now index the available field values for
526 each field name. This enables clients to show pretty drop
527 downs of available match values when filtering. The bash
528 completion of journalctl has been updated
529 accordingly. journalctl gained a new switch -F to list all
530 values a certain field takes in the journal database.
532 * More service events are now written as structured messages
533 to the journal, and made recognizable via message IDs.
535 * The timedated, localed and hostnamed mini-services which
536 previously only provided support for changing time, locale
537 and hostname settings from graphical DEs such as GNOME now
538 also have a minimal (but very useful) text-based client
539 utility each. This is probably the nicest way to changing
540 these settings from the command line now, especially since
541 it lists available options and is fully integrated with bash
544 * There's now a new tool "systemd-coredumpctl" to list and
545 extract coredumps from the journal.
547 * We now install a README each in /var/log/ and
548 /etc/rc.d/init.d explaining where the system logs and init
549 scripts went. This hopefully should help folks who go to
550 that dirs and look into the otherwise now empty void and
553 * When user-services are invoked (by systemd --user) the
554 $MANAGERPID env var is set to the PID of systemd.
556 * SIGRTMIN+24 when sent to a --user instance will now result
557 in immediate termination of systemd.
559 * gatewayd received numerous feature additions such as a
560 "follow" mode, for live syncing and filtering.
562 * browse.html now allows filtering and showing detailed
563 information on specific entries. Keyboard navigation and
564 mouse screen support has been added.
566 * gatewayd/journalctl now supports HTML5/JSON
567 Server-Sent-Events as output.
569 * The SysV init script compatibility logic will now
570 heuristically determine whether a script supports the
571 "reload" verb, and only then make this available as
574 * "systemctl status --follow" has been removed, use "journalctl
577 * journald.conf's RuntimeMinSize=, PersistentMinSize= settings
578 have been removed since they are hardly useful to be
581 * And I'd like to take the opportunity to specifically mention
582 Zbigniew for his great contributions. Zbigniew, you rock!
584 Contributions from: Andrew Eikum, Christian Hesse, Colin
585 Guthrie, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner, Eelco Dolstra, Ferenc
586 Wágner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas
587 Mikulėnas, Martin Mikkelsen, Martin Pitt, Michael Olbrich,
588 Michael Stapelberg, Michal Schmidt, Sebastian Ott, Thomas
589 Bächler, Umut Tezduyar, Will Woods, Wulf C. Krueger, Zbigniew
590 Jędrzejewski-Szmek, Сковорода Никита Андреевич
594 * If /etc/vconsole.conf is non-existent or empty we will no
595 longer load any console font or key map at boot by
596 default. Instead the kernel defaults will be left
597 intact. This is definitely the right thing to do, as no
598 configuration should mean no configuration, and hard-coding
599 font names that are different on all archs is probably a bad
600 idea. Also, the kernel default key map and font should be
601 good enough for most cases anyway, and mostly identical to
602 the userspace fonts/key maps we previously overloaded them
603 with. If distributions want to continue to default to a
604 non-kernel font or key map they should ship a default
605 /etc/vconsole.conf with the appropriate contents.
607 Contributions from: Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave
608 Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Tollef
609 Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
613 * journalctl gained a new --cursor= switch to show entries
614 starting from the specified location in the journal.
616 * We now enforce a size limit on journal entry fields exported
617 with "-o json" in journalctl. Fields larger than 4K will be
618 assigned null. This can be turned off with --all.
620 * An (optional) journal gateway daemon is now available as
621 "systemd-journal-gatewayd.service". This service provides
622 access to the journal via HTTP and JSON. This functionality
623 will be used to implement live log synchronization in both
624 pull and push modes, but has various other users too, such
625 as easy log access for debugging of embedded devices. Right
626 now it is already useful to retrieve the journal via HTTP:
628 # systemctl start systemd-journal-gatewayd.service
629 # wget http://localhost:19531/entries
631 This will download the journal contents in a
632 /var/log/messages compatible format. The same as JSON:
634 # curl -H"Accept: application/json" http://localhost:19531/entries
636 This service is also accessible via a web browser where a
637 single static HTML5 app is served that uses the JSON logic
638 to enable the user to do some basic browsing of the
639 journal. This will be extended later on. Here's an example
640 screenshot of this app in its current state:
642 http://0pointer.de/public/journal-gatewayd
644 Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Robert
645 Milasan, Tom Gundersen
649 * The bash completion logic is now available for journalctl
652 * We don't mount the "cpuset" controller anymore together with
653 "cpu" and "cpuacct", as "cpuset" groups generally cannot be
654 started if no parameters are assigned to it. "cpuset" hence
655 broke code that assumed it it could create "cpu" groups and
658 * journalctl -f will now subscribe to terminal size changes,
659 and line break accordingly.
661 Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lennart
662 Poettering, Lukas Nykrynm, Mirco Tischler, Václav Pavlín
666 * nspawn will now create a symlink /etc/localtime in the
667 container environment, copying the host's timezone
668 setting. Previously this has been done via a bind mount, but
669 since symlinks cannot be bind mounted this has now been
670 changed to create/update the appropriate symlink.
672 * journalctl -n's line number argument is now optional, and
673 will default to 10 if omitted.
675 * journald will now log the maximum size the journal files may
676 take up on disk. This is particularly useful if the default
677 built-in logic of determining this parameter from the file
678 system size is used. Use "systemctl status
679 systemd-journald.service" to see this information.
681 * The multi-seat X wrapper tool has been stripped down. As X
682 is now capable of enumerating graphics devices via udev in a
683 seat-aware way the wrapper is not strictly necessary
684 anymore. A stripped down temporary stop-gap is still shipped
685 until the upstream display managers have been updated to
686 fully support the new X logic. Expect this wrapper to be
687 removed entirely in one of the next releases.
689 * HandleSleepKey= in logind.conf has been split up into
690 HandleSuspendKey= and HandleHibernateKey=. The old setting
691 is not available anymore. X11 and the kernel are
692 distuingishing between these keys and we should too. This
693 also means the inhibition lock for these keys has been split
696 Contributions from: Dave Airlie, Eelco Dolstra, Lennart
697 Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Václav Pavlín
701 * Whenever a unit changes state we'll now log this to the
702 journal and show along the unit's own log output in
705 * ConditionPathIsMountPoint= can now properly detect bind
706 mount points too. (Previously, a bind mount of one file
707 system to another place in the same file system could not be
708 detected as mount, since they shared struct stat's st_dev
711 * We will now mount the cgroup controllers cpu, cpuacct,
712 cpuset and the controllers net_cls, net_prio together by
715 * nspawn containers will now have a virtualized boot
716 ID. (i.e. /proc/sys/kernel/random/boot_id is now mounted
717 over with a randomized ID at container initialization). This
718 has the effect of making "journalctl -b" do the right thing
721 * The JSON output journal serialization has been updated not
722 to generate "endless" list objects anymore, but rather one
723 JSON object per line. This is more in line how most JSON
724 parsers expect JSON objects. The new output mode
725 "json-pretty" has been added to provide similar output, but
726 neatly aligned for readability by humans.
728 * We dropped all explicit sync() invocations in the shutdown
729 code. The kernel does this implicitly anyway in the kernel
730 reboot() syscall. halt(8)'s -n option is now a compatibility
733 * We now support virtualized reboot() in containers, as
734 supported by newer kernels. We will fall back to exit() if
735 CAP_SYS_REBOOT is not available to the container. Also,
736 nspawn makes use of this now and will actually reboot the
737 container if the containerized OS asks for that.
739 * journalctl will only show local log output by default
740 now. Use --merge (-m) to show remote log output, too.
742 * libsystemd-journal gained the new sd_journal_get_usage()
743 call to determine the current disk usage of all journal
744 files. This is exposed in the new "journalctl --disk-usage"
747 * journald gained a new configuration setting SplitMode= in
748 journald.conf which may be used to control how user journals
749 are split off. See journald.conf(5) for details.
751 * A new condition type ConditionFileNotEmpty= has been added.
753 * tmpfiles' "w" lines now support file globbing, to write
754 multiple files at once.
756 * We added Python bindings for the journal submission
757 APIs. More Python APIs for a number of selected APIs will
758 likely follow. Note that we intend to add native bindings
759 only for the Python language, as we consider it common
760 enough to deserve bindings shipped within systemd. There are
761 various projects outside of systemd that provide bindings
762 for languages such as PHP or Lua.
764 * Many conditions will now resolve specifiers such as %i. In
765 addition, PathChanged= and related directives of .path units
766 now support specifiers as well.
768 * There's now a new RPM macro definition for the system preset
771 * journald will now warn if it can't foward a message to the
772 syslog daemon because it's socket is full.
774 * timedated will no longer write or process /etc/timezone,
775 except on Debian. As we do not support late mounted /usr
776 anymore /etc/localtime always being a symlink is now safe,
777 and hence the information in /etc/timezone is not necessary
780 * logind will now always reserve one VT for a text getty (VT6
781 by default). Previously if more than 6 X sessions where
782 started they took up all the VTs with auto-spawned gettys,
783 so that no text gettys were available anymore.
785 * udev will now automatically inform the btrfs kernel logic
786 about btrfs RAID components showing up. This should make
787 simple hotplug based btrfs RAID assembly work.
789 * PID 1 will now increase its RLIMIT_NOFILE to 64K by default
790 (but not for its children which will stay at the kernel
791 default). This should allow setups with a lot more listening
794 * systemd will now always pass the configured timezone to the
795 kernel at boot. timedated will do the same when the timezone
798 * logind's inhibition logic has been updated. By default,
799 logind will now handle the lid switch, the power and sleep
800 keys all the time, even in graphical sessions. If DEs want
801 to handle these events on their own they should take the new
802 handle-power-key, handle-sleep-key and handle-lid-switch
803 inhibitors during their runtime. A simple way to achiveve
804 that is to invoke the DE wrapped in an invocation of:
806 systemd-inhibit --what=handle-power-key:handle-sleep-key:handle-lid-switch ...
808 * Access to unit operations is now checked via SELinux taking
809 the unit file label and client process label into account.
811 * systemd will now notify the administrator in the journal
812 when he over-mounts a non-empty directory.
814 * There are new specifiers that are resolved in unit files,
815 for the host name (%H), the machine ID (%m) and the boot ID
818 Contributions from: Allin Cottrell, Auke Kok, Brandon Philips,
819 Colin Guthrie, Colin Walters, Daniel J Walsh, Dave Reisner,
820 Eelco Dolstra, Jan Engelhardt, Kay Sievers, Lennart
821 Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Lukas Nykryn, Mantas Mikulėnas,
822 Martin Pitt, Matthias Clasen, Michael Olbrich, Pierre Schmitz,
823 Shawn Landden, Thomas Hindoe Paaboel Andersen, Tom Gundersen,
824 Václav Pavlín, Yin Kangkai, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
828 * Support for reading structured kernel messages from
829 /dev/kmsg has now been added and is enabled by default.
831 * Support for reading kernel messages from /proc/kmsg has now
832 been removed. If you want kernel messages in the journal
833 make sure to run a recent kernel (>= 3.5) that supports
834 reading structured messages from /dev/kmsg (see
835 above). /proc/kmsg is now exclusive property of classic
836 syslog daemons again.
838 * The libudev API gained the new
839 udev_device_new_from_device_id() call.
841 * The logic for file system namespace (ReadOnlyDirectory=,
842 ReadWriteDirectoy=, PrivateTmp=) has been reworked not to
843 require pivot_root() anymore. This means fewer temporary
844 directories are created below /tmp for this feature.
846 * nspawn containers will now see and receive all submounts
847 made on the host OS below the root file system of the
850 * Forward Secure Sealing is now supported for Journal files,
851 which provide cryptographical sealing of journal files so
852 that attackers cannot alter log history anymore without this
853 being detectable. Lennart will soon post a blog story about
854 this explaining it in more detail.
856 * There are two new service settings RestartPreventExitStatus=
857 and SuccessExitStatus= which allow configuration of exit
858 status (exit code or signal) which will be excepted from the
859 restart logic, resp. consider successful.
861 * journalctl gained the new --verify switch that can be used
862 to check the integrity of the structure of journal files and
863 (if Forward Secure Sealing is enabled) the contents of
866 * nspawn containers will now be run with /dev/stdin, /dev/fd/
867 and similar symlinks pre-created. This makes running shells
868 as container init process a lot more fun.
870 * The fstab support can now handle PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL=
873 * A new ConditionHost= condition has been added to match
874 against the hostname (with globs) and machine ID. This is
875 useful for clusters where a single OS image is used to
876 provision a large number of hosts which shall run slightly
877 different sets of services.
879 * Services which hit the restart limit will now be placed in a
882 Contributions from: Bertram Poettering, Dave Reisner, Huang
883 Hang, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Lukas Nykryn, Martin
884 Pitt, Simon Peeters, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
888 * When running in --user mode systemd will now become a
889 subreaper (PR_SET_CHILD_SUBREAPER). This should make the ps
890 tree a lot more organized.
892 * A new PartOf= unit dependency type has been introduced that
893 may be used to group services in a natural way.
895 * "systemctl enable" may now be used to enable instances of
898 * journalctl now prints error log levels in red, and
899 warning/notice log levels in bright white. It also supports
900 filtering by log level now.
902 * cgtop gained a new -n switch (similar to top), to configure
903 the maximum number of iterations to run for. It also gained
904 -b, to run in batch mode (accepting no input).
906 * The suffix ".service" may now be ommited on most systemctl
907 command lines involving service unit names.
909 * There's a new bus call in logind to lock all sessions, as
910 well as a loginctl verb for it "lock-sessions".
912 * libsystemd-logind.so gained a new call sd_journal_perror()
913 that works similar to libc perror() but logs to the journal
914 and encodes structured information about the error number.
916 * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-size=
919 * shutdown(8) now can send a (configurable) wall message when
920 a shutdown is cancelled.
922 * The mount propagation mode for the root file system will now
923 default to "shared", which is useful to make containers work
924 nicely out-of-the-box so that they receive new mounts from
925 the host. This can be undone locally by running "mount
926 --make-rprivate /" if needed.
928 * The prefdm.service file has been removed. Distributions
929 should maintain this unit downstream if they intend to keep
930 it around. However, we recommend writing normal unit files
931 for display managers instead.
933 * Since systemd is a crucial part of the OS we will now
934 default to a number of compiler switches that improve
935 security (hardening) such as read-only relocations, stack
936 protection, and suchlike.
938 * The TimeoutSec= setting for services is now split into
939 TimeoutStartSec= and TimeoutStopSec= to allow configuration
940 of individual time outs for the start and the stop phase of
943 Contributions from: Artur Zaprzala, Arvydas Sidorenko, Auke
944 Kok, Bryan Kadzban, Dave Reisner, David Strauss, Harald Hoyer,
945 Jim Meyering, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Mantas
946 Mikulėnas, Martin Pitt, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Peter
947 Alfredsen, Shawn Landden, Simon Peeters, Terence Honles, Tom
948 Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek
952 * The journal and id128 C APIs are now fully documented as man
955 * Extra safety checks have been added when transitioning from
956 the initial RAM disk to the main system to avoid accidental
959 * /etc/crypttab entries now understand the new keyfile-offset=
962 * systemctl -t can now be used to filter by unit load state.
964 * The journal C API gained the new sd_journal_wait() call to
965 make writing synchronous journal clients easier.
967 * journalctl gained the new -D switch to show journals from a
970 * journalctl now displays a special marker between log
971 messages of two different boots.
973 * The journal is now explicitly flushed to /var via a service
974 systemd-journal-flush.service, rather than implicitly simply
975 by seeing /var/log/journal to be writable.
977 * journalctl (and the journal C APIs) can now match for much
978 more complex expressions, with alternatives and
981 * When transitioning from the initial RAM disk to the main
982 system we will now kill all processes in a killing spree to
983 ensure no processes stay around by accident.
985 * Three new specifiers may be used in unit files: %u, %h, %s
986 resolve to the user name, user home directory resp. user
987 shell. This is useful for running systemd user instances.
989 * We now automatically rotate journal files if their data
990 object hash table gets a fill level > 75%. We also size the
991 hash table based on the configured maximum file size. This
992 together should lower hash collisions drastically and thus
993 speed things up a bit.
995 * journalctl gained the new "--header" switch to introspect
996 header data of journal files.
998 * A new setting SystemCallFilters= has been added to services
999 which may be used to apply blacklists or whitelists to
1000 system calls. This is based on SECCOMP Mode 2 of Linux 3.5.
1002 * nspawn gained a new --link-journal= switch (and quicker: -j)
1003 to link the container journal with the host. This makes it
1004 very easy to centralize log viewing on the host for all
1005 guests while still keeping the journal files separated.
1007 * Many bugfixes and optimizations
1009 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Eelco Dolstra, Harald Hoyer, Kay
1010 Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Paul Menzel, Rex
1011 Tsai, Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen, Ville Skyttä, Zbigniew
1016 * Several tools now understand kernel command line arguments,
1017 which are only read when run in an initial RAM disk. They
1018 usually follow closely their normal counterparts, but are
1021 * There's a new tool to analyze the readahead files that are
1022 automatically generated at boot. Use:
1024 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-readahead analyze /.readahead
1026 * We now provide an early debug shell on tty9 if this enabled. Use:
1028 systemctl enable debug-shell.service
1030 * All plymouth related units have been moved into the Plymouth
1031 package. Please make sure to upgrade your Plymouth version
1034 * systemd-tmpfiles now supports getting passed the basename of
1035 a configuration file only, in which case it will look for it
1036 in all appropriate directories automatically.
1038 * udevadm info now takes a /dev or /sys path as argument, and
1039 does the right thing. Example:
1041 udevadm info /dev/sda
1042 udevadm info /sys/class/block/sda
1044 * systemctl now prints a warning if a unit is stopped but a
1045 unit that might trigger it continues to run. Example: a
1046 service is stopped but the socket that activates it is left
1049 * "systemctl status" will now mention if the log output was
1050 shortened due to rotation since a service has been started.
1052 * The journal API now exposes functions to determine the
1053 "cutoff" times due to rotation.
1055 * journald now understands SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2 for triggering
1056 immediately flushing of runtime logs to /var if possible,
1057 resp. for triggering immediate rotation of the journal
1060 * It is now considered an error if a service is attempted to
1061 be stopped that is not loaded.
1063 * XDG_RUNTIME_DIR now uses numeric UIDs instead of usernames.
1065 * systemd-analyze now supports Python 3
1067 * tmpfiles now supports cleaning up directories via aging
1068 where the first level dirs are always kept around but
1069 directories beneath it automatically aged. This is enabled
1070 by prefixing the age field with '~'.
1072 * Seat objects now expose CanGraphical, CanTTY properties
1073 which is required to deal with very fast bootups where the
1074 display manager might be running before the graphics drivers
1075 completed initialization.
1077 * Seat objects now expose a State property.
1079 * We now include RPM macros for service enabling/disabling
1080 based on the preset logic. We recommend RPM based
1081 distributions to make use of these macros if possible. This
1082 makes it simpler to reuse RPM spec files across
1085 * We now make sure that the collected systemd unit name is
1086 always valid when services log to the journal via
1089 * There's a new man page kernel-command-line(7) detailing all
1090 command line options we understand.
1092 * The fstab generator may now be disabled at boot by passing
1093 fstab=0 on the kernel command line.
1095 * A new kernel command line option modules-load= is now understood
1096 to load a specific kernel module statically, early at boot.
1098 * Unit names specified on the systemctl command line are now
1099 automatically escaped as needed. Also, if file system or
1100 device paths are specified they are automatically turned
1101 into the appropriate mount or device unit names. Example:
1103 systemctl status /home
1104 systemctl status /dev/sda
1106 * The SysVConsole= configuration option has been removed from
1107 system.conf parsing.
1109 * The SysV search path is no longer exported on the D-Bus
1112 * The Names= option is been removed from unit file parsing.
1114 * There's a new man page bootup(7) detailing the boot process.
1116 * Every unit and every generator we ship with systemd now
1117 comes with full documentation. The self-explanatory boot is
1120 * A couple of services gained "systemd-" prefixes in their
1121 name if they wrap systemd code, rather than only external
1122 code. Among them fsck@.service which is now
1123 systemd-fsck@.service.
1125 * The HaveWatchdog property has been removed from the D-Bus
1128 * systemd.confirm_spawn= on the kernel command line should now
1131 * There's a new man page crypttab(5) which details all options
1132 we actually understand.
1134 * systemd-nspawn gained a new --capability= switch to pass
1135 additional capabilities to the container.
1137 * timedated will now read known NTP implementation unit names
1138 from /usr/lib/systemd/ntp-units.d/*.list,
1139 systemd-timedated-ntp.target has been removed.
1141 * journalctl gained a new switch "-b" that lists log data of
1142 the current boot only.
1144 * The notify socket is in the abstract namespace again, in
1145 order to support daemons which chroot() at start-up.
1147 * There is a new Storage= configuration option for journald
1148 which allows configuration of where log data should go. This
1149 also provides a way to disable journal logging entirely, so
1150 that data collected is only forwarded to the console, the
1151 kernel log buffer or another syslog implementation.
1153 * Many bugfixes and optimizations
1155 Contributions from: Auke Kok, Colin Guthrie, Dave Reisner,
1156 David Strauss, Eelco Dolstra, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering,
1157 Lukas Nykryn, Michal Schmidt, Michal Sekletar, Paul Menzel,
1158 Shawn Landden, Tom Gundersen
1162 * "systemctl help <unit>" now shows the man page if one is
1165 * Several new man pages have been added.
1167 * MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=,
1168 MaxLevelConsole= can now be specified in
1169 journald.conf. These options allow reducing the amount of
1170 data stored on disk or forwarded by the log level.
1172 * TimerSlackNSec= can now be specified in system.conf for
1173 PID1. This allows system-wide power savings.
1175 Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Kay Sievers, Lauri Kasanen,
1176 Lennart Poettering, Malte Starostik, Marc-Antoine Perennou,
1181 * logind is now capable of (optionally) handling power and
1182 sleep keys as well as the lid switch.
1184 * journalctl now understands the syntax "journalctl
1185 /usr/bin/avahi-daemon" to get all log output of a specific
1188 * CapabilityBoundingSet= in system.conf now also influences
1189 the capability bound set of usermode helpers of the kernel.
1191 Contributions from: Daniel Drake, Daniel J. Walsh, Gert
1192 Michael Kulyk, Harald Hoyer, Jean Delvare, Kay Sievers,
1193 Lennart Poettering, Matthew Garrett, Matthias Clasen, Paul
1194 Menzel, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Tom Gundersen
1198 * Note that we skipped 139 releases here in order to set the
1199 new version to something that is greater than both udev's
1200 and systemd's most recent version number.
1202 * udev: all udev sources are merged into the systemd source tree now.
1203 All future udev development will happen in the systemd tree. It
1204 is still fully supported to use the udev daemon and tools without
1205 systemd running, like in initramfs or other init systems. Building
1206 udev though, will require the *build* of the systemd tree, but
1207 udev can be properly *run* without systemd.
1209 * udev: /lib/udev/devices/ are not read anymore; systemd-tmpfiles
1210 should be used to create dead device nodes as workarounds for broken
1213 * udev: RUN+="socket:..." and udev_monitor_new_from_socket() is
1214 no longer supported. udev_monitor_new_from_netlink() needs to be
1215 used to subscribe to events.
1217 * udev: when udevd is started by systemd, processes which are left
1218 behind by forking them off of udev rules, are unconditionally cleaned
1219 up and killed now after the event handling has finished. Services or
1220 daemons must be started as systemd services. Services can be
1221 pulled-in by udev to get started, but they can no longer be directly
1222 forked by udev rules.
1224 * udev: the daemon binary is called systemd-udevd now and installed
1225 in /usr/lib/systemd/. Standalone builds or non-systemd systems need
1226 to adapt to that, create symlink, or rename the binary after building
1229 * libudev no longer provides these symbols:
1230 udev_monitor_from_socket()
1231 udev_queue_get_failed_list_entry()
1232 udev_get_{dev,sys,run}_path()
1233 The versions number was bumped and symbol versioning introduced.
1235 * systemd-loginctl and systemd-journalctl have been renamed
1236 to loginctl and journalctl to match systemctl.
1238 * The config files: /etc/systemd/systemd-logind.conf and
1239 /etc/systemd/systemd-journald.conf have been renamed to
1240 logind.conf and journald.conf. Package updates should rename
1241 the files to the new names on upgrade.
1243 * For almost all files the license is now LGPL2.1+, changed
1244 from the previous GPL2.0+. Exceptions are some minor stuff
1245 of udev (which will be changed to LGPL2.1 eventually, too),
1246 and the MIT licensed sd-daemon.[ch] library that is suitable
1247 to be used as drop-in files.
1249 * systemd and logind now handle system sleep states, in
1250 particular suspending and hibernating.
1252 * logind now implements a sleep/shutdown/idle inhibiting logic
1253 suitable for a variety of uses. Soonishly Lennart will blog
1254 about this in more detail.
1256 * var-run.mount and var-lock.mount are no longer provided
1257 (which prevously bind mounted these directories to their new
1258 places). Distributions which have not converted these
1259 directories to symlinks should consider stealing these files
1260 from git history and add them downstream.
1262 * We introduced the Documentation= field for units and added
1263 this to all our shipped units. This is useful to make it
1264 easier to explore the boot and the purpose of the various
1267 * All smaller setup units (such as
1268 systemd-vconsole-setup.service) now detect properly if they
1269 are run in a container and are skipped when
1270 appropriate. This guarantees an entirely noise-free boot in
1271 Linux container environments such as systemd-nspawn.
1273 * A framework for implementing offline system updates is now
1274 integrated, for details see:
1275 http://freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/SystemUpdates
1277 * A new service type Type=idle is available now which helps us
1278 avoiding ugly interleaving of getty output and boot status
1281 * There's now a system-wide CapabilityBoundingSet= option to
1282 globally reduce the set of capabilities for the
1283 system. This is useful to drop CAP_SYS_MKNOD, CAP_SYS_RAWIO,
1284 CAP_NET_RAW, CAP_SYS_MODULE, CAP_SYS_TIME, CAP_SYS_PTRACE or
1285 even CAP_NET_ADMIN system-wide for secure systems.
1287 * There are now system-wide DefaultLimitXXX= options to
1288 globally change the defaults of the various resource limits
1289 for all units started by PID 1.
1291 * Harald Hoyer's systemd test suite has been integrated into
1292 systemd which allows easy testing of systemd builds in qemu
1293 and nspawn. (This is really awesome! Ask us for details!)
1295 * The fstab parser is now implemented as generator, not inside
1298 * systemctl will now warn you if .mount units generated from
1299 /etc/fstab are out of date due to changes in fstab that
1300 haven't been read by systemd yet.
1302 * systemd is now suitable for usage in initrds. Dracut has
1303 already been updated to make use of this. With this in place
1304 initrds get a slight bit faster but primarily are much
1305 easier to introspect and debug since "systemctl status" in
1306 the host system can be used to introspect initrd services,
1307 and the journal from the initrd is kept around too.
1309 * systemd-delta has been added, a tool to explore differences
1310 between user/admin configuration and vendor defaults.
1312 * PrivateTmp= now affects both /tmp and /var/tmp.
1314 * Boot time status messages are now much prettier and feature
1315 proper english language. Booting up systemd has never been
1318 * Read-ahead pack files now include the inode number of all
1319 files to pre-cache. When the inode changes the pre-caching
1320 is not attempted. This should be nicer to deal with updated
1321 packages which might result in changes of read-ahead
1324 * We now temporaritly lower the kernel's read_ahead_kb variable
1325 when collecting read-ahead data to ensure the kernel's
1326 built-in read-ahead does not add noise to our measurements
1327 of necessary blocks to pre-cache.
1329 * There's now RequiresMountsFor= to add automatic dependencies
1330 for all mounts necessary for a specific file system path.
1332 * MountAuto= and SwapAuto= have been removed from
1333 system.conf. Mounting file systems at boot has to take place
1336 * nspawn now learned a new switch --uuid= to set the machine
1337 ID on the command line.
1339 * nspawn now learned the -b switch to automatically search
1342 * vt102 is now the default TERM for serial TTYs, upgraded from
1345 * systemd-logind now works on VT-less systems.
1347 * The build tree has been reorganized. The individual
1348 components now have directories of their own.
1350 * A new condition type ConditionPathIsReadWrite= is now available.
1352 * nspawn learned the new -C switch to create cgroups for the
1353 container in other hierarchies.
1355 * We now have support for hardware watchdogs, configurable in
1358 * The scheduled shutdown logic now has a public API.
1360 * We now mount /tmp as tmpfs by default, but this can be
1361 masked and /etc/fstab can override it.
1363 * Since udisks doesn't make use of /media anymore we are not
1364 mounting a tmpfs on it anymore.
1366 * journalctl gained a new --local switch to only interleave
1367 locally generated journal files.
1369 * We can now load the IMA policy at boot automatically.
1371 * The GTK tools have been split off into a systemd-ui.
1373 Contributions from: Andreas Schwab, Auke Kok, Ayan George,
1374 Colin Guthrie, Daniel Mack, Dave Reisner, David Ward, Elan
1375 Ruusamäe, Frederic Crozat, Gergely Nagy, Guillermo Vidal,
1376 Hannes Reinecke, Harald Hoyer, Javier Jardón, Kay Sievers,
1377 Lennart Poettering, Lucas De Marchi, Léo Gillot-Lamure,
1378 Marc-Antoine Perennou, Martin Pitt, Matthew Monaco, Maxim
1379 A. Mikityanskiy, Michael Biebl, Michael Olbrich, Michal
1380 Schmidt, Nis Martensen, Patrick McCarty, Roberto Sassu, Shawn
1381 Landden, Sjoerd Simons, Sven Anders, Tollef Fog Heen, Tom
1386 * This is mostly a bugfix release
1388 * Support optional initialization of the machine ID from the
1389 KVM or container configured UUID.
1391 * Support immediate reboots with "systemctl reboot -ff"
1393 * Show /etc/os-release data in systemd-analyze output
1395 * Many bugfixes for the journal, including endianess fixes and
1396 ensuring that disk space enforcement works
1398 * sd-login.h is C++ comptaible again
1400 * Extend the /etc/os-release format on request of the Debian
1403 * We now refuse non-UTF8 strings used in various configuration
1404 and unit files. This is done to ensure we don't pass invalid
1405 data over D-Bus or expose it elsewhere.
1407 * Register Mimo USB Screens as suitable for automatic seat
1410 * Read SELinux client context from journal clients in a race
1413 * Reorder configuration file lookup order. /etc now always
1414 overrides /run in order to allow the administrator to always
1415 and unconditionally override vendor supplied or
1416 automatically generated data.
1418 * The various user visible bits of the journal now have man
1419 pages. We still lack man pages for the journal API calls
1422 * We now ship all man pages in HTML format again in the
1425 Contributions from: Dave Reisner, Dirk Eibach, Frederic
1426 Crozat, Harald Hoyer, Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Marti
1427 Raudsepp, Michal Schmidt, Shawn Landden, Tero Roponen, Thierry
1432 * This is mostly a bugfix release
1434 * systems lacking /etc/os-release are no longer supported.
1436 * Various functionality updates to libsystemd-login.so
1438 * Track class of PAM logins to distuingish greeters from
1441 Contributions from: Kay Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael
1446 * This is an important bugfix release for v41.
1448 * Building man pages is now optional which should be useful
1449 for those building systemd from git but unwilling to install
1452 * Watchdog support for supervising services is now usable. In
1453 a future release support for hardware watchdogs
1454 (i.e. /dev/watchdog) will be added building on this.
1456 * Service start rate limiting is now configurable and can be
1457 turned off per service. When a start rate limit is hit a
1458 reboot can automatically be triggered.
1460 * New CanReboot(), CanPowerOff() bus calls in systemd-logind.
1462 Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Bill Nottingham,
1463 Frederic Crozat, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal
1464 Schmidt, Michał Górny, Piotr Drąg
1468 * The systemd binary is installed /usr/lib/systemd/systemd now;
1469 An existing /sbin/init symlink needs to be adapted with the
1472 * The code that loads kernel modules has been ported to invoke
1473 libkmod directly, instead of modprobe. This means we do not
1474 support systems with module-init-tools anymore.
1476 * Watchdog support is now already useful, but still not
1479 * A new kernel command line option systemd.setenv= is
1480 understood to set system wide environment variables
1481 dynamically at boot.
1483 * We now limit the set of capabilities of systemd-journald.
1485 * We now set SIGPIPE to ignore by default, since it only is
1486 useful in shell pipelines, and has little use in general
1487 code. This can be disabled with IgnoreSIPIPE=no in unit
1490 Contributions from: Benjamin Franzke, Kay Sievers, Lennart
1491 Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt, Tom Gundersen,
1496 * This is mostly a bugfix release
1498 * We now expose the reason why a service failed in the
1499 "Result" D-Bus property.
1501 * Rudimentary service watchdog support (will be completed over
1502 the next few releases.)
1504 * When systemd forks off in order execute some service we will
1505 now immediately changes its argv[0] to reflect which process
1506 it will execute. This is useful to minimize the time window
1507 with a generic argv[0], which makes bootcharts more useful
1509 Contributions from: Alvaro Soliverez, Chris Paulson-Ellis, Kay
1510 Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Olbrich, Michal Schmidt,
1511 Mike Kazantsev, Ray Strode
1515 * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
1518 * New systemd-cgtop tool to show control groups by their
1521 * Linking against libacl for ACLs is optional again. If
1522 disabled, support tracking device access for active logins
1523 goes becomes unavailable, and so does access to the user
1524 journals by the respective users.
1526 * If a group "adm" exists, journal files are automatically
1527 owned by them, thus allow members of this group full access
1528 to the system journal as well as all user journals.
1530 * The journal now stores the SELinux context of the logging
1531 client for all entries.
1533 * Add C++ inclusion guards to all public headers
1535 * New output mode "cat" in the journal to print only text
1536 messages, without any meta data like date or time.
1538 * Include tiny X server wrapper as a temporary stop-gap to
1539 teach XOrg udev display enumeration. This is used by display
1540 managers such as gdm, and will go away as soon as XOrg
1541 learned native udev hotplugging for display devices.
1543 * Add new systemd-cat tool for executing arbitrary programs
1544 with STDERR/STDOUT connected to the journal. Can also act as
1545 BSD logger replacement, and does so by default.
1547 * Optionally store all locally generated coredumps in the
1548 journal along with meta data.
1550 * systemd-tmpfiles learnt four new commands: n, L, c, b, for
1551 writing short strings to files (for usage for /sys), and for
1552 creating symlinks, character and block device nodes.
1554 * New unit file option ControlGroupPersistent= to make cgroups
1555 persistent, following the mechanisms outlined in
1556 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/PaxControlGroups
1558 * Support multiple local RTCs in a sane way
1560 * No longer monopolize IO when replaying readahead data on
1561 rotating disks, since we might starve non-file-system IO to
1562 death, since fanotify() will not see accesses done by blkid,
1565 * Don't show kernel threads in systemd-cgls anymore, unless
1566 requested with new -k switch.
1568 Contributions from: Dan Horák, Kay Sievers, Lennart
1569 Poettering, Michal Schmidt
1573 * This is mostly a test release, but incorporates many
1576 * The git repository moved to:
1577 git://anongit.freedesktop.org/systemd/systemd
1578 ssh://git.freedesktop.org/git/systemd/systemd
1580 * First release with the journal
1581 http://0pointer.de/blog/projects/the-journal.html
1583 * The journal replaces both systemd-kmsg-syslogd and
1584 systemd-stdout-bridge.
1586 * New sd_pid_get_unit() API call in libsystemd-logind
1588 * Many systemadm clean-ups
1590 * Introduce remote-fs-pre.target which is ordered before all
1591 remote mounts and may be used to start services before all
1594 * Added Mageia support
1596 * Add bash completion for systemd-loginctl
1598 * Actively monitor PID file creation for daemons which exit in
1599 the parent process before having finished writing the PID
1600 file in the daemon process. Daemons which do this need to be
1601 fixed (i.e. PID file creation must have finished before the
1602 parent exits), but we now react a bit more gracefully to them.
1604 * Add colourful boot output, mimicking the well-known output
1605 of existing distributions.
1607 * New option PassCredentials= for socket units, for
1608 compatibility with a recent kernel ABI breakage.
1610 * /etc/rc.local is now hooked in via a generator binary, and
1611 thus will no longer act as synchronization point during
1614 * systemctl list-unit-files now supports --root=.
1616 * systemd-tmpfiles now understands two new commands: z, Z for
1617 relabelling files according to the SELinux database. This is
1618 useful to apply SELinux labels to specific files in /sys,
1621 * Output of SysV services is now forwarded to both the console
1622 and the journal by default, not only just the console.
1624 * New man pages for all APIs from libsystemd-login.
1626 * The build tree got reorganized and a the build system is a
1627 lot more modular allowing embedded setups to specifically
1628 select the components of systemd they are interested in.
1630 * Support for Linux systems lacking the kernel VT subsystem is
1633 * configure's --with-rootdir= got renamed to
1634 --with-rootprefix= to follow the naming used by udev and
1637 * Unless specified otherwise we'll now install to /usr instead
1638 of /usr/local by default.
1640 * Processes with '@' in argv[0][0] are now excluded from the
1641 final shut-down killing spree, following the logic explained
1643 http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/RootStorageDaemons
1645 * All processes remaining in a service cgroup when we enter
1646 the START or START_PRE states are now killed with
1647 SIGKILL. That means it is no longer possible to spawn
1648 background processes from ExecStart= lines (which was never
1649 supported anyway, and bad style).
1651 * New PropagateReloadTo=/PropagateReloadFrom= options to bind
1652 reloading of units together.
1654 Contributions from: Bill Nottingham, Daniel J. Walsh, Dave
1655 Reisner, Dexter Morgan, Gregs Gregs, Jonathan Nieder, Kay
1656 Sievers, Lennart Poettering, Michael Biebl, Michal Schmidt,
1657 Michał Górny, Ran Benita, Thomas Jarosch, Tim Waugh, Tollef
1658 Fog Heen, Tom Gundersen, Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek