9 Kernels with SYSFS_DEPRECATED=y are not supported since a while. Many users
10 depend on the current sysfs layout and the information not available in the
11 deprecated layout. All remaining support for the deprecated sysfs layout is
16 Fix for a possible endless loop in the new input_id program.
22 The option "ignore_device" does no longer exist. There is no way to
23 ignore an event, as libudev events can not be suppressed by rules.
24 It only prevented RUN keys from being executed, which results in an
25 inconsistent behavior in current setups.
27 BUS=, SYSFS{}=, ID= are long deprecated and should be SUBSYSTEM(S)=,
28 ATTR(S){}=, KERNEL(S)=. It will cause a warning once for every rule
31 The support for the deprecated IDE devices has been removed from the
32 default set of rules. Distros who still care about non-libata drivers
33 need to add the rules to the compat rules file.
35 The ID_CLASS property on input devices has been replaced by the more accurate
36 set of flags ID_INPUT_{KEYBOARD,KEY,MOUSE,TOUCHPAD,TABLET,JOYSTICK}. These are
37 determined by the new "input_id" prober now. Some devices, such as touchpads,
38 can have several classes. So if you previously had custom udev rules which e. g.
39 checked for ENV{ID_CLASS}=="kbd", you need to replace this with
40 ENV{ID_INPUT_KEYBOARD}=="?*".
46 To support DEVPATH strings larger than the maximum file name length, the
47 private udev database format has changed. If some software still reads the
48 private files in /dev/.udev/, which it shouldn't, now it's time to fix it.
49 Please do not port anything to the new format again, everything in /dev/.udev
50 is and always was private to udev, and may and will change any time without
53 Multiple devices claiming the same names in /dev are limited to symlinks
54 only now. Mixing identical symlink names and node names is not supported.
55 This reduces the amount of data in the database significantly.
57 NAME="%k" causes a warning now. It's is and always was completely superfluous.
58 It will break kernel supplied DEVNAMEs and therefore it needs to be removed
61 Most NAME= instructions got removed. Kernel 2.6.31 supplies the needed names
62 if they are not the default. To support older kernels, the NAME= rules need to
63 be added to the compat rules file.
65 Symlinks to udevadm with the old command names are no longer resolved to
68 The udev-acl tool got adopted to changes in ConsoleKit. Version 0.4.1 is
71 The option "last_rule" does no longer exist. Its use breaks too many
72 things which expect to be run from independent later rules, and is an idication
73 that something needs to be fixed properly instead.
75 The gudev API is no longer marked as experimental,
76 G_UDEV_API_IS_SUBJECT_TO_CHANGE is no longer needed. The gudev introspection
77 is enabled by default now. Various projects already depend on introspection
78 information to bind dynamic languages to the gudev interfaces.
84 The udevadm trigger "--retry-failed" option, which is replaced since quite
85 a while by "--type=failed" is removed.
87 The failed tracking was not working at all for a few releases. The RUN
88 option "ignore_error" is replaced by a "fail_event_on_error" option, and the
89 default is not to track any failing RUN executions.
91 New keymaps, new modem, hid2hci updated.
95 Fix possible crash in udevd when worker processes are busy, rules are
96 changed at the same time, and workers get killed to reload the rules.
102 Properties set with ENV{.FOO}="bar" are marked private by starting the
103 name with a '.'. They will not be stored in the database, and not be
104 exported with the event.
106 Firmware files are looked up in:
107 /lib/firmware/updates/$(uname -r)
108 /lib/firmware/updates
109 /lib/firmware/$(uname -r)
113 ATA devices switched the property from ID_BUS=scsi to ID_BUS=ata.
114 ata_id, instead of scsi_id, is the default tool now for ATA devices.
120 The configure options have changed because another library needs to be
121 installed in a different location. Instead of exec_prefix and udev_prefix,
122 libdir, rootlibdir and libexecdir are used. The Details are explained in
125 Event processes now get re-used after they handled an event. This reduces
126 the number of forks and the pressure on the CPU significantly, because
127 cloned event processes no longer cause page faults in the main daemon.
128 After the events have settled, a few worker processes stay around for
129 future events, all others get cleaned up.
131 To be able to use signalfd(), udev depends on kernel version 2.6.25 now.
132 Also inotify support is mandatory now to run udev.
134 The format of the queue exported by the udev damon has changed. There is
135 no longer a /dev/.udev/queue/ directory. The current event queue can be
136 accessed with udevadm settle and libudedv.
138 Libudev does not have the unstable API header anymore. From now on,
139 incompatible changes will be handled by bumping the library major version.
141 To build udev from the git tree gtk-doc is needed now. The tarballs will
142 build without it and contain the pre-built documentation. An online copy
144 http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/libudev/
146 The tools from the udev-extras repository have been merged into the main
147 udev repository. Some of the extras have larger external dependencies, and
148 they can be disabled with the configure switch --disable-extras.
154 The program vol_id and the library libvolume_id are removed from the
155 repository. Libvolume_id is merged with libblkid from the util-linux-ng
156 package. Persistent disk links for label and uuid depend on the
157 util-linux-ng version (2.15) of blkid now. Older versions of blkid
158 can not be used with udev.
160 Libudev allows to subscribe to udev events. To prevent unwanted messages
161 to be delivered, and waking up the subscribing process, a filter can be
162 installed, to drop messages inside a kernel socket filter. The filters
163 match on the <subsytem>:<devtype> properties of the device.
164 This is part of the ongoing effort to replace HAL, and switch current
165 users over to directly use libudev.
166 Libudev is still marked as experimental, and its interface might
167 eventually change if needed, but no major changes of the currently exported
168 interface are expected anymore, and a first stable release should happen
171 A too old kernel (2.6.21) or a kernel with CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED
172 is not supported since while and udevd will log an error message at
173 startup. It should still be able to boot-up, but advanced rules and system
174 services which depend on the information not available in the old sysfs
175 format will fail to work correctly.
177 DVB device naming is supplied by the kernel now. In case older kernels
178 need to be supported, the old shell script should be added to a compat
185 The processed udev events get send back to the netlink socket. Libudev
186 provides access to these events. This is work-in-progress, to replace
187 the DeviceKit daemon functionality directly with libudev. There are
188 upcoming kernel changes to allow non-root users to subcribe to these
195 "udevadm settle" now optionally accepts a range of events to wait for,
196 instead of waiting for "all" events.
202 The installed watch for block device metadata changes is now removed
203 during event hadling, because some (broken) tools may be called from udev
204 rules and (wrongly) open the device with write access. After the finished
205 event handling the watch is restored.
211 Device nodes can be watched for changes with inotify with OPTIONS="watch".
212 If closed after being opened for writing, a "change" uevent will occur.
213 /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid}/* symlinks will be automatically updated.
219 The udevadm test command has no longer a --force option, nodes and symlinks
220 are always updated with a test run now.
222 The udevd daemon can be started with --resolve-names=never to avoid all user
223 and group lookups (e.g. in cut-down systems) or --resolve-names=late to
224 lookup user and groups every time events are handled.
230 We are currently merging the Ubuntu rules in the udev default rules,
231 and get one step closer to provide a common Linux /dev setup, regarding
232 device names, symlinks, and default device permissions. On udev startup,
233 we now expect the following groups to be resolvable to their ids with
235 disk, cdrom, floppy, tape, audio, video, lp, tty, dialout, kmem.
236 LDAP setups need to make sure, that these groups are always resolvable at
237 bootup, with only the rootfs mounted, and without network access available.
239 Some systems may need to add some new, currently not used groups, or need
240 to add some users to new groups, but the cost of this change is minimal,
241 compared to the pain the current, rather random, differences between the
242 various distributions cause for upstream projects and third-party vendors.
244 In general, "normal" users who log into a machine should never be a member
245 of any such group, but the device-access should be managed by dynamic ACLs,
246 which get added and removed for the specific users on login/logout and
247 session activity/inactivity. These groups are only provided for custom setups,
248 and mainly system services, to allow proper privilege separation.
249 A video-streaming daemon uid would be a member of "audio" and "video", to get
250 access to the sound and video devices, but no "normal" user should ever belong
251 to the "audio" group, because he could listen to the built-in microphone with
252 any ssh-session established from the other side of the world.
254 /dev/serial/by-{id,path}/ now contains links for ttyUSB devices,
255 which do not depend on the kernel device name. As usual, unique
256 devices - only a single one per product connected, or a real
257 USB serial number in the device - are always found with the same
258 name in the by-id/ directory.
259 Completely identical devices may overwrite their names in by-id/
260 and can only be found reliably in the by-path/ directory. Devices
261 specified by by-path/ must not change their connection, like the
262 USB port number they are plugged in, to keep their name.
264 To support some advanced features, Linux 2.6.22 is the oldest supported
265 version now. The kernel config with enabled SYSFS_DEPRECATED is no longer
266 supported. Older kernels should still work, and devices nodes should be
267 reliably created, but some rules and libudev will not work correctly because
268 the old kernels do not provide the expected information or interfaces.
274 Fix for a possible segfault while swapping network interface names in udev
281 The group "video" is part of the default rules now.
285 Bugfix for kernels using SYSFS_DEPRECATED* option and finding parent
286 block devices in some cases. No common distro uses this option anymore,
287 and we do not get enough testing for this and recent udev versions. If
288 this option is not needed to run some old distro with a new kernel,
289 it should be disabled in the kernel config.
291 Bugfix for the $links substitution variable, which may crash if no links
292 are created. This should not happen in usual setups because we always
293 create /dev/{block,char}/ links.
295 The strings of the parsed rules, which are kept in memory, no longer
296 contain duplicate entries, or duplicate tails of strings. This, and the
297 new rules parsing/matching code reduces the total in-memory size of
298 a huge distro rule sets to 0.08 MB, compared to the 1.2MB of udev
301 The export of DEVTYPE=disk/partition got removed from the default
302 rules. This value is available from the kernel. The pnp shell script
303 modprobe hack is removed from the default rules. ACPI devices have _proper_
304 modalias support and take care of the same functionality.
305 Installations which support old kernels, but install current default
306 udev rules may want to add that to the compat rules file.
308 Libvolume_id now always probes for all known filesystems, and does not
309 stop at the first match. Some filesystems are marked as "exclusive probe",
310 and if any other filesytem type matches at the same time, libvolume_id
311 will, by default, not return any probing result. This is intended to prevent
312 mis-detection with conflicting left-over signatures found from earlier
313 file system formats. That way, we no longer depend on the probe-order
314 in case of multiple competing signatures. In some setups the kernel allows
315 to mount a volume with just the old filesystem signature still in place.
316 This may damage the new filesystem and cause data-loss, just by mounting
317 it. Because volume_id can not decide which one the correct signature is,
318 the wrong signatures need to be removed manually from the volume, or the
319 volume needs to be reformatted, to enable filesystem detection and possible
324 Fix segfault if compiled without optimization and dbg() does not get
325 compiled out and uses variables which are not available.
329 Bugfixes. (And maybe new bugs. :))
331 The rule matching engine got converted from a rule list to a token
332 array which reduced the in-memory rules representation of a full
333 featured distros with thousends of udev rules from 1.2MB to 0.12 MB.
334 Limits like 5 ENV and ATTR matches, and one single instance for most
335 other keys per rule are gone.
337 The NAME assignment is no longer special cased. If later rules assign
338 a NAME value again, the former value will be overwritten. As usual
339 for most other keys, the NAME value can be protected by doing a final
340 assignment with NAME:="<value>".
342 All udev code now uses libudev, which is also exported. The library
343 is still under development, marked as experimental, and its interface
344 may change as long as the DeviceKit integration is not finished.
346 Many thanks to Alan Jenkins for his continuous help, and finding and
347 optimizing some of the computing expensive parts.
353 Kernel devices and device nodes are connected now by reverse indizes in
354 /sys and /dev. A device number retrieved by a stat() or similar, the
355 kernel device directory can be found by looking up:
356 /sys/dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
357 and the device node of the same device by looking up:
358 /dev/{block,char}/<maj>:<min>
362 Fix recently introduced bug, which caused a compilation without large
363 file support, where vol_id does not recognize raid signatures at the end
366 Firewire disks now create both, by-id/scsi-* and by-id/ieee-* links.
367 Seems some kernel versions prevent the creation of the ieee-* links,
368 so people used the scsi-* link which disappeared now.
370 More libudev work. Almost all udevadm functionality comes from libudev
373 udevadm trigger has a new option --type, which allows to trigger events
374 for "devices", for "subsystems", or "failed" devices. The old option
375 --retry-failed" still works, but is no longer mentioned in the man page.
381 The udevadm info --device-id-of-file= output has changed to use
382 the obvious format. Possible current users should use the --export
383 option which is not affected.
385 The old udev commands symlinks to udevadm are not installed, if
386 these symlinks are used, a warning is printed.
392 Optical drive's media is no longer probed for raid signatures,
393 reading the end of the device causes some devices to malfunction.
394 Also the offset of the last session found is used now to probe
397 The volume_id library got a major version number update to 1,
398 some deprecated functions are removed.
400 A shared library "libudev" gets installed now to provide access
401 to udev device information. DeviceKit, the successor of HAL, will
402 need this library to access the udev database and search sysfs for
404 The library is currently in an experimental state, also the API is
405 expected to change, as long as the DeviceKit integration is not
410 We use ./configure now. See INSTALL for details. Current
413 "/usr" - prefix for man pages, include files
415 "" - the root filesystem, prefix for libs and binaries
419 "lib" - directory name for libraries, not a path name
420 multilib 64bit systems may use "lib64" instead of "lib"
422 compile-in verbose debug messages
424 disable all logging and compile-out all log strings
426 link against SELInux libraries, to set the expected context
429 In the default rules, the group "disk" gets permissions 0660 instead
430 of 0640. One small step closer to unify distro rules. Some day, all
431 distros hopefully end up with the same set of rules.
433 No symlinks to udevadm are installed anymore, if they are still needed,
434 they should be provided by the package.
440 Default udev rules, which are not supposed to be edited by the user, should
441 be placed in /lib/udev/rules.d/ now, to make it clear that they are private to
442 the udev package and will be replaced with an update. Udev will pick up rule
444 /lib/udev/rules.d/ - default installed rules
445 /etc/udev/rules.d/ - user rules + on-the-fly generated rules
446 /dev/.udev/rules.d/ - temporary non-persistent rules created after bootup
447 It does not matter in which directory a rule file lives, all files are sorted
450 To help creating /dev/root, we have now:
451 $ udevadm info --export --export-prefix="ROOT_" --device-id-of-file=/
454 In case the current --device-id-of-file is already used, please switch to
455 the --export format version, it saves the output parsing and the old
456 format will be changed to use ':' as a separator, like the format in the
461 Fix cdrom_id to properly recognize blank media.
467 Tape drive id-data is queried from /dev/bsg/* instead of the tape
468 nodes. This avoids rewinding tapes on open().
474 The symlinks udevcontrol and udevtrigger are no longer installed by
477 The scsi_id program does not depend on sysfs anymore. It can speak
478 SGv4 now, so /dev/bsg/* device nodes can be used, to query SCSI device
479 data, which should solve some old problems with tape devices, where
480 we better do not open all tape device nodes to identify the device.
486 The cdrom_id program is replaced by an advanced version, which can
487 detect most common device types, and also properties of the inserted
488 media. This is part of moving some basic functionality from HAL into
489 udev (and the kernel).
495 The last WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rule is removed from the default rules.
497 The symlinks to udevadm for the debugging tools: udevmonitor and
498 udevtest are no longer created.
500 The symlinks to the udevadm man page for the old tool names are
503 Abstract namespace sockets paths in RUN+="socket:@<path>" rules,
504 should be prefixed with '@' to indicate that the path is not a
515 Udevstart is removed from the tree, it did not get installed for
516 a long time now, and is long replaced by trigger and settle.
522 All udev tools are merged into a single binary called udevadm.
523 The old names of the tools are built-in commands in udevadm now.
524 Symlinks to udevadm, with the names of the old tools, provide
525 the same functionality as the standalone tools. There is also
526 only a single udevadm.8 man page left for all tools.
528 Tools like mkinitramfs should be checked, if they need to include
529 udevadm in the list of files.
539 The etc/udev/rules.d/ directory now contains a default set of basic
540 udev rules. This initial version is the result of a rules file merge
541 of Fedora and openSUSE. For these both distros only a few specific
542 rules are left in their own file, named after the distro. Rules which
543 are optionally installed, because they are only valid for a specific
544 architecture, or rules for subsystems which are not always used are
545 in etc/udev/packages/.
551 Dynamic rules can be created in /dev/.udev/rules.d/ to trigger
552 actions by dynamically created rules.
554 SYMLINK=="<value>" matches agains the entries in the list of
555 currently defined symlinks. The links are not created in the
556 filesystem at that point in time, but the values can be matched.
558 RUN{ignore_error}+="<program>" will ignore any exit code from the
559 program and not record as a failed event.
565 Final merge of patches/features from the Ubuntu package.
571 Control characters in filesystem label strings are no longer silenty
572 removed, but hex-encoded, to be able to uniquely identify the device
573 by its symlink in /dev/disk/by-label/.
574 If libvolume_id is used by mount(8), LABEL= will work as expected,
575 if slashes or other characters are used in the label string.
577 To test the existence of a file, TEST=="<file>" and TEST!="<file>"
578 can be specified now. The TEST key accepts an optional mode mask
579 TEST{0100}=="<is executable file>".
581 Scsi_id now supports a mode without expecting scsi-specific sysfs
582 entries to allow the extraction of cciss-device persistent properties.
588 In the future, we may see uuid's which are just simple character
589 strings (see the DDF Raid Specification). For that reason vol_id now
590 exports ID_FS_UUID_SAFE, just like ID_FS_LABEL_SAFE. For things like
591 the creation of symlinks, the *_SAFE values ensure, that no control
592 or whitespace characters are used in the filename.
594 Possible users of libvolume_id, please use the volume_id_get_* functions.
595 The public struct will go away in a future release of the library.
601 Removal of useless extras/eventrecorder.sh.
611 The directory multiplexer for dev.d/ and hotplug.d are finally removed
612 from the udev package.
618 Symlinks can have priorities now, the priority is assigned to the device
619 and specified with OPTIONS="link_priority=100". Devices with higher
620 priorities overwrite the symlinks of devices with lower priorities.
621 If the device that currently owns the link, goes away, the symlink
622 will be removed, and recreated, pointing to the next device with the
623 highest actual priority. This should make /dev/disk/by-{label,uuid,id}
624 more reliable, if multiple devices contain the same metadata and overwrite
627 The dasd_id program is removed from the udev tree, and dasdinfo, with the
628 needed rules, are part of the s390-tools now.
630 Please add KERNEL=="[0-9]*:[0-9]*" to the scsi wait-for-sysfs rule,
631 we may get the scsi sysfs mess fixed some day, and this will only catch
632 the devices we are looking for.
634 USB serial numbers for storage devices have the target:lun now appended,
635 to make it possibble to distinguish broken multi-lun devices with all
636 the same SCSI identifiers.
638 Note: The extra "run_directory" which searches and executes stuff in
639 /etc/hotplug.d/ and /etc/dev.d/ is long deprecated, and will be removed
640 with the next release. Make sure, that you don't use it anymore, or
641 provides your own implementation of that inefficient stuff.
642 We are tired of reports about a "slow udev", because these directories
643 contain stuff, that runs with _every_ event, instead of using rules,
644 that run programs only for the matching events.
654 DRIVER== will match only for devices that actually have a real
655 driver. DRIVERS== must be used, if parent devices should be
656 included in the match.
658 Libvolume_id's "linux_raid" detection needed another fix.
666 Add additional check to volume_id detection of via_raid, cause
667 some company decided to put a matching pattern all over the empty
668 storage area of their music players.
672 Fix path_id for SAS devices.
676 The udev daemon can be started with --debug-trace now, which will
677 execute all events serialized to get a chance to catch a possible
678 action that crashes the box.
680 A warning is logged, if PHYSDEV* keys, the "device" link, or a parent
681 device attribute like $attr{../file} is used, only WAIT_FOR_SYSFS rules
682 are excluded from the warning. Referencing parent attributes directly
683 may break when something in the kernel driver model changes. Udev will
684 just find the attribute by walking up the parent chain.
686 Udevtrigger now sorts the list of devices depending on the device
687 dependency, so a "usb" device is triggered after the parent "pci"
692 Revert persistent-storage ata-serial '_' '-' replacement.
698 Udevtrigger can now filter the list of devices to be triggered. Matches
699 for subsystems or sysfs attributes can be specified.
701 The entries in /dev/.udev/queue and /dev/.udev/failed have changed to
702 zero-sized files to avoid pointing to /sys and confuse broken tools which
703 scan the /dev directory. To retry failed events, udevtrigger --retry-failed
706 The rules and scripts to create udev rules for persistent network
707 devices and optical drives are in the extras/rules_generator directory
708 now. If you use something similar, please consider replacing your own
709 version with this, to share the support effort. The rule_generator
710 installs its own rules into /etc/udev/rules.d.
712 The cdrom_id tool installs its own rule now in /etc/udev/rules.d, cause
713 the rule_generator depends on cdrom_id to be called in an earlier rule.
719 Renaming of some key names (the old names still work):
720 BUS -> SUBSYSTEMS, ID -> KERNELS, SYSFS -> ATTRS, DRIVER -> DRIVERS.
721 (The behavior of the key DRIVER will change soon in one of the next
722 releases, to match only the event device, please switch to DRIVERS
723 instead. If DRIVER is used, it will behave like DRIVERS, but an error
725 With the new key names, we have a more consistent and simpler scheme.
726 We can match the properties of the event device only, with: KERNEL,
727 SUBSYSTEM, ATTR, DRIVER. Or include all the parent devices in the match,
728 with: KERNELS, SUBSYSTEMS, ATTRS, DRIVERS. ID, BUS, SYSFS, DRIVER are no
729 longer mentioned in the man page and should be switched in the rule
732 ATTR{file}="value" can be used now, to write to a sysfs file of the
733 event device. Instead of:
734 ..., SYSFS{type}=="0|7|14", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo 60 > /sys$$DEVPATH/timeout'"
736 ..., ATTR{type}=="0|7|14", ATTR{timeout}="60"
738 All the PHYSDEV* keys are deprecated and will be removed from a
740 PHYDEVPATH - is the path of a parent device and should not be
742 PHYSDEVBUS - is just a SUBSYSTEM value of a parent, and can be
743 matched with SUBSYSTEMS==
744 PHYSDEVDRIVER - for bus devices it is available as ENV{DRIVER}.
745 Newer kernels will have DRIVER in the environment,
746 for older kernels udev puts in. Class device will
747 no longer carry this property of a parent and
748 DRIVERS== can be used to match such a parent value.
749 Note that ENV{DRIVER} is only available for a few bus devices, where
750 the driver is already bound at device event time. On coldplug, the
751 events for a lot devices are already bound to a driver, and they will have
752 that value set. But on hotplug, at the time the kernel creates the device,
753 it can't know what driver may claim the device after that, therefore
754 in most cases it will be empty.
756 Failed events should now be re-triggered with:
757 udevtrigger --retry-failed.
758 Please switch to this command, so we keep the details of the /dev/.udev/failed/
759 files private to the udev tools. We may need to switch the current symlink
760 target, cause some obviously broken tools try to scan all files in /dev
761 including /dev/.udev/, find the links to /sys and end up stat()'ing sysfs files
762 million times. This takes ages on slow boxes.
764 The udevinfo attribute walk (-a) now works with giving a device node
765 name (-n) instead of a devpath (-p). The query now always works, also when
766 no database file was created by udev.
768 The built-in /etc/passwd /etc/group parser is removed, we always depend on
769 getpwnam() and getgrnam() now. One of the next releases will depend on
770 fnmatch() and may use getopt_long().
774 Bugfixes and small improvements.
778 Fix path_id for recent kernels.
784 Added support for swapping network interface names, by temporarily
785 renaming the device and wait for the target name to become free.
789 The built-in MODALIAS key and substitution is removed.
793 The binary firmware helper is replaced by the usual simple
794 shell script. Udevsend is removed from the tree.
802 Some more keys require the correct use of '==' and '=' depending
803 on the kind of operation beeing an assignment or a match. Rules
804 with invalid operations are skipped and logged to syslog. Please
805 test with udevtest if the parsing of your rules throws errors and
806 fix possibly broken rules.
810 Provide "udevsettle" to wait for all current udev events to finish.
811 It also watches the current kernel netlink queue by comparing the
812 even sequence number to make sure that there are no current pending
813 events that have not already arrived in the daemon.
817 Fix rule to skip persistent rules for removable IDE devices, which
818 also skipped optical IDE drives.
820 All *_id program are installed in /lib/udev/ by default now.
822 No binary is stripped anymore as this should be done in the
823 packaging process and not at build time.
825 libvolume_id is provided as a shared library now and vol_id is
826 linked against it. Also one of the next HAL versions will require
827 this library, and the HAL build process will also require the
828 header file to be installed. The copy of the same code in HAL will
829 be removed to have only a single copy left on the system.
833 Add persistent links for SCSI tapes. The rules file is renamed
834 to 60-persistent-storage.rules.
836 Create persistent path for usb devices. Can be used for all sorts
837 of devices that can't be distinguished by other properties like
838 multiple identical keyboards and mice connected to the same box.
840 Provide "udevtrigger" program to request events on coldplug. The
841 shell script is much too slow with thousends of devices.
845 Fix persistent disk rules to exclude removable IDE drives.
847 Warn if %e, $modalias or MODALIAS is used.
851 Fix queue export, which wasn't correct for subsequent add/remove
852 events for the same device.
856 Fix cramfs detection on big endian.
858 Make WAIT_FOR_SYSFS usable in "normal" rules and silent if the whole
863 If BUS== and SYSFS{}== have been used in the same rule, the sysfs
864 attributes were only checked at the parent device that matched the
865 by BUS requested subsystem. Fix it to also look at the device we
866 received the event for.
868 Build variable CROSS has changed to CROSS_COMPILE to match the kernel
873 Fix a bug where NAME="" would prevent RUN from beeing executed.
875 RUN="/bin/program" does not longer automatically add the subsystem
876 as the first parameter. This is from the days of /sbin/hotplug
877 which is dead now and it's just confusing to need to add a space at
878 the end of the program name to prevent this.
879 If you use rules that need the subsystem as the first parameter,
880 like the old "udev_run_hotlugd" and "udev_run_devd", add the subsystem
881 to the key like RUN+="/bin/program $env{SUBSYSTEM}".
885 The udev man page has moved to udev(7) as it does not describe a command
886 anymore. The programs udev, udevstart and udevsend are no longer installed
887 by default and must be copied manually, if they should be installed or
888 included in a package.
890 Fix a bug where "ignore_device" could run earlier collected RUN keys before
891 the ignore rule was applied.
893 More preparation for future sysfs changes. usb_id and scsi_id no longer
894 depend on a magic order of devices in the /devices chain. Specific devices
895 should be requested by their subsytem.
897 This will always find the scsi parent device without depending on a specific
899 dev = sysfs_device_get(devpath);
900 dev_usb = sysfs_device_get_parent_with_subsystem(dev, "scsi");
902 The "device" link in the current sysfs layout will be automatically
903 _resolved_ as a parent and in the new sysfs layout it will just _be_ the
904 parent in the devpath. If a device is requested by it's symlink, like all
905 class devices in the new sysfs layout will look like, it gets automatically
906 resolved and substituted with the real devpath and not the symlink path.
909 A similar logic must be applied to _all_ sysfs users, including
910 scripts, that search along parent devices in sysfs. The explicit use of
911 the "device" link must be avoided. With the future sysfs layout all
912 DEVPATH's will start with /devices/ and have a "subsystem" symlink poiting
913 back to the "class" or the "bus". The layout of the parent devices in
914 /devices is not necessarily expected to be stable across kernel releases and
915 searching for parents by their subsystem should make sysfs users tolerant
916 for changed parent chains.
920 Prepare udev to work with the experimental kernel patch, that moves
921 /sys/class devices to /sys/devices and /sys/block to /sys/class/block.
923 Clarify BUS, ID, $id usage and fix $id behavior. This prepares for
924 moving the class devices to /sys/devices.
926 Thanks again to Marco for help finding a hopefully nice compromise
927 to make %b simpler and working again.
931 Complete removal of libsysfs, replaced by simple helper functions
932 which are much simpler and a bit faster. The udev daemon operatesentirely
933 on event parameters and does not use sysfs for simple rules anymore.
934 Please report any new bugs/problems, that may be caused by this big
935 change. They will be fixed immediately.
937 The enumeration format character '%e' is deprecated and will be
938 removed sometimes from a future udev version. It never worked correctly
939 outside of udevstart, so we can't use it with the new parallel
940 coldplug. A simple enumeration is as useless as the devfs naming
941 scheme, just get rid of both if you still use it.
943 MODALIAS and $modalias is not needed and will be removed from one of
944 the next udev versions, replace it in all rules with ENV{MODALIAS} or
945 the sysfs "modalias" value.
947 Thanks a lot to Marco for all his help on finding and fixing bugs.
951 Let scsi_id request libata drive serial numbers from page 0x80.
953 Renamed etc/udev/persistent.rules to persistent-disk.rules and
954 added /dev/disk/by-name/* for device mapper device names.
956 Removed %e from the man page. It never worked reliably outside
957 of udevstart and udevstart is no longer recommended to use.
961 Symlinks are now exported to the event environment. Hopefully it's no
962 longer needed to run udevinfo from an event process, like it was
963 mentioned on the hotplug list:
964 UDEV [1134776873.702967] add@/block/sdb
967 DEVLINKS=/dev/disk/by-id/usb-IBM_Memory_Key_0218B301030027E8 /dev/disk/by-path/usb-0218B301030027E8:0:0:0
971 Fix a problem if udevsend is used as the hotplug handler and tries to use
972 syslog, which causes a "vc" event loop. 2.6.15 will make udevsend obsolete
973 and this kind of problems will hopefully go away soon.
977 All built-in logic to work around bad sysfs timing is removed with this
978 version. The need to wait for sysfs files is almost fixed with a kernel
979 version that doesn't work with this udev version anyway. Until we fix
980 the timing of the "bus" link creation, the former integrated logic should
981 be emulated by a rule placed before all other rules:
982 ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/devices/*", ENV{PHYSDEVBUS}=="?*", WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="bus"
984 The option "udev_db" does no longer exist. All udev state will be in
985 /$udev_root/.udev/ now, there is no longer an option to set this
987 If the init script or something else used this value, just depend on
988 this hardcoded path. But remember _all_content_ of this directory is
989 still private to udev and can change at any time.
991 Default location for rule sripts and helper programs is now: /lib/udev/.
992 Everything that is not useful on the commandline should go into this
993 directory. Some of the helpers in the extras folder are installed there
994 now. The rules need to be changed, to find the helpers there.
996 Also /lib/udev/devices is recommended as a directory where packages or
997 the user can place real device nodes, which get copied over to /dev at
998 every boot. This should replace the various solutions with custom config
1001 Udevsend does no longer start the udev daemon. This must be done with
1002 the init script that prepares /dev on tmpfs and creates the initial nodes,
1003 before starting the daemon.
1007 Silent a too verbose error logging for the old hotplug.d/ dev.d/
1010 The copy of klibc is removed. A systemwide installed version of klibc
1011 should be used to build a klibc udev now.
1015 NAME="" will not create any nodes, but execute RUN keys. To completely
1016 ignore an event the OPTION "ignore_device" should be used.
1018 After removal of the reorder queue, events with a TIMEOUT can be executed
1019 without any queuing now.
1023 Fixed bug in udevd, if inotify is not available. We depend on netlink
1024 uevents now, kernels without that event source will not work with that
1025 version of udev anymore.
1029 The rule parsing happens now in the daemon once at startup, all udev
1030 event processes inherit the already parsed rules from the daemon.
1031 It is shipped with SUSE10.0 and reduces heavily the system load at
1032 startup. The option to save precompiled rules and let the udev process
1033 pick the them up is removed, as it's no longer needed.
1035 Kernel 2.6.15 will have symlinks at /class/input pointing to the real
1036 device. Libsysfs is changed to "translate" the requested link into the
1037 real device path, as it would happen with the hotplug event. Otherwise
1038 device removal and the udev database will not work.
1040 Using 'make STRIPCMD=' will leave the binaries unstripped for debugging
1043 A few improvements for vol_id, the filesytem probing code.
1047 Fix a stupid typo in extras/run_directory for "make install".
1049 scsi_id creates the temporary devnode now in /dev for usage with a
1050 non-writable /tmp directory.
1052 The uevent kernel socket buffer can carry app. 50.000 events now,
1053 let's see who can break this again. :)
1055 The upcoming kernel will have a new input driver core integration.
1056 Some class devices are now symlinks to the real device. libsysfs
1057 needs a fix for this to work correctly. Udevstart of older udev
1058 versions will _not_ create these devices!
1062 Fix a 'install' target in the Makefile, that prevents EXTRAS from
1067 A bunch of mostly trivial bugfixes. From now on no node name or
1068 symlink name can contain any character than plain whitelisted ascii
1069 characters or validated utf8 byte-streams. This is needed for the
1070 /dev/disk/by-label/* links, because we import untrusted data and
1071 export it to the filesystem.
1075 More bugfixes. If udevd was started from the kernel, we don't
1076 have stdin/stdout/stderr, which broke the forked tools in some
1081 Bugfix. udevstart event ordering was broken for a long time.
1082 The new run_program() uncovered it, because /dev/null was not
1083 available while we try to run external programs.
1084 Now udevstart should create it before we run anything.
1088 Minor bugfixes and some distro rules updates. If you don't have the
1089 persistent disk rules in /dev/disk/by-*/* on your distro, just
1090 grab it from here. :)
1094 We can use socket communication now to pass events from udev to
1096 RUN+="socket:/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event"
1097 will pass the whole udev event to the HAL daemon without the need
1098 for a forked helper. (See ChangeLog for udevmonitor, as an example)
1102 Mostly bugfixes and see ChangeLog.
1104 The test for the existence of an environment value should be
1106 ENV{KEY}=="*" to ENV{KEY}=="?*"
1107 because "*" will not fail anymore, if the key does not exist or
1112 Bugfixes and a few tweaks described in the ChangeLog.
1116 Mostly a Bugfix release.
1118 Added WAIT_FOR_SYSFS="<attribute>" to be able to fight against the sysfs
1119 timing with custom rules.
1123 We changed the internal rule storage format. Our large rule files took
1124 2 MB of RAM, with the change we are down to 99kB.
1126 If the device-node has been created with default name and no symlink or
1127 options are to remenber, it is not longer stored in the udevdb. HAL will
1128 need to be updated to work correctly with that change.
1130 To overrride optimization flags, OPTFLAGS may be used now.
1138 Major changes happened with this release. The goal is to take over the
1139 complete kernel-event handling and provide a more efficient way to dispatch
1140 kernel events. Replacing most of the current shell script logic and the
1141 kernel forked helper with a netlink-daemon and a rule-based event handling.
1143 o udevd listens to netlink events now. The first valid netlink event
1144 will make udevd ignore any message from udevsend that contains a
1145 SEQNUM, to avoid duplicate events. The forked events can be disabled
1147 echo "" > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
1148 For full support, the broken input-subsytem needs to be fixed, not to
1149 bypass the driver core.
1151 o /etc/dev.d/ + /etc/hotplug.d/ directory multiplexing is completely
1152 removed from udev itself and must be emulated by calling small
1153 helper binaries provided in the extras folder:
1154 make EXTRAS=extras/run_directory/
1155 will build udev_run_devd and udev_run_hotplugd, which can be called
1156 from a rule if needed:
1157 RUN+="/sbin/udev_run_hotplugd"
1158 The recommended way to handle this is to convert all the calls from
1159 the directories to explicit udev rules and get completely rid of the
1160 multiplexing. (To catch a ttyUSB event, you now no longer need to
1161 fork and exit 300 tty script instances you are not interested in, it
1162 is just one rule that matches exactly the device.)
1164 o udev handles now _all_ events not just events for class and block
1165 devices, this way it is possible to control the complete event
1166 behavior with udev rules. Especially useful for rules like:
1167 ACTION="add", DEVPATH="/devices/*", MODALIAS=="?*", RUN+="/sbin/modprobe $modalias"
1169 o As used in the modalias rule, udev supports now textual
1170 substitution placeholder along with the usual format chars. This
1171 needs to be documented, for now it's only visible in udev_rules_parse.c.
1173 o The rule keys support now more operations. This is documented in the
1174 man page. It is possible to add values to list-keys like the SYMLINK
1175 and RUN list with KEY+="value" and to clear the list by assigning KEY="".
1176 Also "final"-assignments are supported by using KEY:="value", which will
1177 prevent changing the key by any later rule.
1179 o kernel 2.6.12 has the "detached_state" attribute removed from
1180 sysfs, which was used to recognize sysfs population. We switched that
1181 to wait for the "bus" link, which is only available in kernels after 2.6.11.
1182 Running this udev version on older kernels may cause a short delay for
1185 o To provide infrastructure for persistent device naming, the id programs:
1186 scsi_id, vol_id (former udev_volume_id), and ata_id (new) are able now
1187 to export the probed data in environment key format:
1188 pim:~ # /sbin/ata_id --export /dev/hda
1189 ID_MODEL=HTS726060M9AT00
1190 ID_SERIAL=MRH401M4G6UM9B
1191 ID_REVISION=MH4OA6BA
1193 The following rules:
1194 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", IMPORT="/sbin/ata_id --export $tempnode"
1195 KERNEL="hd*[!0-9]", ENV{ID_SERIAL}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-id/$env{ID_MODEL}_$env{ID_SERIAL}"
1198 kay@pim:~> tree /dev/disk
1201 | |-- HTS726060M9AT00_MRH401M4G6UM9B -> ../../hda
1202 | `-- IBM-Memory_Key -> ../../sda
1204 | |-- swap -> ../../hda1
1205 | |-- date -> ../../sda1
1206 | `-- home -> ../../hda3
1208 |-- 2E08712B0870F2E7 -> ../../hda3
1209 |-- 9352cfef-7687-47bc-a2a3-34cf136f72e1 -> ../../hda1
1210 |-- E845-7A89 -> ../../sda1
1211 `-- b2a61681-3812-4f13-a4ff-920d70604299 -> ../../hda2
1213 The IMPORT= operation will import these keys in the environment and make
1214 it available for later PROGRAM= and RUN= executed programs. The keys are
1215 also stored in the udevdb and can be queried from there with one of the
1218 o A few binaries are silently added to the repository, which can be used
1219 to replay kernel events from initramfs instead of using coldplug. udevd
1220 can be instructed now to queue-up events while the stored events from
1221 initramfs are filled into the udevd-queue. This code is still under
1222 development and there is no documentation now besides the code itself.
1223 The additional binaries get compiled, but are not installed by default.
1225 o There is also a temporary fix for a performance problem where too many
1226 events happen in parallel and every event needs to parse the rules.
1227 udev can now read precompiled rules stored on disk. This is likely to be
1228 replaced by a more elegant solution in a future udev version.
1232 With kernel version 2.6.12, the sysfs file "detached_state" was removed.
1233 Fix for libsysfs not to expect this file was added.
1237 All rules are applied now, but only the first matching rule with a NAME-key
1238 will be applied. All later rules with NAME-key are completely ignored. This
1239 way system supplied symlinks or permissions gets applied to user-defined
1243 Please check your rules setup, if you may need to add OPTIONS="last_rule"
1244 to some rules, to keep the old behavior.
1246 The rules are read on "remove"-events too. That makes is possible to match
1247 with keys that are available on remove (KERNEL, SUBSYSTEM, ID, ENV, ...) to
1248 instruct udev to ignore an event (OPTIONS="ignore_device").
1249 The new ACTION-key may be used to let a rule act only at a "remove"-event.
1251 The new RUN-key supports rule-based execution of programs after device-node
1252 handling. This is meant as a general replacement for the dev.d/-directories
1253 to give fine grained control over the execution of programs.
1255 The %s{}-sysfs format char replacement values are searched at any of the
1256 devices in the device chain now, not only at the class-device.
1258 We support log priority levels now. The value udev_log in udev.conf is used
1259 to determine what is printed to syslog. This makes it possible to
1260 run a version with compiled-in debug messages in a production environment
1261 which is sometimes needed to find a bug.
1262 It is still possible to supress the inclusion of _any_ syslog usage with
1263 USE_LOG=false to create the smallest possible binaries if needed.
1264 The configured udev_log value can be overridden with the environment variable
1269 Possible use of a system-wide klibc:
1270 make USE_KLIBC=true KLCC=/usr/bin/klcc all
1271 will link against an external klibc and our own version will be ignored.
1275 We support an unlimited count of symlinks now.
1277 If USE_STATIC=true is passed to a glibc build, we link statically and use
1278 a built-in userdb parser to resolve user and group names.
1280 The PLACE= key is gone. It can be replaced by an ID= for a long time, because
1281 we walk up the chain of physical devices to find a match.
1283 The KEY="<value>" format supports '=', '==', '!=,' , '+=' now. This makes it
1284 easy to skip certain attribute matches without composing rules with weird
1285 character class negations like:
1286 KERNEL="[!s][!c][!d]*"
1287 this can now be replaced with:
1289 The current simple '=' is still supported, and should work as it does today,
1290 but existing rules should be converted if possible, to be better readable.
1292 We have new ENV{}== key now, to match against a maximum of 5 environment
1295 udevstart is its own binary again, because we don't need co carry this araound
1296 with every forked event.