#include <sys/un.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <linux/netlink.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
 #include <net/if.h>
 #include <linux/veth.h>
 #include <sys/personality.h>
 #include "def.h"
 #include "rtnl-util.h"
 #include "udev-util.h"
-#include "eventfd-util.h"
 #include "blkid-util.h"
 #include "gpt.h"
 #include "siphash24.h"
 #include "copy.h"
 #include "base-filesystem.h"
+#include "barrier.h"
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SECCOMP
 #include "seccomp-util.h"
 
         for (;;) {
                 ContainerStatus container_status;
-                int eventfds[2] = { -1, -1 };
+                _barrier_destroy_ Barrier barrier = { };
                 struct sigaction sa = {
                         .sa_handler = nop_handler,
                         .sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP,
                 };
 
+                r = barrier_init(&barrier);
+                if (r < 0) {
+                        log_error("Cannot initialize IPC barrier: %s", strerror(-r));
+                        goto finish;
+                }
+
                 /* Child can be killed before execv(), so handle SIGCHLD
                  * in order to interrupt parent's blocking calls and
                  * give it a chance to call wait() and terminate. */
                         goto finish;
                 }
 
-                pid = clone_with_eventfd(SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
-                                         (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
-                                         (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), eventfds);
+                pid = syscall(__NR_clone, SIGCHLD|CLONE_NEWNS|
+                                          (arg_share_system ? 0 : CLONE_NEWIPC|CLONE_NEWPID|CLONE_NEWUTS)|
+                                          (arg_private_network ? CLONE_NEWNET : 0), NULL);
                 if (pid < 0) {
                         if (errno == EINVAL)
                                 log_error("clone() failed, do you have namespace support enabled in your kernel? (You need UTS, IPC, PID and NET namespacing built in): %m");
                         };
                         char **env_use;
 
+                        barrier_set_role(&barrier, BARRIER_CHILD);
+
                         envp[n_env] = strv_find_prefix(environ, "TERM=");
                         if (envp[n_env])
                                 n_env ++;
                                 }
 
                                 log_error("Failed to open console: %s", strerror(-k));
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO) != STDOUT_FILENO ||
                             dup2(STDIN_FILENO, STDERR_FILENO) != STDERR_FILENO) {
                                 log_error("Failed to duplicate console: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (setsid() < 0) {
                                 log_error("setsid() failed: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (reset_audit_loginuid() < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL) < 0) {
                                 log_error("PR_SET_PDEATHSIG failed: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         /* Mark everything as slave, so that we still
                          * propagate mounts to the real root. */
                         if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
                                 log_error("MS_SLAVE|MS_REC failed: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (mount_devices(arg_directory,
                                           root_device, root_device_rw,
                                           home_device, home_device_rw,
                                           srv_device, srv_device_rw) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         /* Turn directory into bind mount */
                         if (mount(arg_directory, arg_directory, "bind", MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0) {
                                 log_error("Failed to make bind mount: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         r = setup_volatile(arg_directory);
                         if (r < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_volatile_state(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         r = base_filesystem_create(arg_directory);
                         if (r < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (arg_read_only) {
                                 k = bind_remount_recursive(arg_directory, true);
                                 if (k < 0) {
                                         log_error("Failed to make tree read-only: %s", strerror(-k));
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
                         }
 
                         if (mount_all(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (copy_devnodes(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_ptmx(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         dev_setup(arg_directory);
 
                         if (setup_seccomp() < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_dev_console(arg_directory, console) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_kmsg(arg_directory, kmsg_socket_pair[1]) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         kmsg_socket_pair[1] = safe_close(kmsg_socket_pair[1]);
 
                         if (setup_boot_id(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_timezone(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_resolv_conf(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_journal(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind, false) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (mount_binds(arg_directory, arg_bind_ro, true) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (mount_tmpfs(arg_directory) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (setup_kdbus(arg_directory, kdbus_domain) < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         /* Tell the parent that we are ready, and that
                          * it can cgroupify us to that we lack access
                          * to certain devices and resources. */
-                        r = eventfd_send_state(eventfds[1],
-                                               EVENTFD_CHILD_SUCCEEDED);
-                        eventfds[1] = safe_close(eventfds[1]);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                        barrier_place(&barrier);
 
                         if (chdir(arg_directory) < 0) {
                                 log_error("chdir(%s) failed: %m", arg_directory);
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (mount(arg_directory, "/", NULL, MS_MOVE, NULL) < 0) {
                                 log_error("mount(MS_MOVE) failed: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (chroot(".") < 0) {
                                 log_error("chroot() failed: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (chdir("/") < 0) {
                                 log_error("chdir() failed: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         umask(0022);
 
                         if (drop_capabilities() < 0) {
                                 log_error("drop_capabilities() failed: %m");
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         r = change_uid_gid(&home);
                         if (r < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if ((asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "HOME=%s", home ? home: "/root") < 0) ||
                             (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "USER=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0) ||
                             (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "LOGNAME=%s", arg_user ? arg_user : "root") < 0)) {
                                 log_oom();
-                                goto child_fail;
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                         }
 
                         if (!sd_id128_equal(arg_uuid, SD_ID128_NULL)) {
 
                                 if (asprintf((char**)(envp + n_env++), "container_uuid=%s", id128_format_as_uuid(arg_uuid, as_uuid)) < 0) {
                                         log_oom();
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
                         }
 
                                 k = fdset_cloexec(fds, false);
                                 if (k < 0) {
                                         log_error("Failed to unset O_CLOEXEC for file descriptors.");
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
 
                                 if ((asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_FDS=%u", n_fd_passed) < 0) ||
                                     (asprintf((char **)(envp + n_env++), "LISTEN_PID=1") < 0)) {
                                         log_oom();
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
                         }
 
                         if (arg_personality != 0xffffffffLU) {
                                 if (personality(arg_personality) < 0) {
                                         log_error("personality() failed: %m");
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
                         } else if (secondary) {
                                 if (personality(PER_LINUX32) < 0) {
                                         log_error("personality() failed: %m");
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
                         }
 
                         if (arg_selinux_context)
                                 if (setexeccon((security_context_t) arg_selinux_context) < 0) {
                                         log_error("setexeccon(\"%s\") failed: %m", arg_selinux_context);
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
 #endif
 
                                 n = strv_env_merge(2, envp, arg_setenv);
                                 if (!n) {
                                         log_oom();
-                                        goto child_fail;
+                                        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                                 }
 
                                 env_use = n;
                                 env_use = (char**) envp;
 
                         /* Wait until the parent is ready with the setup, too... */
-                        r = eventfd_parent_succeeded(eventfds[0]);
-                        eventfds[0] = safe_close(eventfds[0]);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                goto child_fail;
+                        if (!barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier))
+                                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
                         if (arg_boot) {
                                 char **a;
                         }
 
                         log_error("execv() failed: %m");
-
-                child_fail:
-                        /* Tell the parent that the setup failed, so he
-                         * can clean up resources and terminate. */
-                        if (eventfds[1] != -1)
-                                eventfd_send_state(eventfds[1],
-                                                   EVENTFD_CHILD_FAILED);
                         _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                 }
 
+                barrier_set_role(&barrier, BARRIER_PARENT);
                 fdset_free(fds);
                 fds = NULL;
 
-                /* Wait for the child event:
-                 * If EVENTFD_CHILD_FAILED, the child will terminate soon.
-                 * If EVENTFD_CHILD_SUCCEEDED, the child is reporting that
-                 * it is ready with all it needs to do with priviliges.
-                 * After we got the notification we can make the process
-                 * join its cgroup which might limit what it can do */
-                r = eventfd_child_succeeded(eventfds[1]);
-                eventfds[1] = safe_close(eventfds[1]);
-
-                if (r >= 0) {
+                /* wait for child-setup to be done */
+                if (barrier_place_and_sync(&barrier)) {
                         int ifi = 0;
 
                         r = move_network_interfaces(pid);
                         /* Notify the child that the parent is ready with all
                          * its setup, and that the child can now hand over
                          * control to the code to run inside the container. */
-                        r = eventfd_send_state(eventfds[0], EVENTFD_PARENT_SUCCEEDED);
-                        eventfds[0] = safe_close(eventfds[0]);
-                        if (r < 0)
-                                goto finish;
+                        barrier_place(&barrier);
 
                         k = process_pty(master, &mask, arg_boot ? pid : 0, SIGRTMIN+3);
                         if (k < 0) {
 
+++ /dev/null
-/*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
-
-/***
-  This file is part of systemd.
-
-  Copyright 2014 Djalal Harouni
-
-  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
-  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
-  (at your option) any later version.
-
-  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
-  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
-  Lesser General Public License for more details.
-
-  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-***/
-
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <sys/syscall.h>
-
-#include "eventfd-util.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-
-/*
- * Use this to create processes that need to setup a full context
- * and sync it with their parents using cheap mechanisms.
- *
- * This will create two blocking eventfd(s). A pair for the parent and
- * the other for the child so they can be used as a notify mechanism.
- * Each process will gets its copy of the parent and child eventfds.
- *
- * This is useful in case:
- * 1) If the parent fails or dies, the child must die.
- * 2) Child will install PR_SET_PDEATHSIG as soon as possible.
- * 3) Parent and child need to sync using less resources.
- * 4) If parent is not able to install a SIGCHLD handler:
- *    parent will wait using a blocking eventfd_read() or
- *    eventfd_child_succeeded() call on the child eventfd.
- *
- *    * If the child setup succeeded, child should notify with an
- *      EVENTFD_CHILD_SUCCEEDED, parent will continue.
- *    * If the child setup failed, child should notify with an
- *      EVENTFD_CHILD_FAILED before any _exit(). This avoids blocking
- *      the parent.
- *
- * 5) If parent is able to install a SIGCHLD handler:
- *    An empty signal handler without SA_RESTART will do it, since the
- *    blocking eventfd_read() or eventfd_parent_succeeded() of the
- *    parent will be interrupted by SIGCHLD and the call will fail with
- *    EINTR. This is useful in case the child dies abnormaly and did
- *    not have a chance to notify its parent using EVENTFD_CHILD_FAILED.
- *
- * 6) Call wait*() in the main instead of the signal handler in order
- *    to: 1) reduce side effects and 2) have a better handling for
- *    child termination in order to reduce various race conditions.
- *
- *
- * The return value of clone_with_eventfd() is the same of clone().
- * On success the eventfds[] will contain the two eventfd(s). These
- * file descriptors can be closed later with safe_close(). On failure,
- * a negative value is returned in the caller's context, and errno will
- * be set appropriately.
- *
- * Extra preliminary work:
- * 1) Child can wait before starting its setup by using the
- *    eventfd_recv_start() call on the parent eventfd, in that case the
- *    parent must notify with EVENTFD_START, after doing any preliminary
- *    work.
- *
- * Note: this function depends on systemd internal functions
- * safe_close() and it should be used only by direct binaries, no
- * libraries.
- */
-pid_t clone_with_eventfd(int flags, int eventfds[2]) {
-        pid_t pid;
-
-        assert(eventfds);
-
-        eventfds[0] = eventfd(EVENTFD_INIT, EFD_CLOEXEC);
-        if (eventfds[0] < 0)
-                return -1;
-
-        eventfds[1] = eventfd(EVENTFD_INIT, EFD_CLOEXEC);
-        if (eventfds[1] < 0)
-                goto err_eventfd0;
-
-        pid = syscall(__NR_clone, flags, NULL);
-        if (pid < 0)
-                goto err_eventfd1;
-
-        return pid;
-
-err_eventfd1:
-        eventfds[1] = safe_close(eventfds[1]);
-err_eventfd0:
-        eventfds[0] = safe_close(eventfds[0]);
-        return -1;
-}
-
-int eventfd_send_state(int efd, eventfd_t s) {
-        return eventfd_write(efd, s);
-}
-
-/*
- * Receive an eventfd state on the eventfd file descriptor.
- *
- * If the third argument is set to a value other than zero, then this
- * function will compare the received value with this argument and set
- * the return value.
- *
- * On success return 0. On error, -1 will be returned, and errno will
- * be set appropriately.
- */
-int eventfd_recv_state(int efd, eventfd_t *e, eventfd_t s) {
-        int ret;
-
-        ret = eventfd_read(efd, e);
-        if (ret < 0)
-                return ret;
-        else if (s != 0 && *e != s) {
-                errno = EINVAL;
-                return -1;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Receive the EVENTFD_START state on the eventfd file descriptor.
- *
- * On Success return 0. On error, -1 will be returned, and errno will
- * be set appropriately.
- */
-int eventfd_recv_start(int efd) {
-        eventfd_t e = EVENTFD_INIT;
-        return eventfd_recv_state(efd, &e, EVENTFD_START);
-}
-
-/*
- * Receive the EVENTFD_PARENT_SUCCEEDED state on the eventfd file
- * descriptor.
- *
- * On Success return 0. On error, -1 will be returned, and errno will
- * be set appropriately.
- */
-int eventfd_parent_succeeded(int efd) {
-        eventfd_t e = EVENTFD_INIT;
-        return eventfd_recv_state(efd, &e, EVENTFD_PARENT_SUCCEEDED);
-}
-
-/*
- * Receive the EVENTFD_CHILD_SUCCEEDED state on the eventfd file
- * descriptor.
- *
- * On Success return 0. On error, -1 will be returned, and errno will
- * be set appropriately.
- */
-int eventfd_child_succeeded(int efd) {
-        eventfd_t e = EVENTFD_INIT;
-        return eventfd_recv_state(efd, &e, EVENTFD_CHILD_SUCCEEDED);
-}