worktree support: Dgit.pm: Introduce $maindir_gitdir and _commondir

A "git worktree" separates out some of the things which used to be
found in .git, into "common" things and "gitdir" things.

In this patch we simply collect the relevant informaation.  No-one
uses it yet so there is no significant functional change.

However, while we are here, we do improve an error message slightly.

Signed-off-by: Ian Jackson <ijackson@chiark.greenend.org.uk>