Configuration FormatEach configuration file shall be named in the
- style of <program>.conf.
- Files in /etc/ override files
- with the same name in /usr/lib/
- and /run/. Files in
- /run/ override files with the same
- name in /usr/lib/. Packages
+ style of
+ package.conf
+ or
+ package-part.conf.
+ The second variant should be used when it is desirable
+ to make it easy to override just this part of
+ configuration.
+
+ Files in /etc/tmpfiles.d
+ override files with the same name in
+ /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d and
+ /run/tmpfiles.d. Files in
+ /run/tmpfiles.d override files
+ with the same name in
+ /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d. Packages
should install their configuration files in
- /usr/lib/. Files in
- /etc/ are reserved for the local
- administrator, who may use this logic to override the
- configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
- configuration files are sorted by their filename in
- alphabetical order, regardless in which of the
- directories they reside, to guarantee that a specific
- configuration file takes precedence over another file
- with an alphabetically later name.
+ /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d. Files in
+ /etc/tmpfiles.d are reserved for
+ the local administrator, who may use this logic to
+ override the configuration files installed by vendor
+ packages. All configuration files are sorted by their
+ filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which
+ of the directories they reside in. If multiple files
+ specify the same path, the entry in the file with the
+ lexicographically earliest name will be applied, all
+ all other conflicting entries logged as errors.
If the administrator wants to disable a
- configuration file supplied by the vendor the
+ configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
recommended way is to place a symlink to
/dev/null in
/etc/tmpfiles.d/ bearing the
- same file name.
+ same filename.
The configuration format is one line per path
- containing action, path, mode, ownership, age and argument
+ containing type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument
fields:
- Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
+ #Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/nullType
+
+ The type consists of a single letter and
+ optionally an exclamation mark.
+
+ The following line types are understood:
+
f
- Create a file if it doesn't exist yet (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)
+ Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.F
- Create or truncate a file (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)
+ Create or truncate a file. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.
@@ -122,32 +138,43 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/nulld
- Create a directory if it doesn't exist yet
+ Create a directory if it does not exist yet.D
- Create or empty a directory
+ Create or empty a directory.p
- Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it doesn't exist yet
+ Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet.L
- Create a symlink if it doesn't exist yet
+ Create a symlink if it does not exist yet.c
- Create a character device node if it doesn't exist yet
+ Create a character device node if it does not exist yet.b
- Create a block device node if it doesn't exist yet
+ Create a block device node if it does not exist yet.
+
+
+
+ m
+ If the
+ specified file path exists,
+ adjust its access mode, group
+ and user to the specified
+ values and reset the SELinux
+ security context. If it does not exist, do
+ nothing.
@@ -158,23 +185,45 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
as controlled with the Age
parameter. Note that lines of
this type do not influence the
- effect of r or R lines. Lines
- of this type accept
+ effect of r
+ or R lines.
+ Lines of this type accept
shell-style globs in place of
- of normal path
- names.
+ normal path names.
+
+
+
+
+ X
+ Ignore a path
+ during cleaning. Use this type
+ to exclude paths from clean-up
+ as controlled with the Age
+ parameter. Unlike
+ x, this
+ parameter will not exclude the
+ content if path is a
+ directory, but only directory
+ itself. Note that lines of
+ this type do not influence the
+ effect of r
+ or R lines.
+ Lines of this type accept
+ shell-style globs in place of
+ normal path names.
+ rRemove a file
- or directory if it
- exists. This may not be used
- to remove non-empty
- directories, use R for
- that. Lines of this type
- accept shell-style globs in
- place of normal path
+ or directory if it exists.
+ This may not be used to remove
+ non-empty directories, use
+ R for that.
+ Lines of this type accept
+ shell-style globs in place of
+ normal path
names.
@@ -192,7 +241,7 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
zRestore
- SELinux security context label
+ SELinux security context
and set ownership and access
mode of a file or directory if
it exists. Lines of this type
@@ -205,7 +254,7 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
ZRecursively
restore SELinux security
- context label and set
+ context and set
ownership and access mode of a
path and all its
subdirectories (if it is a
@@ -215,6 +264,77 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
names.
+
+ If the exclamation mark is used, this
+ line is only safe of execute during boot, and
+ can break a running system. Lines without the
+ exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to
+ execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
+ systemd-tmpfiles will
+ execute line with an exclamation mark only if
+ option is given.
+
+
+ For example:
+ # Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
+d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
+
+# Unlink the X11 lock files
+r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock
+ The second line in contrast to the first one
+ would break a running system, and will only be
+ executed with .
+
+
+
+ Path
+
+ The file system path specification supports simple specifier
+ expansion. The following expansions are
+ understood:
+
+
+ Specifiers available
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Specifier
+ Meaning
+ Details
+
+
+
+
+ %m
+ Machine ID
+ The machine ID of the running system, formatted as string. See machine-id5 for more information.
+
+
+ %b
+ Boot ID
+ The boot ID of the running system, formatted as string. See random4 for more information.
+
+
+ %H
+ Host name
+ The hostname of the running system.
+
+
+ %v
+ Kernel release
+ Identical to uname -r output.
+
+
+ %%
+ Escaped %
+ Single percent sign.
+
+
+
+
@@ -222,12 +342,15 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
The file access mode to use when
creating this file or directory. If omitted or
- when set to - the default is used: 0755 for
- directories, 0644 for all other file
- objects. For z, Z lines if omitted or when set
- to - the file access mode will not be
- modified. This parameter is ignored for x, r,
- R, L lines.
+ when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for
+ directories, 0644 for all other file objects.
+ For z, Z
+ lines, if omitted or when set to
+ -, the file access mode
+ will not be modified. This parameter is
+ ignored for x,
+ r, R,
+ L lines.
@@ -236,10 +359,15 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
The user and group to use for this file
or directory. This may either be a numeric
user/group ID or a user or group name. If
- omitted or when set to - the default 0 (root)
- is used. For z, Z lines when omitted or when set to -
- the file ownership will not be modified.
- These parameters are ignored for x, r, R, L lines.
+ omitted or when set to -,
+ the default 0 (root) is used. For
+ z, Z
+ lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file
+ ownership will not be modified. These
+ parameters are ignored for
+ x, r,
+ R, L
+ lines.
@@ -247,7 +375,7 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
The date field, when set, is used to
decide what files to delete when cleaning. If
a file or directory is older than the current
- time minus the age field it is deleted. The
+ time minus the age field, it is deleted. The
field format is a series of integers each
followed by one of the following
postfixes for the respective time units:
@@ -264,31 +392,45 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
us
- If multiple integers and units are specified the time
- values are summed up.
+ If multiple integers and units are specified, the time
+ values are summed up. If an integer is given without a unit,
+ s is assumed.
+
- The age field only applies to lines starting with
- d, D and x. If omitted or set to - no automatic clean-up
- is done.
+ When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
+ unconditionally.
+
+ The age field only applies to lines
+ starting with d,
+ D, and
+ x. If omitted or set to
+ -, no automatic clean-up is
+ done.If the age field starts with a tilde
- character (~) the clean-up is only applied to
- files and directories one level inside the
- directory specified, but not the files and
- directories immediately inside it.
+ character ~, the clean-up
+ is only applied to files and directories one
+ level inside the directory specified, but not
+ the files and directories immediately inside
+ it.
Argument
- For L lines determines the destination
- path of the symlink. For c, b determines the
+ For L lines
+ determines the destination path of the
+ symlink. For c,
+ b determines the
major/minor of the device node, with major and
- minor formatted as integers, separated by :,
- e.g. "1:3". For f, F, w may be used to specify
- a short string that is written to the file,
- suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all other
- lines.
+ minor formatted as integers, separated by
+ :, e.g.
+ 1:3. For
+ f, F,
+ and w may be used to
+ specify a short string that is written to the
+ file, suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all
+ other lines.
@@ -302,6 +444,13 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
d /var/run/screens 1777 root root 10d
d /var/run/uscreens 0755 root root 10d12h
+
+ /etc/tmpfiles.d/abrt.conf example
+ abrt needs a directory created at boot with specific mode and ownership and its content should be preserved.
+
+ d /var/tmp/abrt 0755 abrt abrt
+x /var/tmp/abrt/*
+