Configuration FormatEach configuration file shall be named in the
- style of <package>.conf.
- Files in /etc/ override files
- with the same name in /usr/lib/
- and /run/. Files in
- /run/ override files with the same
- name in /usr/lib/. Packages
+ style of
+ package.conf
+ or
+ package-part.conf.
+ The second variant should be used when it is desirable
+ to make it easy to override just this part of
+ configuration.
+
+ Files in /etc/tmpfiles.d
+ override files with the same name in
+ /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d and
+ /run/tmpfiles.d. Files in
+ /run/tmpfiles.d override files
+ with the same name in
+ /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d. Packages
should install their configuration files in
- /usr/lib/. Files in
- /etc/ are reserved for the local
- administrator, who may use this logic to override the
- configuration files installed by vendor packages. All
- configuration files are sorted by their filename in
- lexicographic order, regardless in which of the
- directories they reside. If multiple files specify the
- same path, the entry in the file with the lexicographically
- earliest name will be applied, all all other conflicting
- entries logged as errors.
+ /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d. Files in
+ /etc/tmpfiles.d are reserved for
+ the local administrator, who may use this logic to
+ override the configuration files installed by vendor
+ packages. All configuration files are sorted by their
+ filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which
+ of the directories they reside in. If multiple files
+ specify the same path, the entry in the file with the
+ lexicographically earliest name will be applied, all
+ all other conflicting entries logged as errors.
If the administrator wants to disable a
configuration file supplied by the vendor, the
@@ -93,28 +102,30 @@
same filename.The configuration format is one line per path
- containing action, path, mode, ownership, age and argument
+ containing type, path, mode, ownership, age, and argument
fields:
- Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
+ #Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
d /run/user 0755 root root 10d -
L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
-
Type
+ The type consists of a single letter and
+ optionally an exclamation mark.
+
The following line types are understood:f
- Create a file if it does not exist yet (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)
+ Create a file if it does not exist yet. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.F
- Create or truncate a file (optionally writing a short string into it, if the argument parameter is passed)
+ Create or truncate a file. If the argument parameter is given, it will be written to the file.
@@ -127,42 +138,42 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/nulld
- Create a directory if it does not exist yet
+ Create a directory if it does not exist yet.D
- Create or empty a directory
+ Create or empty a directory.p
- Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet
+ Create a named pipe (FIFO) if it does not exist yet.L
- Create a symlink if it does not exist yet
+ Create a symlink if it does not exist yet.c
- Create a character device node if it does not exist yet
+ Create a character device node if it does not exist yet.b
- Create a block device node if it does not exist yet
+ Create a block device node if it does not exist yet.mIf the
- specified file path exists
+ specified file path exists,
adjust its access mode, group
and user to the specified
values and reset the SELinux
- label. If it doesn't exist do
+ security context. If it does not exist, do
nothing.
@@ -174,11 +185,12 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
as controlled with the Age
parameter. Note that lines of
this type do not influence the
- effect of r or R lines. Lines
- of this type accept
+ effect of r
+ or R lines.
+ Lines of this type accept
shell-style globs in place of
- normal path
- names.
+ normal path names.
+
@@ -187,28 +199,31 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
during cleaning. Use this type
to exclude paths from clean-up
as controlled with the Age
- parameter. Unlike x this
+ parameter. Unlike
+ x, this
parameter will not exclude the
- content if path is a directory,
- but only directory itself.
- Note that lines of this type do
- not influence the effect of r
- or R lines. Lines of this type
- accept shell-style globs in
- place of normal path
- names.
+ content if path is a
+ directory, but only directory
+ itself. Note that lines of
+ this type do not influence the
+ effect of r
+ or R lines.
+ Lines of this type accept
+ shell-style globs in place of
+ normal path names.
+
rRemove a file
- or directory if it
- exists. This may not be used
- to remove non-empty
- directories, use R for
- that. Lines of this type
- accept shell-style globs in
- place of normal path
+ or directory if it exists.
+ This may not be used to remove
+ non-empty directories, use
+ R for that.
+ Lines of this type accept
+ shell-style globs in place of
+ normal path
names.
@@ -226,7 +241,7 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
zRestore
- SELinux security context label
+ SELinux security context
and set ownership and access
mode of a file or directory if
it exists. Lines of this type
@@ -239,7 +254,7 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
ZRecursively
restore SELinux security
- context label and set
+ context and set
ownership and access mode of a
path and all its
subdirectories (if it is a
@@ -249,6 +264,26 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
names.
+
+ If the exclamation mark is used, this
+ line is only safe of execute during boot, and
+ can break a running system. Lines without the
+ exclamation mark are presumed to be safe to
+ execute at any time, e.g. on package upgrades.
+ systemd-tmpfiles will
+ execute line with an exclamation mark only if
+ option is given.
+
+
+ For example:
+ # Make sure these are created by default so that nobody else can
+d /tmp/.X11-unix 1777 root root 10d
+
+# Unlink the X11 lock files
+r! /tmp/.X[0-9]*-lock
+ The second line in contrast to the first one
+ would break a running system, and will only be
+ executed with .
@@ -308,11 +343,14 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
The file access mode to use when
creating this file or directory. If omitted or
when set to -, the default is used: 0755 for
- directories, 0644 for all other file
- objects. For z, Z lines, if omitted or when set
- to -, the file access mode will not be
- modified. This parameter is ignored for x, r,
- R, L lines.
+ directories, 0644 for all other file objects.
+ For z, Z
+ lines, if omitted or when set to
+ -, the file access mode
+ will not be modified. This parameter is
+ ignored for x,
+ r, R,
+ L lines.
@@ -321,10 +359,15 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
The user and group to use for this file
or directory. This may either be a numeric
user/group ID or a user or group name. If
- omitted or when set to -, the default 0 (root)
- is used. For z, Z lines, when omitted or when set to -,
- the file ownership will not be modified.
- These parameters are ignored for x, r, R, L lines.
+ omitted or when set to -,
+ the default 0 (root) is used. For
+ z, Z
+ lines, when omitted or when set to -, the file
+ ownership will not be modified. These
+ parameters are ignored for
+ x, r,
+ R, L
+ lines.
@@ -357,28 +400,37 @@ L /tmp/foobar - - - - /dev/null
When the age is set to zero, the files are cleaned
unconditionally.
- The age field only applies to lines starting with
- d, D and x. If omitted or set to -, no automatic clean-up
- is done.
+ The age field only applies to lines
+ starting with d,
+ D, and
+ x. If omitted or set to
+ -, no automatic clean-up is
+ done.If the age field starts with a tilde
- character (~), the clean-up is only applied to
- files and directories one level inside the
- directory specified, but not the files and
- directories immediately inside it.
+ character ~, the clean-up
+ is only applied to files and directories one
+ level inside the directory specified, but not
+ the files and directories immediately inside
+ it.
Argument
- For L lines determines the destination
- path of the symlink. For c, b determines the
+ For L lines
+ determines the destination path of the
+ symlink. For c,
+ b determines the
major/minor of the device node, with major and
- minor formatted as integers, separated by :,
- e.g. "1:3". For f, F, w may be used to specify
- a short string that is written to the file,
- suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all other
- lines.
+ minor formatted as integers, separated by
+ :, e.g.
+ 1:3. For
+ f, F,
+ and w may be used to
+ specify a short string that is written to the
+ file, suffixed by a newline. Ignored for all
+ other lines.