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diff --git a/man/systemd.service.xml b/man/systemd.service.xml
index d1f4a2d7d..98507f405 100644
--- a/man/systemd.service.xml
+++ b/man/systemd.service.xml
@@ -139,9 +139,11 @@
If set to
(the default
- value if BusName=
- is not specified), it is expected that
- the process configured with
+ value if neither
+ Type= nor
+ BusName= are
+ specified), it is expected that the
+ process configured with
ExecStart= is the
main process of the service. In this
mode, if the process offers
@@ -305,9 +307,10 @@
ExecStart=Commands with their
arguments that are executed when this
- service is started. The first
- argument must be an absolute path
- name.
+ service is started. For each of the
+ specified commands, the first argument
+ must be an absolute and literal path
+ to an executable.When Type is
not , only one
@@ -320,11 +323,7 @@
(these semicolons must be passed as
separate words). Alternatively, this
directive may be specified more than
- once with the same effect. However,
- the latter syntax is not recommended
- for compatibility with parsers
- suitable for XDG
- .desktop files.
+ once with the same effect.
Lone semicolons may be escaped as
\;. If the empty
string is assigned to this option, the
@@ -332,6 +331,35 @@
prior assignments of this option will
have no effect.
+ Each command line is split on
+ whitespace, with the first item being
+ the command to execute, and the
+ subsequent items being the arguments.
+ Double quotes ("...") and single
+ quotes ('...') may be used, in which
+ case everything until the next
+ matching quote becomes part of the
+ same argument. Quotes themselves are
+ removed after parsing. In addition, a
+ trailing backslash
+ (\) may be used to
+ merge lines. This syntax is intended
+ to be very similar to shell syntax,
+ but only the meta-characters and
+ expansions described in the following
+ paragraphs are understood.
+ Specifically, redirection using
+ <,
+ <<,
+ >, and
+ >>, pipes
+ using |, and
+ running programs in the background
+ using &
+ and other elements of shell
+ syntax are not supported.
+
+
If more than one command is
specified, the commands are invoked
one by one sequentially in the order
@@ -350,10 +378,11 @@
The command line accepts
% specifiers as
described in
- systemd.unit5. Note
- that the first argument of the command
- line (i.e. the program to execute) may
- not include specifiers.
+ systemd.unit5.
+ Note that the first argument of the
+ command line (i.e. the program to
+ execute) may not include
+ specifiers.Basic environment variable
substitution is supported. Use
@@ -372,9 +401,7 @@
more arguments. To pass a literal dollar sign,
use $$. Note that the first
argument (i.e. the program to execute)
- may not be a variable, since it must
- be a literal and absolute path
- name.
+ may not be a variable.
Optionally, if the absolute file
name is prefixed with
@@ -402,13 +429,47 @@
ExecStart=/bin/sh -c 'dmesg | tac'
- For services run by a user
- instance of systemd the special
- environment variable
- $MANAGERPID is set
- to the PID of the systemd
- instance.
-
+ Only select environment variables that
+ are set for executed commands. See
+ systemd.exec5.
+
+
+ Example:
+ ExecStart=/bin/echo one ; /bin/echo "two two"
+
+ This will execute
+ /bin/echo two
+ times, each time with one argument,
+ one and
+ two two,
+ respectively. Since two commands are
+ specified,
+ Type=oneshot must
+ be used.
+
+ Example:
+ ExecStart=/bin/echo / >/dev/null & \; \
+/bin/ls
+
+ This will execute
+ /bin/echo with five
+ arguments: /,
+ >/dev/null,
+ &,
+ ;, and
+ /bin/ls.
+
+ Example:
+ Environment="ONE=one" 'TWO=two two'
+ExecStart=/bin/echo $ONE $TWO ${TWO}
+
+ This will execute
+ /bin/echo with four
+ arguments: one,
+ two,
+ two, and
+ two two.
+
@@ -653,7 +714,7 @@
timeout for the service expires.
If set to
, the service
- will be restarted regardless whether
+ will be restarted regardless of whether
it exited cleanly or not, got
terminated abnormally by a signal or
hit a timeout.
@@ -673,22 +734,33 @@
considered successful termination, in
addition to the normal successful exit
code 0 and the signals SIGHUP, SIGINT,
- SIGTERM and SIGPIPE. Exit status
+ SIGTERM, and SIGPIPE. Exit status
definitions can either be numeric exit
codes or termination signal names,
- separated by spaces. Example:
- SuccessExitStatus=1 2 8
- SIGKILL, ensures that exit
- codes 1, 2, 8 and the termination
- signal SIGKILL are considered clean
- service terminations. This option may
- appear more than once in which case
- the list of successful exit statuses
- is merged. If the empty string is
- assigned to this option, the list is
- reset, all prior assignments of this
- option will have no
- effect.
+ separated by spaces. For example:
+ SuccessExitStatus=1 2 8 SIGKILL
+ ensures that exit codes 1, 2, 8 and
+ the termination signal
+ SIGKILL are
+ considered clean service terminations.
+
+
+ Note that if a process has a
+ signal handler installed and exits by
+ calling
+ _exit2
+ in response to a signal, the
+ information about the signal is lost.
+ Programs should instead perform cleanup and kill themselves with the same signal instead. See
+ Proper handling of SIGINT/SIGQUIT â How to be a proper program.
+
+ This option may appear more than once
+ in which case the list of successful
+ exit statuses is merged. If the empty
+ string is assigned to this option, the
+ list is reset, all prior assignments
+ of this option will have no
+ effect.
@@ -863,12 +935,15 @@
these two options, this rate limiting
may be modified. Use
StartLimitInterval=
- to configure the checking interval
- (defaults to 10s, set to 0 to disable
+ to configure the checking interval (defaults to
+ DefaultStartLimitInterval= in
+ manager configuration file, set to 0 to disable
any kind of rate limiting). Use
StartLimitBurst= to
configure how many starts per interval
- are allowed (defaults to 5). These
+ are allowed (defaults to
+ DefaultStartLimitBurst= in
+ manager configuration file). These
configuration options are particularly
useful in conjunction with
Restart=, however