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diff --git a/man/systemd.exec.xml b/man/systemd.exec.xml
index f47826ce4..c419424d9 100644
--- a/man/systemd.exec.xml
+++ b/man/systemd.exec.xml
@@ -340,9 +340,14 @@
The files listed with this
directive will be read shortly before
- the process is executed. Settings from
- these files override settings made
- with
+ the process is executed (more
+ specifically, after all
+ processes from a previous unit state
+ terminated. This means you can
+ generate these files in one unit
+ state, and read it with this option in
+ the next). Settings from these files
+ override settings made with
Environment=. If
the same variable is set twice from
these files, the files will be read in
@@ -686,31 +691,6 @@
for details.
-
- TCPWrapName=
- If this is a
- socket-activated service, this sets the
- tcpwrap service name to check the
- permission for the current connection
- with. This is only useful in
- conjunction with socket-activated
- services, and stream sockets (TCP) in
- particular. It has no effect on other
- socket types (e.g. datagram/UDP) and
- on processes unrelated to socket-based
- activation. If the tcpwrap
- verification fails, daemon start-up
- will fail and the connection is
- terminated. See
- tcpd8
- for details. Note that this option may
- be used to do access control checks
- only. Shell commands and commands
- described in
- hosts_options5
- are not supported.
-
-
CapabilityBoundingSet=
@@ -784,7 +764,7 @@
capability sets as documented in
cap_from_text3.
Note that these capability sets are
- usually influenced by the capabilities
+ usually influenced (and filtered) by the capabilities
attached to the executed file. Due to
that
CapabilityBoundingSet=
@@ -797,8 +777,8 @@
ReadOnlyDirectories=
InaccessibleDirectories=
- Sets up a new
- file system namespace for executed
+ Sets up a new file
+ system namespace for executed
processes. These options may be used
to limit access a process might have
to the main file system
@@ -819,16 +799,14 @@
processes inside the namespace. Note
that restricting access with these
options does not extend to submounts
- of a directory. You must list
- submounts separately in these settings
- to ensure the same limited
- access. These options may be specified
+ of a directory that are created later
+ on. These options may be specified
more than once in which case all
directories listed will have limited
access from within the namespace. If
the empty string is assigned to this
- option, the specific list is reset, and
- all prior assignments have no
+ option, the specific list is reset,
+ and all prior assignments have no
effect.
Paths in
ReadOnlyDirectories=
@@ -865,7 +843,7 @@
processes via
/tmp or
/var/tmp
- impossible. If this is enabled all
+ impossible. If this is enabled, all
temporary files created by a service
in these directories will be removed
after the service is stopped. Defaults
@@ -954,6 +932,67 @@
accessible).
+
+ ProtectSystem=
+
+ Takes a boolean
+ argument or
+ full. If true,
+ mounts the /usr
+ directory read-only for processes
+ invoked by this unit. If set to
+ full the
+ /etc is mounted
+ read-only, too. This setting ensures
+ that any modification of the vendor
+ supplied operating system (and
+ optionally its configuration) is
+ prohibited for the service. It is
+ recommended to enable this setting for
+ all long-running services, unless they
+ are involved with system updates or
+ need to modify the operating system in
+ other ways. Note however, that
+ processes retaining the CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ capability can undo the effect of this
+ setting. This setting is hence
+ particularly useful for daemons which
+ have this capability removed, for
+ example with
+ CapabilityBoundingSet=. Defaults
+ to off.
+
+
+
+ ProtectHome=
+
+ Takes a boolean
+ argument or
+ read-only. If true,
+ the directories
+ /home and
+ /run/user are
+ made inaccessible and empty for
+ processes invoked by this unit. If set
+ to read-only the
+ two directores are made read-only
+ instead. It is recommended to enable
+ this setting for all long-running
+ services (in particular network-facing
+ ones), to ensure they cannot get access
+ to private user data, unless the
+ services actually require access to
+ the user's private data. Note however,
+ that processes retaining the
+ CAP_SYS_ADMIN capability can undo the
+ effect of this setting. This setting
+ is hence particularly useful for
+ daemons which have this capability
+ removed, for example with
+ CapabilityBoundingSet=. Defaults
+ to off.
+
+
MountFlags=
@@ -988,6 +1027,8 @@
namespace related options
(PrivateTmp=,
PrivateDevices=,
+ ReadOnlySystem=,
+ ProtectedHome=,
ReadOnlyDirectories=,
InaccessibleDirectories=
and
@@ -1042,7 +1083,7 @@
AppArmorProfile=
- Take a profile name as argument.
+ Takes a profile name as argument.
The process executed by the unit will switch to
this profile when started. Profiles must already
be loaded in the kernel, or the unit will fail.
@@ -1224,22 +1265,22 @@
(which creates connected AF_UNIX
sockets only) are unaffected. Note
that this option has no effect on
- 32bit x86 and is ignored (but works
+ 32-bit x86 and is ignored (but works
correctly on x86-64). If running in user
mode and this option is used,
NoNewPrivileges=yes
- is implied. By default no
+ is implied. By default, no
restriction applies, all address
families are accessible to
processes. If assigned the empty
- string any previous list changes are
+ string, any previous list changes are
undone.
Use this option to limit
exposure of processes to remote
systems, in particular via exotic
network protocols. Note that in most
- cases the local
+ cases, the local
AF_UNIX address
family should be included in the
configured whitelist as it is
@@ -1259,8 +1300,8 @@
processes. Takes one of
x86 and
x86-64. This is
- useful when running 32bit services on
- a 64bit host system. If not specified
+ useful when running 32-bit services on
+ a 64-bit host system. If not specified,
the personality is left unmodified and
thus reflects the personality of the
host system's
@@ -1272,14 +1313,14 @@
RuntimeDirectoryMode=
Takes a list of
- directory names. If set one or more
+ directory names. If set, one or more
directories by the specified names
will be created below
/run (for system
services) or below
$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR
(for user services) when the unit is
- started and removed when the unit is
+ started, and removed when the unit is
stopped. The directories will have the
access mode specified in
RuntimeDirectoryMode=,
@@ -1295,7 +1336,7 @@
/, i.e. must refer
to simple directories to create or
remove. This is particularly useful
- for unpriviliges daemons that cannot
+ for unprivileged daemons that cannot
create runtime directories in
/run due to lack
of privileges, and to make sure the
@@ -1447,7 +1488,7 @@
systemd.setenv= (see
systemd1). Additional
variables may also be set through PAM,
- c.f. pam_env8.
+ cf. pam_env8.