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diff --git a/man/journalctl.xml b/man/journalctl.xml
index cd17ca6ae..7a8d4b2dc 100644
--- a/man/journalctl.xml
+++ b/man/journalctl.xml
@@ -49,7 +49,9 @@
- journalctl OPTIONSMATCHES
+ journalctl
+ OPTIONS
+ MATCHES
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@
journal as written by
systemd-journald.service8.
- If called without parameter will show the full
+ If called without parameter it will show the full
contents of the journal, starting with the oldest
entry collected.
@@ -86,6 +88,15 @@
command line all matches before and after are combined
in a disjunction (i.e. logical OR).
+ As shortcuts for a few types of field/value
+ matches file paths may be specified. If a file path
+ refers to an executable file, this is equivalent to an
+ _EXE= match for the canonicalized
+ binary path. Similar, if a path refers to a device
+ node, this is equivalent to a
+ _KERNEL_DEVICE= match for the
+ device.
+
Output is interleaved from all accessible
journal files, whether they are rotated or currently
being written, and regardless whether they belong to the
@@ -105,8 +116,8 @@
-
+ Prints a short help
text and exits.
@@ -127,8 +138,16 @@
-
+
+
+
+ Show all (printable) fields in
+ full.
+
+
+
+ Show all fields in
full, even if they include unprintable
@@ -137,26 +156,44 @@
-
+
- Show only most recent
+ Show only the most recent
journal entries, and continuously print
new entries as they are appended to
the journal.
-
+
+
+
+ Immediately jump to
+ the end of the journal inside the
+ implied pager tool. This implies
+ to guarantee
+ that the pager won't buffer logs of
+ unbounded size. This may be overridden
+ with an explicit
+ with some other numeric value on the
+ command line. Note that this option is
+ only supported for the
+ less1
+ pager.
+
+
+
+
- Controls the number of
- journal lines to show, counting from
- the most recent ones. Takes a positive
- integer argument. In follow mode
- defaults to 10, otherwise is unset
- thus not limiting how many lines are
- shown.
+ Show the most recent
+ journal events and limit the number of
+ events shown. If
+ is used,
+ this option is implied. The argument,
+ a positive integer, is optional, and
+ defaults to 10.
@@ -169,8 +206,16 @@
-
+
+
+
+ Reverse output, so the newest
+ entries are displayed first.
+
+
+
+ Controls the
formatting of the journal entries that
@@ -180,6 +225,8 @@
verbose,
export,
json,
+ json-pretty,
+ json-sse,
cat. short
is the default and generates an output
that is mostly identical to the
@@ -200,7 +247,21 @@
Export Format for more
information). json
formats entries as JSON data
- structures. cat
+ structures, one per
+ line (see Journal
+ JSON Format for more
+ information). json-pretty
+ also formats entries as JSON data
+ structures, but formats them in
+ multiple lines in order to make them
+ more readable for
+ humans. json-sse
+ also formats entries as JSON data
+ structures, but wraps them in a format
+ suitable for Server-Sent
+ Events. cat
generates a very terse output only
showing the actual message of each
journal entry with no meta data, not
@@ -208,8 +269,32 @@
-
+
+
+
+ Augment log lines with
+ explanation texts from the message
+ catalog. This will add explanatory
+ help texts to log messages in the
+ output where this is available. These
+ short help texts will explain the
+ context of an error or log event,
+ possible solutions, as well as
+ pointers to support forums, developer
+ documentation and any other relevant
+ manuals. Note that help texts are not
+ available for all messages, but only
+ for selected ones. For more
+ information on the message catalog
+ please refer to the Message
+ Catalog Developer
+ Documentation.
+
+
+
+ Suppresses any warning
message regarding inaccessible system
@@ -218,56 +303,64 @@
-
-
+
+
- Show only locally
- generated messages.
+ Show entries
+ interleaved from all available
+ journals, including remote
+ ones.
-
+ Show data only from
- current boot.
+ current boot. This will add a match
+ for _BOOT_ID= for
+ the current boot ID of the
+ kernel.
-
-
+
+
- Takes an absolute
- directory path as argument. If
- specified will operate on the
- specified journal directory instead of
- the default runtime and system journal
- paths.
+ Show kernel messages from
+ current boot. This implies
+ and adds the match _TRANSPORT=kernel.
+
-
-
- Instead of showing
- journal contents generate a new 128
- bit ID suitable for identifying
- messages. This is intended for usage
- by developers who need a new
- identifier for a new message they
- introduce and want to make
- recognizable. Will print the new ID in
- three different formats which can be
- copied into source code or
- similar.
+
+
+
+ Show messages for the
+ specified systemd unit. This will add
+ a match for messages from the unit
+ (_SYSTEMD_UNIT=)
+ and additional matches for messages
+ from systemd and messages about
+ coredumps for the specified unit.
+ This parameter can be specified multiple times.
+
-
-
- Instead of showing
- journal contents show internal header
- information of the journal fiels
- accessed.
+
+
+ Show messages for the
+ specified user session unit. This will
+ add a match for messages from the unit
+ (_SYSTEMD_USER_UNIT=
+ and _UID=) and
+ additional matches for messages from
+ session systemd and messages about
+ coredumps for the specified unit.
+ This parameter can be specified multiple times.
+
@@ -294,12 +387,249 @@
info (6),
debug (7). If a
single log level is specified all
- messages with this log levels or a
+ messages with this log level or a
lower (hence more important) log level
are shown. If a range is specified all
messages within the range are shown,
including both the start and the end
- value of the range.
+ value of the range. This will add
+ PRIORITY= matches
+ for the specified
+ priorities.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Start showing entries
+ from the location in the journal
+ specified by the passed
+ cursor.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Start showing entries
+ on or newer than the specified date,
+ or on or older than the specified
+ date, respectively. Date specifications should be of
+ the format "2012-10-30 18:17:16". If
+ the time part is omitted, 00:00:00 is
+ assumed. If only the seconds component
+ is omitted, :00 is assumed. If the
+ date component is omitted, the
+ current day is assumed. Alternatively
+ the strings
+ yesterday,
+ today,
+ tomorrow are
+ understood, which refer to 00:00:00 of
+ the day before the current day, the
+ current day, or the day after the
+ current day, respectively. now
+ refers to the current time. Finally,
+ relative times may be specified,
+ prefixed with - or
+ +, referring to
+ times before or after the current
+ time, respectively.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Print all possible
+ data values the specified field can
+ take in all entries of the
+ journal.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Show messages from
+ system services and the kernel (with
+ ). Show
+ messages from service of current user
+ (with ).
+ If neither is specified, show all
+ messages that the user can see.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Takes a directory path
+ as argument. If specified journalctl
+ will operate on the specified journal
+ directory
+ DIR instead
+ of the default runtime and system
+ journal paths.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Takes a file glob as
+ argument. If specified journalctl will
+ operate on the specified journal files
+ matching GLOB
+ instead of the default runtime and
+ system journal paths. May be specified
+ multiple times, in which case files will
+ be suitably interleaved.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Takes a directory path
+ as argument. If specified journalctl
+ will operate on catalog file hierarchy
+ underneath the specified directory
+ instead of the root directory
+ (e.g.
+ will create
+ ROOT/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Instead of showing
+ journal contents generate a new 128
+ bit ID suitable for identifying
+ messages. This is intended for usage
+ by developers who need a new
+ identifier for a new message they
+ introduce and want to make
+ recognizable. Will print the new ID in
+ three different formats which can be
+ copied into source code or
+ similar.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Instead of showing
+ journal contents show internal header
+ information of the journal fields
+ accessed.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Shows the current disk
+ usage of all
+ journal files.
+
+
+
+
+
+ List the contents of
+ the message catalog, as table of
+ message IDs plus their short
+ description strings.
+
+ If any
+ ID128s are
+ specified, only those entries are shown.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Show the contents of
+ the message catalog, with entries
+ separated by a line consisting of two
+ dashes and the id (the format is the
+ same as .catalog
+ files.
+
+ If any
+ ID128s are
+ specified, only those entries are shown.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ Update the message
+ catalog index. This command needs to
+ be executed each time new catalog
+ files are installed, removed or
+ updated to rebuild the binary catalog
+ index.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Instead of showing
+ journal contents generate a new key
+ pair for Forward Secure Sealing
+ (FSS). This will generate a sealing
+ key and a verification key. The
+ sealing key is stored in the journal
+ data directory and shall remain on the
+ host. The verification key should be
+ stored externally.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Specifies the change
+ interval for the sealing key, when
+ generating an FSS key pair with
+ . Shorter
+ intervals increase CPU consumption but
+ shorten the time range of
+ undetectable journal
+ alterations. Defaults to
+ 15min.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Check the journal file
+ for internal consistency. If the
+ file has been generated with FSS
+ enabled, and the FSS verification key
+ has been specified with
+
+ authenticity of the journal file is
+ verified.
+
+
+
+
+
+ Specifies the FSS
+ verification key to use for the
+
+ operation.
@@ -315,7 +645,7 @@
Environment
-
+ $SYSTEMD_PAGERPager to use when
@@ -349,7 +679,7 @@
journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.serviceIf the separator "+" is used
- two expression may be combined in a logical OR. The
+ two expressions may be combined in a logical OR. The
following will show all messages from the Avahi
service process with the PID 28097 plus all messages
from the D-Bus service (from any of its
@@ -357,6 +687,14 @@
journalctl _SYSTEMD_UNIT=avahi-daemon.service _PID=28097 + _SYSTEMD_UNIT=dbus.service
+ Show all logs generated by the D-Bus executable:
+
+ journalctl /usr/bin/dbus-daemon
+
+ Show all logs of the kernel device node /dev/sda:
+
+ journalctl /dev/sda
+