case the backing block device of the file system of the file
is used. If the bandwidth is suffixed with K, M, G, or T,
the specified bandwidth is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes,
- Gigabytes, or Terabytes, respectively (Example:
+ Gigabytes, or Terabytes, respectively, to the base of
+ 1000. (Example:
"/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0 5M"). This
controls the <literal>blkio.read_bps_device</literal> and
<literal>blkio.write_bps_device</literal> control group
attributes. Use this option multiple times to set bandwidth
limits for multiple devices. For details about these control
- group attributes, see
- <ulink url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
+ group attributes, see <ulink
+ url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/blkio-controller.txt">blkio-controller.txt</ulink>.
</para>
<para>Implies
<listitem>
<para>Control access to specific device nodes by the
executed processes. Takes two space-separated strings: a
- device node path (such as <filename>/dev/null</filename>)
- followed by a combination of <constant>r</constant>,
- <constant>w</constant>, <constant>m</constant> to control
+ device node specifier followed by a combination of
+ <constant>r</constant>, <constant>w</constant>,
+ <constant>m</constant> to control
<emphasis>r</emphasis>eading, <emphasis>w</emphasis>riting,
- or creation of the specific device node by the unit
+ or creation of the specific device node(s) by the unit
(<emphasis>m</emphasis>knod), respectively. This controls
the <literal>devices.allow</literal> and
<literal>devices.deny</literal> control group
- attributes. For details about these control group attributes,
- see <ulink
+ attributes. For details about these control group
+ attributes, see <ulink
url="https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cgroups/devices.txt">devices.txt</ulink>.</para>
+
+ <para>The device node specifier is either a path to a device
+ node in the file system, starting with
+ <filename>/dev/</filename>, or a string starting with either
+ <literal>char-</literal> or <literal>block-</literal>
+ followed by a device group name, as listed in
+ <filename>/proc/devices</filename>. The latter is useful to
+ whitelist all current and future devices belonging to a
+ specific device group at once. Examples:
+ <filename>/dev/sda5</filename> is a path to a device node,
+ referring to an ATA or SCSI block
+ device. <literal>char-pts</literal> and
+ <literal>char-alsa</literal> are specifiers for all pseudo
+ TTYs and all ALSA sound devices, respectively.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>