Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
- under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
- the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
- General Public License for more details.
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-->
to various kernel interfaces in the container to
read-only, such as <filename>/sys</filename>,
<filename>/proc/sys</filename> or
- <filename>/selinux</filename>. Network interfaces and
- the system clock may not be changed from within the
- container. Device nodes may not be created. The host
- system cannot be rebooted and kernel modules may not
- be loaded from within the container.</para>
+ <filename>/sys/fs/selinux</filename>. Network
+ interfaces and the system clock may not be changed
+ from within the container. Device nodes may not be
+ created. The host system cannot be rebooted and kernel
+ modules may not be loaded from within the
+ container.</para>
<para>Note that even though these security precautions
are taken <command>systemd-nspawn</command> is not
container.</para>
<para>Use a tool like
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> or <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>yum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
+ or
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
to set up an OS directory tree suitable as file system
- hierarchy for <command>systemd-nspawn</command> containers.</para>
+ hierarchy for <command>systemd-nspawn</command>
+ containers.</para>
<para>Note that <command>systemd-nspawn</command> will
mount file systems private to the container to
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--directory=</option></term>
- <term><option>--D</option></term>
+ <term><option>-D</option></term>
<listitem><para>Directory to use as
file system root for the namespace
used.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--boot</option></term>
+ <term><option>-b</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Automatically search
+ for an init binary and invoke it
+ instead of a shell or a user supplied
+ program.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
<varlistentry>
<term><option>--user=</option></term>
- <term><option>--u</option></term>
+ <term><option>-u</option></term>
<listitem><para>Run the command
under specified user, create home
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><option>--no-net</option></term>
+ <term><option>--uuid=</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Set the specified uuid
+ for the container. The init system
+ will initialize
+ <filename>/etc/machine-id</filename>
+ from this if this file is not set yet.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--controllers=</option></term>
+ <term><option>-C</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Makes the container appear in
+ other hierarchies that the name=systemd:/ one.
+ Takes a comma-separated list of controllers.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--private-network</option></term>
<listitem><para>Turn off networking in
the container. This makes all network
loopback device.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><option>--read-only</option></term>
+
+ <listitem><para>Mount the root file
+ system read only for the
+ container.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Example 1</title>
- <programlisting># debootstrap --arch=amd64 unstable debian-tree/
-# systemd-nspawn -D debian-tree/</programlisting>
-
- <para>This installs a minimal Debian unstable
- distribution into the directory
- <filename>debian-tree/</filename> and then spawns a
- shell in a namespace container in it.</para>
+ <programlisting># yum --releasever=17 --nogpgcheck --installroot ~/fedora-tree/ install yum passwd vim-minimal rootfiles systemd
+# systemd-nspawn -D ~/fedora-tree /usr/lib/systemd/systemd</programlisting>
+ <para>This installs a minimal Fedora distribution into
+ the directory <filename>~/fedora-tree/</filename>
+ and then boots an OS in a namespace container in it,
+ with systemd as init system.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Example 2</title>
- <programlisting># mock --init
-# systemd-nspawn -D /var/lib/mock/fedora-rawhide-x86_64/root/ /bin/systemd systemd.log_level=debug</programlisting>
+ <programlisting># debootstrap --arch=amd64 unstable ~/debian-tree/
+# systemd-nspawn -D ~/debian-tree/</programlisting>
- <para>This installs a minimal Fedora distribution into
- a subdirectory of <filename>/var/lib/mock/</filename>
- and then boots an OS in a namespace container in it,
- with systemd as init system, configured for debug
- logging.</para>
+ <para>This installs a minimal Debian unstable
+ distribution into the directory
+ <filename>~/debian-tree/</filename> and then spawns a
+ shell in a namespace container in it.</para>
</refsect1>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>chroot</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
+ <citerefentry><refentrytitle>yum</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>debootstrap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
- <citerefentry><refentrytitle>mock</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>