+ } else
+ m = NULL;
+
+ q = strv_length(m);
+ l = l + q - 1;
+
+ w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
+ if (!w) {
+ ret[k] = NULL;
+ strv_free(ret);
+ strv_free(m);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ ret = w;
+ if (m) {
+ memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
+ free(m);
+ }
+
+ k += q;
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
+ ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
+ if (!ret[k]) {
+ strv_free(ret);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ k++;
+ }
+
+ ret[k] = NULL;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+int fd_columns(int fd) {
+ struct winsize ws = {};
+
+ if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (ws.ws_col <= 0)
+ return -EIO;
+
+ return ws.ws_col;
+}
+
+unsigned columns(void) {
+ const char *e;
+ int c;
+
+ if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
+ return cached_columns;
+
+ c = 0;
+ e = getenv("COLUMNS");
+ if (e)
+ (void) safe_atoi(e, &c);
+
+ if (c <= 0)
+ c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+ if (c <= 0)
+ c = 80;
+
+ cached_columns = c;
+ return cached_columns;
+}
+
+int fd_lines(int fd) {
+ struct winsize ws = {};
+
+ if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (ws.ws_row <= 0)
+ return -EIO;
+
+ return ws.ws_row;
+}
+
+unsigned lines(void) {
+ const char *e;
+ int l;
+
+ if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
+ return cached_lines;
+
+ l = 0;
+ e = getenv("LINES");
+ if (e)
+ (void) safe_atoi(e, &l);
+
+ if (l <= 0)
+ l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
+
+ if (l <= 0)
+ l = 24;
+
+ cached_lines = l;
+ return cached_lines;
+}
+
+/* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
+void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
+ cached_columns = 0;
+ cached_lines = 0;
+}
+
+bool on_tty(void) {
+ static int cached_on_tty = -1;
+
+ if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
+ cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
+
+ return cached_on_tty;
+}
+
+int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
+ struct stat a, b;
+
+ if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
+ a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
+}
+
+int running_in_chroot(void) {
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
+ if (ret < 0)
+ return ret;
+
+ return ret == 0;
+}
+
+static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
+ size_t x;
+ char *r;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(percent <= 100);
+ assert(new_length >= 3);
+
+ if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
+ return strndup(s, old_length);
+
+ r = new0(char, new_length+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
+
+ if (x > new_length - 3)
+ x = new_length - 3;
+
+ memcpy(r, s, x);
+ r[x] = '.';
+ r[x+1] = '.';
+ r[x+2] = '.';
+ memcpy(r + x + 3,
+ s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
+ new_length - x - 3);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
+ size_t x;
+ char *e;
+ const char *i, *j;
+ unsigned k, len, len2;
+
+ assert(s);
+ assert(percent <= 100);
+ assert(new_length >= 3);
+
+ /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
+ if (ascii_is_valid(s))
+ return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
+
+ if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
+ return strndup(s, old_length);
+
+ x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
+
+ if (x > new_length - 3)
+ x = new_length - 3;
+
+ k = 0;
+ for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
+ int c;
+
+ c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
+ if (c < 0)
+ return NULL;
+ k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
+ }
+
+ if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
+ x ++;
+
+ for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
+ int c;
+
+ j = utf8_prev_char(j);
+ c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
+ if (c < 0)
+ return NULL;
+ k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
+ }
+ assert(i <= j);
+
+ /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
+ if (i == j)
+ return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
+
+ /* make space for ellipsis */
+ j = utf8_next_char(j);
+
+ len = i - s;
+ len2 = s + old_length - j;
+ e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
+ if (!e)
+ return NULL;
+
+ /*
+ printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
+ old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
+ */
+
+ memcpy(e, s, len);
+ e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
+ e[len + 1] = 0x80;
+ e[len + 2] = 0xa6;
+
+ memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
+
+ return e;
+}
+
+char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
+ return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
+}
+
+int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int fd;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ if (parents)
+ mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
+
+ fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (mode > 0) {
+ r = fchmod(fd, mode);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (uid != UID_INVALID || gid != GID_INVALID) {
+ r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
+ struct timespec ts[2];
+
+ timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
+ ts[1] = ts[0];
+ r = futimens(fd, ts);
+ } else
+ r = futimens(fd, NULL);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int touch(const char *path) {
+ return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, UID_INVALID, GID_INVALID, 0);
+}
+
+char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
+ size_t l;
+ assert(s);
+
+ /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
+ * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
+ * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
+ * day... */
+
+ l = strlen(s);
+ if (l < 2)
+ return strdup(s);
+
+ if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
+ return strndup(s+1, l-2);
+
+ return strdup(s);
+}
+
+char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *value = NULL;
+ const char *eq;
+ char *p, *name;
+
+ eq = strchr(s, '=');
+ if (!eq) {
+ char *r, *t;
+
+ r = strdup(s);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ t = strstrip(r);
+ if (t != r)
+ memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
+
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ name = strndupa(s, eq - s);
+ p = strdupa(eq + 1);
+
+ value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
+ if (!value)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return strjoin(strstrip(name), "=", value, NULL);
+}
+
+int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
+ siginfo_t dummy;
+
+ assert(pid >= 1);
+
+ if (!status)
+ status = &dummy;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ zero(*status);
+
+ if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
+
+ if (errno == EINTR)
+ continue;
+
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return values:
+ * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
+ * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
+ * failed for an unknown reason.
+ * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
+ * returned.
+ *
+ * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
+ * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
+ *
+ * A warning is emitted if the process terminates abnormally,
+ * and also if it returns non-zero unless check_exit_code is true.
+ */
+int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid, bool check_exit_code) {
+ int r;
+ siginfo_t status;
+
+ assert(name);
+ assert(pid > 1);
+
+ r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_warning_errno(r, "Failed to wait for %s: %m", name);
+
+ if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
+ if (status.si_status != 0)
+ log_full(check_exit_code ? LOG_WARNING : LOG_DEBUG,
+ "%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
+ else
+ log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
+
+ return status.si_status;
+ } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
+ status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
+
+ log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
+ return -EPROTO;
+ }
+
+ log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
+ return -EPROTO;
+}
+
+noreturn void freeze(void) {
+
+ /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
+ close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
+
+ sync();
+
+ for (;;)
+ pause();
+}
+
+bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
+ assert(st);
+
+ if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
+ return true;
+
+ if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(fn);
+
+ if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return null_or_empty(&st);
+}
+
+DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
+ int nfd;
+ DIR *d;
+
+ assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
+
+ nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
+ if (nfd < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ d = fdopendir(nfd);
+ if (!d) {
+ safe_close(nfd);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ return d;
+}
+
+int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
+ int signo;
+ assert(s);
+
+ signo = signal_from_string(s);
+ if (signo <= 0)
+ if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
+ return signal_from_string(s+3);
+
+ return signo;
+}
+
+static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
+ size_t enc_len;
+
+ u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
+ if (!u)
+ return NULL;
+
+ enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
+ t = new(char, enc_len);
+ if (!t)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
+}
+
+char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
+ assert(p);
+
+ if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
+
+ if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
+
+ if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
+
+ if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
+ return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
+
+ return strdup(p);
+}
+
+bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
+ assert(tty);
+
+ return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
+}
+
+bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
+ assert(tty);
+
+ if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
+ tty += 5;
+
+ return streq(tty, "console");
+}
+
+int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
+ int i, r;
+
+ assert(tty);
+
+ if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
+ tty += 5;
+
+ if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (i < 0 || i > 63)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ return i;
+}
+
+char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
+ char *tty;
+
+ /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
+ * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
+
+ if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
+ * /dev/console points to */
+ tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
+ if (tty)
+ tty++;
+ else
+ tty = *active;
+
+ if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
+ char *tmp;
+
+ /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
+ if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
+ free(*active);
+ tty = *active = tmp;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return tty;
+}
+
+bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
+
+ assert(tty);
+
+ if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
+ tty += 5;
+
+ if (streq(tty, "console")) {
+ tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
+ if (!tty)
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ return tty_is_vc(tty);
+}
+
+const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
+ assert(tty);
+
+ return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt220";
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
+ assert(de);
+
+ if (hidden_file(de->d_name))
+ return false;
+
+ if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
+ de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
+ de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
+ assert(de);
+
+ if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
+ de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
+ de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+ return false;
+
+ if (hidden_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
+ return false;
+
+ return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
+}
+
+static int do_execute(char **directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
+ _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
+ _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *seen = NULL;
+ char **directory;
+
+ /* We fork this all off from a child process so that we can
+ * somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set a time limit */
+
+ reset_all_signal_handlers();
+ reset_signal_mask();
+
+ assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
+
+ pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
+ if (!pids)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ seen = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
+ if (!seen)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(directory, directories) {
+ _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
+ struct dirent *de;
+
+ d = opendir(*directory);
+ if (!d) {
+ if (errno == ENOENT)
+ continue;
+
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to open directory %s: %m", *directory);
+ }
+
+ FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+ pid_t pid;
+ int r;
+
+ if (!dirent_is_file(de))
+ continue;
+
+ if (set_contains(seen, de->d_name)) {
+ log_debug("%1$s/%2$s skipped (%2$s was already seen).", *directory, de->d_name);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ r = set_put_strdup(seen, de->d_name);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ path = strjoin(*directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
+ if (!path)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ if (null_or_empty_path(path)) {
+ log_debug("%s is empty (a mask).", path);
+ continue;
+ } else
+ log_debug("%s will be executed.", path);
+
+ pid = fork();
+ if (pid < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+ continue;
+ } else if (pid == 0) {
+ char *_argv[2];
+
+ assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
+
+ if (!argv) {
+ _argv[0] = path;
+ _argv[1] = NULL;
+ argv = _argv;
+ } else
+ argv[0] = path;
+
+ execv(path, argv);
+ return log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
+ }
+
+ log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
+
+ r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ path = NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* Abort execution of this process after the timout. We simply
+ * rely on SIGALRM as default action terminating the process,
+ * and turn on alarm(). */
+
+ if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
+ alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
+
+ while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
+ pid_t pid;
+
+ pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
+ assert(pid > 0);
+
+ path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
+ assert(path);
+
+ wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid, true);
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+void execute_directories(const char* const* directories, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
+ pid_t executor_pid;
+ int r;
+ char *name;
+ char **dirs = (char**) directories;
+
+ assert(!strv_isempty(dirs));
+
+ name = basename(dirs[0]);
+ assert(!isempty(name));
+
+ /* Executes all binaries in the directories in parallel and waits
+ * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. If a file
+ * with the same name exists in more than one directory, the
+ * earliest one wins. */
+
+ executor_pid = fork();
+ if (executor_pid < 0) {
+ log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to fork: %m");
+ return;
+
+ } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
+ r = do_execute(dirs, timeout, argv);
+ _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+
+ wait_for_terminate_and_warn(name, executor_pid, true);
+}
+
+int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
+ int r;
+
+ r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
+
+ if (r >= 0)
+ kill(pid, SIGCONT);
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
+ const char *i;
+
+ if (!nulstr)
+ return false;
+
+ NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
+ if (streq(i, needle))
+ return true;
+
+ return false;
+}
+
+bool plymouth_running(void) {
+ return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
+}
+
+char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
+ assert(s);
+
+ if (l < strlen(s))
+ s[l] = 0;
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
+ return
+ (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
+ (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
+ (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
+ c == '-' ||
+ c == '_' ||
+ c == '.';
+}
+
+bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
+ const char *p;
+ bool dot;
+
+ if (isempty(s))
+ return false;
+
+ /* Doesn't accept empty hostnames, hostnames with trailing or
+ * leading dots, and hostnames with multiple dots in a
+ * sequence. Also ensures that the length stays below
+ * HOST_NAME_MAX. */
+
+ for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
+ if (*p == '.') {
+ if (dot)
+ return false;
+
+ dot = true;
+ } else {
+ if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
+ return false;
+
+ dot = false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (dot)
+ return false;
+
+ if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
+ char *p, *d;
+ bool dot;
+
+ for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
+ if (*p == '.') {
+ if (dot)
+ continue;
+
+ *(d++) = '.';
+ dot = true;
+ } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
+ *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
+ dot = false;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ if (dot && d > s)
+ d[-1] = 0;
+ else
+ *d = 0;
+
+ strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
+
+ if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
+ return false;
+
+ /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
+ * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
+ * limitation. */
+
+ if (strlen(s) > 64)
+ return false;
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+int pipe_eof(int fd) {
+ struct pollfd pollfd = {
+ .fd = fd,
+ .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
+ };
+
+ int r;
+
+ r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (r == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
+}
+
+int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
+
+ struct pollfd pollfd = {
+ .fd = fd,
+ .events = event,
+ };
+
+ struct timespec ts;
+ int r;
+
+ r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (r == 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ return pollfd.revents;
+}
+
+int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
+ FILE *f;
+ char *t;
+ int r, fd;
+
+ assert(path);
+ assert(_f);
+ assert(_temp_path);
+
+ r = tempfn_xxxxxx(path, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ free(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ f = fdopen(fd, "we");
+ if (!f) {
+ unlink(t);
+ free(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ *_f = f;
+ *_temp_path = t;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
+ assert(fd >= 0);
+
+ if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
+ _cleanup_close_ int fd;
+
+ fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return fd;
+
+ return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
+}
+
+int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
+ int fd, r;
+ unsigned u;
+
+ /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
+ * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
+ * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
+
+ if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
+ /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
+ * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
+
+ fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return fd;
+
+ loop_write(fd,
+ "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
+ "\033[H" /* move home */
+ "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
+ 10, false);
+ safe_close(fd);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (u <= 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Try to deallocate */
+ fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return fd;
+
+ r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
+ safe_close(fd);
+
+ if (r >= 0)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (errno != EBUSY)
+ return -errno;
+
+ /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
+ * scrollback */
+ fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
+ if (fd < 0)
+ return fd;
+
+ loop_write(fd,
+ "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
+ "\033[H" /* move home */
+ "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
+ 10, false);
+ safe_close(fd);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(from);
+ assert(to);
+
+ r = tempfn_random(to, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
+ unlink_noerrno(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
+ unlink_noerrno(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
+ int r;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ r = tempfn_random(path, &t);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
+ unlink_noerrno(t);
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
+ assert(display);
+
+ return
+ display[0] == ':' &&
+ display[1] >= '0' &&
+ display[1] <= '9';
+}
+
+int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
+ size_t k;
+ char *f, *c;
+
+ assert(display);
+ assert(path);
+
+ if (!display_is_local(display))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
+
+ f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
+ if (!f)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
+ memcpy(c, display+1, k);
+ c[k] = 0;
+
+ *path = f;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int get_user_creds(
+ const char **username,
+ uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
+ const char **home,
+ const char **shell) {
+
+ struct passwd *p;
+ uid_t u;
+
+ assert(username);
+ assert(*username);
+
+ /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
+ * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
+
+ if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
+ *username = "root";
+
+ if (uid)
+ *uid = 0;
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = 0;
+
+ if (home)
+ *home = "/root";
+
+ if (shell)
+ *shell = "/bin/sh";
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
+ errno = 0;
+ p = getpwuid(u);
+
+ /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
+ * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
+ * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
+ * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
+ * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
+ if (p)
+ *username = p->pw_name;
+ } else {
+ errno = 0;
+ p = getpwnam(*username);
+ }
+
+ if (!p)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+ if (uid)
+ *uid = p->pw_uid;
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = p->pw_gid;
+
+ if (home)
+ *home = p->pw_dir;
+
+ if (shell)
+ *shell = p->pw_shell;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
+ struct passwd *p;
+ char *r;
+
+ if (uid == 0)
+ return strdup("root");
+
+ p = getpwuid(uid);
+ if (p)
+ return strdup(p->pw_name);
+
+ if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
+ struct group *p;
+ char *r;
+
+ if (gid == 0)
+ return strdup("root");
+
+ p = getgrgid(gid);
+ if (p)
+ return strdup(p->gr_name);
+
+ if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
+ return NULL;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
+ struct group *g;
+ gid_t id;
+
+ assert(groupname);
+
+ /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
+ * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
+
+ if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
+ *groupname = "root";
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = 0;
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
+ errno = 0;
+ g = getgrgid(id);
+
+ if (g)
+ *groupname = g->gr_name;
+ } else {
+ errno = 0;
+ g = getgrnam(*groupname);
+ }
+
+ if (!g)
+ return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
+
+ if (gid)
+ *gid = g->gr_gid;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
+ gid_t *gids;
+ int ngroups_max, r, i;
+
+ if (getgid() == gid)
+ return 1;
+
+ if (getegid() == gid)
+ return 1;
+
+ ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
+ assert(ngroups_max > 0);
+
+ gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
+
+ r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
+ if (gids[i] == gid)
+ return 1;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int in_group(const char *name) {
+ int r;
+ gid_t gid;
+
+ r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ return in_gid(gid);
+}
+
+int glob_exists(const char *path) {
+ _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+ int k;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ errno = 0;
+ k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
+
+ if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+ return 0;
+ else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ else if (k == 0)
+ return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
+ else
+ return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+}
+
+int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
+ _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
+ int k;
+ char **p;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
+
+ if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+ return -ENOENT;
+ else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
+ return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
+ k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
+ if (k < 0)
+ break;
+ }
+
+ return k;
+}
+
+int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(d);
+ assert(de);
+
+ if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
+ return 0;
+
+ if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ de->d_type =
+ S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
+ S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
+ S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
+ S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
+ S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
+ S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
+ S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
+ DT_UNKNOWN;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
+ _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
+ size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
+ _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
+
+ assert(path);
+
+ /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
+ * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
+ * number. */
+
+ d = opendir(path);
+ if (!d)
+ return -errno;
+
+ for (;;) {
+ struct dirent *de;
+
+ errno = 0;
+ de = readdir(d);
+ if (!de && errno != 0)
+ return -errno;
+ if (!de)
+ break;
+
+ dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
+
+ if (!dirent_is_file(de))
+ continue;
+
+ if (list) {
+ /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
+ if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
+ if (!l[n])
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ l[++n] = NULL;
+ } else
+ n++;
+ }
+
+ if (list) {
+ *list = l;
+ l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
+ }
+
+ return n;
+}
+
+char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
+ va_list ap;
+ size_t l;
+ char *r, *p;
+
+ va_start(ap, x);
+
+ if (x) {
+ l = strlen(x);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *t;
+ size_t n;
+
+ t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+ if (!t)
+ break;
+
+ n = strlen(t);
+ if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
+ va_end(ap);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ l += n;
+ }
+ } else
+ l = 0;
+
+ va_end(ap);
+
+ r = new(char, l+1);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (x) {
+ p = stpcpy(r, x);
+
+ va_start(ap, x);
+
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *t;
+
+ t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
+ if (!t)
+ break;
+
+ p = stpcpy(p, t);
+ }
+
+ va_end(ap);
+ } else
+ r[0] = 0;
+
+ return r;
+}
+
+bool is_main_thread(void) {
+ static thread_local int cached = 0;
+
+ if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
+ cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
+
+ return cached > 0;
+}
+
+int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
+ char *p, *s;
+ int r;
+ unsigned n, m;
+
+ assert(ret);
+
+ /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = access(p, F_OK);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r >= 0) {
+ *ret = d;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = access(p, F_OK);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r < 0)
+ return -ENOENT;
+
+ /* Get parent dev_t */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+
+ r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
+ free(s);
+
+ if (r != 2)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
+ if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ r = access(p, F_OK);
+ free(p);
+
+ if (r >= 0) {
+ *ret = makedev(m, n);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
+ [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
+
+static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
+ [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
+ [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
+ [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
+ [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
+ [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
+ [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
+
+static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
+ [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
+
+static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
+ [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
+ [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
+ [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
+ [LOG_ERR] = "err",
+ [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
+ [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
+ [LOG_INFO] = "info",
+ [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
+
+static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
+ [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
+ [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
+ [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
+ [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
+ [SCHED_RR] = "rr"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
+
+static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
+ [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
+ [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
+ [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
+ [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
+ [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
+ [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
+ [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
+ [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
+ [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
+ [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
+ [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
+ [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
+ [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
+ [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
+ [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
+ [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
+
+static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
+ [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
+ [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
+ [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
+ [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
+};
+
+DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
+
+static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
+ [SIGHUP] = "HUP",
+ [SIGINT] = "INT",
+ [SIGQUIT] = "QUIT",
+ [SIGILL] = "ILL",
+ [SIGTRAP] = "TRAP",
+ [SIGABRT] = "ABRT",
+ [SIGBUS] = "BUS",
+ [SIGFPE] = "FPE",
+ [SIGKILL] = "KILL",
+ [SIGUSR1] = "USR1",
+ [SIGSEGV] = "SEGV",
+ [SIGUSR2] = "USR2",
+ [SIGPIPE] = "PIPE",
+ [SIGALRM] = "ALRM",
+ [SIGTERM] = "TERM",
+#ifdef SIGSTKFLT
+ [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
+#endif
+ [SIGCHLD] = "CHLD",
+ [SIGCONT] = "CONT",
+ [SIGSTOP] = "STOP",
+ [SIGTSTP] = "TSTP",
+ [SIGTTIN] = "TTIN",
+ [SIGTTOU] = "TTOU",
+ [SIGURG] = "URG",
+ [SIGXCPU] = "XCPU",
+ [SIGXFSZ] = "XFSZ",
+ [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
+ [SIGPROF] = "PROF",
+ [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
+ [SIGIO] = "IO",
+ [SIGPWR] = "PWR",
+ [SIGSYS] = "SYS"
+};
+
+DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
+
+const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
+ static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
+ const char *name;
+
+ name = __signal_to_string(signo);
+ if (name)
+ return name;
+
+ if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
+ else
+ snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
+
+ return buf;
+}
+
+int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
+ int signo;
+ int offset = 0;
+ unsigned u;
+
+ signo = __signal_from_string(s);
+ if (signo > 0)
+ return signo;
+
+ if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
+ s += 6;
+ offset = SIGRTMIN;
+ }
+ if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
+ signo = (int) u + offset;
+ if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
+ return signo;
+ }
+ return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+bool kexec_loaded(void) {
+ bool loaded = false;
+ char *s;
+
+ if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
+ if (s[0] == '1')
+ loaded = true;
+ free(s);
+ }
+ return loaded;
+}
+
+int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
+
+ switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
+
+ case O_RDONLY:
+ return PROT_READ;
+
+ case O_WRONLY:
+ return PROT_WRITE;
+
+ case O_RDWR:
+ return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
+
+ default:
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+}
+
+char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
+ unsigned i;
+
+ static const struct {
+ const char *suffix;
+ off_t factor;
+ } table[] = {
+ { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
+ { "K", 1024ULL },
+ };
+
+ if (t == (off_t) -1)
+ return NULL;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
+
+ if (t >= table[i].factor) {
+ snprintf(buf, l,
+ "%llu.%llu%s",
+ (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
+ (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
+ table[i].suffix);
+
+ goto finish;
+ }
+ }
+
+ snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
+
+finish:
+ buf[l-1] = 0;
+ return buf;
+
+}
+
+void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
+ void *r;
+
+ assert(p);
+
+ r = malloc(l);
+ if (!r)
+ return NULL;