+int copy_tree_fd(int dirfd, const char *to, bool merge) {
+
+ struct stat st;
+
+ assert(dirfd >= 0);
+ assert(to);
+
+ if (fstat(dirfd, &st) < 0)
+ return -errno;
+
+ if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
+ return -ENOTDIR;
+
+ return fd_copy_directory(dirfd, NULL, &st, AT_FDCWD, to, st.st_dev, merge);
+}
+