+#define DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC (15*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
+
+static OutputMode arg_output = OUTPUT_SHORT;
+static bool arg_pager_end = false;
+static bool arg_follow = false;
+static bool arg_full = false;
+static bool arg_all = false;
+static bool arg_no_pager = false;
+static int arg_lines = -1;
+static bool arg_no_tail = false;
+static bool arg_quiet = false;
+static bool arg_merge = false;
+static bool arg_boot_id = false;
+static char *arg_boot_id_descriptor = NULL;
+static bool arg_dmesg = false;
+static const char *arg_cursor = NULL;
+static const char *arg_after_cursor = NULL;
+static bool arg_show_cursor = false;
+static const char *arg_directory = NULL;
+static char **arg_file = NULL;
+static int arg_priorities = 0xFF;
+static const char *arg_verify_key = NULL;
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+static usec_t arg_interval = DEFAULT_FSS_INTERVAL_USEC;
+static bool arg_force = false;
+#endif
+static usec_t arg_since, arg_until;
+static bool arg_since_set = false, arg_until_set = false;
+static char **arg_system_units = NULL;
+static char **arg_user_units = NULL;
+static const char *arg_field = NULL;
+static bool arg_catalog = false;
+static bool arg_reverse = false;
+static int arg_journal_type = 0;
+static const char *arg_root = NULL;
+
+static enum {
+ ACTION_SHOW,
+ ACTION_NEW_ID128,
+ ACTION_PRINT_HEADER,
+ ACTION_SETUP_KEYS,
+ ACTION_VERIFY,
+ ACTION_DISK_USAGE,
+ ACTION_LIST_CATALOG,
+ ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG,
+ ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG
+} arg_action = ACTION_SHOW;
+
+typedef struct boot_id_t {
+ sd_id128_t id;
+ uint64_t timestamp;
+} boot_id_t;
+
+static int help(void) {
+
+ printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]\n\n"
+ "Query the journal.\n\n"
+ "Flags:\n"
+ " --system Show only the system journal\n"
+ " --user Show only the user journal for current user\n"
+ " --since=DATE Start showing entries newer or of the specified date\n"
+ " --until=DATE Stop showing entries older or of the specified date\n"
+ " -c --cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from specified cursor\n"
+ " --after-cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from specified cursor\n"
+ " --show-cursor Print the cursor after all the entries\n"
+ " -b --boot[=ID] Show data only from ID or current boot if unspecified\n"
+ " -k --dmesg Show kernel message log from current boot\n"
+ " -u --unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified unit\n"
+ " --user-unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified user session unit\n"
+ " -p --priority=RANGE Show only messages within the specified priority range\n"
+ " -e --pager-end Immediately jump to end of the journal in the pager\n"
+ " -f --follow Follow journal\n"
+ " -n --lines[=INTEGER] Number of journal entries to show\n"
+ " --no-tail Show all lines, even in follow mode\n"
+ " -r --reverse Show the newest entries first\n"
+ " -o --output=STRING Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,\n"
+ " verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n"
+ " -x --catalog Add message explanations where available\n"
+ " -l --full Do not ellipsize fields\n"
+ " -a --all Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
+ " -q --quiet Don't show privilege warning\n"
+ " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+ " -m --merge Show entries from all available journals\n"
+ " -D --directory=PATH Show journal files from directory\n"
+ " --file=PATH Show journal file\n"
+ " --root=ROOT Operate on catalog files underneath the root ROOT\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+ " --interval=TIME Time interval for changing the FSS sealing key\n"
+ " --verify-key=KEY Specify FSS verification key\n"
+ " --force Force overriding new FSS key pair with --setup-keys\n"
+#endif
+ "\nCommands:\n"
+ " -h --help Show this help\n"
+ " --version Show package version\n"
+ " --new-id128 Generate a new 128 Bit ID\n"
+ " --header Show journal header information\n"
+ " --disk-usage Show total disk usage\n"
+ " -F --field=FIELD List all values a certain field takes\n"
+ " --list-catalog Show message IDs of all entries in the message catalog\n"
+ " --dump-catalog Show entries in the message catalog\n"
+ " --update-catalog Update the message catalog database\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+ " --setup-keys Generate new FSS key pair\n"
+ " --verify Verify journal file consistency\n"
+#endif
+ , program_invocation_short_name);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+ enum {
+ ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+ ARG_NO_PAGER,
+ ARG_NO_TAIL,
+ ARG_NEW_ID128,
+ ARG_USER,
+ ARG_SYSTEM,
+ ARG_ROOT,
+ ARG_HEADER,
+ ARG_SETUP_KEYS,
+ ARG_FILE,
+ ARG_INTERVAL,
+ ARG_VERIFY,
+ ARG_VERIFY_KEY,
+ ARG_DISK_USAGE,
+ ARG_SINCE,
+ ARG_UNTIL,
+ ARG_AFTER_CURSOR,
+ ARG_SHOW_CURSOR,
+ ARG_USER_UNIT,
+ ARG_LIST_CATALOG,
+ ARG_DUMP_CATALOG,
+ ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG,
+ ARG_FORCE,
+ };
+
+ static const struct option options[] = {
+ { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
+ { "version" , no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
+ { "no-pager", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER },
+ { "pager-end", no_argument, NULL, 'e' },
+ { "follow", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
+ { "force", no_argument, NULL, ARG_FORCE },
+ { "output", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
+ { "all", no_argument, NULL, 'a' },
+ { "full", no_argument, NULL, 'l' },
+ { "lines", optional_argument, NULL, 'n' },
+ { "no-tail", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_TAIL },
+ { "new-id128", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NEW_ID128 },
+ { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
+ { "merge", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
+ { "boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' },
+ { "this-boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' }, /* deprecated */
+ { "dmesg", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
+ { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
+ { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
+ { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
+ { "file", required_argument, NULL, ARG_FILE },
+ { "root", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT },
+ { "header", no_argument, NULL, ARG_HEADER },
+ { "priority", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
+ { "setup-keys", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SETUP_KEYS },
+ { "interval", required_argument, NULL, ARG_INTERVAL },
+ { "verify", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY },
+ { "verify-key", required_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY_KEY },
+ { "disk-usage", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DISK_USAGE },
+ { "cursor", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
+ { "after-cursor", required_argument, NULL, ARG_AFTER_CURSOR },
+ { "show-cursor", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_CURSOR },
+ { "since", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SINCE },
+ { "until", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNTIL },
+ { "unit", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
+ { "user-unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_USER_UNIT },
+ { "field", required_argument, NULL, 'F' },
+ { "catalog", no_argument, NULL, 'x' },
+ { "list-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST_CATALOG },
+ { "dump-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CATALOG },
+ { "update-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG },
+ { "reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
+ { NULL, 0, NULL, 0 }
+ };
+
+ int c, r;
+
+ assert(argc >= 0);
+ assert(argv);
+
+ while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hefo:aln::qmb::kD:p:c:u:F:xr", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+
+ switch (c) {
+
+ case 'h':
+ help();
+ return 0;
+
+ case ARG_VERSION:
+ puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
+ puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
+ return 0;
+
+ case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+ arg_no_pager = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'e':
+ arg_pager_end = true;
+
+ if (arg_lines < 0)
+ arg_lines = 1000;
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'f':
+ arg_follow = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'o':
+ arg_output = output_mode_from_string(optarg);
+ if (arg_output < 0) {
+ log_error("Unknown output format '%s'.", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_output == OUTPUT_EXPORT ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_PRETTY ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_SSE ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_CAT)
+ arg_quiet = true;
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'l':
+ arg_full = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'a':
+ arg_all = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'n':
+ if (optarg) {
+ r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_lines);
+ if (r < 0 || arg_lines < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ } else {
+ int n;
+
+ /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
+ * word on the command line is
+ * supposed to be the argument? Let's
+ * see if there is one, and is
+ * parsable as a positive
+ * integer... */
+
+ if (optind < argc &&
+ safe_atoi(argv[optind], &n) >= 0 &&
+ n >= 0) {
+
+ arg_lines = n;
+ optind++;
+ } else
+ arg_lines = 10;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NO_TAIL:
+ arg_no_tail = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NEW_ID128:
+ arg_action = ACTION_NEW_ID128;
+ break;
+
+ case 'q':
+ arg_quiet = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'm':
+ arg_merge = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'b':
+ if (optarg)
+ arg_boot_id_descriptor = optarg;
+ else if (optind < argc && argv[optind][0] != '-') {
+ arg_boot_id_descriptor = argv[optind];
+ optind++;
+ }
+ arg_boot_id = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'k':
+ arg_boot_id = arg_dmesg = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SYSTEM:
+ arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_USER:
+ arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER;
+ break;
+
+ case 'D':
+ arg_directory = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_FILE:
+ r = glob_extend(&arg_file, optarg);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to add paths: %s", strerror(-r));
+ return r;
+ };
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ROOT:
+ arg_root = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case 'c':
+ arg_cursor = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_AFTER_CURSOR:
+ arg_after_cursor = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SHOW_CURSOR:
+ arg_show_cursor = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_HEADER:
+ arg_action = ACTION_PRINT_HEADER;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_VERIFY:
+ arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DISK_USAGE:
+ arg_action = ACTION_DISK_USAGE;
+ break;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+ case ARG_FORCE:
+ arg_force = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SETUP_KEYS:
+ arg_action = ACTION_SETUP_KEYS;
+ break;
+
+
+ case ARG_VERIFY_KEY:
+ arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
+ arg_verify_key = optarg;
+ arg_merge = false;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_INTERVAL:
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_interval);
+ if (r < 0 || arg_interval <= 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse sealing key change interval: %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ break;
+#else
+ case ARG_SETUP_KEYS:
+ case ARG_VERIFY_KEY:
+ case ARG_INTERVAL:
+ case ARG_FORCE:
+ log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
+ return -ENOTSUP;
+#endif
+
+ case 'p': {
+ const char *dots;
+
+ dots = strstr(optarg, "..");
+ if (dots) {
+ char *a;
+ int from, to, i;
+
+ /* a range */
+ a = strndup(optarg, dots - optarg);
+ if (!a)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ from = log_level_from_string(a);
+ to = log_level_from_string(dots + 2);
+ free(a);
+
+ if (from < 0 || to < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse log level range %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ arg_priorities = 0;
+
+ if (from < to) {
+ for (i = from; i <= to; i++)
+ arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
+ } else {
+ for (i = to; i <= from; i++)
+ arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
+ }
+
+ } else {
+ int p, i;
+
+ p = log_level_from_string(optarg);
+ if (p < 0) {
+ log_error("Unknown log level %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ arg_priorities = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i <= p; i++)
+ arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
+ }
+
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case ARG_SINCE:
+ r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_since);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ arg_since_set = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_UNTIL:
+ r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_until);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ arg_until_set = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'u':
+ r = strv_extend(&arg_system_units, optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_USER_UNIT:
+ r = strv_extend(&arg_user_units, optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ break;
+
+ case '?':
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ case 'F':
+ arg_field = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case 'x':
+ arg_catalog = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_LIST_CATALOG:
+ arg_action = ACTION_LIST_CATALOG;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DUMP_CATALOG:
+ arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG:
+ arg_action = ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG;
+ break;
+
+ case 'r':
+ arg_reverse = true;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ log_error("Unknown option code %c", c);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (arg_follow && !arg_no_tail && arg_lines < 0)
+ arg_lines = 10;
+
+ if (arg_directory && arg_file) {
+ log_error("Please specify either -D/--directory= or --file=, not both.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_since_set && arg_until_set && arg_since > arg_until) {
+ log_error("--since= must be before --until=.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (!!arg_cursor + !!arg_after_cursor + !!arg_since_set > 1) {
+ log_error("Please specify only one of --since=, --cursor=, and --after-cursor.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_follow && arg_reverse) {
+ log_error("Please specify either --reverse= or --follow=, not both.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int generate_new_id128(void) {
+ sd_id128_t id;
+ int r;
+ unsigned i;
+
+ r = sd_id128_randomize(&id);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to generate ID: %s", strerror(-r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ printf("As string:\n"
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "\n\n"
+ "As UUID:\n"
+ "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x\n\n"
+ "As macro:\n"
+ "#define MESSAGE_XYZ SD_ID128_MAKE(",
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id),
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
+ for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+ printf("%02x%s", id.bytes[i], i != 15 ? "," : "");
+ fputs(")\n\n", stdout);
+
+ printf("As Python constant:\n"
+ ">>> import uuid\n"
+ ">>> MESSAGE_XYZ = uuid.UUID('" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "')\n",
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
+
+ return 0;
+}