+static int parse_boot_descriptor(const char *x, sd_id128_t *boot_id, int *offset) {
+ sd_id128_t id = SD_ID128_NULL;
+ int off = 0, r;
+
+ if (strlen(x) >= 32) {
+ char *t;
+
+ t = strndupa(x, 32);
+ r = sd_id128_from_string(t, &id);
+ if (r >= 0)
+ x += 32;
+
+ if (*x != '-' && *x != '+' && *x != 0)
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (*x != 0) {
+ r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+ } else {
+ r = safe_atoi(x, &off);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ if (boot_id)
+ *boot_id = id;
+
+ if (offset)
+ *offset = off;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int help(void) {
+
+ pager_open_if_enabled();
+
+ printf("%s [OPTIONS...] [MATCHES...]\n\n"
+ "Query the journal.\n\n"
+ "Flags:\n"
+ " --system Show only the system journal\n"
+ " --user Show only the user journal for the current user\n"
+ " -M --machine=CONTAINER Operate on local container\n"
+ " --since=DATE Start showing entries on or newer than the specified date\n"
+ " --until=DATE Stop showing entries on or older than the specified date\n"
+ " -c --cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from the specified cursor\n"
+ " --after-cursor=CURSOR Start showing entries from after the specified cursor\n"
+ " --show-cursor Print the cursor after all the entries\n"
+ " -b --boot[=ID] Show data only from ID or, if unspecified, the current boot\n"
+ " --list-boots Show terse information about recorded boots\n"
+ " -k --dmesg Show kernel message log from the current boot\n"
+ " -u --unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified unit\n"
+ " --user-unit=UNIT Show data only from the specified user session unit\n"
+ " -p --priority=RANGE Show only messages within the specified priority range\n"
+ " -e --pager-end Immediately jump to end of the journal in the pager\n"
+ " -f --follow Follow the journal\n"
+ " -n --lines[=INTEGER] Number of journal entries to show\n"
+ " --no-tail Show all lines, even in follow mode\n"
+ " -r --reverse Show the newest entries first\n"
+ " -o --output=STRING Change journal output mode (short, short-iso,\n"
+ " short-precise, short-monotonic, verbose,\n"
+ " export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)\n"
+ " -x --catalog Add message explanations where available\n"
+ " --no-full Ellipsize fields\n"
+ " -a --all Show all fields, including long and unprintable\n"
+ " -q --quiet Do not show privilege warning\n"
+ " --no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager\n"
+ " -m --merge Show entries from all available journals\n"
+ " -D --directory=PATH Show journal files from directory\n"
+ " --file=PATH Show journal file\n"
+ " --root=ROOT Operate on catalog files underneath the root ROOT\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+ " --interval=TIME Time interval for changing the FSS sealing key\n"
+ " --verify-key=KEY Specify FSS verification key\n"
+ " --force Force overriding of the FSS key pair with --setup-keys\n"
+#endif
+ "\nCommands:\n"
+ " -h --help Show this help text\n"
+ " --version Show package version\n"
+ " --new-id128 Generate a new 128-bit ID\n"
+ " --header Show journal header information\n"
+ " --disk-usage Show total disk usage of all journal files\n"
+ " -F --field=FIELD List all values that a specified field takes\n"
+ " --list-catalog Show message IDs of all entries in the message catalog\n"
+ " --dump-catalog Show entries in the message catalog\n"
+ " --update-catalog Update the message catalog database\n"
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+ " --setup-keys Generate a new FSS key pair\n"
+ " --verify Verify journal file consistency\n"
+#endif
+ , program_invocation_short_name);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int parse_argv(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+ enum {
+ ARG_VERSION = 0x100,
+ ARG_NO_PAGER,
+ ARG_NO_FULL,
+ ARG_NO_TAIL,
+ ARG_NEW_ID128,
+ ARG_LIST_BOOTS,
+ ARG_USER,
+ ARG_SYSTEM,
+ ARG_ROOT,
+ ARG_HEADER,
+ ARG_SETUP_KEYS,
+ ARG_FILE,
+ ARG_INTERVAL,
+ ARG_VERIFY,
+ ARG_VERIFY_KEY,
+ ARG_DISK_USAGE,
+ ARG_SINCE,
+ ARG_UNTIL,
+ ARG_AFTER_CURSOR,
+ ARG_SHOW_CURSOR,
+ ARG_USER_UNIT,
+ ARG_LIST_CATALOG,
+ ARG_DUMP_CATALOG,
+ ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG,
+ ARG_FORCE,
+ };
+
+ static const struct option options[] = {
+ { "help", no_argument, NULL, 'h' },
+ { "version" , no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERSION },
+ { "no-pager", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_PAGER },
+ { "pager-end", no_argument, NULL, 'e' },
+ { "follow", no_argument, NULL, 'f' },
+ { "force", no_argument, NULL, ARG_FORCE },
+ { "output", required_argument, NULL, 'o' },
+ { "all", no_argument, NULL, 'a' },
+ { "full", no_argument, NULL, 'l' },
+ { "no-full", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_FULL },
+ { "lines", optional_argument, NULL, 'n' },
+ { "no-tail", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NO_TAIL },
+ { "new-id128", no_argument, NULL, ARG_NEW_ID128 },
+ { "quiet", no_argument, NULL, 'q' },
+ { "merge", no_argument, NULL, 'm' },
+ { "boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' },
+ { "list-boots", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST_BOOTS },
+ { "this-boot", optional_argument, NULL, 'b' }, /* deprecated */
+ { "dmesg", no_argument, NULL, 'k' },
+ { "system", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SYSTEM },
+ { "user", no_argument, NULL, ARG_USER },
+ { "directory", required_argument, NULL, 'D' },
+ { "file", required_argument, NULL, ARG_FILE },
+ { "root", required_argument, NULL, ARG_ROOT },
+ { "header", no_argument, NULL, ARG_HEADER },
+ { "priority", required_argument, NULL, 'p' },
+ { "setup-keys", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SETUP_KEYS },
+ { "interval", required_argument, NULL, ARG_INTERVAL },
+ { "verify", no_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY },
+ { "verify-key", required_argument, NULL, ARG_VERIFY_KEY },
+ { "disk-usage", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DISK_USAGE },
+ { "cursor", required_argument, NULL, 'c' },
+ { "after-cursor", required_argument, NULL, ARG_AFTER_CURSOR },
+ { "show-cursor", no_argument, NULL, ARG_SHOW_CURSOR },
+ { "since", required_argument, NULL, ARG_SINCE },
+ { "until", required_argument, NULL, ARG_UNTIL },
+ { "unit", required_argument, NULL, 'u' },
+ { "user-unit", required_argument, NULL, ARG_USER_UNIT },
+ { "field", required_argument, NULL, 'F' },
+ { "catalog", no_argument, NULL, 'x' },
+ { "list-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_LIST_CATALOG },
+ { "dump-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_DUMP_CATALOG },
+ { "update-catalog", no_argument, NULL, ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG },
+ { "reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r' },
+ { "machine", required_argument, NULL, 'M' },
+ {}
+ };
+
+ int c, r;
+
+ assert(argc >= 0);
+ assert(argv);
+
+ while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "hefo:aln::qmb::kD:p:c:u:F:xrM:", options, NULL)) >= 0) {
+
+ switch (c) {
+
+ case 'h':
+ return help();
+
+ case ARG_VERSION:
+ puts(PACKAGE_STRING);
+ puts(SYSTEMD_FEATURES);
+ return 0;
+
+ case ARG_NO_PAGER:
+ arg_no_pager = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'e':
+ arg_pager_end = true;
+
+ if (arg_lines < 0)
+ arg_lines = 1000;
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'f':
+ arg_follow = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'o':
+ arg_output = output_mode_from_string(optarg);
+ if (arg_output < 0) {
+ log_error("Unknown output format '%s'.", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_output == OUTPUT_EXPORT ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_PRETTY ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_JSON_SSE ||
+ arg_output == OUTPUT_CAT)
+ arg_quiet = true;
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'l':
+ arg_full = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NO_FULL:
+ arg_full = false;
+ break;
+
+ case 'a':
+ arg_all = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'n':
+ if (optarg) {
+ r = safe_atoi(optarg, &arg_lines);
+ if (r < 0 || arg_lines < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse lines '%s'", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ } else {
+ int n;
+
+ /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
+ * word on the command line is
+ * supposed to be the argument? Let's
+ * see if there is one, and is
+ * parsable as a positive
+ * integer... */
+
+ if (optind < argc &&
+ safe_atoi(argv[optind], &n) >= 0 &&
+ n >= 0) {
+
+ arg_lines = n;
+ optind++;
+ } else
+ arg_lines = 10;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NO_TAIL:
+ arg_no_tail = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_NEW_ID128:
+ arg_action = ACTION_NEW_ID128;
+ break;
+
+ case 'q':
+ arg_quiet = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'm':
+ arg_merge = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'b':
+ arg_boot = true;
+
+ if (optarg) {
+ r = parse_boot_descriptor(optarg, &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse boot descriptor '%s'", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ } else {
+
+ /* Hmm, no argument? Maybe the next
+ * word on the command line is
+ * supposed to be the argument? Let's
+ * see if there is one and is parsable
+ * as a boot descriptor... */
+
+ if (optind < argc &&
+ parse_boot_descriptor(argv[optind], &arg_boot_id, &arg_boot_offset) >= 0)
+ optind++;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_LIST_BOOTS:
+ arg_action = ACTION_LIST_BOOTS;
+ break;
+
+ case 'k':
+ arg_boot = arg_dmesg = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SYSTEM:
+ arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_SYSTEM;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_USER:
+ arg_journal_type |= SD_JOURNAL_CURRENT_USER;
+ break;
+
+ case 'M':
+ arg_machine = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case 'D':
+ arg_directory = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_FILE:
+ r = glob_extend(&arg_file, optarg);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to add paths: %s", strerror(-r));
+ return r;
+ };
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_ROOT:
+ arg_root = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case 'c':
+ arg_cursor = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_AFTER_CURSOR:
+ arg_after_cursor = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SHOW_CURSOR:
+ arg_show_cursor = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_HEADER:
+ arg_action = ACTION_PRINT_HEADER;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_VERIFY:
+ arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DISK_USAGE:
+ arg_action = ACTION_DISK_USAGE;
+ break;
+
+#ifdef HAVE_GCRYPT
+ case ARG_FORCE:
+ arg_force = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_SETUP_KEYS:
+ arg_action = ACTION_SETUP_KEYS;
+ break;
+
+
+ case ARG_VERIFY_KEY:
+ arg_action = ACTION_VERIFY;
+ arg_verify_key = optarg;
+ arg_merge = false;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_INTERVAL:
+ r = parse_sec(optarg, &arg_interval);
+ if (r < 0 || arg_interval <= 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse sealing key change interval: %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ break;
+#else
+ case ARG_SETUP_KEYS:
+ case ARG_VERIFY_KEY:
+ case ARG_INTERVAL:
+ case ARG_FORCE:
+ log_error("Forward-secure sealing not available.");
+ return -ENOTSUP;
+#endif
+
+ case 'p': {
+ const char *dots;
+
+ dots = strstr(optarg, "..");
+ if (dots) {
+ char *a;
+ int from, to, i;
+
+ /* a range */
+ a = strndup(optarg, dots - optarg);
+ if (!a)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ from = log_level_from_string(a);
+ to = log_level_from_string(dots + 2);
+ free(a);
+
+ if (from < 0 || to < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse log level range %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ arg_priorities = 0;
+
+ if (from < to) {
+ for (i = from; i <= to; i++)
+ arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
+ } else {
+ for (i = to; i <= from; i++)
+ arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
+ }
+
+ } else {
+ int p, i;
+
+ p = log_level_from_string(optarg);
+ if (p < 0) {
+ log_error("Unknown log level %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ arg_priorities = 0;
+
+ for (i = 0; i <= p; i++)
+ arg_priorities |= 1 << i;
+ }
+
+ break;
+ }
+
+ case ARG_SINCE:
+ r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_since);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ arg_since_set = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_UNTIL:
+ r = parse_timestamp(optarg, &arg_until);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to parse timestamp: %s", optarg);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+ arg_until_set = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 'u':
+ r = strv_extend(&arg_system_units, optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_USER_UNIT:
+ r = strv_extend(&arg_user_units, optarg);
+ if (r < 0)
+ return log_oom();
+ break;
+
+ case 'F':
+ arg_field = optarg;
+ break;
+
+ case 'x':
+ arg_catalog = true;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_LIST_CATALOG:
+ arg_action = ACTION_LIST_CATALOG;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_DUMP_CATALOG:
+ arg_action = ACTION_DUMP_CATALOG;
+ break;
+
+ case ARG_UPDATE_CATALOG:
+ arg_action = ACTION_UPDATE_CATALOG;
+ break;
+
+ case 'r':
+ arg_reverse = true;
+ break;
+
+ case '?':
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ default:
+ assert_not_reached("Unhandled option");
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (arg_follow && !arg_no_tail && arg_lines < 0)
+ arg_lines = 10;
+
+ if (!!arg_directory + !!arg_file + !!arg_machine > 1) {
+ log_error("Please specify either -D/--directory= or --file= or -M/--machine=, not more than one.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_since_set && arg_until_set && arg_since > arg_until) {
+ log_error("--since= must be before --until=.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (!!arg_cursor + !!arg_after_cursor + !!arg_since_set > 1) {
+ log_error("Please specify only one of --since=, --cursor=, and --after-cursor.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (arg_follow && arg_reverse) {
+ log_error("Please specify either --reverse= or --follow=, not both.");
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int generate_new_id128(void) {
+ sd_id128_t id;
+ int r;
+ unsigned i;
+
+ r = sd_id128_randomize(&id);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to generate ID: %s", strerror(-r));
+ return r;
+ }
+
+ printf("As string:\n"
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "\n\n"
+ "As UUID:\n"
+ "%02x%02x%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x-%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x\n\n"
+ "As macro:\n"
+ "#define MESSAGE_XYZ SD_ID128_MAKE(",
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id),
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
+ for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+ printf("%02x%s", id.bytes[i], i != 15 ? "," : "");
+ fputs(")\n\n", stdout);
+
+ printf("As Python constant:\n"
+ ">>> import uuid\n"
+ ">>> MESSAGE_XYZ = uuid.UUID('" SD_ID128_FORMAT_STR "')\n",
+ SD_ID128_FORMAT_VAL(id));
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int add_matches(sd_journal *j, char **args) {
+ char **i;
+
+ assert(j);
+
+ STRV_FOREACH(i, args) {
+ int r;
+
+ if (streq(*i, "+"))
+ r = sd_journal_add_disjunction(j);
+ else if (path_is_absolute(*i)) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *p, *t = NULL, *t2 = NULL;
+ const char *path;
+ _cleanup_free_ char *interpreter = NULL;
+ struct stat st;
+
+ p = canonicalize_file_name(*i);
+ path = p ? p : *i;
+
+ if (stat(path, &st) < 0) {
+ log_error("Couldn't stat file: %m");
+ return -errno;
+ }
+
+ if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode) && (0111 & st.st_mode)) {
+ if (executable_is_script(path, &interpreter) > 0) {
+ _cleanup_free_ char *comm;
+
+ comm = strndup(basename(path), 15);
+ if (!comm)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ t = strappend("_COMM=", comm);
+
+ /* Append _EXE only if the interpreter is not a link.
+ Otherwise it might be outdated often. */
+ if (lstat(interpreter, &st) == 0 &&
+ !S_ISLNK(st.st_mode)) {
+ t2 = strappend("_EXE=", interpreter);
+ if (!t2)
+ return log_oom();
+ }
+ } else
+ t = strappend("_EXE=", path);
+ } else if (S_ISCHR(st.st_mode))
+ asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=c%u:%u", major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev));
+ else if (S_ISBLK(st.st_mode))
+ asprintf(&t, "_KERNEL_DEVICE=b%u:%u", major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev));
+ else {
+ log_error("File is neither a device node, nor regular file, nor executable: %s", *i);
+ return -EINVAL;
+ }
+
+ if (!t)
+ return log_oom();
+
+ r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t, 0);
+ if (t2)
+ r = sd_journal_add_match(j, t2, 0);
+ } else
+ r = sd_journal_add_match(j, *i, 0);
+
+ if (r < 0) {
+ log_error("Failed to add match '%s': %s", *i, strerror(-r));
+ return r;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int boot_id_cmp(const void *a, const void *b) {
+ uint64_t _a, _b;
+
+ _a = ((const boot_id_t *)a)->first;
+ _b = ((const boot_id_t *)b)->first;
+
+ return _a < _b ? -1 : (_a > _b ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+static int list_boots(sd_journal *j) {
+ int r;
+ const void *data;
+ unsigned int count = 0;
+ int w, i;
+ size_t length, allocated = 0;
+ boot_id_t *id;
+ _cleanup_free_ boot_id_t *all_ids = NULL;
+
+ r = sd_journal_query_unique(j, "_BOOT_ID");
+ if (r < 0)
+ return r;