1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
46 #include <sys/prctl.h>
47 #include <sys/utsname.h>
49 #include <netinet/ip.h>
61 #include "exit-status.h"
64 size_t page_size(void) {
65 static __thread size_t pgsz = 0;
71 assert_se((r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE)) > 0);
78 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
80 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
91 usec_t now(clockid_t clock_id) {
94 assert_se(clock_gettime(clock_id, &ts) == 0);
96 return timespec_load(&ts);
99 dual_timestamp* dual_timestamp_get(dual_timestamp *ts) {
102 ts->realtime = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
103 ts->monotonic = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
108 usec_t timespec_load(const struct timespec *ts) {
112 (usec_t) ts->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
113 (usec_t) ts->tv_nsec / NSEC_PER_USEC;
116 struct timespec *timespec_store(struct timespec *ts, usec_t u) {
119 ts->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
120 ts->tv_nsec = (long int) ((u % USEC_PER_SEC) * NSEC_PER_USEC);
125 usec_t timeval_load(const struct timeval *tv) {
129 (usec_t) tv->tv_sec * USEC_PER_SEC +
130 (usec_t) tv->tv_usec;
133 struct timeval *timeval_store(struct timeval *tv, usec_t u) {
136 tv->tv_sec = (time_t) (u / USEC_PER_SEC);
137 tv->tv_usec = (suseconds_t) (u % USEC_PER_SEC);
142 bool endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
149 pl = strlen(postfix);
157 return memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) == 0;
160 bool startswith(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
175 return memcmp(s, prefix, pl) == 0;
178 bool startswith_no_case(const char *s, const char *prefix) {
194 for(i = 0; i < pl; ++i) {
195 if (tolower(s[i]) != tolower(prefix[i]))
202 bool first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
217 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
221 strchr(WHITESPACE, s[wl]);
224 int close_nointr(int fd) {
230 if ((r = close(fd)) >= 0)
238 void close_nointr_nofail(int fd) {
239 int saved_errno = errno;
241 /* like close_nointr() but cannot fail, and guarantees errno
244 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) == 0);
249 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
252 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
253 close_nointr_nofail(fds[i]);
256 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
259 if (streq(v, "1") || v[0] == 'y' || v[0] == 'Y' || v[0] == 't' || v[0] == 'T' || !strcasecmp(v, "on"))
261 else if (streq(v, "0") || v[0] == 'n' || v[0] == 'N' || v[0] == 'f' || v[0] == 'F' || !strcasecmp(v, "off"))
267 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
268 unsigned long ul = 0;
275 if ((r = safe_atolu(s, &ul)) < 0)
280 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
290 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
298 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
300 if (!x || *x || errno)
301 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
303 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
306 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
310 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
318 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
320 if (!x || *x || errno)
321 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
323 if ((long) (int) l != l)
330 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
332 unsigned long long l;
338 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
340 if (!x || *x || errno)
341 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
347 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
355 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
357 if (!x || *x || errno)
358 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
364 /* Split a string into words. */
365 char *split(const char *c, size_t *l, const char *separator, char **state) {
368 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
370 if (!*current || *c == 0)
373 current += strspn(current, separator);
374 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
377 return (char*) current;
380 /* Split a string into words, but consider strings enclosed in '' and
381 * "" as words even if they include spaces. */
382 char *split_quoted(const char *c, size_t *l, char **state) {
384 bool escaped = false;
386 current = *state ? *state : (char*) c;
388 if (!*current || *c == 0)
391 current += strspn(current, WHITESPACE);
393 if (*current == '\'') {
396 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
406 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
407 } else if (*current == '\"') {
410 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
420 *state = *e == 0 ? e : e+1;
422 for (e = current; *e; e++) {
427 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
434 return (char*) current;
437 char **split_path_and_make_absolute(const char *p) {
441 if (!(l = strv_split(p, ":")))
444 if (!strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(l)) {
452 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
455 char fn[132], line[256], *p;
461 assert_se(snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn)-1, "/proc/%lu/stat", (unsigned long) pid) < (int) (sizeof(fn)-1));
462 fn[sizeof(fn)-1] = 0;
464 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "r")))
467 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
475 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
476 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
477 * skip over it manually */
479 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
490 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
493 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
498 int write_one_line_file(const char *fn, const char *line) {
505 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "we")))
508 if (fputs(line, f) < 0) {
513 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
531 int read_one_line_file(const char *fn, char **line) {
534 char t[LINE_MAX], *c;
539 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
542 if (!(fgets(t, sizeof(t), f))) {
547 if (!(c = strdup(t))) {
560 int read_full_file(const char *fn, char **contents) {
567 if (!(f = fopen(fn, "re")))
570 if (fstat(fileno(f), &st) < 0) {
575 n = st.st_size > 0 ? st.st_size : LINE_MAX;
582 if (!(t = realloc(buf, n+1))) {
588 k = fread(buf + l, 1, n - l, f);
603 if (n > 4*1024*1024) {
611 else if (!(buf = calloc(1, 1))) {
630 const char *separator, ...) {
638 if ((r = read_full_file(fname, &contents)) < 0)
643 const char *key = NULL;
645 p += strspn(p, separator);
646 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
651 if (!strchr(COMMENTS, *p)) {
655 va_start(ap, separator);
656 while ((key = va_arg(ap, char *))) {
660 value = va_arg(ap, char **);
663 if (strncmp(p, key, n) != 0 ||
668 n = strcspn(p, separator);
671 strchr(QUOTES, p[0]) &&
673 v = strndup(p+1, n-2);
684 /* return empty value strings as NULL */
701 p += strcspn(p, separator);
720 if (!(f = fopen(fname, "re")))
724 char l[LINE_MAX], *p, *u;
727 if (!fgets(l, sizeof(l), f)) {
740 if (strchr(COMMENTS, *p))
743 if (!(u = normalize_env_assignment(p))) {
744 log_error("Out of memory");
749 t = strv_append(m, u);
753 log_error("Out of memory");
776 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
779 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
783 int get_process_name(pid_t pid, char **name) {
790 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/comm", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
793 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
803 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, char **line) {
811 assert(max_length > 0);
814 if (asprintf(&p, "/proc/%lu/cmdline", (unsigned long) pid) < 0)
823 if (!(r = new(char, max_length))) {
830 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
852 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
860 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
867 if ((h = get_process_name(pid, &t)) < 0)
870 h = asprintf(&r, "[%s]", t);
881 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
889 return strndup(suffix, b);
899 if (!(r = new(char, a+b+1)))
903 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
909 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
910 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
913 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **r) {
923 if (!(c = new(char, l)))
926 if ((n = readlink(p, c, l-1)) < 0) {
932 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
943 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
950 if ((j = readlink_malloc(p, &target)) < 0)
953 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
963 int parent_of_path(const char *path, char **_r) {
964 const char *e, *a = NULL, *b = NULL, *p;
974 for (e = path; *e; e++) {
976 if (!slash && *e == '/') {
980 } else if (slash && *e != '/')
995 r = strndup(path, p-path);
1005 char *file_name_from_path(const char *p) {
1010 if ((r = strrchr(p, '/')))
1016 bool path_is_absolute(const char *p) {
1022 bool is_path(const char *p) {
1024 return !!strchr(p, '/');
1027 char *path_make_absolute(const char *p, const char *prefix) {
1032 /* Makes every item in the list an absolute path by prepending
1033 * the prefix, if specified and necessary */
1035 if (path_is_absolute(p) || !prefix)
1038 if (asprintf(&r, "%s/%s", prefix, p) < 0)
1044 char *path_make_absolute_cwd(const char *p) {
1049 /* Similar to path_make_absolute(), but prefixes with the
1050 * current working directory. */
1052 if (path_is_absolute(p))
1055 if (!(cwd = get_current_dir_name()))
1058 r = path_make_absolute(p, cwd);
1064 char **strv_path_make_absolute_cwd(char **l) {
1067 /* Goes through every item in the string list and makes it
1068 * absolute. This works in place and won't rollback any
1069 * changes on failure. */
1071 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1074 if (!(t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s)))
1084 char **strv_path_canonicalize(char **l) {
1087 bool enomem = false;
1089 if (strv_isempty(l))
1092 /* Goes through every item in the string list and canonicalize
1093 * the path. This works in place and won't rollback any
1094 * changes on failure. */
1096 STRV_FOREACH(s, l) {
1099 t = path_make_absolute_cwd(*s);
1108 u = canonicalize_file_name(t);
1112 if (errno == ENOMEM || !errno)
1129 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
1132 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
1133 struct sigaction sa;
1135 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
1139 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
1140 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
1142 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
1143 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
1144 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
1145 if (errno != EINVAL)
1152 char *strstrip(char *s) {
1155 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
1156 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
1158 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
1160 for (e = s; *e; e++)
1161 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *e))
1172 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
1175 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
1177 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1178 if (strchr(bad, *f))
1189 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1196 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1197 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1200 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1201 return strdup(filename);
1203 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1204 return strdup(filename);
1206 k = strlen(filename);
1207 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1210 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1211 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1216 int safe_mkdir(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
1219 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) >= 0)
1220 if (chmod_and_chown(path, mode, uid, gid) < 0)
1223 if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
1226 if ((st.st_mode & 0777) != mode ||
1229 !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
1238 int mkdir_parents(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1243 /* Creates every parent directory in the path except the last
1246 p = path + strspn(path, "/");
1251 e = p + strcspn(p, "/");
1252 p = e + strspn(e, "/");
1254 /* Is this the last component? If so, then we're
1259 if (!(t = strndup(path, e - path)))
1262 r = label_mkdir(t, mode);
1265 if (r < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1270 int mkdir_p(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
1275 if ((r = mkdir_parents(path, mode)) < 0)
1278 if (label_mkdir(path, mode) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
1284 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1293 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1294 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1300 /* Skip last component */
1301 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1304 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1305 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1311 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1314 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1323 if (errno != ENOENT)
1331 char hexchar(int x) {
1332 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1334 return table[x & 15];
1337 int unhexchar(char c) {
1339 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1342 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1343 return c - 'a' + 10;
1345 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1346 return c - 'A' + 10;
1351 char octchar(int x) {
1352 return '0' + (x & 7);
1355 int unoctchar(char c) {
1357 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1363 char decchar(int x) {
1364 return '0' + (x % 10);
1367 int undecchar(char c) {
1369 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1375 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1381 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1383 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1)))
1386 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1432 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1433 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1434 * g_strescape() does the same */
1435 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1437 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1438 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1439 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1450 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1456 /* Undoes C style string escaping */
1458 if (!(r = new(char, length+1)))
1461 for (f = s, t = r; f < s + length; f++) {
1504 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1509 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1512 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1513 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1514 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1518 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1533 /* octal encoding */
1536 if ((a = unoctchar(f[0])) < 0 ||
1537 (b = unoctchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1538 (c = unoctchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1539 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1543 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1551 /* premature end of string.*/
1556 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1568 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1569 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1572 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1576 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1577 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1580 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*4+1)))
1583 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1585 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1586 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1589 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1590 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1600 char *bus_path_escape(const char *s) {
1606 /* Escapes all chars that D-Bus' object path cannot deal
1607 * with. Can be reverse with bus_path_unescape() */
1609 if (!(r = new(char, strlen(s)*3+1)))
1612 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1614 if (!(*f >= 'A' && *f <= 'Z') &&
1615 !(*f >= 'a' && *f <= 'z') &&
1616 !(*f >= '0' && *f <= '9')) {
1618 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1619 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1629 char *bus_path_unescape(const char *f) {
1634 if (!(r = strdup(f)))
1637 for (t = r; *f; f++) {
1642 if ((a = unhexchar(f[1])) < 0 ||
1643 (b = unhexchar(f[2])) < 0) {
1644 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1647 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1659 char *path_kill_slashes(char *path) {
1663 /* Removes redundant inner and trailing slashes. Modifies the
1664 * passed string in-place.
1666 * ///foo///bar/ becomes /foo/bar
1669 for (f = path, t = path; *f; f++) {
1684 /* Special rule, if we are talking of the root directory, a
1685 trailing slash is good */
1687 if (t == path && slash)
1694 bool path_startswith(const char *path, const char *prefix) {
1698 if ((path[0] == '/') != (prefix[0] == '/'))
1704 path += strspn(path, "/");
1705 prefix += strspn(prefix, "/");
1713 a = strcspn(path, "/");
1714 b = strcspn(prefix, "/");
1719 if (memcmp(path, prefix, a) != 0)
1727 bool path_equal(const char *a, const char *b) {
1731 if ((a[0] == '/') != (b[0] == '/'))
1737 a += strspn(a, "/");
1738 b += strspn(b, "/");
1740 if (*a == 0 && *b == 0)
1743 if (*a == 0 || *b == 0)
1746 j = strcspn(a, "/");
1747 k = strcspn(b, "/");
1752 if (memcmp(a, b, j) != 0)
1760 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1765 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1766 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1767 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1772 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1776 filename[0] == '.' ||
1777 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1778 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1779 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1780 endswith(filename, "~") ||
1781 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1782 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1783 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1784 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1785 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1786 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1789 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1794 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
1798 flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
1800 flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
1802 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
1808 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1813 if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) < 0)
1817 flags |= FD_CLOEXEC;
1819 flags &= ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1821 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags) < 0)
1827 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1832 if (!(d = opendir("/proc/self/fd")))
1835 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1838 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1841 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1842 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1856 for (i = 0; i < n_except; i++)
1857 if (except[i] == fd) {
1866 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1867 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1868 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1877 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1880 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1881 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1888 char *format_timestamp(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1898 sec = (time_t) (t / USEC_PER_SEC);
1900 if (strftime(buf, l, "%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z", localtime_r(&sec, &tm)) <= 0)
1906 char *format_timestamp_pretty(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1909 n = now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
1911 if (t <= 0 || t > n || t + USEC_PER_DAY*7 <= t)
1916 if (d >= USEC_PER_YEAR)
1917 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu years and %llu months ago",
1918 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_YEAR),
1919 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_YEAR) / USEC_PER_MONTH));
1920 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MONTH)
1921 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu months and %llu days ago",
1922 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MONTH),
1923 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MONTH) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1924 else if (d >= USEC_PER_WEEK)
1925 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu weeks and %llu days ago",
1926 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_WEEK),
1927 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_WEEK) / USEC_PER_DAY));
1928 else if (d >= 2*USEC_PER_DAY)
1929 snprintf(buf, l, "%llu days ago", (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_DAY));
1930 else if (d >= 25*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1931 snprintf(buf, l, "1 day and %lluh ago",
1932 (unsigned long long) ((d - USEC_PER_DAY) / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1933 else if (d >= 6*USEC_PER_HOUR)
1934 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh ago",
1935 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR));
1936 else if (d >= USEC_PER_HOUR)
1937 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluh %llumin ago",
1938 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_HOUR),
1939 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_HOUR) / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1940 else if (d >= 5*USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1941 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin ago",
1942 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE));
1943 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MINUTE)
1944 snprintf(buf, l, "%llumin %llus ago",
1945 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MINUTE),
1946 (unsigned long long) ((d % USEC_PER_MINUTE) / USEC_PER_SEC));
1947 else if (d >= USEC_PER_SEC)
1948 snprintf(buf, l, "%llus ago",
1949 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_SEC));
1950 else if (d >= USEC_PER_MSEC)
1951 snprintf(buf, l, "%llums ago",
1952 (unsigned long long) (d / USEC_PER_MSEC));
1954 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluus ago",
1955 (unsigned long long) d);
1957 snprintf(buf, l, "now");
1963 char *format_timespan(char *buf, size_t l, usec_t t) {
1964 static const struct {
1968 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
1969 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
1970 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
1971 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
1972 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
1973 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
1983 if (t == (usec_t) -1)
1987 snprintf(p, l, "0");
1992 /* The result of this function can be parsed with parse_usec */
1994 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
1998 if (t < table[i].usec)
2004 k = snprintf(p, l, "%s%llu%s", p > buf ? " " : "", (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].usec), table[i].suffix);
2005 n = MIN((size_t) k, l);
2018 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
2019 static const char * const table[] = {
2031 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2032 if (streq(table[i], fstype))
2041 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
2046 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
2050 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
2053 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
2056 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
2059 close_nointr_nofail(r);
2063 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, bool *need_nl) {
2064 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
2071 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
2072 new_termios = old_termios;
2074 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
2075 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2076 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2078 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
2081 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
2083 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
2089 *need_nl = c != '\n';
2096 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)))
2101 if (strlen(line) != 1)
2111 int ask(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
2118 on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
2124 bool need_nl = true;
2127 fputs("\x1B[1m", stdout);
2134 fputs("\x1B[0m", stdout);
2138 if ((r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, &need_nl)) < 0) {
2140 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
2141 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
2152 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
2157 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
2161 int reset_terminal(int fd) {
2162 struct termios termios;
2166 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
2170 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
2171 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
2172 * interfere with that. */
2174 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
2175 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
2177 /* Enable console unicode mode */
2179 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, &arg);
2181 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
2186 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
2187 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
2188 * else will do that for us */
2190 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
2191 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
2192 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
2193 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
2194 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
2196 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
2197 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
2198 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
2199 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
2200 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
2201 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
2202 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
2203 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
2204 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
2205 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
2206 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
2207 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
2208 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
2210 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
2211 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
2213 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
2217 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
2218 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
2223 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
2228 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
2229 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
2230 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
2231 * retrying a couple of times.
2233 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
2237 if ((fd = open(name, mode)) >= 0)
2246 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
2253 if ((r = isatty(fd)) < 0) {
2254 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2259 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2266 int flush_fd(int fd) {
2267 struct pollfd pollfd;
2271 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2278 if ((r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0)) < 0) {
2289 if ((l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf))) < 0) {
2294 if (errno == EAGAIN)
2305 int acquire_terminal(const char *name, bool fail, bool force, bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm) {
2306 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r, wd = -1;
2310 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
2311 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
2312 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
2314 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
2315 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
2316 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
2317 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
2318 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
2319 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
2320 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
2321 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
2323 if (!fail && !force) {
2324 if ((notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
2329 if ((wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE)) < 0) {
2337 if ((r = flush_fd(notify)) < 0)
2340 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
2341 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
2342 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
2343 if ((fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2346 /* First, try to get the tty */
2347 r = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force);
2349 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2350 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2351 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2352 if (r < 0 && errno == EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2355 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || errno != EPERM)) {
2365 assert(notify >= 0);
2368 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2370 struct inotify_event *e;
2372 if ((l = read(notify, &inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer))) < 0) {
2381 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2386 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2391 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2392 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2394 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2401 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2402 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2403 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2404 * an endless loop. */
2405 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2409 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2411 if ((r = reset_terminal(fd)) < 0)
2412 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2418 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2421 close_nointr_nofail(notify);
2426 int release_terminal(void) {
2428 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new;
2430 if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY)) < 0)
2433 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2434 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2437 sa_new.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2438 sa_new.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2439 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2441 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2444 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2446 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2450 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2455 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2456 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2463 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2464 struct sigaction sa;
2469 sa.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
2470 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2472 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2476 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2477 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2484 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2485 struct sigaction sa;
2490 sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
2491 sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
2493 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2497 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2498 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2505 int close_pipe(int p[]) {
2511 a = close_nointr(p[0]);
2516 b = close_nointr(p[1]);
2520 return a < 0 ? a : b;
2523 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2532 while (nbytes > 0) {
2535 if ((k = read(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2537 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2540 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2541 struct pollfd pollfd;
2545 pollfd.events = POLLIN;
2547 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2551 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2554 if (pollfd.revents != POLLIN)
2555 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2560 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2571 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2580 while (nbytes > 0) {
2583 if ((k = write(fd, p, nbytes)) <= 0) {
2585 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2588 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2589 struct pollfd pollfd;
2593 pollfd.events = POLLOUT;
2595 if (poll(&pollfd, 1, -1) < 0) {
2599 return n > 0 ? n : -errno;
2602 if (pollfd.revents != POLLOUT)
2603 return n > 0 ? n : -EIO;
2608 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2619 int path_is_mount_point(const char *t) {
2624 if (lstat(t, &a) < 0) {
2625 if (errno == ENOENT)
2631 if ((r = parent_of_path(t, &parent)) < 0)
2634 r = lstat(parent, &b);
2640 return a.st_dev != b.st_dev;
2643 int parse_usec(const char *t, usec_t *usec) {
2644 static const struct {
2648 { "sec", USEC_PER_SEC },
2649 { "s", USEC_PER_SEC },
2650 { "min", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2651 { "hr", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2652 { "h", USEC_PER_HOUR },
2653 { "d", USEC_PER_DAY },
2654 { "w", USEC_PER_WEEK },
2655 { "msec", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2656 { "ms", USEC_PER_MSEC },
2657 { "m", USEC_PER_MINUTE },
2660 { "", USEC_PER_SEC },
2676 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2687 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2689 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++)
2690 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2691 r += (usec_t) l * table[i].usec;
2692 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2696 if (i >= ELEMENTSOF(table))
2706 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2711 r = dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
2712 s = dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
2713 t = dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
2716 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2718 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2724 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2727 if ((null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2730 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2733 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2735 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2736 * sysfs or in /dev */
2739 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2740 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2743 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2746 struct dirent buf, *de;
2748 if (!(d = opendir(path)))
2752 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) > 0) {
2762 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name)) {
2772 unsigned long long random_ull(void) {
2777 if ((fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY)) < 0)
2780 r = loop_read(fd, &ull, sizeof(ull), true);
2781 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
2783 if (r != sizeof(ull))
2789 return random() * RAND_MAX + random();
2792 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2795 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2797 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). The string
2798 * passed should fit in 7 chars (i.e. the length of
2801 if (program_invocation_name)
2802 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2805 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2812 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2813 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2817 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2820 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2823 return strdup(u.nodename);
2825 return strdup(u.sysname);
2828 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2832 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2835 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2840 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2842 return strdup("root");
2844 if ((bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)) <= 0)
2847 if (!(buf = malloc(bufsize)))
2850 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw) {
2851 name = strdup(pw->pw_name);
2858 if (asprintf(&name, "%lu", (unsigned long) uid) < 0)
2864 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2865 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2870 if ((k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path))) != 0)
2875 if (!(c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path)))
2882 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2886 if ((k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s)) < 0)
2889 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2891 return get_ctty(r, NULL);
2898 int get_ctty_devnr(dev_t *d) {
2901 unsigned long ttynr;
2904 if (!(f = fopen("/proc/self/stat", "r")))
2907 if (!(fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))) {
2915 if (!(p = strrchr(line, ')')))
2924 "%*d " /* session */
2933 int get_ctty(char **r, dev_t *_devnr) {
2935 char fn[128], *s, *b, *p;
2940 if ((k = get_ctty_devnr(&devnr)) < 0)
2943 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2946 if ((k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s)) < 0) {
2951 /* This is an ugly hack */
2952 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2953 if (asprintf(&b, "pts/%lu", (unsigned long) minor(devnr)) < 0)
2963 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2964 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2965 * vaguely useful. */
2967 if (!(b = strdup(fn + 5)))
2977 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2979 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2997 static int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs) {
3003 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
3006 if (!(d = fdopendir(fd))) {
3007 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3009 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
3013 struct dirent buf, *de;
3017 if ((r = readdir_r(d, &buf, &de)) != 0) {
3026 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
3029 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
3032 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
3033 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3038 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
3040 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
3045 if ((subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3046 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3051 if ((r = rm_rf_children(subdir_fd, only_dirs)) < 0) {
3056 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
3057 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3060 } else if (!only_dirs) {
3062 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
3063 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
3074 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root) {
3080 if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
3082 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
3085 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
3086 if (unlink(path) < 0)
3092 r = rm_rf_children(fd, only_dirs);
3095 if (rmdir(path) < 0) {
3103 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
3106 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
3107 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
3108 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
3110 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
3113 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
3119 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3123 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3126 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3129 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3130 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3140 if (errno != EINVAL)
3147 void status_vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap) {
3153 /* This independent of logging, as status messages are
3154 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3156 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3159 if ((fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
3162 write(fd, s, strlen(s));
3168 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3171 void status_printf(const char *format, ...) {
3176 va_start(ap, format);
3177 status_vprintf(format, ap);
3181 void status_welcome(void) {
3182 char *pretty_name = NULL, *ansi_color = NULL;
3183 const char *const_pretty = NULL, *const_color = NULL;
3186 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/os-release", NEWLINE,
3187 "PRETTY_NAME", &pretty_name,
3188 "ANSI_COLOR", &ansi_color,
3192 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/os-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3195 #if defined(TARGET_FEDORA)
3197 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/system-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3200 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/system-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3202 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3205 if (!ansi_color && pretty_name) {
3207 /* This tries to mimic the color magic the old Red Hat sysinit
3210 if (startswith(pretty_name, "Red Hat"))
3211 const_color = "0;31"; /* Red for RHEL */
3212 else if (startswith(pretty_name, "Fedora"))
3213 const_color = "0;34"; /* Blue for Fedora */
3216 #elif defined(TARGET_SUSE)
3219 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/SuSE-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3222 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/SuSE-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3224 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3228 const_color = "0;32"; /* Green for openSUSE */
3230 #elif defined(TARGET_GENTOO)
3233 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/gentoo-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3236 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/gentoo-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3238 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3242 const_color = "1;34"; /* Light Blue for Gentoo */
3244 #elif defined(TARGET_ALTLINUX)
3247 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/altlinux-release", &pretty_name)) < 0) {
3250 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/altlinux-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3252 truncate_nl(pretty_name);
3256 const_color = "0;36"; /* Cyan for ALTLinux */
3259 #elif defined(TARGET_DEBIAN)
3264 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/debian_version", &version)) < 0) {
3267 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/debian_version: %s", strerror(-r));
3269 truncate_nl(version);
3270 pretty_name = strappend("Debian ", version);
3274 log_warning("Failed to allocate Debian version string.");
3279 const_color = "1;31"; /* Light Red for Debian */
3281 #elif defined(TARGET_UBUNTU)
3283 if ((r = parse_env_file("/etc/lsb-release", NEWLINE,
3284 "DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION", &pretty_name,
3288 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/lsb-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3292 const_color = "0;33"; /* Orange/Brown for Ubuntu */
3294 #elif defined(TARGET_MANDRIVA)
3299 if ((r = read_one_line_file("/etc/mandriva-release", &s) < 0)) {
3301 log_warning("Failed to read /etc/mandriva-release: %s", strerror(-r));
3303 p = strstr(s, " release ");
3307 p[strcspn(p, " ")] = '\0';
3309 /* This corresponds to standard rc.sysinit */
3310 if (asprintf(&pretty_name, "%s\x1B[0;39m %s", s, p) > 0)
3311 const_color = "1;36";
3313 log_warning("Failed to allocate Mandriva version string.");
3315 log_warning("Failed to parse /etc/mandriva-release");
3322 if (!pretty_name && !const_pretty)
3323 const_pretty = "Linux";
3325 if (!ansi_color && !const_color)
3328 status_printf("\nWelcome to \x1B[%sm%s\x1B[0m!\n\n",
3329 const_color ? const_color : ansi_color,
3330 const_pretty ? const_pretty : pretty_name);
3336 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3343 const char *e, *word = format;
3348 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3359 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3368 } else if (*e == '$') {
3369 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3385 if (!(t = strv_env_get_with_length(env, word+2, e-word-2)))
3388 if (!(k = strappend(r, t)))
3401 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3412 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3414 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3416 l = strv_length(argv);
3418 if (!(r = new(char*, l+1)))
3421 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3423 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3424 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3429 if ((e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1))) {
3431 if (!(m = strv_split_quoted(e))) {
3442 if (!(w = realloc(r, sizeof(char*) * (l+1)))) {
3451 memcpy(r + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3459 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3460 if (!(r[k++] = replace_env(*i, env))) {
3471 static __thread int parsed_columns = 0;
3474 if (parsed_columns > 0)
3475 return parsed_columns;
3477 if ((e = getenv("COLUMNS")))
3478 parsed_columns = atoi(e);
3480 if (parsed_columns <= 0) {
3484 if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0)
3485 parsed_columns = ws.ws_col;
3488 if (parsed_columns <= 0)
3489 parsed_columns = 80;
3491 return parsed_columns;
3494 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3500 /* Only works as root */
3502 if (stat("/proc/1/root", &a) < 0)
3505 if (stat("/", &b) < 0)
3509 a.st_dev != b.st_dev ||
3510 a.st_ino != b.st_ino;
3513 char *ellipsize(const char *s, unsigned length, unsigned percent) {
3518 assert(percent <= 100);
3519 assert(length >= 3);
3523 if (l <= 3 || l <= length)
3526 if (!(r = new0(char, length+1)))
3529 x = (length * percent) / 100;
3539 s + l - (length - x - 3),
3545 int touch(const char *path) {
3550 if ((fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, 0644)) < 0)
3553 close_nointr_nofail(fd);
3557 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3561 if ((l = strlen(s)) < 2)
3564 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3565 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3570 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3571 char *name, *value, *p, *r;
3576 if (!(r = strdup(s)))
3582 if (!(name = strndup(s, p - s)))
3585 if (!(p = strdup(p+1))) {
3590 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3598 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", name, value) < 0)
3607 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3614 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3626 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3633 if ((r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status)) < 0) {
3634 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3638 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3639 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3640 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3641 return status.si_status;
3644 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3647 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3648 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3650 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3654 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3661 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3662 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3670 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3673 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3676 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3682 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3686 if ((nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags)) < 0)
3689 if (!(d = fdopendir(nfd))) {
3690 close_nointr_nofail(nfd);
3697 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3701 if ((signo = signal_from_string(s)) <= 0)
3702 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3703 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3708 void dual_timestamp_serialize(FILE *f, const char *name, dual_timestamp *t) {
3714 if (!dual_timestamp_is_set(t))
3717 fprintf(f, "%s=%llu %llu\n",
3719 (unsigned long long) t->realtime,
3720 (unsigned long long) t->monotonic);
3723 void dual_timestamp_deserialize(const char *value, dual_timestamp *t) {
3724 unsigned long long a, b;
3729 if (sscanf(value, "%lli %llu", &a, &b) != 2)
3730 log_debug("Failed to parse finish timestamp value %s", value);
3737 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3741 /* FIXME: to follow udev's logic 100% we need to leave valid
3742 * UTF8 chars unescaped */
3744 if (startswith(p, "LABEL=")) {
3746 if (!(u = unquote(p+6, "\"\'")))
3749 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3755 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-label/%s", t);
3764 if (startswith(p, "UUID=")) {
3766 if (!(u = unquote(p+5, "\"\'")))
3769 t = xescape(u, "/ ");
3775 r = asprintf(&dn, "/dev/disk/by-uuid/%s", t);
3787 void filter_environ(const char *prefix) {
3794 for (i = 0, j = 0; environ[i]; i++) {
3796 if (startswith(environ[i], prefix))
3799 environ[j++] = environ[i];
3805 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3808 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3811 return startswith(tty, "tty") &&
3812 tty[3] >= '0' && tty[3] <= '9';
3815 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3816 char *active = NULL;
3821 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3824 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing when determining
3826 if (streq(tty, "console"))
3827 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", &active) >= 0) {
3828 truncate_nl(active);
3830 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the
3831 * last one is what /dev/console points to */
3832 if ((tty = strrchr(active, ' ')))
3838 term = tty_is_vc(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt100";
3844 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM implementations */
3845 int detect_vm(const char **id) {
3847 #if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
3849 /* Both CPUID and DMI are x86 specific interfaces... */
3851 static const char *const dmi_vendors[] = {
3852 "/sys/class/dmi/id/sys_vendor",
3853 "/sys/class/dmi/id/board_vendor",
3854 "/sys/class/dmi/id/bios_vendor"
3857 static const char dmi_vendor_table[] =
3859 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
3860 "VMware\0" "vmware\0"
3862 "Microsoft Corporation\0" "microsoft\0"
3863 "innotek GmbH\0" "oracle\0"
3865 "Bochs\0" "bochs\0";
3867 static const char cpuid_vendor_table[] =
3868 "XenVMMXenVMM\0" "xen\0"
3869 "KVMKVMKVM\0" "kvm\0"
3870 /* http://kb.vmware.com/selfservice/microsites/search.do?language=en_US&cmd=displayKC&externalId=1009458 */
3871 "VMwareVMware\0" "vmware\0"
3872 /* http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff542428.aspx */
3873 "Microsoft Hv\0" "microsoft\0";
3884 /* http://lwn.net/Articles/301888/ */
3887 #if defined (__i386__)
3890 #elif defined (__amd64__)
3895 /* First detect whether there is a hypervisor */
3897 __asm__ __volatile__ (
3898 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
3899 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3901 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3903 : "=a" (eax), "=c" (ecx)
3907 hypervisor = !!(ecx & ecx & 0x80000000U);
3911 /* There is a hypervisor, see what it is */
3913 __asm__ __volatile__ (
3914 /* ebx/rbx is being used for PIC! */
3915 " push %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3917 " mov %%ebx, %1 \n\t"
3918 " pop %%"REG_b" \n\t"
3920 : "=a" (eax), "=r" (sig.sig32[0]), "=c" (sig.sig32[1]), "=d" (sig.sig32[2])
3924 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, cpuid_vendor_table)
3925 if (streq(sig.text, j)) {
3934 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(dmi_vendors); i++) {
3937 const char *found = NULL;
3939 if ((r = read_one_line_file(dmi_vendors[i], &s)) < 0) {
3946 NULSTR_FOREACH_PAIR(j, k, dmi_vendor_table)
3947 if (startswith(s, j))
3970 int detect_container(const char **id) {
3973 /* Unfortunately many of these operations require root access
3974 * in one way or another */
3979 if (running_in_chroot() > 0) {
3987 /* /proc/vz exists in container and outside of the container,
3988 * /proc/bc only outside of the container. */
3989 if (access("/proc/vz", F_OK) >= 0 &&
3990 access("/proc/bc", F_OK) < 0) {
3998 if ((f = fopen("/proc/self/cgroup", "r"))) {
4001 char line[LINE_MAX], *p;
4003 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
4006 if (!(p = strchr(strstrip(line), ':')))
4009 if (strncmp(p, ":ns:", 4))
4012 if (!streq(p, ":ns:/")) {
4028 /* Returns a short identifier for the various VM/container implementations */
4029 int detect_virtualization(const char **id) {
4030 static __thread const char *cached_id = NULL;
4036 if (cached_id == (const char*) -1)
4045 if ((r = detect_container(&_id)) != 0)
4048 r = detect_vm(&_id);
4057 cached_id = (const char*) -1;
4062 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, char *argv[]) {
4065 Hashmap *pids = NULL;
4069 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
4070 * until all they all finished. */
4073 if (!(_d = opendir(directory))) {
4075 if (errno == ENOENT)
4078 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
4085 if (!(pids = hashmap_new(trivial_hash_func, trivial_compare_func))) {
4086 log_error("Failed to allocate set.");
4090 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
4095 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
4098 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
4099 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
4100 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4103 if (asprintf(&path, "%s/%s", directory, de->d_name) < 0) {
4104 log_error("Out of memory");
4108 if ((pid = fork()) < 0) {
4109 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
4128 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
4129 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
4132 log_debug("Spawned %s as %lu", path, (unsigned long) pid);
4134 if ((k = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path)) < 0) {
4135 log_error("Failed to add PID to set: %s", strerror(-k));
4140 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
4145 if (waitid(P_ALL, 0, &si, WEXITED) < 0) {
4150 log_error("waitid() failed: %m");
4154 if ((path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(si.si_pid)))) {
4155 if (!is_clean_exit(si.si_code, si.si_status)) {
4156 if (si.si_code == CLD_EXITED)
4157 log_error("%s exited with exit status %i.", path, si.si_status);
4159 log_error("%s terminated by signal %s.", path, signal_to_string(si.si_status));
4161 log_debug("%s exited successfully.", path);
4172 hashmap_free_free(pids);
4175 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4178 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4186 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4192 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4193 if (streq(i, needle))
4199 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4200 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4203 void parse_syslog_priority(char **p, int *priority) {
4204 int a = 0, b = 0, c = 0;
4214 if (!strchr(*p, '>'))
4217 if ((*p)[2] == '>') {
4218 c = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4220 } else if ((*p)[3] == '>') {
4221 b = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4222 c = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4224 } else if ((*p)[4] == '>') {
4225 a = undecchar((*p)[1]);
4226 b = undecchar((*p)[2]);
4227 c = undecchar((*p)[3]);
4232 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0)
4235 *priority = a*100+b*10+c;
4239 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4240 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4241 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4242 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4243 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4246 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ioprio_class, int);
4248 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4249 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4250 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4251 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4252 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4253 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4254 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4257 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4259 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4260 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4261 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4262 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4263 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4264 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4265 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4266 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4267 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4268 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4269 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4270 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4271 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4272 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4273 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4274 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4275 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4276 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4277 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4278 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4279 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4282 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_facility_unshifted, int);
4284 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4285 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4286 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4287 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4289 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4290 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4291 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4292 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4295 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(log_level, int);
4297 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4298 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4299 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4300 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4301 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4305 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sched_policy, int);
4307 static const char* const rlimit_table[] = {
4308 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4309 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4310 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4311 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4312 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4313 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4314 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4315 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4316 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4317 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4318 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4319 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4320 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4321 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4322 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4323 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4326 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4328 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4329 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4330 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4331 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4332 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4335 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(ip_tos, int);
4337 static const char *const signal_table[] = {
4354 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4365 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4367 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4373 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(signal, int);