1 /*-*- Mode: C; c-basic-offset: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-*/
4 This file is part of systemd.
6 Copyright 2010 Lennart Poettering
8 systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
9 under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
10 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
11 (at your option) any later version.
13 systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
14 WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
15 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
16 Lesser General Public License for more details.
18 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
19 along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
31 #include <sys/resource.h>
32 #include <linux/sched.h>
33 #include <sys/types.h>
37 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
39 #include <linux/tiocl.h>
42 #include <sys/inotify.h>
45 #include <sys/prctl.h>
46 #include <sys/utsname.h>
48 #include <netinet/ip.h>
57 #include <sys/mount.h>
58 #include <linux/magic.h>
62 #include <sys/personality.h>
66 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
78 #include "path-util.h"
79 #include "exit-status.h"
83 #include "device-nodes.h"
90 char **saved_argv = NULL;
92 static volatile unsigned cached_columns = 0;
93 static volatile unsigned cached_lines = 0;
95 size_t page_size(void) {
96 static thread_local size_t pgsz = 0;
99 if (_likely_(pgsz > 0))
102 r = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
109 bool streq_ptr(const char *a, const char *b) {
111 /* Like streq(), but tries to make sense of NULL pointers */
122 char* endswith(const char *s, const char *postfix) {
129 pl = strlen(postfix);
132 return (char*) s + sl;
137 if (memcmp(s + sl - pl, postfix, pl) != 0)
140 return (char*) s + sl - pl;
143 char* first_word(const char *s, const char *word) {
150 /* Checks if the string starts with the specified word, either
151 * followed by NUL or by whitespace. Returns a pointer to the
152 * NUL or the first character after the whitespace. */
163 if (memcmp(s, word, wl) != 0)
170 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, *p))
173 p += strspn(p, WHITESPACE);
177 int close_nointr(int fd) {
184 * Just ignore EINTR; a retry loop is the wrong thing to do on
187 * http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/0509.1/0877.html
188 * https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=682819
189 * http://utcc.utoronto.ca/~cks/space/blog/unix/CloseEINTR
190 * https://sites.google.com/site/michaelsafyan/software-engineering/checkforeintrwheninvokingclosethinkagain
198 int safe_close(int fd) {
201 * Like close_nointr() but cannot fail. Guarantees errno is
202 * unchanged. Is a NOP with negative fds passed, and returns
203 * -1, so that it can be used in this syntax:
205 * fd = safe_close(fd);
211 /* The kernel might return pretty much any error code
212 * via close(), but the fd will be closed anyway. The
213 * only condition we want to check for here is whether
214 * the fd was invalid at all... */
216 assert_se(close_nointr(fd) != -EBADF);
222 void close_many(const int fds[], unsigned n_fd) {
225 assert(fds || n_fd <= 0);
227 for (i = 0; i < n_fd; i++)
231 int unlink_noerrno(const char *path) {
242 int parse_boolean(const char *v) {
245 if (streq(v, "1") || strcaseeq(v, "yes") || strcaseeq(v, "y") || strcaseeq(v, "true") || strcaseeq(v, "t") || strcaseeq(v, "on"))
247 else if (streq(v, "0") || strcaseeq(v, "no") || strcaseeq(v, "n") || strcaseeq(v, "false") || strcaseeq(v, "f") || strcaseeq(v, "off"))
253 int parse_pid(const char *s, pid_t* ret_pid) {
254 unsigned long ul = 0;
261 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
267 if ((unsigned long) pid != ul)
277 int parse_uid(const char *s, uid_t* ret_uid) {
278 unsigned long ul = 0;
285 r = safe_atolu(s, &ul);
291 if ((unsigned long) uid != ul)
294 /* Some libc APIs use (uid_t) -1 as special placeholder */
295 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFFFFFF)
298 /* A long time ago UIDs where 16bit, hence explicitly avoid the 16bit -1 too */
299 if (uid == (uid_t) 0xFFFF)
306 int safe_atou(const char *s, unsigned *ret_u) {
314 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
316 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
317 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
319 if ((unsigned long) (unsigned) l != l)
322 *ret_u = (unsigned) l;
326 int safe_atoi(const char *s, int *ret_i) {
334 l = strtol(s, &x, 0);
336 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
337 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
339 if ((long) (int) l != l)
346 int safe_atou8(const char *s, uint8_t *ret) {
354 l = strtoul(s, &x, 0);
356 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
357 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -EINVAL;
359 if ((unsigned long) (uint8_t) l != l)
366 int safe_atollu(const char *s, long long unsigned *ret_llu) {
368 unsigned long long l;
374 l = strtoull(s, &x, 0);
376 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
377 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
383 int safe_atolli(const char *s, long long int *ret_lli) {
391 l = strtoll(s, &x, 0);
393 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
394 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
400 int safe_atod(const char *s, double *ret_d) {
407 RUN_WITH_LOCALE(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C") {
412 if (!x || x == s || *x || errno)
413 return errno ? -errno : -EINVAL;
419 static size_t strcspn_escaped(const char *s, const char *reject) {
420 bool escaped = false;
423 for (n=0; s[n]; n++) {
426 else if (s[n] == '\\')
428 else if (strchr(reject, s[n]))
431 /* if s ends in \, return index of previous char */
435 /* Split a string into words. */
436 const char* split(const char **state, size_t *l, const char *separator, bool quoted) {
442 assert(**state == '\0');
446 current += strspn(current, separator);
452 if (quoted && strchr("\'\"", *current)) {
453 char quotechars[2] = {*current, '\0'};
455 *l = strcspn_escaped(current + 1, quotechars);
456 if (current[*l + 1] == '\0' ||
457 (current[*l + 2] && !strchr(separator, current[*l + 2]))) {
458 /* right quote missing or garbage at the end*/
462 assert(current[*l + 1] == quotechars[0]);
463 *state = current++ + *l + 2;
465 *l = strcspn_escaped(current, separator);
466 *state = current + *l;
468 *l = strcspn(current, separator);
469 *state = current + *l;
475 int get_parent_of_pid(pid_t pid, pid_t *_ppid) {
477 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
489 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
490 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
494 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
495 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
496 * skip over it manually */
498 p = strrchr(line, ')');
510 if ((long unsigned) (pid_t) ppid != ppid)
513 *_ppid = (pid_t) ppid;
518 int get_starttime_of_pid(pid_t pid, unsigned long long *st) {
520 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
526 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
527 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
531 /* Let's skip the pid and comm fields. The latter is enclosed
532 * in () but does not escape any () in its value, so let's
533 * skip over it manually */
535 p = strrchr(line, ')');
557 "%*d " /* priority */
559 "%*d " /* num_threads */
560 "%*d " /* itrealvalue */
561 "%llu " /* starttime */,
568 int fchmod_umask(int fd, mode_t m) {
573 r = fchmod(fd, m & (~u)) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
579 char *truncate_nl(char *s) {
582 s[strcspn(s, NEWLINE)] = 0;
586 int get_process_state(pid_t pid) {
590 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
594 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
595 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
599 p = strrchr(line, ')');
605 if (sscanf(p, " %c", &state) != 1)
608 return (unsigned char) state;
611 int get_process_comm(pid_t pid, char **name) {
618 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "comm");
620 r = read_one_line_file(p, name);
627 int get_process_cmdline(pid_t pid, size_t max_length, bool comm_fallback, char **line) {
628 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
636 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
642 if (max_length == 0) {
643 size_t len = 0, allocated = 0;
645 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(r, allocated, len+2)) {
652 r[len++] = isprint(c) ? c : ' ';
662 r = new(char, max_length);
668 while ((c = getc(f)) != EOF) {
690 size_t n = MIN(left-1, 3U);
697 /* Kernel threads have no argv[] */
698 if (r == NULL || r[0] == 0) {
699 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
707 h = get_process_comm(pid, &t);
711 r = strjoin("[", t, "]", NULL);
720 int is_kernel_thread(pid_t pid) {
732 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "cmdline");
737 count = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
741 /* Kernel threads have an empty cmdline */
744 return eof ? 1 : -errno;
749 int get_process_capeff(pid_t pid, char **capeff) {
755 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
757 return get_status_field(p, "\nCapEff:", capeff);
760 int get_process_exe(pid_t pid, char **name) {
768 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "exe");
770 r = readlink_malloc(p, name);
772 return r == -ENOENT ? -ESRCH : r;
774 d = endswith(*name, " (deleted)");
781 static int get_process_id(pid_t pid, const char *field, uid_t *uid) {
782 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
792 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "status");
797 FOREACH_LINE(line, f, return -errno) {
802 if (startswith(l, field)) {
804 l += strspn(l, WHITESPACE);
806 l[strcspn(l, WHITESPACE)] = 0;
808 return parse_uid(l, uid);
815 int get_process_uid(pid_t pid, uid_t *uid) {
816 return get_process_id(pid, "Uid:", uid);
819 int get_process_gid(pid_t pid, gid_t *gid) {
820 assert_cc(sizeof(uid_t) == sizeof(gid_t));
821 return get_process_id(pid, "Gid:", gid);
824 char *strnappend(const char *s, const char *suffix, size_t b) {
832 return strndup(suffix, b);
841 if (b > ((size_t) -1) - a)
844 r = new(char, a+b+1);
849 memcpy(r+a, suffix, b);
855 char *strappend(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
856 return strnappend(s, suffix, suffix ? strlen(suffix) : 0);
859 int readlinkat_malloc(int fd, const char *p, char **ret) {
874 n = readlinkat(fd, p, c, l-1);
881 if ((size_t) n < l-1) {
892 int readlink_malloc(const char *p, char **ret) {
893 return readlinkat_malloc(AT_FDCWD, p, ret);
896 int readlink_and_make_absolute(const char *p, char **r) {
897 _cleanup_free_ char *target = NULL;
904 j = readlink_malloc(p, &target);
908 k = file_in_same_dir(p, target);
916 int readlink_and_canonicalize(const char *p, char **r) {
923 j = readlink_and_make_absolute(p, &t);
927 s = canonicalize_file_name(t);
934 path_kill_slashes(*r);
939 int reset_all_signal_handlers(void) {
942 for (sig = 1; sig < _NSIG; sig++) {
943 struct sigaction sa = {
944 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
945 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
948 /* These two cannot be caught... */
949 if (sig == SIGKILL || sig == SIGSTOP)
952 /* On Linux the first two RT signals are reserved by
953 * glibc, and sigaction() will return EINVAL for them. */
954 if ((sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0))
955 if (errno != EINVAL && r == 0)
962 int reset_signal_mask(void) {
965 if (sigemptyset(&ss) < 0)
968 if (sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, NULL) < 0)
974 char *strstrip(char *s) {
977 /* Drops trailing whitespace. Modifies the string in
978 * place. Returns pointer to first non-space character */
980 s += strspn(s, WHITESPACE);
982 for (e = strchr(s, 0); e > s; e --)
983 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, e[-1]))
991 char *delete_chars(char *s, const char *bad) {
994 /* Drops all whitespace, regardless where in the string */
996 for (f = s, t = s; *f; f++) {
1008 char *file_in_same_dir(const char *path, const char *filename) {
1015 /* This removes the last component of path and appends
1016 * filename, unless the latter is absolute anyway or the
1019 if (path_is_absolute(filename))
1020 return strdup(filename);
1022 if (!(e = strrchr(path, '/')))
1023 return strdup(filename);
1025 k = strlen(filename);
1026 if (!(r = new(char, e-path+1+k+1)))
1029 memcpy(r, path, e-path+1);
1030 memcpy(r+(e-path)+1, filename, k+1);
1035 int rmdir_parents(const char *path, const char *stop) {
1044 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1045 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1051 /* Skip last component */
1052 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] != '/')
1055 /* Skip trailing slashes */
1056 while (l > 0 && path[l-1] == '/')
1062 if (!(t = strndup(path, l)))
1065 if (path_startswith(stop, t)) {
1074 if (errno != ENOENT)
1081 char hexchar(int x) {
1082 static const char table[16] = "0123456789abcdef";
1084 return table[x & 15];
1087 int unhexchar(char c) {
1089 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1092 if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
1093 return c - 'a' + 10;
1095 if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
1096 return c - 'A' + 10;
1101 char *hexmem(const void *p, size_t l) {
1105 z = r = malloc(l * 2 + 1);
1109 for (x = p; x < (const uint8_t*) p + l; x++) {
1110 *(z++) = hexchar(*x >> 4);
1111 *(z++) = hexchar(*x & 15);
1118 void *unhexmem(const char *p, size_t l) {
1124 z = r = malloc((l + 1) / 2 + 1);
1128 for (x = p; x < p + l; x += 2) {
1131 a = unhexchar(x[0]);
1133 b = unhexchar(x[1]);
1137 *(z++) = (uint8_t) a << 4 | (uint8_t) b;
1144 char octchar(int x) {
1145 return '0' + (x & 7);
1148 int unoctchar(char c) {
1150 if (c >= '0' && c <= '7')
1156 char decchar(int x) {
1157 return '0' + (x % 10);
1160 int undecchar(char c) {
1162 if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
1168 char *cescape(const char *s) {
1174 /* Does C style string escaping. */
1176 r = new(char, strlen(s)*4 + 1);
1180 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++)
1226 /* For special chars we prefer octal over
1227 * hexadecimal encoding, simply because glib's
1228 * g_strescape() does the same */
1229 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127)) {
1231 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 6);
1232 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f >> 3);
1233 *(t++) = octchar((unsigned char) *f);
1244 char *cunescape_length_with_prefix(const char *s, size_t length, const char *prefix) {
1251 /* Undoes C style string escaping, and optionally prefixes it. */
1253 pl = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0;
1255 r = new(char, pl+length+1);
1260 memcpy(r, prefix, pl);
1262 for (f = s, t = r + pl; f < s + length; f++) {
1305 /* This is an extension of the XDG syntax files */
1310 /* hexadecimal encoding */
1313 a = unhexchar(f[1]);
1314 b = unhexchar(f[2]);
1316 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0)) {
1317 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1321 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 4) | b);
1336 /* octal encoding */
1339 a = unoctchar(f[0]);
1340 b = unoctchar(f[1]);
1341 c = unoctchar(f[2]);
1343 if (a < 0 || b < 0 || c < 0 || (a == 0 && b == 0 && c == 0)) {
1344 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1348 *(t++) = (char) ((a << 6) | (b << 3) | c);
1356 /* premature end of string.*/
1361 /* Invalid escape code, let's take it literal then */
1373 char *cunescape_length(const char *s, size_t length) {
1374 return cunescape_length_with_prefix(s, length, NULL);
1377 char *cunescape(const char *s) {
1380 return cunescape_length(s, strlen(s));
1383 char *xescape(const char *s, const char *bad) {
1387 /* Escapes all chars in bad, in addition to \ and all special
1388 * chars, in \xFF style escaping. May be reversed with
1391 r = new(char, strlen(s) * 4 + 1);
1395 for (f = s, t = r; *f; f++) {
1397 if ((*f < ' ') || (*f >= 127) ||
1398 (*f == '\\') || strchr(bad, *f)) {
1401 *(t++) = hexchar(*f >> 4);
1402 *(t++) = hexchar(*f);
1412 char *ascii_strlower(char *t) {
1417 for (p = t; *p; p++)
1418 if (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z')
1419 *p = *p - 'A' + 'a';
1424 _pure_ static bool ignore_file_allow_backup(const char *filename) {
1428 filename[0] == '.' ||
1429 streq(filename, "lost+found") ||
1430 streq(filename, "aquota.user") ||
1431 streq(filename, "aquota.group") ||
1432 endswith(filename, ".rpmnew") ||
1433 endswith(filename, ".rpmsave") ||
1434 endswith(filename, ".rpmorig") ||
1435 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-old") ||
1436 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-new") ||
1437 endswith(filename, ".dpkg-tmp") ||
1438 endswith(filename, ".swp");
1441 bool ignore_file(const char *filename) {
1444 if (endswith(filename, "~"))
1447 return ignore_file_allow_backup(filename);
1450 int fd_nonblock(int fd, bool nonblock) {
1455 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
1460 nflags = flags | O_NONBLOCK;
1462 nflags = flags & ~O_NONBLOCK;
1464 if (nflags == flags)
1467 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, nflags) < 0)
1473 int fd_cloexec(int fd, bool cloexec) {
1478 flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0);
1483 nflags = flags | FD_CLOEXEC;
1485 nflags = flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC;
1487 if (nflags == flags)
1490 if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, nflags) < 0)
1496 _pure_ static bool fd_in_set(int fd, const int fdset[], unsigned n_fdset) {
1499 assert(n_fdset == 0 || fdset);
1501 for (i = 0; i < n_fdset; i++)
1508 int close_all_fds(const int except[], unsigned n_except) {
1509 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
1513 assert(n_except == 0 || except);
1515 d = opendir("/proc/self/fd");
1520 /* When /proc isn't available (for example in chroots)
1521 * the fallback is brute forcing through the fd
1524 assert_se(getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rl) >= 0);
1525 for (fd = 3; fd < (int) rl.rlim_max; fd ++) {
1527 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1530 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0)
1531 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1538 while ((de = readdir(d))) {
1541 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
1544 if (safe_atoi(de->d_name, &fd) < 0)
1545 /* Let's better ignore this, just in case */
1554 if (fd_in_set(fd, except, n_except))
1557 if (close_nointr(fd) < 0) {
1558 /* Valgrind has its own FD and doesn't want to have it closed */
1559 if (errno != EBADF && r == 0)
1567 bool chars_intersect(const char *a, const char *b) {
1570 /* Returns true if any of the chars in a are in b. */
1571 for (p = a; *p; p++)
1578 bool fstype_is_network(const char *fstype) {
1579 static const char table[] =
1593 x = startswith(fstype, "fuse.");
1597 return nulstr_contains(table, fstype);
1601 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
1603 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1609 TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT,
1613 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCLINUX, tiocl) < 0)
1616 vt = tiocl[0] <= 0 ? 1 : tiocl[0];
1619 if (ioctl(fd, VT_ACTIVATE, vt) < 0)
1625 int read_one_char(FILE *f, char *ret, usec_t t, bool *need_nl) {
1626 struct termios old_termios, new_termios;
1627 char c, line[LINE_MAX];
1632 if (tcgetattr(fileno(f), &old_termios) >= 0) {
1633 new_termios = old_termios;
1635 new_termios.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
1636 new_termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1637 new_termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1639 if (tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &new_termios) >= 0) {
1642 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1643 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0) {
1644 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1649 k = fread(&c, 1, 1, f);
1651 tcsetattr(fileno(f), TCSADRAIN, &old_termios);
1657 *need_nl = c != '\n';
1664 if (t != USEC_INFINITY) {
1665 if (fd_wait_for_event(fileno(f), POLLIN, t) <= 0)
1670 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), f))
1671 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1675 if (strlen(line) != 1)
1685 int ask_char(char *ret, const char *replies, const char *text, ...) {
1695 bool need_nl = true;
1698 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1705 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1709 r = read_one_char(stdin, &c, USEC_INFINITY, &need_nl);
1712 if (r == -EBADMSG) {
1713 puts("Bad input, please try again.");
1724 if (strchr(replies, c)) {
1729 puts("Read unexpected character, please try again.");
1733 int ask_string(char **ret, const char *text, ...) {
1738 char line[LINE_MAX];
1742 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_ON, stdout);
1749 fputs(ANSI_HIGHLIGHT_OFF, stdout);
1754 if (!fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
1755 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
1757 if (!endswith(line, "\n"))
1776 int reset_terminal_fd(int fd, bool switch_to_text) {
1777 struct termios termios;
1780 /* Set terminal to some sane defaults */
1784 /* We leave locked terminal attributes untouched, so that
1785 * Plymouth may set whatever it wants to set, and we don't
1786 * interfere with that. */
1788 /* Disable exclusive mode, just in case */
1789 ioctl(fd, TIOCNXCL);
1791 /* Switch to text mode */
1793 ioctl(fd, KDSETMODE, KD_TEXT);
1795 /* Enable console unicode mode */
1796 ioctl(fd, KDSKBMODE, K_UNICODE);
1798 if (tcgetattr(fd, &termios) < 0) {
1803 /* We only reset the stuff that matters to the software. How
1804 * hardware is set up we don't touch assuming that somebody
1805 * else will do that for us */
1807 termios.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | IUCLC);
1808 termios.c_iflag |= ICRNL | IMAXBEL | IUTF8;
1809 termios.c_oflag |= ONLCR;
1810 termios.c_cflag |= CREAD;
1811 termios.c_lflag = ISIG | ICANON | IEXTEN | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHOCTL | ECHOPRT | ECHOKE;
1813 termios.c_cc[VINTR] = 03; /* ^C */
1814 termios.c_cc[VQUIT] = 034; /* ^\ */
1815 termios.c_cc[VERASE] = 0177;
1816 termios.c_cc[VKILL] = 025; /* ^X */
1817 termios.c_cc[VEOF] = 04; /* ^D */
1818 termios.c_cc[VSTART] = 021; /* ^Q */
1819 termios.c_cc[VSTOP] = 023; /* ^S */
1820 termios.c_cc[VSUSP] = 032; /* ^Z */
1821 termios.c_cc[VLNEXT] = 026; /* ^V */
1822 termios.c_cc[VWERASE] = 027; /* ^W */
1823 termios.c_cc[VREPRINT] = 022; /* ^R */
1824 termios.c_cc[VEOL] = 0;
1825 termios.c_cc[VEOL2] = 0;
1827 termios.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
1828 termios.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
1830 if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &termios) < 0)
1834 /* Just in case, flush all crap out */
1835 tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH);
1840 int reset_terminal(const char *name) {
1841 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
1843 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1847 return reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
1850 int open_terminal(const char *name, int mode) {
1855 * If a TTY is in the process of being closed opening it might
1856 * cause EIO. This is horribly awful, but unlikely to be
1857 * changed in the kernel. Hence we work around this problem by
1858 * retrying a couple of times.
1860 * https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/554172/comments/245
1863 assert(!(mode & O_CREAT));
1866 fd = open(name, mode, 0);
1873 /* Max 1s in total */
1877 usleep(50 * USEC_PER_MSEC);
1895 int flush_fd(int fd) {
1896 struct pollfd pollfd = {
1906 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
1916 l = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
1922 if (errno == EAGAIN)
1931 int acquire_terminal(
1935 bool ignore_tiocstty_eperm,
1938 int fd = -1, notify = -1, r = 0, wd = -1;
1943 /* We use inotify to be notified when the tty is closed. We
1944 * create the watch before checking if we can actually acquire
1945 * it, so that we don't lose any event.
1947 * Note: strictly speaking this actually watches for the
1948 * device being closed, it does *not* really watch whether a
1949 * tty loses its controlling process. However, unless some
1950 * rogue process uses TIOCNOTTY on /dev/tty *after* closing
1951 * its tty otherwise this will not become a problem. As long
1952 * as the administrator makes sure not configure any service
1953 * on the same tty as an untrusted user this should not be a
1954 * problem. (Which he probably should not do anyway.) */
1956 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
1957 ts = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
1959 if (!fail && !force) {
1960 notify = inotify_init1(IN_CLOEXEC | (timeout != USEC_INFINITY ? IN_NONBLOCK : 0));
1966 wd = inotify_add_watch(notify, name, IN_CLOSE);
1974 struct sigaction sa_old, sa_new = {
1975 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
1976 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1980 r = flush_fd(notify);
1985 /* We pass here O_NOCTTY only so that we can check the return
1986 * value TIOCSCTTY and have a reliable way to figure out if we
1987 * successfully became the controlling process of the tty */
1988 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
1992 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
1993 * if we already own the tty. */
1994 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
1996 /* First, try to get the tty */
1997 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, force) < 0)
2000 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2002 /* Sometimes it makes sense to ignore TIOCSCTTY
2003 * returning EPERM, i.e. when very likely we already
2004 * are have this controlling terminal. */
2005 if (r < 0 && r == -EPERM && ignore_tiocstty_eperm)
2008 if (r < 0 && (force || fail || r != -EPERM)) {
2017 assert(notify >= 0);
2020 uint8_t inotify_buffer[sizeof(struct inotify_event) + FILENAME_MAX];
2022 struct inotify_event *e;
2024 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY) {
2027 n = now(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
2028 if (ts + timeout < n) {
2033 r = fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, ts + timeout - n);
2043 l = read(notify, inotify_buffer, sizeof(inotify_buffer));
2046 if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
2053 e = (struct inotify_event*) inotify_buffer;
2058 if (e->wd != wd || !(e->mask & IN_CLOSE)) {
2063 step = sizeof(struct inotify_event) + e->len;
2064 assert(step <= (size_t) l);
2066 e = (struct inotify_event*) ((uint8_t*) e + step);
2073 /* We close the tty fd here since if the old session
2074 * ended our handle will be dead. It's important that
2075 * we do this after sleeping, so that we don't enter
2076 * an endless loop. */
2082 r = reset_terminal_fd(fd, true);
2084 log_warning("Failed to reset terminal: %s", strerror(-r));
2095 int release_terminal(void) {
2096 static const struct sigaction sa_new = {
2097 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2098 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2101 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
2102 struct sigaction sa_old;
2105 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NDELAY|O_CLOEXEC);
2109 /* Temporarily ignore SIGHUP, so that we don't get SIGHUP'ed
2110 * by our own TIOCNOTTY */
2111 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_new, &sa_old) == 0);
2113 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCNOTTY) < 0)
2116 assert_se(sigaction(SIGHUP, &sa_old, NULL) == 0);
2121 int sigaction_many(const struct sigaction *sa, ...) {
2126 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2127 if (sigaction(sig, sa, NULL) < 0)
2134 int ignore_signals(int sig, ...) {
2135 struct sigaction sa = {
2136 .sa_handler = SIG_IGN,
2137 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2142 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2146 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2147 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2154 int default_signals(int sig, ...) {
2155 struct sigaction sa = {
2156 .sa_handler = SIG_DFL,
2157 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
2162 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2166 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2167 if (sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL) < 0)
2174 void safe_close_pair(int p[]) {
2178 /* Special case pairs which use the same fd in both
2180 p[0] = p[1] = safe_close(p[0]);
2184 p[0] = safe_close(p[0]);
2185 p[1] = safe_close(p[1]);
2188 ssize_t loop_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2195 while (nbytes > 0) {
2198 k = read(fd, p, nbytes);
2199 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2202 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2204 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2205 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2208 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLIN, USEC_INFINITY);
2213 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2223 ssize_t loop_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, bool do_poll) {
2224 const uint8_t *p = buf;
2230 while (nbytes > 0) {
2233 k = write(fd, p, nbytes);
2234 if (k < 0 && errno == EINTR)
2237 if (k < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && do_poll) {
2239 /* We knowingly ignore any return value here,
2240 * and expect that any error/EOF is reported
2243 fd_wait_for_event(fd, POLLOUT, USEC_INFINITY);
2248 return n > 0 ? n : (k < 0 ? -errno : 0);
2258 int parse_size(const char *t, off_t base, off_t *size) {
2260 /* Soo, sometimes we want to parse IEC binary suffxies, and
2261 * sometimes SI decimal suffixes. This function can parse
2262 * both. Which one is the right way depends on the
2263 * context. Wikipedia suggests that SI is customary for
2264 * hardrware metrics and network speeds, while IEC is
2265 * customary for most data sizes used by software and volatile
2266 * (RAM) memory. Hence be careful which one you pick!
2268 * In either case we use just K, M, G as suffix, and not Ki,
2269 * Mi, Gi or so (as IEC would suggest). That's because that's
2270 * frickin' ugly. But this means you really need to make sure
2271 * to document which base you are parsing when you use this
2276 unsigned long long factor;
2279 static const struct table iec[] = {
2280 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2281 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2282 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2283 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
2284 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
2290 static const struct table si[] = {
2291 { "E", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2292 { "P", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2293 { "T", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2294 { "G", 1000ULL*1000ULL*1000ULL },
2295 { "M", 1000ULL*1000ULL },
2301 const struct table *table;
2303 unsigned long long r = 0;
2304 unsigned n_entries, start_pos = 0;
2307 assert(base == 1000 || base == 1024);
2312 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(si);
2315 n_entries = ELEMENTSOF(iec);
2321 unsigned long long l2;
2327 l = strtoll(p, &e, 10);
2340 if (*e >= '0' && *e <= '9') {
2343 /* strotoull itself would accept space/+/- */
2344 l2 = strtoull(e, &e2, 10);
2346 if (errno == ERANGE)
2349 /* Ignore failure. E.g. 10.M is valid */
2356 e += strspn(e, WHITESPACE);
2358 for (i = start_pos; i < n_entries; i++)
2359 if (startswith(e, table[i].suffix)) {
2360 unsigned long long tmp;
2361 if ((unsigned long long) l + (frac > 0) > ULLONG_MAX / table[i].factor)
2363 tmp = l * table[i].factor + (unsigned long long) (frac * table[i].factor);
2364 if (tmp > ULLONG_MAX - r)
2368 if ((unsigned long long) (off_t) r != r)
2371 p = e + strlen(table[i].suffix);
2387 int make_stdio(int fd) {
2392 r = dup3(fd, STDIN_FILENO, 0);
2393 s = dup3(fd, STDOUT_FILENO, 0);
2394 t = dup3(fd, STDERR_FILENO, 0);
2399 if (r < 0 || s < 0 || t < 0)
2402 /* We rely here that the new fd has O_CLOEXEC not set */
2407 int make_null_stdio(void) {
2410 null_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY);
2414 return make_stdio(null_fd);
2417 bool is_device_path(const char *path) {
2419 /* Returns true on paths that refer to a device, either in
2420 * sysfs or in /dev */
2423 path_startswith(path, "/dev/") ||
2424 path_startswith(path, "/sys/");
2427 int dir_is_empty(const char *path) {
2428 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d;
2439 if (!de && errno != 0)
2445 if (!ignore_file(de->d_name))
2450 char* dirname_malloc(const char *path) {
2451 char *d, *dir, *dir2;
2468 int dev_urandom(void *p, size_t n) {
2469 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
2472 fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
2474 return errno == ENOENT ? -ENOSYS : -errno;
2476 k = loop_read(fd, p, n, true);
2479 if ((size_t) k != n)
2485 void random_bytes(void *p, size_t n) {
2486 static bool srand_called = false;
2490 r = dev_urandom(p, n);
2494 /* If some idiot made /dev/urandom unavailable to us, he'll
2495 * get a PRNG instead. */
2497 if (!srand_called) {
2500 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_AUXV_H
2501 /* The kernel provides us with a bit of entropy in
2502 * auxv, so let's try to make use of that to seed the
2503 * pseudo-random generator. It's better than
2508 auxv = (void*) getauxval(AT_RANDOM);
2510 x ^= *(unsigned*) auxv;
2513 x ^= (unsigned) now(CLOCK_REALTIME);
2514 x ^= (unsigned) gettid();
2517 srand_called = true;
2520 for (q = p; q < (uint8_t*) p + n; q ++)
2524 void rename_process(const char name[8]) {
2527 /* This is a like a poor man's setproctitle(). It changes the
2528 * comm field, argv[0], and also the glibc's internally used
2529 * name of the process. For the first one a limit of 16 chars
2530 * applies, to the second one usually one of 10 (i.e. length
2531 * of "/sbin/init"), to the third one one of 7 (i.e. length of
2532 * "systemd"). If you pass a longer string it will be
2535 prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name);
2537 if (program_invocation_name)
2538 strncpy(program_invocation_name, name, strlen(program_invocation_name));
2540 if (saved_argc > 0) {
2544 strncpy(saved_argv[0], name, strlen(saved_argv[0]));
2546 for (i = 1; i < saved_argc; i++) {
2550 memzero(saved_argv[i], strlen(saved_argv[i]));
2555 void sigset_add_many(sigset_t *ss, ...) {
2562 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2563 assert_se(sigaddset(ss, sig) == 0);
2567 int sigprocmask_many(int how, ...) {
2572 assert_se(sigemptyset(&ss) == 0);
2575 while ((sig = va_arg(ap, int)) > 0)
2576 assert_se(sigaddset(&ss, sig) == 0);
2579 if (sigprocmask(how, &ss, NULL) < 0)
2585 char* gethostname_malloc(void) {
2588 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2590 if (!isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)"))
2591 return strdup(u.nodename);
2593 return strdup(u.sysname);
2596 bool hostname_is_set(void) {
2599 assert_se(uname(&u) >= 0);
2601 return !isempty(u.nodename) && !streq(u.nodename, "(none)");
2604 char *lookup_uid(uid_t uid) {
2607 _cleanup_free_ char *buf = NULL;
2608 struct passwd pwbuf, *pw = NULL;
2610 /* Shortcut things to avoid NSS lookups */
2612 return strdup("root");
2614 bufsize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
2618 buf = malloc(bufsize);
2622 if (getpwuid_r(uid, &pwbuf, buf, bufsize, &pw) == 0 && pw)
2623 return strdup(pw->pw_name);
2625 if (asprintf(&name, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
2631 char* getlogname_malloc(void) {
2635 if (isatty(STDIN_FILENO) && fstat(STDIN_FILENO, &st) >= 0)
2640 return lookup_uid(uid);
2643 char *getusername_malloc(void) {
2650 return lookup_uid(getuid());
2653 int getttyname_malloc(int fd, char **r) {
2654 char path[PATH_MAX], *c;
2659 k = ttyname_r(fd, path, sizeof(path));
2665 c = strdup(startswith(path, "/dev/") ? path + 5 : path);
2673 int getttyname_harder(int fd, char **r) {
2677 k = getttyname_malloc(fd, &s);
2681 if (streq(s, "tty")) {
2683 return get_ctty(0, NULL, r);
2690 int get_ctty_devnr(pid_t pid, dev_t *d) {
2692 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
2694 unsigned long ttynr;
2698 p = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "stat");
2699 r = read_one_line_file(p, &line);
2703 p = strrchr(line, ')');
2713 "%*d " /* session */
2718 if (major(ttynr) == 0 && minor(ttynr) == 0)
2727 int get_ctty(pid_t pid, dev_t *_devnr, char **r) {
2728 char fn[sizeof("/dev/char/")-1 + 2*DECIMAL_STR_MAX(unsigned) + 1 + 1], *b = NULL;
2729 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
2736 k = get_ctty_devnr(pid, &devnr);
2740 snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn), "/dev/char/%u:%u", major(devnr), minor(devnr));
2742 k = readlink_malloc(fn, &s);
2748 /* This is an ugly hack */
2749 if (major(devnr) == 136) {
2750 asprintf(&b, "pts/%u", minor(devnr));
2754 /* Probably something like the ptys which have no
2755 * symlink in /dev/char. Let's return something
2756 * vaguely useful. */
2762 if (startswith(s, "/dev/"))
2764 else if (startswith(s, "../"))
2782 int rm_rf_children_dangerous(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2783 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
2788 /* This returns the first error we run into, but nevertheless
2789 * tries to go on. This closes the passed fd. */
2795 return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;
2800 bool is_dir, keep_around;
2807 if (errno != 0 && ret == 0)
2812 if (streq(de->d_name, ".") || streq(de->d_name, ".."))
2815 if (de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ||
2817 (de->d_type == DT_DIR && root_dev)) {
2818 if (fstatat(fd, de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
2819 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2824 is_dir = S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
2827 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
2828 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
2830 is_dir = de->d_type == DT_DIR;
2831 keep_around = false;
2837 /* if root_dev is set, remove subdirectories only, if device is same as dir */
2838 if (root_dev && st.st_dev != root_dev->st_dev)
2841 subdir_fd = openat(fd, de->d_name,
2842 O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2843 if (subdir_fd < 0) {
2844 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2849 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(subdir_fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2850 if (r < 0 && ret == 0)
2854 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, AT_REMOVEDIR) < 0) {
2855 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2859 } else if (!only_dirs && !keep_around) {
2861 if (unlinkat(fd, de->d_name, 0) < 0) {
2862 if (ret == 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2869 _pure_ static int is_temporary_fs(struct statfs *s) {
2872 return F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, TMPFS_MAGIC) ||
2873 F_TYPE_EQUAL(s->f_type, RAMFS_MAGIC);
2876 int rm_rf_children(int fd, bool only_dirs, bool honour_sticky, struct stat *root_dev) {
2881 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2886 /* We refuse to clean disk file systems with this call. This
2887 * is extra paranoia just to be sure we never ever remove
2889 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2890 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2895 return rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, root_dev);
2898 static int rm_rf_internal(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky, bool dangerous) {
2904 /* We refuse to clean the root file system with this
2905 * call. This is extra paranoia to never cause a really
2906 * seriously broken system. */
2907 if (path_equal(path, "/")) {
2908 log_error("Attempted to remove entire root file system, and we can't allow that.");
2912 fd = open(path, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOFOLLOW|O_NOATIME);
2915 if (errno != ENOTDIR)
2919 if (statfs(path, &s) < 0)
2922 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2923 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2928 if (delete_root && !only_dirs)
2929 if (unlink(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
2936 if (fstatfs(fd, &s) < 0) {
2941 if (!is_temporary_fs(&s)) {
2942 log_error("Attempted to remove disk file system, and we can't allow that.");
2948 r = rm_rf_children_dangerous(fd, only_dirs, honour_sticky, NULL);
2951 if (honour_sticky && file_is_priv_sticky(path) > 0)
2954 if (rmdir(path) < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
2963 int rm_rf(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2964 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, false);
2967 int rm_rf_dangerous(const char *path, bool only_dirs, bool delete_root, bool honour_sticky) {
2968 return rm_rf_internal(path, only_dirs, delete_root, honour_sticky, true);
2971 int chmod_and_chown(const char *path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2974 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2975 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2976 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2978 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2979 if (chmod(path, mode) < 0)
2982 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
2983 if (chown(path, uid, gid) < 0)
2989 int fchmod_and_fchown(int fd, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
2992 /* Under the assumption that we are running privileged we
2993 * first change the access mode and only then hand out
2994 * ownership to avoid a window where access is too open. */
2996 if (mode != (mode_t) -1)
2997 if (fchmod(fd, mode) < 0)
3000 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1)
3001 if (fchown(fd, uid, gid) < 0)
3007 cpu_set_t* cpu_set_malloc(unsigned *ncpus) {
3011 /* Allocates the cpuset in the right size */
3014 if (!(r = CPU_ALLOC(n)))
3017 if (sched_getaffinity(0, CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r) >= 0) {
3018 CPU_ZERO_S(CPU_ALLOC_SIZE(n), r);
3028 if (errno != EINVAL)
3035 int status_vprintf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, va_list ap) {
3036 static const char status_indent[] = " "; /* "[" STATUS "] " */
3037 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
3038 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
3039 struct iovec iovec[6] = {};
3041 static bool prev_ephemeral;
3045 /* This is independent of logging, as status messages are
3046 * optional and go exclusively to the console. */
3048 if (vasprintf(&s, format, ap) < 0)
3051 fd = open_terminal("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
3064 sl = status ? sizeof(status_indent)-1 : 0;
3070 e = ellipsize(s, emax, 50);
3078 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\r" ANSI_ERASE_TO_END_OF_LINE);
3079 prev_ephemeral = ephemeral;
3082 if (!isempty(status)) {
3083 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "[");
3084 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status);
3085 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "] ");
3087 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], status_indent);
3090 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], s);
3092 IOVEC_SET_STRING(iovec[n++], "\n");
3094 if (writev(fd, iovec, n) < 0)
3100 int status_printf(const char *status, bool ellipse, bool ephemeral, const char *format, ...) {
3106 va_start(ap, format);
3107 r = status_vprintf(status, ellipse, ephemeral, format, ap);
3113 char *replace_env(const char *format, char **env) {
3120 const char *e, *word = format;
3125 for (e = format; *e; e ++) {
3136 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word-1)))
3145 } else if (*e == '$') {
3146 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3162 t = strempty(strv_env_get_n(env, word+2, e-word-2));
3164 k = strappend(r, t);
3178 if (!(k = strnappend(r, word, e-word)))
3189 char **replace_env_argv(char **argv, char **env) {
3191 unsigned k = 0, l = 0;
3193 l = strv_length(argv);
3195 ret = new(char*, l+1);
3199 STRV_FOREACH(i, argv) {
3201 /* If $FOO appears as single word, replace it by the split up variable */
3202 if ((*i)[0] == '$' && (*i)[1] != '{') {
3207 e = strv_env_get(env, *i+1);
3211 r = strv_split_quoted(&m, e);
3223 w = realloc(ret, sizeof(char*) * (l+1));
3233 memcpy(ret + k, m, q * sizeof(char*));
3241 /* If ${FOO} appears as part of a word, replace it by the variable as-is */
3242 ret[k] = replace_env(*i, env);
3254 int fd_columns(int fd) {
3255 struct winsize ws = {};
3257 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3266 unsigned columns(void) {
3270 if (_likely_(cached_columns > 0))
3271 return cached_columns;
3274 e = getenv("COLUMNS");
3278 r = safe_atoi(e, &c);
3280 /* do nothing, we fall back to c = 0 */
3284 c = fd_columns(STDOUT_FILENO);
3293 int fd_lines(int fd) {
3294 struct winsize ws = {};
3296 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) < 0)
3305 unsigned lines(void) {
3309 if (_likely_(cached_lines > 0))
3310 return cached_lines;
3313 e = getenv("LINES");
3317 r = safe_atou(e, &l);
3319 /* do nothing, we fall back to l = 0 */
3323 l = fd_lines(STDOUT_FILENO);
3329 return cached_lines;
3332 /* intended to be used as a SIGWINCH sighandler */
3333 void columns_lines_cache_reset(int signum) {
3339 static int cached_on_tty = -1;
3341 if (_unlikely_(cached_on_tty < 0))
3342 cached_on_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO) > 0;
3344 return cached_on_tty;
3347 int files_same(const char *filea, const char *fileb) {
3350 if (stat(filea, &a) < 0)
3353 if (stat(fileb, &b) < 0)
3356 return a.st_dev == b.st_dev &&
3357 a.st_ino == b.st_ino;
3360 int running_in_chroot(void) {
3363 ret = files_same("/proc/1/root", "/");
3370 static char *ascii_ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3375 assert(percent <= 100);
3376 assert(new_length >= 3);
3378 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3379 return strndup(s, old_length);
3381 r = new0(char, new_length+1);
3385 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3387 if (x > new_length - 3)
3395 s + old_length - (new_length - x - 3),
3396 new_length - x - 3);
3401 char *ellipsize_mem(const char *s, size_t old_length, size_t new_length, unsigned percent) {
3405 unsigned k, len, len2;
3408 assert(percent <= 100);
3409 assert(new_length >= 3);
3411 /* if no multibyte characters use ascii_ellipsize_mem for speed */
3412 if (ascii_is_valid(s))
3413 return ascii_ellipsize_mem(s, old_length, new_length, percent);
3415 if (old_length <= 3 || old_length <= new_length)
3416 return strndup(s, old_length);
3418 x = (new_length * percent) / 100;
3420 if (x > new_length - 3)
3424 for (i = s; k < x && i < s + old_length; i = utf8_next_char(i)) {
3427 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(i);
3430 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3433 if (k > x) /* last character was wide and went over quota */
3436 for (j = s + old_length; k < new_length && j > i; ) {
3439 j = utf8_prev_char(j);
3440 c = utf8_encoded_to_unichar(j);
3443 k += unichar_iswide(c) ? 2 : 1;
3447 /* we don't actually need to ellipsize */
3449 return memdup(s, old_length + 1);
3451 /* make space for ellipsis */
3452 j = utf8_next_char(j);
3455 len2 = s + old_length - j;
3456 e = new(char, len + 3 + len2 + 1);
3461 printf("old_length=%zu new_length=%zu x=%zu len=%u len2=%u k=%u\n",
3462 old_length, new_length, x, len, len2, k);
3466 e[len] = 0xe2; /* tri-dot ellipsis: … */
3470 memcpy(e + len + 3, j, len2 + 1);
3475 char *ellipsize(const char *s, size_t length, unsigned percent) {
3476 return ellipsize_mem(s, strlen(s), length, percent);
3479 int touch_file(const char *path, bool parents, usec_t stamp, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, mode_t mode) {
3480 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
3486 mkdir_parents(path, 0755);
3488 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY, mode > 0 ? mode : 0644);
3493 r = fchmod(fd, mode);
3498 if (uid != (uid_t) -1 || gid != (gid_t) -1) {
3499 r = fchown(fd, uid, gid);
3504 if (stamp != USEC_INFINITY) {
3505 struct timespec ts[2];
3507 timespec_store(&ts[0], stamp);
3509 r = futimens(fd, ts);
3511 r = futimens(fd, NULL);
3518 int touch(const char *path) {
3519 return touch_file(path, false, USEC_INFINITY, (uid_t) -1, (gid_t) -1, 0);
3522 char *unquote(const char *s, const char* quotes) {
3526 /* This is rather stupid, simply removes the heading and
3527 * trailing quotes if there is one. Doesn't care about
3528 * escaping or anything. We should make this smarter one
3535 if (strchr(quotes, s[0]) && s[l-1] == s[0])
3536 return strndup(s+1, l-2);
3541 char *normalize_env_assignment(const char *s) {
3542 _cleanup_free_ char *name = NULL, *value = NULL, *p = NULL;
3545 eq = strchr(s, '=');
3557 memmove(r, t, strlen(t) + 1);
3561 name = strndup(s, eq - s);
3569 value = unquote(strstrip(p), QUOTES);
3573 if (asprintf(&r, "%s=%s", strstrip(name), value) < 0)
3579 int wait_for_terminate(pid_t pid, siginfo_t *status) {
3590 if (waitid(P_PID, pid, status, WEXITED) < 0) {
3604 * < 0 : wait_for_terminate() failed to get the state of the
3605 * process, the process was terminated by a signal, or
3606 * failed for an unknown reason.
3607 * >=0 : The process terminated normally, and its exit code is
3610 * That is, success is indicated by a return value of zero, and an
3611 * error is indicated by a non-zero value.
3613 int wait_for_terminate_and_warn(const char *name, pid_t pid) {
3620 r = wait_for_terminate(pid, &status);
3622 log_warning("Failed to wait for %s: %s", name, strerror(-r));
3626 if (status.si_code == CLD_EXITED) {
3627 if (status.si_status != 0) {
3628 log_warning("%s failed with error code %i.", name, status.si_status);
3629 return status.si_status;
3632 log_debug("%s succeeded.", name);
3635 } else if (status.si_code == CLD_KILLED ||
3636 status.si_code == CLD_DUMPED) {
3638 log_warning("%s terminated by signal %s.", name, signal_to_string(status.si_status));
3642 log_warning("%s failed due to unknown reason.", name);
3646 noreturn void freeze(void) {
3648 /* Make sure nobody waits for us on a socket anymore */
3649 close_all_fds(NULL, 0);
3657 bool null_or_empty(struct stat *st) {
3660 if (S_ISREG(st->st_mode) && st->st_size <= 0)
3663 if (S_ISCHR(st->st_mode) || S_ISBLK(st->st_mode))
3669 int null_or_empty_path(const char *fn) {
3674 if (stat(fn, &st) < 0)
3677 return null_or_empty(&st);
3680 int null_or_empty_fd(int fd) {
3685 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
3688 return null_or_empty(&st);
3691 DIR *xopendirat(int fd, const char *name, int flags) {
3695 assert(!(flags & O_CREAT));
3697 nfd = openat(fd, name, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK|O_DIRECTORY|O_CLOEXEC|flags, 0);
3710 int signal_from_string_try_harder(const char *s) {
3714 signo = signal_from_string(s);
3716 if (startswith(s, "SIG"))
3717 return signal_from_string(s+3);
3722 static char *tag_to_udev_node(const char *tagvalue, const char *by) {
3723 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL, *u = NULL;
3726 u = unquote(tagvalue, "\"\'");
3730 enc_len = strlen(u) * 4 + 1;
3731 t = new(char, enc_len);
3735 if (encode_devnode_name(u, t, enc_len) < 0)
3738 return strjoin("/dev/disk/by-", by, "/", t, NULL);
3741 char *fstab_node_to_udev_node(const char *p) {
3744 if (startswith(p, "LABEL="))
3745 return tag_to_udev_node(p+6, "label");
3747 if (startswith(p, "UUID="))
3748 return tag_to_udev_node(p+5, "uuid");
3750 if (startswith(p, "PARTUUID="))
3751 return tag_to_udev_node(p+9, "partuuid");
3753 if (startswith(p, "PARTLABEL="))
3754 return tag_to_udev_node(p+10, "partlabel");
3759 bool tty_is_vc(const char *tty) {
3762 return vtnr_from_tty(tty) >= 0;
3765 bool tty_is_console(const char *tty) {
3768 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3771 return streq(tty, "console");
3774 int vtnr_from_tty(const char *tty) {
3779 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3782 if (!startswith(tty, "tty") )
3785 if (tty[3] < '0' || tty[3] > '9')
3788 r = safe_atoi(tty+3, &i);
3792 if (i < 0 || i > 63)
3798 char *resolve_dev_console(char **active) {
3801 /* Resolve where /dev/console is pointing to, if /sys is actually ours
3802 * (i.e. not read-only-mounted which is a sign for container setups) */
3804 if (path_is_read_only_fs("/sys") > 0)
3807 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/console/active", active) < 0)
3810 /* If multiple log outputs are configured the last one is what
3811 * /dev/console points to */
3812 tty = strrchr(*active, ' ');
3818 if (streq(tty, "tty0")) {
3821 /* Get the active VC (e.g. tty1) */
3822 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/class/tty/tty0/active", &tmp) >= 0) {
3824 tty = *active = tmp;
3831 bool tty_is_vc_resolve(const char *tty) {
3832 _cleanup_free_ char *active = NULL;
3836 if (startswith(tty, "/dev/"))
3839 if (streq(tty, "console")) {
3840 tty = resolve_dev_console(&active);
3845 return tty_is_vc(tty);
3848 const char *default_term_for_tty(const char *tty) {
3851 return tty_is_vc_resolve(tty) ? "TERM=linux" : "TERM=vt102";
3854 bool dirent_is_file(const struct dirent *de) {
3857 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
3860 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3861 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3862 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3868 bool dirent_is_file_with_suffix(const struct dirent *de, const char *suffix) {
3871 if (de->d_type != DT_REG &&
3872 de->d_type != DT_LNK &&
3873 de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
3876 if (ignore_file_allow_backup(de->d_name))
3879 return endswith(de->d_name, suffix);
3882 void execute_directory(const char *directory, DIR *d, usec_t timeout, char *argv[]) {
3888 /* Executes all binaries in a directory in parallel and waits
3889 * for them to finish. Optionally a timeout is applied. */
3891 executor_pid = fork();
3892 if (executor_pid < 0) {
3893 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3896 } else if (executor_pid == 0) {
3897 _cleanup_hashmap_free_free_ Hashmap *pids = NULL;
3898 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *_d = NULL;
3901 /* We fork this all off from a child process so that
3902 * we can somewhat cleanly make use of SIGALRM to set
3905 reset_all_signal_handlers();
3906 reset_signal_mask();
3908 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3911 d = _d = opendir(directory);
3913 if (errno == ENOENT)
3914 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3916 log_error("Failed to enumerate directory %s: %m", directory);
3917 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3921 pids = hashmap_new(NULL);
3924 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3927 FOREACH_DIRENT(de, d, break) {
3928 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3931 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
3934 path = strjoin(directory, "/", de->d_name, NULL);
3937 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3942 log_error("Failed to fork: %m");
3944 } else if (pid == 0) {
3947 assert_se(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) == 0);
3957 log_error("Failed to execute %s: %m", path);
3958 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3961 log_debug("Spawned %s as " PID_FMT ".", path, pid);
3963 r = hashmap_put(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid), path);
3966 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
3972 /* Abort execution of this process after the
3973 * timout. We simply rely on SIGALRM as default action
3974 * terminating the process, and turn on alarm(). */
3976 if (timeout != USEC_INFINITY)
3977 alarm((timeout + USEC_PER_SEC - 1) / USEC_PER_SEC);
3979 while (!hashmap_isempty(pids)) {
3980 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL;
3983 pid = PTR_TO_UINT(hashmap_first_key(pids));
3986 path = hashmap_remove(pids, UINT_TO_PTR(pid));
3989 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(path, pid);
3992 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
3995 wait_for_terminate_and_warn(directory, executor_pid);
3998 int kill_and_sigcont(pid_t pid, int sig) {
4001 r = kill(pid, sig) < 0 ? -errno : 0;
4009 bool nulstr_contains(const char*nulstr, const char *needle) {
4015 NULSTR_FOREACH(i, nulstr)
4016 if (streq(i, needle))
4022 bool plymouth_running(void) {
4023 return access("/run/plymouth/pid", F_OK) >= 0;
4026 char* strshorten(char *s, size_t l) {
4035 static bool hostname_valid_char(char c) {
4037 (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
4038 (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
4039 (c >= '0' && c <= '9') ||
4045 bool hostname_is_valid(const char *s) {
4052 for (p = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4059 if (!hostname_valid_char(*p))
4069 if (p-s > HOST_NAME_MAX)
4075 char* hostname_cleanup(char *s, bool lowercase) {
4079 for (p = s, d = s, dot = true; *p; p++) {
4086 } else if (hostname_valid_char(*p)) {
4087 *(d++) = lowercase ? tolower(*p) : *p;
4098 strshorten(s, HOST_NAME_MAX);
4103 bool machine_name_is_valid(const char *s) {
4105 if (!hostname_is_valid(s))
4108 /* Machine names should be useful hostnames, but also be
4109 * useful in unit names, hence we enforce a stricter length
4118 int pipe_eof(int fd) {
4119 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4121 .events = POLLIN|POLLHUP,
4126 r = poll(&pollfd, 1, 0);
4133 return pollfd.revents & POLLHUP;
4136 int fd_wait_for_event(int fd, int event, usec_t t) {
4138 struct pollfd pollfd = {
4146 r = ppoll(&pollfd, 1, t == USEC_INFINITY ? NULL : timespec_store(&ts, t), NULL);
4153 return pollfd.revents;
4156 int fopen_temporary(const char *path, FILE **_f, char **_temp_path) {
4165 t = tempfn_xxxxxx(path);
4169 fd = mkostemp_safe(t, O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
4175 f = fdopen(fd, "we");
4188 int terminal_vhangup_fd(int fd) {
4191 if (ioctl(fd, TIOCVHANGUP) < 0)
4197 int terminal_vhangup(const char *name) {
4198 _cleanup_close_ int fd;
4200 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4204 return terminal_vhangup_fd(fd);
4207 int vt_disallocate(const char *name) {
4211 /* Deallocate the VT if possible. If not possible
4212 * (i.e. because it is the active one), at least clear it
4213 * entirely (including the scrollback buffer) */
4215 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/"))
4218 if (!tty_is_vc(name)) {
4219 /* So this is not a VT. I guess we cannot deallocate
4220 * it then. But let's at least clear the screen */
4222 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4227 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4228 "\033[H" /* move home */
4229 "\033[2J", /* clear screen */
4236 if (!startswith(name, "/dev/tty"))
4239 r = safe_atou(name+8, &u);
4246 /* Try to deallocate */
4247 fd = open_terminal("/dev/tty0", O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4251 r = ioctl(fd, VT_DISALLOCATE, u);
4260 /* Couldn't deallocate, so let's clear it fully with
4262 fd = open_terminal(name, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
4267 "\033[r" /* clear scrolling region */
4268 "\033[H" /* move home */
4269 "\033[3J", /* clear screen including scrollback, requires Linux 2.6.40 */
4276 int symlink_atomic(const char *from, const char *to) {
4277 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4282 t = tempfn_random(to);
4286 if (symlink(from, t) < 0)
4289 if (rename(t, to) < 0) {
4297 int mknod_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode, dev_t dev) {
4298 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4302 t = tempfn_random(path);
4306 if (mknod(t, mode, dev) < 0)
4309 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4317 int mkfifo_atomic(const char *path, mode_t mode) {
4318 _cleanup_free_ char *t = NULL;
4322 t = tempfn_random(path);
4326 if (mkfifo(t, mode) < 0)
4329 if (rename(t, path) < 0) {
4337 bool display_is_local(const char *display) {
4341 display[0] == ':' &&
4342 display[1] >= '0' &&
4346 int socket_from_display(const char *display, char **path) {
4353 if (!display_is_local(display))
4356 k = strspn(display+1, "0123456789");
4358 f = new(char, strlen("/tmp/.X11-unix/X") + k + 1);
4362 c = stpcpy(f, "/tmp/.X11-unix/X");
4363 memcpy(c, display+1, k);
4372 const char **username,
4373 uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid,
4375 const char **shell) {
4383 /* We enforce some special rules for uid=0: in order to avoid
4384 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4386 if (streq(*username, "root") || streq(*username, "0")) {
4404 if (parse_uid(*username, &u) >= 0) {
4408 /* If there are multiple users with the same id, make
4409 * sure to leave $USER to the configured value instead
4410 * of the first occurrence in the database. However if
4411 * the uid was configured by a numeric uid, then let's
4412 * pick the real username from /etc/passwd. */
4414 *username = p->pw_name;
4417 p = getpwnam(*username);
4421 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4433 *shell = p->pw_shell;
4438 char* uid_to_name(uid_t uid) {
4443 return strdup("root");
4447 return strdup(p->pw_name);
4449 if (asprintf(&r, UID_FMT, uid) < 0)
4455 char* gid_to_name(gid_t gid) {
4460 return strdup("root");
4464 return strdup(p->gr_name);
4466 if (asprintf(&r, GID_FMT, gid) < 0)
4472 int get_group_creds(const char **groupname, gid_t *gid) {
4478 /* We enforce some special rules for gid=0: in order to avoid
4479 * NSS lookups for root we hardcode its data. */
4481 if (streq(*groupname, "root") || streq(*groupname, "0")) {
4482 *groupname = "root";
4490 if (parse_gid(*groupname, &id) >= 0) {
4495 *groupname = g->gr_name;
4498 g = getgrnam(*groupname);
4502 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
4510 int in_gid(gid_t gid) {
4512 int ngroups_max, r, i;
4514 if (getgid() == gid)
4517 if (getegid() == gid)
4520 ngroups_max = sysconf(_SC_NGROUPS_MAX);
4521 assert(ngroups_max > 0);
4523 gids = alloca(sizeof(gid_t) * ngroups_max);
4525 r = getgroups(ngroups_max, gids);
4529 for (i = 0; i < r; i++)
4536 int in_group(const char *name) {
4540 r = get_group_creds(&name, &gid);
4547 int glob_exists(const char *path) {
4548 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4554 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4556 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4558 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4561 return !strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv);
4563 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4566 int glob_extend(char ***strv, const char *path) {
4567 _cleanup_globfree_ glob_t g = {};
4572 k = glob(path, GLOB_NOSORT|GLOB_BRACE, NULL, &g);
4574 if (k == GLOB_NOMATCH)
4576 else if (k == GLOB_NOSPACE)
4578 else if (k != 0 || strv_isempty(g.gl_pathv))
4579 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
4581 STRV_FOREACH(p, g.gl_pathv) {
4582 k = strv_extend(strv, *p);
4590 int dirent_ensure_type(DIR *d, struct dirent *de) {
4596 if (de->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN)
4599 if (fstatat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0)
4603 S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ? DT_REG :
4604 S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) ? DT_DIR :
4605 S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) ? DT_LNK :
4606 S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? DT_FIFO :
4607 S_ISSOCK(st.st_mode) ? DT_SOCK :
4608 S_ISCHR(st.st_mode) ? DT_CHR :
4609 S_ISBLK(st.st_mode) ? DT_BLK :
4615 int get_files_in_directory(const char *path, char ***list) {
4616 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
4617 size_t bufsize = 0, n = 0;
4618 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **l = NULL;
4622 /* Returns all files in a directory in *list, and the number
4623 * of files as return value. If list is NULL returns only the
4635 if (!de && errno != 0)
4640 dirent_ensure_type(d, de);
4642 if (!dirent_is_file(de))
4646 /* one extra slot is needed for the terminating NULL */
4647 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(l, bufsize, n + 2))
4650 l[n] = strdup(de->d_name);
4661 l = NULL; /* avoid freeing */
4667 char *strjoin(const char *x, ...) {
4681 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4686 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
4710 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
4724 bool is_main_thread(void) {
4725 static thread_local int cached = 0;
4727 if (_unlikely_(cached == 0))
4728 cached = getpid() == gettid() ? 1 : -1;
4733 int block_get_whole_disk(dev_t d, dev_t *ret) {
4740 /* If it has a queue this is good enough for us */
4741 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4744 r = access(p, F_OK);
4752 /* If it is a partition find the originating device */
4753 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/partition", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4756 r = access(p, F_OK);
4762 /* Get parent dev_t */
4763 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/../dev", major(d), minor(d)) < 0)
4766 r = read_one_line_file(p, &s);
4772 r = sscanf(s, "%u:%u", &m, &n);
4778 /* Only return this if it is really good enough for us. */
4779 if (asprintf(&p, "/sys/dev/block/%u:%u/queue", m, n) < 0)
4782 r = access(p, F_OK);
4786 *ret = makedev(m, n);
4793 int file_is_priv_sticky(const char *p) {
4798 if (lstat(p, &st) < 0)
4802 (st.st_uid == 0 || st.st_uid == getuid()) &&
4803 (st.st_mode & S_ISVTX);
4806 static const char *const ioprio_class_table[] = {
4807 [IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE] = "none",
4808 [IOPRIO_CLASS_RT] = "realtime",
4809 [IOPRIO_CLASS_BE] = "best-effort",
4810 [IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE] = "idle"
4813 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ioprio_class, int, INT_MAX);
4815 static const char *const sigchld_code_table[] = {
4816 [CLD_EXITED] = "exited",
4817 [CLD_KILLED] = "killed",
4818 [CLD_DUMPED] = "dumped",
4819 [CLD_TRAPPED] = "trapped",
4820 [CLD_STOPPED] = "stopped",
4821 [CLD_CONTINUED] = "continued",
4824 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(sigchld_code, int);
4826 static const char *const log_facility_unshifted_table[LOG_NFACILITIES] = {
4827 [LOG_FAC(LOG_KERN)] = "kern",
4828 [LOG_FAC(LOG_USER)] = "user",
4829 [LOG_FAC(LOG_MAIL)] = "mail",
4830 [LOG_FAC(LOG_DAEMON)] = "daemon",
4831 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTH)] = "auth",
4832 [LOG_FAC(LOG_SYSLOG)] = "syslog",
4833 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LPR)] = "lpr",
4834 [LOG_FAC(LOG_NEWS)] = "news",
4835 [LOG_FAC(LOG_UUCP)] = "uucp",
4836 [LOG_FAC(LOG_CRON)] = "cron",
4837 [LOG_FAC(LOG_AUTHPRIV)] = "authpriv",
4838 [LOG_FAC(LOG_FTP)] = "ftp",
4839 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL0)] = "local0",
4840 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL1)] = "local1",
4841 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL2)] = "local2",
4842 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL3)] = "local3",
4843 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL4)] = "local4",
4844 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL5)] = "local5",
4845 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL6)] = "local6",
4846 [LOG_FAC(LOG_LOCAL7)] = "local7"
4849 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_facility_unshifted, int, LOG_FAC(~0));
4851 static const char *const log_level_table[] = {
4852 [LOG_EMERG] = "emerg",
4853 [LOG_ALERT] = "alert",
4854 [LOG_CRIT] = "crit",
4856 [LOG_WARNING] = "warning",
4857 [LOG_NOTICE] = "notice",
4858 [LOG_INFO] = "info",
4859 [LOG_DEBUG] = "debug"
4862 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(log_level, int, LOG_DEBUG);
4864 static const char* const sched_policy_table[] = {
4865 [SCHED_OTHER] = "other",
4866 [SCHED_BATCH] = "batch",
4867 [SCHED_IDLE] = "idle",
4868 [SCHED_FIFO] = "fifo",
4872 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(sched_policy, int, INT_MAX);
4874 static const char* const rlimit_table[_RLIMIT_MAX] = {
4875 [RLIMIT_CPU] = "LimitCPU",
4876 [RLIMIT_FSIZE] = "LimitFSIZE",
4877 [RLIMIT_DATA] = "LimitDATA",
4878 [RLIMIT_STACK] = "LimitSTACK",
4879 [RLIMIT_CORE] = "LimitCORE",
4880 [RLIMIT_RSS] = "LimitRSS",
4881 [RLIMIT_NOFILE] = "LimitNOFILE",
4882 [RLIMIT_AS] = "LimitAS",
4883 [RLIMIT_NPROC] = "LimitNPROC",
4884 [RLIMIT_MEMLOCK] = "LimitMEMLOCK",
4885 [RLIMIT_LOCKS] = "LimitLOCKS",
4886 [RLIMIT_SIGPENDING] = "LimitSIGPENDING",
4887 [RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE] = "LimitMSGQUEUE",
4888 [RLIMIT_NICE] = "LimitNICE",
4889 [RLIMIT_RTPRIO] = "LimitRTPRIO",
4890 [RLIMIT_RTTIME] = "LimitRTTIME"
4893 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(rlimit, int);
4895 static const char* const ip_tos_table[] = {
4896 [IPTOS_LOWDELAY] = "low-delay",
4897 [IPTOS_THROUGHPUT] = "throughput",
4898 [IPTOS_RELIABILITY] = "reliability",
4899 [IPTOS_LOWCOST] = "low-cost",
4902 DEFINE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP_WITH_FALLBACK(ip_tos, int, 0xff);
4904 static const char *const __signal_table[] = {
4921 [SIGSTKFLT] = "STKFLT", /* Linux on SPARC doesn't know SIGSTKFLT */
4932 [SIGVTALRM] = "VTALRM",
4934 [SIGWINCH] = "WINCH",
4940 DEFINE_PRIVATE_STRING_TABLE_LOOKUP(__signal, int);
4942 const char *signal_to_string(int signo) {
4943 static thread_local char buf[sizeof("RTMIN+")-1 + DECIMAL_STR_MAX(int) + 1];
4946 name = __signal_to_string(signo);
4950 if (signo >= SIGRTMIN && signo <= SIGRTMAX)
4951 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "RTMIN+%d", signo - SIGRTMIN);
4953 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", signo);
4958 int signal_from_string(const char *s) {
4963 signo = __signal_from_string(s);
4967 if (startswith(s, "RTMIN+")) {
4971 if (safe_atou(s, &u) >= 0) {
4972 signo = (int) u + offset;
4973 if (signo > 0 && signo < _NSIG)
4979 bool kexec_loaded(void) {
4980 bool loaded = false;
4983 if (read_one_line_file("/sys/kernel/kexec_loaded", &s) >= 0) {
4991 int prot_from_flags(int flags) {
4993 switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
5002 return PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
5009 char *format_bytes(char *buf, size_t l, off_t t) {
5012 static const struct {
5016 { "E", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5017 { "P", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5018 { "T", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5019 { "G", 1024ULL*1024ULL*1024ULL },
5020 { "M", 1024ULL*1024ULL },
5024 for (i = 0; i < ELEMENTSOF(table); i++) {
5026 if (t >= table[i].factor) {
5029 (unsigned long long) (t / table[i].factor),
5030 (unsigned long long) (((t*10ULL) / table[i].factor) % 10ULL),
5037 snprintf(buf, l, "%lluB", (unsigned long long) t);
5045 void* memdup(const void *p, size_t l) {
5058 int fd_inc_sndbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5060 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5062 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, &l);
5063 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5066 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5069 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5070 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5076 int fd_inc_rcvbuf(int fd, size_t n) {
5078 socklen_t l = sizeof(value);
5080 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, &l);
5081 if (r >= 0 && l == sizeof(value) && (size_t) value >= n*2)
5084 /* If we have the privileges we will ignore the kernel limit. */
5087 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5088 if (setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &value, sizeof(value)) < 0)
5093 int fork_agent(pid_t *pid, const int except[], unsigned n_except, const char *path, ...) {
5094 bool stdout_is_tty, stderr_is_tty;
5095 pid_t parent_pid, agent_pid;
5096 sigset_t ss, saved_ss;
5104 /* Spawns a temporary TTY agent, making sure it goes away when
5107 parent_pid = getpid();
5109 /* First we temporarily block all signals, so that the new
5110 * child has them blocked initially. This way, we can be sure
5111 * that SIGTERMs are not lost we might send to the agent. */
5112 assert_se(sigfillset(&ss) >= 0);
5113 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &ss, &saved_ss) >= 0);
5116 if (agent_pid < 0) {
5117 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5121 if (agent_pid != 0) {
5122 assert_se(sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &saved_ss, NULL) >= 0);
5129 * Make sure the agent goes away when the parent dies */
5130 if (prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGTERM) < 0)
5131 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5133 /* Make sure we actually can kill the agent, if we need to, in
5134 * case somebody invoked us from a shell script that trapped
5135 * SIGTERM or so... */
5136 reset_all_signal_handlers();
5137 reset_signal_mask();
5139 /* Check whether our parent died before we were able
5140 * to set the death signal and unblock the signals */
5141 if (getppid() != parent_pid)
5142 _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
5144 /* Don't leak fds to the agent */
5145 close_all_fds(except, n_except);
5147 stdout_is_tty = isatty(STDOUT_FILENO);
5148 stderr_is_tty = isatty(STDERR_FILENO);
5150 if (!stdout_is_tty || !stderr_is_tty) {
5153 /* Detach from stdout/stderr. and reopen
5154 * /dev/tty for them. This is important to
5155 * ensure that when systemctl is started via
5156 * popen() or a similar call that expects to
5157 * read EOF we actually do generate EOF and
5158 * not delay this indefinitely by because we
5159 * keep an unused copy of stdin around. */
5160 fd = open("/dev/tty", O_WRONLY);
5162 log_error("Failed to open /dev/tty: %m");
5163 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5167 dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
5170 dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
5176 /* Count arguments */
5178 for (n = 0; va_arg(ap, char*); n++)
5183 l = alloca(sizeof(char *) * (n + 1));
5185 /* Fill in arguments */
5187 for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
5188 l[i] = va_arg(ap, char*);
5192 _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
5195 int setrlimit_closest(int resource, const struct rlimit *rlim) {
5196 struct rlimit highest, fixed;
5200 if (setrlimit(resource, rlim) >= 0)
5206 /* So we failed to set the desired setrlimit, then let's try
5207 * to get as close as we can */
5208 assert_se(getrlimit(resource, &highest) == 0);
5210 fixed.rlim_cur = MIN(rlim->rlim_cur, highest.rlim_max);
5211 fixed.rlim_max = MIN(rlim->rlim_max, highest.rlim_max);
5213 if (setrlimit(resource, &fixed) < 0)
5219 int getenv_for_pid(pid_t pid, const char *field, char **_value) {
5220 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *f = NULL;
5231 path = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "environ");
5233 f = fopen(path, "re");
5241 char line[LINE_MAX];
5244 for (i = 0; i < sizeof(line)-1; i++) {
5248 if (_unlikely_(c == EOF)) {
5258 if (memcmp(line, field, l) == 0 && line[l] == '=') {
5259 value = strdup(line + l + 1);
5273 bool is_valid_documentation_url(const char *url) {
5276 if (startswith(url, "http://") && url[7])
5279 if (startswith(url, "https://") && url[8])
5282 if (startswith(url, "file:") && url[5])
5285 if (startswith(url, "info:") && url[5])
5288 if (startswith(url, "man:") && url[4])
5294 bool in_initrd(void) {
5295 static int saved = -1;
5301 /* We make two checks here:
5303 * 1. the flag file /etc/initrd-release must exist
5304 * 2. the root file system must be a memory file system
5306 * The second check is extra paranoia, since misdetecting an
5307 * initrd can have bad bad consequences due the initrd
5308 * emptying when transititioning to the main systemd.
5311 saved = access("/etc/initrd-release", F_OK) >= 0 &&
5312 statfs("/", &s) >= 0 &&
5313 is_temporary_fs(&s);
5318 void warn_melody(void) {
5319 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
5321 fd = open("/dev/console", O_WRONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5325 /* Yeah, this is synchronous. Kinda sucks. But well... */
5327 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/440));
5328 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5330 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5331 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5333 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, (int)(1193180/220));
5334 usleep(125*USEC_PER_MSEC);
5336 ioctl(fd, KIOCSOUND, 0);
5339 int make_console_stdio(void) {
5342 /* Make /dev/console the controlling terminal and stdin/stdout/stderr */
5344 fd = acquire_terminal("/dev/console", false, true, true, USEC_INFINITY);
5346 log_error("Failed to acquire terminal: %s", strerror(-fd));
5352 log_error("Failed to duplicate terminal fd: %s", strerror(-r));
5359 int get_home_dir(char **_h) {
5367 /* Take the user specified one */
5368 e = secure_getenv("HOME");
5369 if (e && path_is_absolute(e)) {
5378 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5381 h = strdup("/root");
5389 /* Check the database... */
5393 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5395 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_dir))
5398 h = strdup(p->pw_dir);
5406 int get_shell(char **_s) {
5414 /* Take the user specified one */
5415 e = getenv("SHELL");
5425 /* Hardcode home directory for root to avoid NSS */
5428 s = strdup("/bin/sh");
5436 /* Check the database... */
5440 return errno > 0 ? -errno : -ESRCH;
5442 if (!path_is_absolute(p->pw_shell))
5445 s = strdup(p->pw_shell);
5453 bool filename_is_safe(const char *p) {
5467 if (strlen(p) > FILENAME_MAX)
5473 bool string_is_safe(const char *p) {
5479 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5480 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5483 if (strchr("\\\"\'\0x7f", *t))
5491 * Check if a string contains control characters. If 'ok' is non-NULL
5492 * it may be a string containing additional CCs to be considered OK.
5494 bool string_has_cc(const char *p, const char *ok) {
5499 for (t = p; *t; t++) {
5500 if (ok && strchr(ok, *t))
5503 if (*t > 0 && *t < ' ')
5513 bool path_is_safe(const char *p) {
5518 if (streq(p, "..") || startswith(p, "../") || endswith(p, "/..") || strstr(p, "/../"))
5521 if (strlen(p) > PATH_MAX)
5524 /* The following two checks are not really dangerous, but hey, they still are confusing */
5525 if (streq(p, ".") || startswith(p, "./") || endswith(p, "/.") || strstr(p, "/./"))
5528 if (strstr(p, "//"))
5534 /* hey glibc, APIs with callbacks without a user pointer are so useless */
5535 void *xbsearch_r(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
5536 int (*compar) (const void *, const void *, void *), void *arg) {
5545 p = (void *)(((const char *) base) + (idx * size));
5546 comparison = compar(key, p, arg);
5549 else if (comparison > 0)
5557 bool is_locale_utf8(void) {
5559 static int cached_answer = -1;
5561 if (cached_answer >= 0)
5564 if (!setlocale(LC_ALL, "")) {
5565 cached_answer = true;
5569 set = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
5571 cached_answer = true;
5575 if (streq(set, "UTF-8")) {
5576 cached_answer = true;
5580 /* For LC_CTYPE=="C" return true, because CTYPE is effectly
5581 * unset and everything can do to UTF-8 nowadays. */
5582 set = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, NULL);
5584 cached_answer = true;
5588 /* Check result, but ignore the result if C was set
5592 !getenv("LC_ALL") &&
5593 !getenv("LC_CTYPE") &&
5597 return (bool) cached_answer;
5600 const char *draw_special_char(DrawSpecialChar ch) {
5601 static const char *draw_table[2][_DRAW_SPECIAL_CHAR_MAX] = {
5604 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "\342\224\202 ", /* │ */
5605 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "\342\224\234\342\224\200", /* ├─ */
5606 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "\342\224\224\342\224\200", /* └─ */
5607 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ", /* */
5608 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = "\342\200\243", /* ‣ */
5609 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "\342\227\217", /* ● */
5610 [DRAW_ARROW] = "\342\206\222", /* → */
5611 [DRAW_DASH] = "\342\200\223", /* – */
5614 /* ASCII fallback */ {
5615 [DRAW_TREE_VERTICAL] = "| ",
5616 [DRAW_TREE_BRANCH] = "|-",
5617 [DRAW_TREE_RIGHT] = "`-",
5618 [DRAW_TREE_SPACE] = " ",
5619 [DRAW_TRIANGULAR_BULLET] = ">",
5620 [DRAW_BLACK_CIRCLE] = "*",
5621 [DRAW_ARROW] = "->",
5626 return draw_table[!is_locale_utf8()][ch];
5629 char *strreplace(const char *text, const char *old_string, const char *new_string) {
5632 size_t l, old_len, new_len;
5638 old_len = strlen(old_string);
5639 new_len = strlen(new_string);
5652 if (!startswith(f, old_string)) {
5658 nl = l - old_len + new_len;
5659 a = realloc(r, nl + 1);
5667 t = stpcpy(t, new_string);
5679 char *strip_tab_ansi(char **ibuf, size_t *_isz) {
5680 const char *i, *begin = NULL;
5685 } state = STATE_OTHER;
5687 size_t osz = 0, isz;
5693 /* Strips ANSI color and replaces TABs by 8 spaces */
5695 isz = _isz ? *_isz : strlen(*ibuf);
5697 f = open_memstream(&obuf, &osz);
5701 for (i = *ibuf; i < *ibuf + isz + 1; i++) {
5706 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) /* EOT */
5708 else if (*i == '\x1B')
5709 state = STATE_ESCAPE;
5710 else if (*i == '\t')
5717 if (i >= *ibuf + isz) { /* EOT */
5720 } else if (*i == '[') {
5721 state = STATE_BRACKET;
5726 state = STATE_OTHER;
5733 if (i >= *ibuf + isz || /* EOT */
5734 (!(*i >= '0' && *i <= '9') && *i != ';' && *i != 'm')) {
5737 state = STATE_OTHER;
5739 } else if (*i == 'm')
5740 state = STATE_OTHER;
5762 int on_ac_power(void) {
5763 bool found_offline = false, found_online = false;
5764 _cleanup_closedir_ DIR *d = NULL;
5766 d = opendir("/sys/class/power_supply");
5772 _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1, device = -1;
5778 if (!de && errno != 0)
5784 if (ignore_file(de->d_name))
5787 device = openat(dirfd(d), de->d_name, O_DIRECTORY|O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5789 if (errno == ENOENT || errno == ENOTDIR)
5795 fd = openat(device, "type", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5797 if (errno == ENOENT)
5803 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5807 if (n != 6 || memcmp(contents, "Mains\n", 6))
5811 fd = openat(device, "online", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY);
5813 if (errno == ENOENT)
5819 n = read(fd, contents, sizeof(contents));
5823 if (n != 2 || contents[1] != '\n')
5826 if (contents[0] == '1') {
5827 found_online = true;
5829 } else if (contents[0] == '0')
5830 found_offline = true;
5835 return found_online || !found_offline;
5838 static int search_and_fopen_internal(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, char **search, FILE **_f) {
5845 if (!path_strv_resolve_uniq(search, root))
5848 STRV_FOREACH(i, search) {
5849 _cleanup_free_ char *p = NULL;
5853 p = strjoin(root, *i, "/", path, NULL);
5855 p = strjoin(*i, "/", path, NULL);
5865 if (errno != ENOENT)
5872 int search_and_fopen(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char **search, FILE **_f) {
5873 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **copy = NULL;
5879 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5882 f = fopen(path, mode);
5891 copy = strv_copy((char**) search);
5895 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, copy, _f);
5898 int search_and_fopen_nulstr(const char *path, const char *mode, const char *root, const char *search, FILE **_f) {
5899 _cleanup_strv_free_ char **s = NULL;
5901 if (path_is_absolute(path)) {
5904 f = fopen(path, mode);
5913 s = strv_split_nulstr(search);
5917 return search_and_fopen_internal(path, mode, root, s, _f);
5920 char *strextend(char **x, ...) {
5927 l = f = *x ? strlen(*x) : 0;
5934 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5939 if (n > ((size_t) -1) - l) {
5948 r = realloc(*x, l+1);
5958 t = va_arg(ap, const char *);
5972 char *strrep(const char *s, unsigned n) {
5980 p = r = malloc(l * n + 1);
5984 for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
5991 void* greedy_realloc(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
5998 if (*allocated >= need)
6001 newalloc = MAX(need * 2, 64u / size);
6002 a = newalloc * size;
6004 /* check for overflows */
6005 if (a < size * need)
6013 *allocated = newalloc;
6017 void* greedy_realloc0(void **p, size_t *allocated, size_t need, size_t size) {
6026 q = greedy_realloc(p, allocated, need, size);
6030 if (*allocated > prev)
6031 memzero(q + prev * size, (*allocated - prev) * size);
6036 bool id128_is_valid(const char *s) {
6042 /* Simple formatted 128bit hex string */
6044 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6047 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6048 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6049 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6053 } else if (l == 36) {
6055 /* Formatted UUID */
6057 for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
6060 if ((i == 8 || i == 13 || i == 18 || i == 23)) {
6064 if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') &&
6065 !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') &&
6066 !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z'))
6077 int split_pair(const char *s, const char *sep, char **l, char **r) {
6092 a = strndup(s, x - s);
6096 b = strdup(x + strlen(sep));
6108 int shall_restore_state(void) {
6109 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6110 const char *word, *state;
6114 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6117 if (r == 0) /* Container ... */
6122 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(word, l, line, state) {
6130 e = startswith(n, "systemd.restore_state=");
6134 k = parse_boolean(e);
6142 int proc_cmdline(char **ret) {
6145 if (detect_container(NULL) > 0) {
6146 char *buf = NULL, *p;
6149 r = read_full_file("/proc/1/cmdline", &buf, &sz);
6153 for (p = buf; p + 1 < buf + sz; p++)
6162 r = read_one_line_file("/proc/cmdline", ret);
6169 int parse_proc_cmdline(int (*parse_item)(const char *key, const char *value)) {
6170 _cleanup_free_ char *line = NULL;
6171 const char *w, *state;
6177 r = proc_cmdline(&line);
6179 log_warning("Failed to read /proc/cmdline, ignoring: %s", strerror(-r));
6183 FOREACH_WORD_QUOTED(w, l, line, state) {
6184 char word[l+1], *value;
6189 /* Filter out arguments that are intended only for the
6191 if (!in_initrd() && startswith(word, "rd."))
6194 value = strchr(word, '=');
6198 r = parse_item(word, value);
6206 int container_get_leader(const char *machine, pid_t *pid) {
6207 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL, *class = NULL;
6215 p = strappenda("/run/systemd/machines/", machine);
6216 r = parse_env_file(p, NEWLINE, "LEADER", &s, "CLASS", &class, NULL);
6224 if (!streq_ptr(class, "container"))
6227 r = parse_pid(s, &leader);
6237 int namespace_open(pid_t pid, int *pidns_fd, int *mntns_fd, int *netns_fd, int *root_fd) {
6238 _cleanup_close_ int pidnsfd = -1, mntnsfd = -1, netnsfd = -1;
6246 mntns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/mnt");
6247 mntnsfd = open(mntns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6255 pidns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/pid");
6256 pidnsfd = open(pidns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6264 netns = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "ns/net");
6265 netnsfd = open(netns, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC);
6273 root = procfs_file_alloca(pid, "root");
6274 rfd = open(root, O_RDONLY|O_NOCTTY|O_CLOEXEC|O_DIRECTORY);
6280 *pidns_fd = pidnsfd;
6283 *mntns_fd = mntnsfd;
6286 *netns_fd = netnsfd;
6291 pidnsfd = mntnsfd = netnsfd = -1;
6296 int namespace_enter(int pidns_fd, int mntns_fd, int netns_fd, int root_fd) {
6299 if (setns(pidns_fd, CLONE_NEWPID) < 0)
6303 if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
6307 if (setns(netns_fd, CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
6311 if (fchdir(root_fd) < 0)
6314 if (chroot(".") < 0)
6318 if (setresgid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6321 if (setgroups(0, NULL) < 0)
6324 if (setresuid(0, 0, 0) < 0)
6330 bool pid_is_unwaited(pid_t pid) {
6331 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid at all, including a zombie */
6336 if (kill(pid, 0) >= 0)
6339 return errno != ESRCH;
6342 bool pid_is_alive(pid_t pid) {
6345 /* Checks whether a PID is still valid and not a zombie */
6350 r = get_process_state(pid);
6351 if (r == -ENOENT || r == 'Z')
6357 int getpeercred(int fd, struct ucred *ucred) {
6358 socklen_t n = sizeof(struct ucred);
6365 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &u, &n);
6369 if (n != sizeof(struct ucred))
6372 /* Check if the data is actually useful and not suppressed due
6373 * to namespacing issues */
6381 int getpeersec(int fd, char **ret) {
6393 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6397 if (errno != ERANGE)
6404 r = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERSEC, s, &n);
6420 /* This is much like like mkostemp() but is subject to umask(). */
6421 int mkostemp_safe(char *pattern, int flags) {
6422 _cleanup_umask_ mode_t u;
6429 fd = mkostemp(pattern, flags);
6436 int open_tmpfile(const char *path, int flags) {
6443 /* Try O_TMPFILE first, if it is supported */
6444 fd = open(path, flags|O_TMPFILE, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
6449 /* Fall back to unguessable name + unlinking */
6450 p = strappenda(path, "/systemd-tmp-XXXXXX");
6452 fd = mkostemp_safe(p, flags);
6460 int fd_warn_permissions(const char *path, int fd) {
6463 if (fstat(fd, &st) < 0)
6466 if (st.st_mode & 0111)
6467 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked executable. Please remove executable permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6469 if (st.st_mode & 0002)
6470 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-writable. Please remove world writability permission bits. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6472 if (getpid() == 1 && (st.st_mode & 0044) != 0044)
6473 log_warning("Configuration file %s is marked world-inaccessible. This has no effect as configuration data is accessible via APIs without restrictions. Proceeding anyway.", path);
6478 unsigned long personality_from_string(const char *p) {
6480 /* Parse a personality specifier. We introduce our own
6481 * identifiers that indicate specific ABIs, rather than just
6482 * hints regarding the register size, since we want to keep
6483 * things open for multiple locally supported ABIs for the
6484 * same register size. We try to reuse the ABI identifiers
6485 * used by libseccomp. */
6487 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6489 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6492 if (streq(p, "x86-64"))
6495 #elif defined(__i386__)
6497 if (streq(p, "x86"))
6501 /* personality(7) documents that 0xffffffffUL is used for
6502 * querying the current personality, hence let's use that here
6503 * as error indicator. */
6504 return 0xffffffffUL;
6507 const char* personality_to_string(unsigned long p) {
6509 #if defined(__x86_64__)
6511 if (p == PER_LINUX32)
6517 #elif defined(__i386__)
6526 uint64_t physical_memory(void) {
6529 /* We return this as uint64_t in case we are running as 32bit
6530 * process on a 64bit kernel with huge amounts of memory */
6532 mem = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
6535 return (uint64_t) mem * (uint64_t) page_size();
6538 char* mount_test_option(const char *haystack, const char *needle) {
6540 struct mntent me = {
6541 .mnt_opts = (char*) haystack
6546 /* Like glibc's hasmntopt(), but works on a string, not a
6552 return hasmntopt(&me, needle);
6555 void hexdump(FILE *f, const void *p, size_t s) {
6556 const uint8_t *b = p;
6559 assert(s == 0 || b);
6564 fprintf(f, "%04x ", n);
6566 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6571 fprintf(f, "%02x ", b[i]);
6579 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6584 fputc(isprint(b[i]) ? (char) b[i] : '.', f);
6598 int update_reboot_param_file(const char *param) {
6603 r = write_string_file(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE, param);
6605 log_error("Failed to write reboot param to "
6606 REBOOT_PARAM_FILE": %s", strerror(-r));
6608 unlink(REBOOT_PARAM_FILE);
6613 int umount_recursive(const char *prefix, int flags) {
6617 /* Try to umount everything recursively below a
6618 * directory. Also, take care of stacked mounts, and keep
6619 * unmounting them until they are gone. */
6622 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6627 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6628 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6632 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL;
6635 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6636 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6637 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6638 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6639 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6640 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6641 "%*s" /* (6) mount options */
6642 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6643 "- " /* (8) separator */
6644 "%*s " /* (9) file system type */
6645 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6646 "%*s" /* (11) mount options 2 */
6647 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6656 p = cunescape(path);
6660 if (!path_startswith(p, prefix))
6663 if (umount2(p, flags) < 0) {
6679 int bind_remount_recursive(const char *prefix, bool ro) {
6680 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *done = NULL;
6681 _cleanup_free_ char *cleaned = NULL;
6684 /* Recursively remount a directory (and all its submounts)
6685 * read-only or read-write. If the directory is already
6686 * mounted, we reuse the mount and simply mark it
6687 * MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove the MS_RDONLY for read-write
6688 * operation). If it isn't we first make it one. Afterwards we
6689 * apply MS_BIND|MS_RDONLY (or remove MS_RDONLY) to all
6690 * submounts we can access, too. When mounts are stacked on
6691 * the same mount point we only care for each individual
6692 * "top-level" mount on each point, as we cannot
6693 * influence/access the underlying mounts anyway. We do not
6694 * have any effect on future submounts that might get
6695 * propagated, they migt be writable. This includes future
6696 * submounts that have been triggered via autofs. */
6698 cleaned = strdup(prefix);
6702 path_kill_slashes(cleaned);
6704 done = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6709 _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
6710 _cleanup_set_free_free_ Set *todo = NULL;
6711 bool top_autofs = false;
6714 todo = set_new(&string_hash_ops);
6718 proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
6719 if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
6723 _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *p = NULL, *type = NULL;
6726 k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
6727 "%*s " /* (1) mount id */
6728 "%*s " /* (2) parent id */
6729 "%*s " /* (3) major:minor */
6730 "%*s " /* (4) root */
6731 "%ms " /* (5) mount point */
6732 "%*s" /* (6) mount options (superblock) */
6733 "%*[^-]" /* (7) optional fields */
6734 "- " /* (8) separator */
6735 "%ms " /* (9) file system type */
6736 "%*s" /* (10) mount source */
6737 "%*s" /* (11) mount options (bind mount) */
6738 "%*[^\n]", /* some rubbish at the end */
6748 p = cunescape(path);
6752 /* Let's ignore autofs mounts. If they aren't
6753 * triggered yet, we want to avoid triggering
6754 * them, as we don't make any guarantees for
6755 * future submounts anyway. If they are
6756 * already triggered, then we will find
6757 * another entry for this. */
6758 if (streq(type, "autofs")) {
6759 top_autofs = top_autofs || path_equal(cleaned, p);
6763 if (path_startswith(p, cleaned) &&
6764 !set_contains(done, p)) {
6766 r = set_consume(todo, p);
6776 /* If we have no submounts to process anymore and if
6777 * the root is either already done, or an autofs, we
6779 if (set_isempty(todo) &&
6780 (top_autofs || set_contains(done, cleaned)))
6783 if (!set_contains(done, cleaned) &&
6784 !set_contains(todo, cleaned)) {
6785 /* The prefix directory itself is not yet a
6786 * mount, make it one. */
6787 if (mount(cleaned, cleaned, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REC, NULL) < 0)
6790 if (mount(NULL, prefix, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0)
6793 x = strdup(cleaned);
6797 r = set_consume(done, x);
6802 while ((x = set_steal_first(todo))) {
6804 r = set_consume(done, x);
6810 if (mount(NULL, x, NULL, MS_BIND|MS_REMOUNT|(ro ? MS_RDONLY : 0), NULL) < 0) {
6812 /* Deal with mount points that are
6813 * obstructed by a later mount */
6815 if (errno != ENOENT)
6823 int fflush_and_check(FILE *f) {
6830 return errno ? -errno : -EIO;
6835 char *tempfn_xxxxxx(const char *p) {
6842 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 6 + 1);
6849 strcpy(stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn), "XXXXXX");
6854 char *tempfn_random(const char *p) {
6863 t = new(char, strlen(p) + 1 + 16 + 1);
6870 x = stpcpy(stpcpy(mempcpy(t, p, k), "."), fn);
6873 for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
6874 *(x++) = hexchar(u & 0xF);
6883 /* make sure the hostname is not "localhost" */
6884 bool is_localhost(const char *hostname) {
6887 /* This tries to identify local host and domain names
6888 * described in RFC6761 plus the redhatism of .localdomain */
6890 return streq(hostname, "localhost") ||
6891 streq(hostname, "localhost.") ||
6892 streq(hostname, "localdomain.") ||
6893 streq(hostname, "localdomain") ||
6894 endswith(hostname, ".localhost") ||
6895 endswith(hostname, ".localhost.") ||
6896 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain") ||
6897 endswith(hostname, ".localdomain.");
6900 int take_password_lock(const char *root) {
6902 struct flock flock = {
6904 .l_whence = SEEK_SET,
6912 /* This is roughly the same as lckpwdf(), but not as awful. We
6913 * don't want to use alarm() and signals, hence we implement
6914 * our own trivial version of this.
6916 * Note that shadow-utils also takes per-database locks in
6917 * addition to lckpwdf(). However, we don't given that they
6918 * are redundant as they they invoke lckpwdf() first and keep
6919 * it during everything they do. The per-database locks are
6920 * awfully racy, and thus we just won't do them. */
6923 path = strappenda(root, "/etc/.pwd.lock");
6925 path = "/etc/.pwd.lock";
6927 fd = open(path, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_CLOEXEC|O_NOCTTY|O_NOFOLLOW, 0600);
6931 r = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &flock);
6940 int is_symlink(const char *path) {
6943 if (lstat(path, &info) < 0)
6946 if (S_ISLNK(info.st_mode))
6952 int unquote_first_word(const char **p, char **ret) {
6953 _cleanup_free_ char *s = NULL;
6954 size_t allocated = 0, sz = 0;
6961 SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6963 DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE,
6971 /* Parses the first word of a string, and returns it in
6972 * *ret. Removes all quotes in the process. When parsing fails
6973 * (because of an uneven number of quotes or similar), leaves
6974 * the pointer *p at the first invalid character. */
6984 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
6994 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
6996 state = VALUE_ESCAPE;
6998 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
6999 else if (strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7002 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7014 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7028 state = SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7030 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7038 case SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7042 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7046 state = SINGLE_QUOTE;
7055 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE;
7057 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7065 case DOUBLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE:
7069 if (!GREEDY_REALLOC(s, allocated, sz+2))
7073 state = DOUBLE_QUOTE;
7079 if (!strchr(WHITESPACE, c))
7101 int unquote_many_words(const char **p, ...) {
7106 /* Parses a number of words from a string, stripping any
7107 * quotes if necessary. */
7111 /* Count how many words are expected */
7114 if (!va_arg(ap, char **))
7123 /* Read all words into a temporary array */
7124 l = newa0(char*, n);
7125 for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
7127 r = unquote_first_word(p, &l[c]);
7131 for (j = 0; j < c; j++)
7141 /* If we managed to parse all words, return them in the passed
7144 for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
7147 v = va_arg(ap, char **);
7157 int free_and_strdup(char **p, const char *s) {
7162 /* Replaces a string pointer with an strdup()ed new string,
7163 * possibly freeing the old one. */